inform-runtime 1.0.4

data/game/verbs/metaverbs.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,2028 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+# frozen_string_literal: false
+
+# Copyright Nels Nelson 2008-2023 but freely usable (see license)
+#
+# This file is part of the Inform Runtime.
+#
+# The Inform Runtime is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
+# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# The Inform Runtime is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with the Inform Runtime.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+require 'fileutils'
+require 'set'
+
+# The Metaverbs module
+module Metaverbs
+  Parser = Inform::Parser
+  Newline = "\n".freeze
+
+  def TestSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    case special
+
+    when /loop/
+      add_event do
+        iteration = 0
+        loop do
+          publish 'Iteration: ' + (iteration += 1)
+          sleep 1
+        end
+      end
+    when /events/
+      if special_number1.nil?
+        add_event do
+          delay(0.5) do
+            @player.inform "Something happened."
+            add_event do
+              "Something descendant happened."
+            end
+          end.delay(0.5) do
+            "Something else will happen..."
+          end.delay(1) do
+            "In 3..."
+          end.delay(1) do
+            "2..."
+          end.delay(1) do
+            "1..."
+          end
+        end.delay(5) do
+          "Something else happened."
+        end
+        "Testing events..."
+      else
+        n = special_number1.to_i
+        add_event do
+          @player.inform "Something happened."
+        end.delay(0.5) do
+          "Something else will happen..."
+        end.delay(0.5) do
+          # TODO: Why is there a maximum of 6927??? FIXME
+          @player.inform "#{n} events will happen..."
+          e = add_event do
+            "Something happened. [0]"
+          end
+          (n - 1).times do |i|
+            e = e.add_event do
+              format("Something happened. [%<iteration>s]", iteration: i + 1)
+            end
+          end
+          false
+        end
+        "Testing #{special_number1} events..."
+      end
+    when /error/
+      println "Testing errors..."
+      raise "Testing errors..."
+    else
+      "You passed the test."
+    end
+  end
+
+  def IsInSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    if noun.in? second
+      The(noun) + " is in " + the(second) + "."
+    elsif second == player
+      L__M(:Drop, 2, noun)
+    else
+      The(noun) + " is not in " + the(second) + "."
+    end
+  end
+  alias IsNotInSub IsInSub
+
+  def admins
+    results = find_by_tag_name('admin')
+    Set.new.merge(results.map(&:name)).sort
+  end
+
+  def AdminsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    "Current admins are: " + admins
+  end
+
+  def builders
+    results = find_by_tag_name('builder')
+    Set.new.merge(results.map(&:name)).sort
+  end
+
+  def BuildersSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    "Current builders are: " + builders
+  end
+
+  def ActionSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    target = noun
+    command = text
+    target.add_event do
+      target.parse(command)
+    end
+    "You force " + the(target) + " to " + command + "."
+  end
+
+  def AgainSub
+    history.pop
+    parse history.last
+  end
+
+  ConverterTemplate = 'to_%<data_format>'.freeze
+
+  def AncestorsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    o = @player
+    o = noun if noun.object?
+    a = o.ancestors
+    unless special.nil?
+      converter = format(ConverterTemplate, data_format: special).to_sym
+      return a.send(converter, { include: %i[tagged modularized] }) if a.respond_to? converter
+    end
+    a.identities
+  end
+
+  def AssignSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    return "That value is invalid." if text.nil? || text.empty?
+    property = special.to_sym
+    if property == :name
+      noun.values[:name] = text
+      noun.save
+      return "The #{property} of " + the(noun) + " is " + ensure_punctuation(noun.name_words)
+    elsif Object.methods.include?(property)
+      return "That property may not be modified."
+    else
+      value = text.number? ? text.to_n : text
+      # The following can accidentally invoke a method of the noun object:
+      # noun.&property, value
+      # Don't do that here, since property is user input. Do this instead:
+      noun.properties[property] = value
+      noun.save
+    end
+    "The #{property} of " + the(noun) + " is " + ensure_punctuation(noun.&property)
+  end
+
+  def UnassignSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    property = special.to_sym
+    noun.properties.delete special
+    noun.properties.delete property
+    noun.save
+    The(noun) + " no longer has #{property}."
+  end
+
+  def AssignRoomSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    invoke :Assign, location, text
+  end
+
+  def UnassignRoomSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    invoke :Unassign, location, text
+  end
+
+  def AttributesSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    if !special.nil? && Inform::Tag.respond_to?(special)
+      result = Inform::Tag.send(special)
+      return result || "None."
+    end
+    Inform::Tag.map(&:name).sort
+  end
+
+  def AreasScope
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    case @scope_stage
+    when 1 then false # Return single objects only
+    when 2
+      areas = Inform::Object.where(object_type: 'Area').all
+      ScopeWithin(areas); true
+    when 3 then L__M(:Take, 8) # TODO: This is broken somehow FIXME
+    end
+  end
+
+  def AreaSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    return "For some reason your location cannot be determined." if location.nil?
+    location.link :area, noun if noun.nil? && noun.is_a?(Area)
+    area = location.linkto :area
+    while parent(area)
+      println "You are in a sub-area called " + A(area) + " [#{area.identity}]."
+      area = parent(area)
+    end
+    return "This room does not belong to any area." unless area
+    "The main area here is called " + A(area) + " [#{area.identity}]."
+  end
+
+  def AreasSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    areas = Inform::Object.where(object_type: 'Area').order(:name).all
+    return "There are no areas." if areas.empty?
+    println "The following areas are available:"
+    areas.identities
+  end
+
+  def BackupSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    unless Inform::Game.config.include?(:admin_email)
+      return "Please define AdminEmail in the Configuration module."
+    end
+    unless Inform::Game.config.include?(:database_name)
+      return "Please define DatabaseName in the Configuration module."
+    end
+    unless special == 'wetrun'
+      println `scripts/backup.rb`.strip
+      return "Try again with 'backup wetrun' if you really want to do this."
+    end
+    database = Inform::Game.config[:database_name]
+    event do
+      file = `scripts/backup.rb --wet-run`.strip
+      return "Failed to backup #{database} database." unless File.exist? file
+      to_address = Session.of(@player).login.account.email
+      from_address = Inform::Game.config[:admin_email]
+      subject = 'Database backup'
+      message = "This is a copy of the #{database} database in SQL dump format."
+      send_email to_address, from_address, subject, message, file
+      new_line
+      println "A file was created at #{file} containing a backup of the #{database} database."
+      "A copy of that file has been e-mailed to #{to_address}."
+    end
+    "Backing up the #{database} database..."
+  end
+
+  # TODO: When the game shuts down, or the player quits, all of
+  # this session re-wiring must be undone.
+  def BecomeSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    begin
+      take @player, :admin
+      give noun, :admin
+      session = Session.of(@player)
+      if session
+        @player.inflib.unsubscribe session
+        # @player.unsubscribe session
+        session.outbound.unsubscribe_all
+
+        unsubscribe @player
+        @player = actor = selfobj = noun
+
+        # session.inbound.subscribe @player.inflib
+        # @player.inflib.subscribe session
+        @player.inflib.subscribe session.outbound
+        @player.subscribe session.outbound
+        session.control(@player)
+      else
+        unsubscribe @player
+        @player = actor = selfobj = noun
+        if session
+          session.inbound.subscribe @player.inflib
+          @player.inflib.subscribe session
+          @player.inflib.subscribe session.outbound
+          @player.subscribe session.outbound
+        end
+      end
+      _invoke :Look
+    rescue StandardError => e
+      log.error "Error becoming other #{noun}", e
+    end
+    true
+  end
+
+  def BellSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    "\aBong!"
+  end
+
+  def PlayerScope
+    case @scope_stage
+    when 1 then return false # Return single objects only
+    when 2
+      # Session.players.each do |player|
+      #   PlaceInScope(player)
+      # end
+      # return true
+      ScopeWithin(Session.players); return true
+    when 3 then println "No such player."
+    end
+  end
+
+  def BootSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    return L__M(:Boot, 1) if noun.nil?
+    Session.of(noun).disconnect
+    "Dropped connection for #{noun}."
+  end
+
+  def BranchSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    o = noun.object? ? noun : @player
+    b = o.branch
+    unless special.nil?
+      converter = format(ConverterTemplate, data_format: special).to_sym
+      return b.send(converter, { include: %i[tagged modularized] }) if branch.respond_to?(converter)
+    end
+    b
+  end
+
+  def BroadcastSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    Session.players.inform text
+    "[ Informed every player of your communication: #{text} ]"
+  end
+
+  def ClassesSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    return "ObjectSpace is not enabled" unless ObjectSpace.enabled?
+    ObjectSpace.each_object(Class) do |klass|
+      loop do
+        print klass
+        klass = klass.superclass
+        break if klass.nil?
+        print " < "
+      end
+      println
+    end
+    ""
+  end
+
+  def ClassifySub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    unless special.nil?
+      klass = find_class special
+      return "No such class #{special}." if klass.nil?
+      o = noun.classify_as klass
+      PronounNotice(o)
+    end
+    "The class of " + the(o) + " is " + o.object_type + "."
+  end
+
+  def TaxonomySub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    inheritance = noun.class.ancestors
+    taxonomy = inheritance[0..inheritance.index(Inform::Object)]
+    "The taxonomy of " + the(noun) + " is " + taxonomy.join(' < ') + "."
+  end
+
+  def ClearSub
+    "Not yet implemented."
+  end
+
+  def clear_history
+    n = history.length
+    history.clear
+    "Forgot #{n} commands."
+  end
+
+  def ClockSub
+    require 'lib/clock'
+    "You turn the clock #{Clock.toggle}."
+  end
+
+  def StopwatchSub
+    require 'lib/stopwatch'
+    println "You turn the stopwatch #{Stopwatch.toggle}."
+  end
+
+  Colors = %i[red green yellow blue purple cyan white black].freeze
+  Styles = %i[bold italic underline blink flash inverse hidden strikethrough].freeze
+  SeventySpacesString = ' ' * 70
+
+  def ColorSub
+    style :bold
+    print "bold"
+    unstyle :bold
+    new_line
+
+    color :black_on_white
+    bgcolor :white
+    print "black on white"
+    unbgcolor :white
+    uncolor :black_on_white
+    new_line
+
+    Colors.each do |color_name|
+      color(color_name); print color_name.to_s; uncolor(color_name); new_line
+    end
+
+    Colors.each do |color_name|
+      bgcolor(color_name); print SeventySpacesString; unbgcolor(color_name); new_line
+    end
+
+    Styles.each do |style_name|
+      style(style_name); print style_name.to_s; unstyle(style_name); new_line
+    end
+
+    false
+  end
+
+  def CommandsSub
+    more(many_per_line(Inform::Grammar::Verbs.all(@player)))
+  end
+
+  def CommandsByModeSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    return CommandsSub() if special.nil? || (special.to_sym == :admin && !@player.admin?)
+    more(many_per_line(Inform::Grammar::Verbs.by_mode(special)))
+  end
+
+  def ConnectionsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    if noun
+      println "#{player} #=> #{player.connections}"
+      return true
+    end
+    Session.players.each do |player|
+      println "#{player} #=> #{player.connections}"
+    end
+    true
+  end
+
+  def CopySub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    if noun
+      o = noun.clone
+      @player << o
+      PronounNotice(o)
+      "You create a copy of " + the(noun) + "."
+    else
+      "Sorry, that could not be copied."
+    end
+  end
+
+  def CreateSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    words = text.split
+    words.shift while Inform::English::Articles.include?(words.first)
+    name = words.join(' ').strip
+    return "Creation failed." if name.empty?
+    o = Inform::Object.new(name: name)
+    @player << o
+    PronounNotice(o)
+    "You create " + a(o) + "!"
+  end
+
+  def CreateBeforeSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    "You are trying to " + text + " when you " + special + " " + the(second) + "."
+  end
+
+  def CreateBeforeRoomSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    "When you " + special + " " + the(location) + ", you will be informed that \"" + text + "\""
+  end
+
+  def CreateDoorSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    return unless noun.respond_to? :door_dir
+    here = location
+    room = here.linkto(noun.door_dir)
+    unless room
+      room = Room.create
+      room.description = "There is nothing here yet."
+      room.save
+      room.name = "Room #{room.id}"
+      room.save
+      room.link :author, @player
+    end
+
+    door = Door.new(name: text || 'door')
+    here << door
+    room << door.portal
+    door.to room
+
+    opposite_direc = Inform::English::CompassDirectionOpposites[noun]
+    door.door_dir = noun.door_dir
+    door.portal.door_dir = opposite_direc.door_dir
+    here.link noun.door_dir, door
+    room.link opposite_direc.door_dir, door.portal
+    room.refresh
+    here.refresh
+
+    PronounNotice(door.portal)
+    _invoke :Goto, room
+  end
+
+  def CreateRoomSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    room = Room.create
+    room.description = "There is nothing here yet."
+    room.save
+    room.name = text ? text.titleize : "Room #{room.id}"
+    room.save
+    room.link :author, @player
+
+    # Links
+    if !noun.nil? && !second.nil? && [noun, second].all? { |a| a.respond_to? :door_dir }
+      parent(@player).link noun.door_dir, room
+      room.link second.door_dir, parent(@player)
+    elsif !noun.nil?
+      parent(@player).link noun.door_dir, room
+      room.link Inform::English::CompassDirectionOpposites[noun].door_dir, parent(@player)
+    end
+
+    _invoke :Goto, room
+  end
+
+  def CreatePairSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    words = text.split
+    words.shift while Inform::English::Articles.include?(words.first)
+    name = words.join(' ').strip
+    return "Creation failed." if name.empty?
+    o = Pairable::Pair.new(name: name)
+    @player << o
+    PronounNotice(o)
+    "You create " + a(o) + "!"
+  end
+
+  def DebugSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    if special_number1
+      prefs = @player.&:preferences
+      prefs.parser_trace = special_number1 if prefs
+      debug special_number1
+      println "Set parser trace to level #{@parser_trace}."
+    else
+      debug
+    end
+
+    if defined? DEBUG
+      "Debugging is on."
+    else
+      "Debugging is off."
+    end
+  end
+
+  def DeleteSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    # Never remove stuff like Compass directions or the dark
+    return "Sorry, " + the(noun) + " is a library object." if noun.sysobj?
+
+    noun.remove
+    The(noun) + " has been removed."
+  end
+
+  def DescendantsSub(include_system_objects = nil)
+    include_system_objects = false if include_system_objects.nil?
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    o = noun.object? ? noun : @player
+    d = o.descendants
+    if include_system_objects
+      system_descendants = o.sys_children + o.sys_children.map(&:descendants).flatten
+      d |= system_descendants
+    end
+    unless special.nil?
+      converter = format(ConverterTemplate, data_format: special).to_sym
+      return d.send(converter, { include: %i[tagged modularized] }) if d.respond_to? converter
+    end
+    if d.empty?
+      "None"
+    else
+      d.identities
+    end
+  end
+
+  def AllDescendantsSub
+    DescendantsSub(true)
+  end
+
+  def ClearDescriptionSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    noun.description = noun == location ? "There is nothing here yet." : nil
+    noun.save
+    println The(noun) + " is now described as the following:"
+    return PlayerTo(noun, 2) if noun == location
+    _invoke :Examine, noun
+  end
+
+  def DescribeSub(obj = noun)
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    if !obj.nil? && !text.nil?
+      reset_prompt
+      obj.description = capitalize_sentences(ensure_punctuation(text))
+      obj.save
+      new_line
+      println The(obj) + " is now described as the following:"
+      return PlayerTo(obj, 2) if obj == location
+      _invoke :Examine, obj
+    elsif !solicited?
+      solicit "By all means, describe " + the(obj) + ": "
+    end
+  end
+
+  def DescribeRoomSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    DescribeSub(location)
+  end
+
+  def ClearRoomDescriptionSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    _invoke :ClearDescription, location
+  end
+
+  DefaultPurgeSubParams = { force: false }.freeze
+
+  def PurgeSub(params = {})
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    params = DefaultPurgeSubParams.merge(params)
+    force = params[:force]
+    # Stuff like Compass directions or the dark may not be destroyed
+    return "Sorry, " + the(noun) + " (#{noun.identity}) is a library object." if noun.sysobj?
+
+    # The player must explicitly remove the :prized attribute from an
+    # object before destroying it
+    return The(noun) + " (#{noun.identity}) is a prized object." if noun.has? :prized
+
+    # Require confirmation when destroying character objects
+    if noun.is_a?(Character) && !force && !asked?
+      return yesorno "Are you sure you want to destroy the database record for the " +
+        "character #{noun} (#{noun.identity})? "
+    end
+
+    # TODO: Also check descendants of rooms in a hub area or region being destroyed
+    if noun.descendants.any? { |o| o.is_a? Character } && !force
+      return "One or more Characters occupying " + the(noun) + " (#{noun.identity}) must " +
+        "be destroyed individually."
+    end
+
+    PlayerTo(@player.spawn_point) if noun == parent(@player)
+    message = "You have destroyed the database record for " + the(noun) + " (#{noun.identity})."
+    destroy noun
+    message
+  end
+
+  def PurgeDangerouslySub
+    PurgeSub(force: true)
+  end
+
+  def PurgeAllOrphansSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    return ask "Are you sure you want to purge all orphaned objects?" unless asked?
+    for obj in Inform::Object.all
+      next if obj.is_a?(Character) || obj.is_a?(Room)
+      unless obj.parent
+        destroy obj
+        println "You have destroyed the database record for " + a(obj) + "."
+      end
+    end
+    "Done purging orphaned objects from the database."
+  end
+
+  def ExportSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    # Never export stuff like Compass directions or the dark
+    return "Sorry, " + the(noun) + " is a library object." if noun.sysobj?
+
+    type = special ? special.to_sym : :xml
+
+    if export noun, type
+      "Exported " + a(noun) + " [#{noun.identity}] as #{type}."
+    else
+      "Failed to export " + a(noun) + " [#{noun.identity}] as #{type}."
+    end
+  end
+
+  def ImportSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    file = text
+    return "Specify a file for importing." if file.nil?
+    return "That's not a file." unless File.exist? file
+
+    obj = import_object file
+    return "Import failed." if obj.nil?
+    println obj.inspect
+
+    move obj, @player
+    "Imported " + a(obj) + " [" + obj.identity + "]."
+  end
+
+  def FetchSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    return "Your search - #{text} - did not match any objects." unless noun
+
+    # Never fetch stuff like Compass directions or the dark
+    return "Sorry, " + the(noun) + " is a library object." if noun.sysobj?
+
+    move noun, @player
+    PronounNotice(noun)
+    "Fetched " + a(noun) + " [" + noun.identity + "]."
+  end
+
+  def FindSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    return "Your search - #{text} - did not match any objects." if @search_results.empty?
+    n = @search_results.count
+    println "#{n} " + pluralize("instance", n) + " found."
+    @search_results.each do |obj|
+      print "Found " + a(obj) + " [" + obj.identity + "]"
+      if (parent_obj = parent(obj))
+        if parent_obj.has?(:supporter) then print " on "
+        else print " in "
+        end
+        print a(parent_obj) + " [" + parent_obj.identity + "]"
+      end
+      println "."
+    end
+    false
+  end
+
+  def FindByClassSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    results = Inform::Object.where(Sequel.like(:object_type, "%#{special}%")).order(:name, :id)
+    return "Your search - class #{special} - did not match any objects." if results.empty?
+    n = results.count
+    println "#{n} " + pluralize("instance", n) + " found."
+    results.each do |obj|
+      print "Found " + a(obj) + " [" + obj.identity + "]"
+      print " in " + a(parent(obj)) + " [" + parent(obj).identity + "]" if parent(obj)
+      println "."
+    end
+    false
+  end
+
+  def FindByPropertySub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    query = text == 'anything' ? '' : text
+    results = Inform::Object.where(Sequel.like(:properties, "%:#{special}: #{query}%")).order(:name, :id)
+    return "Your search - for object #{special} set to #{text} - did not match any objects." if results.empty?
+    n = results.count
+    println "#{n} " + pluralize("instance", n) + " found."
+    results.each do |obj|
+      print "Found " + a(obj) + " [" + obj.identity + "]"
+      print " in " + a(parent(obj)) + " [" + parent(obj).identity + "]" if parent(obj)
+      println "."
+    end
+    false
+  end
+
+  def FindByDescriptionSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    query = text == 'anything' ? '' : text
+    results = Inform::Object.where(Sequel.like(:description, "%#{query}%")).order(:name, :id)
+    return "Your search - for object.description set to #{text} - did not match any objects." if results.empty?
+    n = results.count
+    println "#{n} " + pluralize("instance", n) + " found."
+    results.each do |obj|
+      print "Found " + a(obj) + " [" + obj.identity + "]"
+      print " in " + a(parent(obj)) + " [" + parent(obj).identity + "]" if parent(obj)
+      println "."
+    end
+    false
+  end
+
+  def find_by_tag_name(tag_name)
+    Inform::Object.select_all(:object)
+      .join(:tagged, object_id: :id)
+      .join(:tag, id: :tag_id)
+      .where([[Sequel[:tag][:name], tag_name]].to_h).order(:name, :id)
+  end
+
+  def FindByAttributeSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    results = find_by_tag_name(special.to_s)
+    return "Your search - for objects having #{special} - did not match any objects." if results.empty?
+    n = results.count
+    println "#{n} " + pluralize("instance", n) + " found."
+    results.each do |obj|
+      print "Found " + a(obj) + " [" + obj.identity + "]"
+      print " in " + a(parent(obj)) + " [" + parent(obj).identity + "]" if parent(obj)
+      println "."
+    end
+    false
+  end
+
+  def find_by_module_name(module_name)
+    Inform::Object.select_all(:object)
+      .join(:modularized, object_id: :id)
+      .join(:module, id: :module_id)
+      .where([[Sequel[:module][:name], module_name]].to_h).order(:name, :id)
+  end
+
+  def FindByModuleSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    results = find_by_module_name(special.to_s)
+    return "Your search - for objects with the #{special} module - did not match any objects." if results.empty?
+    n = results.count
+    println "#{n} " + pluralize("instance", n) + " found."
+    results.each do |obj|
+      print "Found " + a(obj) + " [" + obj.identity + "]"
+      print " in " + a(parent(obj)) + " [" + parent(obj).identity + "]" if parent(obj)
+      println "."
+    end
+    false
+  end
+
+  def find_by_link_name_or_linked(link_name, linked_obj)
+    return Inform::Link.where([[Sequel[:link][:name], link_name]].to_h).order(:name, :id).all if linked_obj.nil?
+    Inform::Link.where(
+      Sequel.expr([[Sequel[:link][:name], link_name]].to_h) & (
+        Sequel.expr([[Sequel[:link][:from_id], linked_obj.id]].to_h) |
+        Sequel.expr([[Sequel[:link][:to_id], linked_obj.id]].to_h)
+      )
+    ).order(:name, :id)
+  end
+
+  def FindByLinkSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    results = find_by_link_name_or_linked(special.to_s, second)
+    return "Your search - for objects linked through #{special} - did not match any objects." if results.empty?
+    n = results.count
+    println "#{n} " + pluralize("instance", n) + " found."
+    results.each do |link|
+      obj = link.from
+      print "Found " + a(obj) + " [" + obj.identity + "]"
+      print " in " + a(parent(obj)) + " [" + parent(obj).identity + "]" if parent(obj)
+      print " linked to " + a(link.to) + " through " + link.name
+      println "."
+    end
+    false
+  end
+
+  def FlushSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    flush_automatically
+
+    if defined? FLUSH_IO_INSTANTLY
+      "IO will always flush."
+    else
+      "IO will buffer."
+    end
+  end
+
+  def ReadmeSub
+    file_path = 'README.md'
+    println markdown_metadata(file_path)
+    `cat #{file_path}`
+  end
+
+  def GenerateSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    "Not yet implemented."
+  end
+
+  def RegenerateSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    "Not yet implemented."
+  end
+
+  def GrammarsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    Inform.load_grammars
+    "Reloaded grammar specifications."
+  end
+
+  def ReturnSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    destination = @player.linkto :previous_location
+    return "[Not a safe place.]" unless destination.is_a?(Inform::Object)
+    return "Cannot go to there." if destination == @player
+    PlayerTo(destination)
+  end
+
+  def HelpSub
+    return "That's not how life works." unless topic
+    verb = Inform::Grammar::Verbs.lookup topic.to_s, @player
+    if verb
+      "\e[51m#{verb}\e[56m"
+    else
+      "No help on that topic."
+    end
+  end
+
+  def htop
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    "Not yet implemented."
+    # htop_path = `which htop`.strip
+    # if htop_path.empty?
+    #   if macos?
+    #     return "Please install htop from: https://github.com/htop-dev/htop.git"
+    #   else
+    #     return "Please install htop : sudo apt install htop"
+    #   end
+    # end
+    # println "#{htop_path}"
+    # output = IO.popen(htop_path, "r+") do |pipe|
+    #   println pipe.readlines.join("\n")
+    #   pipe.write "q"
+    #   pipe.flush
+    #   pipe.close_write
+    #   begin
+    #     pipe.read
+    #   rescue StandardError => e
+    #     log.warn e.message
+    #   end
+    # end
+    # output = IO.popen(htop_path, "r+") do |pipe|
+    #   out pipe.readlines.join("\n")
+    #   pipe.write "q"
+    #   pipe.flush
+    #   pipe.close_write
+    #   begin
+    #     pipe.read
+    #   rescue StandardError => e
+    #     log.warn e.message
+    #   end
+    # end
+    # true
+  end
+
+  def HistorySub
+    history = @player.inflib&.history
+    return "Your history is empty." if history.respond_to?(:empty?) && history.empty?
+    return history.join(Newline) if history.respond_to?(:join) && special_number1.nil?
+    @history_limit = special_number1
+    "You will now remember #{@history_limit} commands in your history."
+  end
+
+  def IdentifySub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    noun.identity
+  end
+
+  def IdentitiesSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    return GlobalSequelIdentityMap.inspect if defined? GlobalSequelIdentityMap
+    "Identity mapping is not enabled."
+  end
+
+  InspectTemplate = %(%<short_name>s:
+  name: %<name>s
+  id: %<id>s
+  class: %<classification>s
+  description: %<description>s
+  parent: %<parent>s
+  children: %<children>s
+  created: %<created_at>s
+  modifed: %<modified_at>s
+  properties:
+    %<properties>s
+
+  attributes:
+    %<attributes>s
+
+  links:
+    %<links>s
+
+  modules:
+    %<modules>s).freeze
+
+  ObjectReprTemplate = '%<obj>s [%<identity>s]'.freeze
+  ObjectInspectFields = %i[
+    id classification description short_name name parent children created_at modified_at
+    properties attributes links modules
+  ].freeze
+  DefaultObjectValues = ObjectInspectFields.each_with_object({}) { |key, memo| memo[key] = 'none' }
+  InspectDelimiter = %(\n    ).freeze
+  PropertyReprTemplate = '%<key>s: %<value>s'.freeze
+
+  def InspectSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    raise Parser::CantSee if noun.nil?
+    noun.refresh if noun.respond_to? :refresh
+
+    object_field_values = {}
+    object_field_values[:id] = noun.id
+    object_field_values[:classification] = noun.classification
+    object_field_values[:description] = noun.values[:description] unless noun.values[:description].empty?
+    object_field_values[:short_name] = noun.short_name if !noun.short_name.nil? && !noun.short_name.empty?
+    object_field_values[:name] = noun.name_words
+    object_field_values[:created_at] = noun.created_at
+    object_field_values[:modified_at] = noun.modified_at
+    unless (pobj = parent(noun)).nil?
+      object_field_values[:parent] = format(ObjectReprTemplate, obj: pobj, identity: pobj.identity)
+    end
+    unless noun.children.empty?
+      object_field_values[:children] = noun.children.sort.map do |obj|
+        format(ObjectReprTemplate, obj: obj, identity: obj.identity)
+      end
+    end
+    unless noun.properties.empty?
+      properties = noun.properties.sort.map do |key, value|
+        format(PropertyReprTemplate, key: key, value: value)
+      end
+      object_field_values[:properties] = properties.join(InspectDelimiter)
+    end
+    unless noun.attributes.empty?
+      object_field_values[:attributes] = noun.attributes.sort.join(InspectDelimiter)
+    end
+    object_field_values[:links] = noun.links.sort.join(InspectDelimiter) unless noun.links.empty?
+    object_field_values[:modules] = noun.modules.sort.map(&:name).join(InspectDelimiter) unless noun.modules.empty?
+
+    format(InspectTemplate, **DefaultObjectValues, **object_field_values)
+  end
+
+  def InspectLocationSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    invoke :Inspect, location
+  end
+
+  def InspectParentSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    invoke :Inspect, parent(@player)
+  end
+
+  def InspectModuleSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    mod = find_module(special.capitalize)
+    return "No such module." if mod.nil?
+    mod.ancestors.reverse.collect { |m| m.instance_methods(false) }.flatten
+  end
+
+  def RequestAssistanceSub
+    a = admins
+    failure_message = "[There are currently no admins available. Please try again later.]"
+    unless Inform::Game.config.include?(:admin_email)
+      log.error "Please define AdminEmail in the Configuration module."
+      return failure_message
+    end
+    if a.empty?
+      return "#{failure_message}\n" +
+        "[You may also try sending an e-mail to: #{Inform::Game.config[:admin_email]}]"
+    end
+    a.inform "Assistance request from #{@player.name} (#{@player.id}) " +
+      "in " + the(location) + "(#{location.id}) at #{Time.now}"
+    "[The admins have been informed of your request for assistance.]"
+  end
+
+  def InterruptSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    if !noun.nil?
+      noun.interrupt
+      "You interrupt " + the(noun) + "."
+    else
+      @player.interrupt
+      "You interrupt yourself."
+    end
+  end
+
+  def LibrariesSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    InformLibrary.libraries.each do |k, v|
+      println "#{k} => #{v.identity} #{v}"
+    end
+    true
+  end
+
+  ProtectedLinks = %i[author].freeze
+
+  def LinkSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    if special == noun
+      to = second
+      from = parent(@player)
+      link = special.nil? || second.nil? ? noun.&(:door_dir) : special
+    elsif !special.nil? && !noun.nil? && !second.nil?
+      link = special
+      from = noun
+      to = second
+    elsif !special.nil? && !noun.nil?
+      link = special
+      from = parent(@player)
+      to = noun
+    else
+      link = noun.&:door_dir
+      from = parent(@player)
+      to = second
+    end
+
+    if link.nil? || from.nil? || to.nil?
+      "Sorry, I'm having trouble figuring out what you want to " \
+        "link. (This is probably a bug.)"
+    else
+      from.link(link, to)
+      "You link " + the(from) + " to " + the(to) + " through #{link}."
+    end
+  end
+
+  def ListTogetherSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    return "Only two objects may be listed together." if noun.nil? || second.nil?
+    noun.link :list_together, second
+    second.link :list_together, noun
+    The(from) + " and " + the(to) + " will now be listed together."
+  end
+
+  def UnlinkSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    if !noun.nil? && noun != special
+      if !special.nil?
+        link = special
+        from = noun
+      else
+        link = noun.&:door_dir
+        from = parent(@player)
+      end
+    else
+      link = special
+      from = parent(@player) || @player
+    end
+    if link.nil? || from.nil?
+      return "Sorry, I'm having trouble figuring out what you want to unlink. " \
+        "(This is probably a bug.)"
+    end
+    return "Sorry, that's a protected link." if ProtectedLinks.include?(link.to_sym) && !@player.admin?
+
+    to = from.unlink link
+    "The #{link} link between " + the(from) + " and " + the(to) + " has been severed."
+  end
+
+  def LocateSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    parent_obj = parent(noun)
+    A(noun) + " is in " + a(parent_obj) + " [" + parent_obj.identity + "]."
+  end
+
+  def LocationSub
+    obj = location
+    unless special.nil?
+      converter = format(ConverterTemplate, data_format: special).to_sym
+      return obj.send(converter, { include: %i[tagged modularized] }) if obj.respond_to? converter
+    end
+    "Your location is " + the(obj) + "."
+  end
+
+  def LoginSub
+    AfterRoutines()
+    true
+  end
+
+  def MaterializeSub
+    AfterRoutines()
+    true
+  end
+
+  def LogsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    `tail -n#{special_number1 || 20} #{ServerLogFile}`
+  end
+
+  def all_other_players
+    Session.players - [@player]
+  end
+
+  def MassBootSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    players = all_other_players
+    return "No other connections to drop." if players.empty?
+    players.each { |player| Session.of(player).disconnect }
+    "Dropped other connections."
+  end
+
+  def CacheSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    return "Caching is not enabled." unless defined? GlobalCache
+    GlobalCache.values.map(&:id)
+  end
+
+  def ModulesSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    l = noun.modules.map(&:name)
+    return The(noun) + " has no special modules." if l.empty?
+    The(noun) + " is imbued with the #{l} module" + (l.length > 1 ? 's' : '') + "."
+  end
+
+  def ApplyBehaviorSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    if !special.nil? && !noun.nil?
+      mod = find_module(special)
+      mod ||= find_module(special.capitalize)
+      return "No such module." if mod.nil? || !mod.is_a?(Module)
+      return The(noun) + " is already imbued with the #{mod} module." if noun.is_a?(mod)
+      noun.mod mod
+      if defined?(DEBUG)
+        mod.instance_methods.each do |method|
+          println "#{noun} now responds to #{method}" if noun.respond_to?(method)
+        end
+        println "Is " + the(noun) + " now a #{mod}? #{noun.is_a? mod}."
+      end
+      "You have added the #{mod} module to " + the(noun) + "."
+    elsif !noun.nil?
+      ModulesSub()
+    else
+      "Module application failed."
+    end
+  end
+
+  def RemoveBehaviorSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    if !special.nil? && !noun.nil?
+      mod = find_module special
+      mod ||= find_module special.capitalize
+      println "No such module." unless !mod.nil? && mod.is_a?(Module)
+      if !mod.nil? && mod.is_a?(Module)
+        return The(noun) + " is not imbued with the #{mod} module." unless noun.is_a? mod
+      else
+        mod = 'unknown'
+      end
+      noun.unmod special
+      if defined? DEBUG
+        mod.instance_methods.each do |method|
+          println "#{noun} now responds to #{method}" if noun.respond_to? method
+        end
+        println "Is " + the(noun) + " now a #{mod}? #{noun.is_a? mod}."
+      end
+      "You have removed the #{mod} module from " + the(noun) + "."
+    elsif noun
+      ModulesSub()
+    else
+      "Module removal failed."
+    end
+  end
+
+  def motd
+    motd_file = File.new(MudLib::MOTD_FILE_PATH)
+    require motd_file
+
+    %(#{MOTD}
+The current time is now #{Time.new}.)
+  end
+
+  def NameSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    return @player.name if noun.nil?
+    return noun.name if text.nil?
+
+    the_old_name = the(noun)
+    log.warn "#{self}.NameSub text: #{text}"
+    noun.short_name = text
+    noun.save
+    PlayerTo(noun, 1) if noun == location
+    "You rename " + the_old_name + " to " + a(noun) + "."
+  end
+
+  def NameRoomSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    log.warn "#{self}.NameRoomSub text: #{text}"
+    _invoke :Name, location, text[0].capitalize + text[1..]
+  end
+
+  def Places1Sub
+    unless special.nil?
+      dataset = Inform::Room.naked.all
+      converter = format(ConverterTemplate, data_format: special).to_sym
+      return dataset.send(converter, { include: %i[tagged modularized] }) if dataset.respond_to? converter
+    end
+    Inform::Room.order(:name).all.identities
+  end
+
+  def Objects1Sub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    # TODO: Support pagination
+    if ObjectSpace.enabled?
+      s = ''
+      ObjectSpace.each_object(Inform::Object) { |x| s << x + ", " }
+      return s[0..-3]
+    end
+    unless special.nil?
+      dataset = Inform::Object.naked.all
+      converter = format(ConverterTemplate, data_format: special).to_sym
+      return dataset.send(converter, { include: %i[tagged modularized] }) if dataset.respond_to? converter
+    end
+    Inform::Object.order(:name).all.identities
+  end
+
+  def OnSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    "You are trying to make " + the(noun) + " " + text + " when the player does a " + special + " to it."
+  end
+
+  def OptionsSub
+    opts = @player.&:preferences
+    return "You can't set preferences." if opts.nil?
+    if !special.nil? && !text.nil?
+      text = nil if text == 'nothing'
+      opts.&(special, text)
+    end
+    %(#{opts}:
+  #{opts.properties.to_yaml})
+  end
+
+  def os
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    "The operating system of this server is " + java.lang.System.getProperty('os.name') + "."
+  end
+
+  def PredictableSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    setrandom 100
+    "[Random number generator now predictable.]"
+  end
+
+  def SpecificallyPredictableSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    setrandom special_number1.to_i
+    "[Random number generator now predictable.]"
+  end
+
+  def PrepositionsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    Inform::English::Prepositions
+  end
+
+  def ProceedSub
+    return "Not implemented." unless @player.respond_to? :proceed
+    @player.proceed
+  end
+
+  def ProcsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    available_processors
+  end
+
+  def CpuSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    `ps -p #{pid} -o %cpu | tail -n1 | tr -s ' ' | cut -d ' ' -f 2`
+  end
+
+  def ProfileSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    bytes = memory_usage + ' B'
+    if !special.nil? && defined?(Unit)
+      unit_name = special.length <= 2 ? special.upcase : special
+      bytes = Unit.new(bytes).to(unit_name).to_s
+    end
+    Story + " is using #{bytes.to_human} of memory."
+  rescue ArgumentError
+    "The unit given is invalid."
+  end
+
+  def ReferenceSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    the_old_name = the(noun)
+    noun.values[:name] = text
+    noun.save
+    print "You may now refer to " + the_old_name + " as "
+    synonyms = text.split(/[,\s]+/)
+    if synonyms.length > 1
+      synonyms[0..-2].each do |s|
+        print "'" + s + "', "
+      end
+      print "or "
+    end
+    "'#{synonyms.last}'."
+  end
+
+  def RefreshSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    noun.refresh
+    noun.tags
+    "Refreshed " + the(noun) + "."
+  end
+
+  def reload_feature_safely(feature)
+    reload_feature(feature)
+    println "Reloaded #{feature}"
+  rescue StandardError => e
+    println "Failed to reload #{feature}: #{e.message}"
+  end
+
+  def reload
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    reload_feature_safely(EntryPoint)
+
+    features = ['inform.rb', 'english.rb', 'metaverbs.rb', 'emotes.rb', 'verbs.rb']
+    features.each do |feature|
+      reload_feature_safely(feature)
+    end
+
+    println "Reloading grammars..."
+    Inform.load_grammar 'grammar'
+    Inform.load_grammar 'emotes'
+
+    Inform.reload_game
+
+    "Done reloading."
+  end
+
+  def GarbageCollectionSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    add_event(delay: 1) do
+      collect_garbage
+      println "Garbage collection complete."
+    end
+    "Having the Java Virtual Machine collect its garbage..."
+  end
+
+  def LibraryMethodsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    Inform::Library.methods_index
+  end
+
+  def MethodSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    m = special.to_sym
+    print "The method ##{m}(...) is "
+    if noun
+      print "not " unless noun.respond_to?(m)
+      "available on " + the(noun) + "."
+    else
+      print "not " unless Inform::Library.methods_index.include?(m)
+      "available."
+    end
+  end
+
+  def ResetSub
+    noun.properties.clear
+    noun.save
+    "You have reset the properties for " + the(noun) + "."
+  end
+
+  def RestartSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    if time
+      println "Time: #{time}"
+    elsif special_number1
+      println "Number: #{special_number1}"
+    end
+    add_event(delay: 2.0) do
+      Session.players.inform "[ Broadcast: Scheduled server restart. ]"
+      Session.players.each do |player|
+        Session.of(player).disconnect "Server is restarting."
+      end
+      sleep 1
+      builder = java.lang.ProcessBuilder.new('./zmud')
+      builder.start()
+      java.lang.System.exit(0)
+    end
+    "Scheduled server restart."
+  end
+
+  def RestoreSub(save_dir_path = Inform::Runtime.database_saves_dir_path)
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p(save_dir_path)
+    default_restore_file = `ls -t #{save_dir_path}`.strip.split.first
+
+    return solicit("Enter a file path.\nDefault is \"#{default_restore_file}\": ") unless solicited?
+
+    save_file_name = text.empty? ? default_restore_file : text
+    save_file_path = File.join(save_dir_path, save_file_name)
+    return println L__M(:Restore, 1) unless File.exist?(save_file_path)
+    restoration_successful = restore(save_file_path)
+    return println L__M(:Restore, 1) unless restoration_successful
+    println "Restored."
+    prompt
+    session.state = :playing
+  end
+
+  def restore(file_path)
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    restore_cmd = []
+    restore_cmd << File.join('scripts', 'restore.rb')
+    restore_cmd << file_path
+    # restore_cmd << "--wet-run"
+    restore_cmd = restore_cmd.join(' ')
+    result = `#{restore_cmd}`.strip
+    log.debug "Restored: #{result}"
+    result == :specific
+  end
+
+  # TODO: Implement unit test for this TESTME
+  def RegionsScope
+    case @scope_stage
+    when 1 then false # Return single objects only
+    when 2
+      regions = Inform::Object.where(object_type: 'Region').all
+      ScopeWithin(regions); true
+    when 3 then L__M(:Take, 8) # TODO: This is broken somehow FIXME
+    end
+  end
+
+  def RegionSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    return "For some reason your location cannot be determined." if location.nil?
+    location.link :region, noun if !noun.nil? && noun.is_a?(Region)
+    region = location.linkto :region
+    loop do
+      break if parent(region).nil?
+      println "You are in a sub-region called " + A(region) + " [#{region.identity}]."
+      region = parent(region)
+    end
+    return "This room does not belong to any region." if region.nil?
+    "The main region here is called " + A(region) + " [#{region.identity}]."
+  end
+
+  def RegionsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    regions = Inform::Object.where(object_type: 'Region').order(:name).all
+    return "There are no regions." if regions.empty?
+    println "The following regions are available:"
+    regions.identities
+  end
+
+  def RoomsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    unless special.nil?
+      dataset = Room.naked.all
+      converter = format(ConverterTemplate, data_format: special).to_sym
+      return dataset.send(converter, { include: %i[tagged modularized] }) if dataset.respond_to? converter
+    end
+    Room.all.identities
+  end
+
+  def RootSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    obj = noun || @player
+    root = obj.root
+    "The root of " + the(obj) + " is " + a(root) + " [" + root.identity + "]."
+  end
+
+  def SaveSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    return "It would take a very long time to save everything at once." if noun.nil?
+    noun.save
+    The(noun) + " has been saved."
+  end
+
+  def send_email(to, from, subject, message = '', attachment = nil)
+    email_cmd = []
+    email_cmd << 'scripts/email.rb'
+    email_cmd << %(--to="#{to}")
+    email_cmd << %(--from="#{from}")
+    email_cmd << %(--subject="#{subject}")
+    email_cmd << %(--message="#{message}")
+    email_cmd << %(--attachment="#{attachment}")
+    email_cmd = email_cmd.join(' ')
+    `#{email_cmd}`.strip
+  end
+
+  def SessionsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    Session.players.each do |player|
+      session = Session.of(player)
+      println "#{player} #=> #{session} [#{session.status}:#{session.state}]"
+    end
+    true
+  end
+
+  def SiblingsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    o = noun.object? ? noun : @player
+    s = o.siblings
+    unless special.nil?
+      converter = format(ConverterTemplate, data_format: special).to_sym
+      return s.send(converter, { include: %i[tagged modularized] }) if s.respond_to? converter
+    end
+    s.sort.identities
+  end
+
+  # override :InformShowVerbSub, :ShowVerbSub
+  def ShowVerbSub
+    log.warn "#{self}.Metaverbs#ShowVerbSub"
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    InformShowVerbSub()
+  end
+
+  # override :InformShowobjSub, :ShowobjSub
+  def ShowobjSub
+    log.warn "#{self}.Metaverbs#ShowobjSub"
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    InformShowobjSub()
+  end
+
+  def StateSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    if !noun.nil? && noun != special
+      return The(noun) + " has no session." unless noun.respond_to?(:session) && !noun.session.nil?
+      noun.session_state = noun.session.state = special.to_sym if special
+      The(noun) + "'s session's state is #{noun.session.state}."
+    else
+      return "Your character has no session." unless @player.respond_to?(:session) && !@player.session.nil?
+      @player.session_state = @player.session.state = special.to_sym unless special.nil?
+      "Your session's state is #{@player.session.state}."
+    end
+  end
+
+  def SystemObjectsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    Inform::SystemObjects.values.map(&:name)
+  end
+
+  def SystemSpecsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    class_loader_methods = (class_loader.methods - Object.methods).grep(/get_.*/).sort
+    class_loader_parent = class_loader.get_parent()
+    class_loader_grandparent = class_loader_parent.get_parent()
+    class_loader_great_grandparent = class_loader_grandparent.get_parent()
+    println "JRuby:"
+    println "  Class loader:"
+    println "    #{class_loader} (#{class_loader.inspect})"
+    println "  Classloader methods:"
+    println class_loader_methods.inspect
+    println "  Classpath:"
+    println "    #{$CLASSPATH}"
+    println "  Packages:"
+    class_loader.packages.each        { |x| println "    #{x}" }
+    println "  URLs:"
+    class_loader.getURLs().each       { |x| println "    #{x}" }
+    println "  Parent:"
+    println "    #{class_loader_parent} (#{class_loader_parent.inspect})"
+    println "  Grandparent:"
+    println "    #{class_loader_grandparent} (#{class_loader_grandparent.inspect})"
+    println "  Great-grandparent:"
+    println "    #{class_loader_great_grandparent} (#{class_loader_great_grandparent.inspect})"
+
+    println
+    println "  Runtime:"
+    println "    #{JRuby.runtime} (#{JRuby.runtime.inspect})"
+    println "  Runtime methods:"
+    println "    #{(JRuby.runtime.methods - Object.methods).grep(/get_.*/).sort.inspect}"
+    println
+    println "  Object space:"
+    println "    #{object_space} (#{object_space.inspect})"
+    println "    #{(object_space.methods - Object.methods).grep(/get_.*/).sort.inspect}"
+    println
+    println "  Load service:"
+    println "    #{load_service} (#{load_service.inspect})"
+    println "  Load service features:"
+    load_service.loaded_features.each { |x| println "    #{x}" }
+    println "  Load service methods:"
+    println "    #{(load_service.methods - Object.methods).grep(/get_.*/).sort.inspect}"
+    true
+  end
+
+  def ShutdownSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    if !time.nil?
+      println "Time: #{time}"
+    elsif !special_number1.nil?
+      println "Number: #{special_number1}"
+    end
+    add_event(delay: 2.0) do
+      Session.players.inform "[ Broadcast: Shutting down. ]"
+      Session.players.each do |player|
+        Session.of(player).disconnect "Server is shutting down."
+      end
+      sleep 1
+      java.lang.System.exit(0)
+    end
+    "Scheduled server shutdown."
+  end
+  alias shutdown ShutdownSub
+  alias shut_down shutdown
+
+  def StackTraceSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    caller.join("\n")
+  end
+
+  def SubscribersSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless player.admin?
+    if noun.nil?
+      Inform::Subscribers::ALL.each do |key, value|
+        println "#{key} #=> #{value}"
+      end
+    else
+      noun.subscribers.each do |subscriber|
+        println subscriber.to_s
+      end
+    end
+    true
+  end
+
+  def TagsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    if noun.attributes.empty?
+      The(noun) + " has no attributes."
+    else
+      The(noun) + " has " + noun.attributes.join(' ') + "."
+    end
+  end
+
+  ProtectedTags = %w[admin builder].freeze
+
+  def TagSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    attributes = text ? text.split : []
+    attributes -= language_descriptors.keys
+    attributes -= ProtectedTags unless @player.admin?
+    unless attributes.empty?
+      if attributes.any? { |a| /^!/.match?(a) }
+        attributes.each do |attribute|
+          if attribute.gsub!(/(not|!)/, '')
+            take noun, attribute.to_sym
+          else
+            give noun, attribute.to_sym
+          end
+        end
+      else
+        give noun, attributes
+      end
+    end
+    TagsSub()
+  end
+
+  def UntagSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    attributes = text ? text.split : []
+    attributes -= language_descriptors.keys
+    attributes -= ProtectedTags unless @player.admin?
+    unless attributes.empty?
+      take noun, attributes unless attributes.empty?
+      println The(noun) + " no longer has " + attributes.join(' ') + "."
+    end
+    TagsSub()
+  end
+
+  def TagRoomSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    invoke :Tag, location, text
+  end
+
+  def UntagRoomSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    invoke :Untag, location, text
+  end
+
+  def UsersSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    Account.select(:username).all.map(&:username)
+  end
+
+  def CreateUserSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    account = Account.find(username: text)
+    return "There is already an account with that username." unless account.nil?
+    account = Account.create(username: text)
+    return "Failed to create account." if account.nil?
+    "Created account for #{account.username}."
+  end
+
+  def DeleteUserSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    account = Account.find(username: text)
+    return "There is no account with that username." if account.nil?
+    return ask("Are you sure you want to delete the account for #{text}?") unless asked?
+    if account.destroy
+      "Deleted account for #{account.username}."
+    else
+      "Failed to delete account."
+    end
+  end
+
+  def PasswordSub
+    if session[:account].nil? && session[:password].nil?
+      account = Account.find_by_character @player
+      return "There is no account associated with your user!" if account.nil?
+      session[:account] = account
+      solicit "Enter new password: "
+    elsif session[:password].nil?
+      return solicit "Enter new password: " if text.empty?
+      session[:password] = text
+      solicit "Confirm new password: "
+    elsif !session[:account].nil? && !session[:password].nil?
+      password = session.delete(:password)
+      account = session.delete(:account)
+      if text == password
+        account.password = text
+        if account.save
+          println "Set password for #{account.username}."
+        else
+          println "Failed to set password."
+        end
+      else
+        println "Passwords do not match."
+      end
+      session.state = :playing
+    end
+  end
+
+  def UserPasswordSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    if session[:account].nil? && session[:password].nil?
+      account = @search_results.first
+      return "There is no account with that username." if account.nil?
+      session[:account] = account
+      solicit "Enter new password: "
+    elsif session[:password].nil?
+      session[:password] = text
+      solicit "Confirm new password: "
+    elsif !session[:account].nil? && !session[:password].nil?
+      password = session.delete(:password)
+      account = session.delete(:account)
+      if text == password
+        account.password = text
+        if account.save
+          println "Set password for #{account.username}."
+        else
+          println "Failed to set password."
+        end
+      else
+        println "Passwords do not match."
+      end
+      session.state = :playing
+    end
+  end
+
+  def CharactersSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    return Inform::Object.where(Sequel.like(:object_type, "%Character%")).order(:name).all if text.nil?
+    account = Account.find(username: text)
+    return "There is no account with that username." if account.nil?
+    "Characters for account #{account} are #{account.characters}."
+  end
+
+  def TeleportSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    target = noun
+    l = second || @player.location
+    target.event do
+      target.println "Inexplicably, you feel momentarily serene."
+      target.new_line
+      target.inflib.PlayerTo(l)
+    end
+    "You teleport " + the(target) + " to " + the(l) + "."
+  end
+
+  def ThreadSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    println "Main thread is #{Thread.main}"
+    println "Current thread is #{Thread.current}"
+    true
+  end
+
+  def TimeSub
+    Time.now
+  end
+
+  def ActiveSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    active = Inform::Events::ActiveObjects.to_a - Inform::Daemons::Schedules.keys.to_a
+    return "No active objects." if active.empty?
+    active.sort
+  end
+
+  def DaemonsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    println "[Daemons listing " + (Inform::Daemons.on? ? "on" : "off") + ".]"
+    println "Scanning daemons..."
+    add_event do
+      Inform::Daemons.rescan
+      daemons = Inform::Daemons::Spawn.map(&:name).sort
+      return "There are no known daemons." if daemons.empty?
+      n = daemons.length
+      println "There " + IsorAre(n) + " active " + pluralize("daemon", n) + ":"
+      daemons
+    end
+    true
+  end
+
+  def daemons_listing_status
+    return "on" if Inform::Daemons.on?
+    "off"
+  end
+
+  def DaemonsOnSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    Inform::Daemons.start
+    "[Daemons listing #{daemons_listing_status}.]"
+  end
+
+  def DaemonsOffSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    Inform::Daemons.stop
+    "[Daemons listing #{daemons_listing_status}.]"
+  end
+
+  def FrequencySub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    Inform::Game.config[:daemons_period] = special_number1 unless special_number1.nil?
+    "Daemon frequency is #{Inform::Game.config[:daemons_period]} milliseconds."
+  end
+
+  def TimersOnSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    @debug_flag = @debug_flag | 4;  "[Timers listing on.]"
+  end
+
+  def TimersOffSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    @debug_flag = @debug_flag & 11; "[Timers listing off.]"
+  end
+
+  def TraceOnSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    DebugSub()
+  end
+
+  def TraceLevelSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    DebugSub()
+  end
+
+  def VocabularySub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    Inform::Dictionary.sort.to_s
+  end
+
+  def WeatherSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.builder?
+    weather = noun
+    return "For some reason your location cannot be determined." if location.nil?
+    area = location.linkto :area
+    loop do
+      area_parent = parent(area)
+      break if area_parent.nil?
+      area = area_parent
+    end
+    if weather.nil?
+      return "No weather here." if area.nil?
+      current_weather = area.children.find { |o| o.is_a? Weather }
+      return "No weather here." if current_weather.nil?
+      new_line
+      style :bold
+      color :yellow
+      println current_weather.name
+      uncolor :yellow
+      unstyle :bold
+      return current_weather.description
+    end
+    return "Cannot set weather here." if area.nil?
+    area.children.each { |o| o.remove if o.is_a? Weather }
+    move weather, area
+    "The weather for " + the(area) + " is now " + the(weather) + "."
+  end
+
+  def WhoSub
+    Session.players.each do |player|
+      println A(player)
+    end
+    true
+  end
+
+  def WhoVerboseSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    Session.players.each do |player|
+      println "#{player.identity} (" + a(player) + ") => #{Session.of(player).channel}"
+    end
+    true
+  end
+
+  def WhoamiSub
+    "You are " + a(@player) + "."
+  end
+
+  def WhoamiVerboseSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    "#{@player.identity} (" + a(@player) + ") => #{Session.of(@player).channel}"
+  end
+
+  def WrapSub
+    prefs = @player.preferences
+    return "Cannot set preferences." if prefs.nil?
+    word_wrap = special_number1
+    prefs.word_wrap = word_wrap unless word_wrap.nil?
+    log.debug "#{@player} preferences are: #{@player.preferences.inspect}"
+    Session.of(@player).preferences = prefs
+    "Lines will now wrap at #{prefs.word_wrap} columns."
+  end
+
+  def VisitedSub
+    @player.visited.map(&:to_s).join(', ')
+  end
+
+  def markdown_metadata(file_path, metadata = {})
+    metadata['path'] = file_path
+    "\n#{metadata.to_yaml}---"
+  end
+
+  def ruby_metadata(file_path)
+    "# file: #{file_path}"
+  end
+
+  def ConcatenateSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    file_path = text
+    println ruby_metadata(file_path) if /.*\.rb$/.match?(file_path)
+    println markdown_metadata(file_path) if /.*\.md$/.match?(file_path)
+    `cat #{file_path}`
+  end
+
+  def ListStatsSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    file_path = text
+    return `/bin/ls -l #{file_path}`.strip unless file_path.empty?
+    `/bin/ls -l`.strip
+  end
+
+  def HostSub
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    `hostname`.strip
+  end
+
+  def pid
+    raise Parser::VerbUnrecognized unless @player.admin?
+    java.lang.management.ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().name.split('@').first
+  rescue StandardError
+    println "I can't seem to determine my process ID: #{e.message}"
+    false
+  end
+end
+
+Inform::Verbs.include Metaverbs