imprimatur 0.2.0 → 0.3.0

checksums.yaml

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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,27 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## [0.3.0](https://github.com/seuros/imprimatur/compare/v0.2.0...v0.3.0) (2026-10-17)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* a spreadsheet's sheets give their comments, columns, validations and styles ([1797632](https://github.com/seuros/imprimatur/commit/1797632aad2948c1c0a493501de3684187062246))
+* draw PNG and JPEG pictures, on pages of any size ([419524a](https://github.com/seuros/imprimatur/commit/419524afe36bbb06e3ef0ecb48a4fab4f80fb989))
+* **font:** load static TrueType fonts and metrics ([fd85e3d](https://github.com/seuros/imprimatur/commit/fd85e3d78ece99506b2dde2c61bab6997cb20d21))
+* read column widths, data validations and cell styles ([2930964](https://github.com/seuros/imprimatur/commit/2930964cde82cc998113aa83336a547cda8bd9f8))
+* read whether a list validation shows its drop-down ([b75ef53](https://github.com/seuros/imprimatur/commit/b75ef530ef790876c58e40bb02dfc7257a48aab5))
+* read workbooks as typed rows with Imprimatur::Spreadsheet ([927033b](https://github.com/seuros/imprimatur/commit/927033bb5ef9725c38726bc0785bbd90be8f1dc8))
+* size columns to their cells, and give workbooks a font ([c88a058](https://github.com/seuros/imprimatur/commit/c88a0580a7ba052c4994faf4f53b42e75f48f587))
+* write right-to-left text in its own direction ([137206e](https://github.com/seuros/imprimatur/commit/137206e08622f33ae21b6e52013e3ec7b071bb6b))
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* build the gem with every feature of the crate ([7b48599](https://github.com/seuros/imprimatur/commit/7b485998abdb8b14b59e22a6ff97ca7dec143986))
+* **font:** put the TrueType loader behind a `fonts` feature ([f9d1915](https://github.com/seuros/imprimatur/commit/f9d1915f3c98c0c7351477c6e8f21799d01e02f9))
+* read right-to-left PDF text in its page's direction ([ca173ef](https://github.com/seuros/imprimatur/commit/ca173efd019513f25df004feafeda0e8551e64c0))
+* show numbers with their format's decimals and grouping ([d0089ee](https://github.com/seuros/imprimatur/commit/d0089ee2dcf364ac32c7f92dc6c3af9aa6a9e9cb))
+
 ## [0.2.0](https://github.com/seuros/imprimatur/compare/v0.1.0...v0.2.0) (2026-10-16)
 
 

data/Cargo.lock

@@ -67,6 +67,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "hybrid-array",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bytemuck"
+version = "1.25.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "95832e849adfb21180ccb6826a99da14e5d266ae5c2e668e1602cf234f153797"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bytemuck_derive"
+version = "1.12.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6a1f896587b6f2c069c73d2f0913e2d590c3990285cd2f0b6aa02b786b4c679c"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cexpr"
 version = "0.6.0"
@@ -196,6 +216,30 @@ dependencies = [
  "zlib-rs",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77ce24cb58228fbb8aa041425bb1050850ac19177686ea6e0f41a70416f56fdb"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "font-test-data"
+version = "0.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9b7088ff167a44404649ff2221f3ba67c9eeff076cfe026c1308f54e25702a81"
+dependencies = [
+ "font-types",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "font-types"
+version = "0.12.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "835ae9d781464a79026cde387f9cbc650c9a4909d7cf7e658b127e3c35d2f35d"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
 version = "0.4.3"
@@ -230,12 +274,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "imprimatur"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.3.0"
 dependencies = [
  "aes",
  "crc32fast",
+ "font-test-data",
  "md-5",
  "miniz_oxide",
+ "read-fonts",
  "serde_json",
  "sha2",
  "tempfile",
@@ -245,7 +291,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "imprimatur-cli"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.3.0"
 dependencies = [
  "imprimatur",
  "regex",
@@ -257,7 +303,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "imprimatur_native"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.3.0"
 dependencies = [
  "imprimatur",
  "magnus",
@@ -500,6 +546,19 @@ version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cca7ad6a7e21e72151d56fe2495a259b5670e204c3adac41ee7ef676ea08117a"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "read-fonts"
+version = "0.45.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4edc8db0d972de88e53a085b1f01fb3fbdae7bb0cb7a0ce2b2f8285a412fe3ef"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck",
+ "foldhash",
+ "font-types",
+ "once_cell",
+ "yoke",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
 version = "1.13.1"
@@ -632,6 +691,12 @@ version = "1.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0fda2ff0d084019ba4d7c6f371c95d8fd75ce3524c3cb8fb653a3023f6323e64"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "stable_deref_trait"
+version = "1.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6ce2be8dc25455e1f91df71bfa12ad37d7af1092ae736f3a6cd0e37bc7810596"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
 version = "2.0.119"
@@ -654,6 +719,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "synstructure"
+version = "0.14.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "901704edd0dfe137f1987838ee4f259e4e063c31371bdb423f7ae38ec6f77f02"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tempfile"
 version = "3.27.0"
@@ -809,6 +885,50 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "yoke"
+version = "0.8.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "709fe23a0424b6a435d82152b1bd3fdfb0833487d5fa90d05d42762a9891fef5"
+dependencies = [
+ "stable_deref_trait",
+ "yoke-derive",
+ "zerofrom",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "yoke-derive"
+version = "0.8.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ec8ebde2db3681e8c9980cc27822030e68752690ddfa9473e739aeb4dbde6d71"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+ "synstructure",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerofrom"
+version = "0.1.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0ec05a11813ea801ff6d75110ad09cd0824ddba17dfe17128ea0d5f68e6c5272"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerofrom-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerofrom-derive"
+version = "0.1.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f75b4683f6c7f45248d4d64056a24298c6281e0993356d7d1b4a1a962ef10d4a"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+ "synstructure",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "zip"
 version = "9.0.3"

data/Cargo.toml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ license = "BSD-3-Clause"
 repository = "https://github.com/seuros/imprimatur"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-imprimatur = { path = "ext/imprimatur_native/core", version = "0.2.0" }
+imprimatur = { path = "ext/imprimatur_native/core", version = "0.3.0" }
 magnus = { version = "0.9.2", default-features = false }
 # For rb_thread_call_without_gvl2, which magnus does not wrap; magnus's own
 # rb-sys, features and all.

data/README.md

@@ -102,6 +102,21 @@ columns past its end are left unstyled:
 sheet.row "", "", "", "Notes", style: [yellow] * 3
 ```
 
+The workbook can have a font of its own, for unstyled cells and for styles
+that name no font or size, and size its columns to their cells:
+
+```ruby
+Imprimatur.xlsx("export.xlsx", font: "Arial", size: 10, autofit: true) do |book|
+  book.sheet("Orders") { it.row "Supplier", "Amount", style: header }
+  book.sheet("Notes").autofit!(false)          # this one keeps Excel's widths
+end
+```
+
+`autofit` (or `sheet.autofit!`) sizes each column without a width of its own
+to its widest cell, estimated as `(characters + 3) × points / 10`,
+bold cells one and a half times wider, at most 255. A text counts its longest
+line, a date `yyyy-mm-dd`; formulas are left out, their results unknown.
+
 ## Validation and comments
 
 ```ruby
@@ -137,22 +152,23 @@ shown all the time with `visible: true`. The cell need not hold a value.
 ```ruby
 rtl = Imprimatur.style(direction: :rtl)
 
-book.sheet("مبيعات") do |sheet|                        # Arabic
-  sheet.right_to_left!                                 # column A on the right
-  sheet.row "المنطقة", "الشمال", style: rtl
+book.sheet("مبيعات") do |sheet|                        # Arabic: right to left
+  sheet.row "المنطقة", "الشمال", style: rtl              # column A on the right
 end
 
-book.sheet("מכירות") do |sheet|                        # Hebrew
-  sheet.right_to_left!
-  sheet.row "אזור", "צפון", style: rtl
+book.sheet("Suppliers") do |sheet|
+  sheet.right_to_left!                                 # told so: a Hebrew layout
+  sheet.row "אזור", "Region"
 end
 ```
 
 Text in any right-to-left language needs nothing special: Hebrew, Yiddish,
 Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Pashto, Sindhi, Kurdish (Sorani), Uyghur, Syriac,
-Dhivehi (Thaana), N'Ko, Adlam and the rest. `right_to_left!` lays the sheet
-out the way Excel does for them, and `direction: :rtl` fixes a cell's reading
-order instead of letting Excel infer it from its first letter.
+Dhivehi (Thaana), N'Ko, Adlam and the rest. A sheet whose letters (its name
+and text cells) are mostly right to left is laid out the way Excel does for
+them, column A on the right; `right_to_left!` and `right_to_left!(false)`
+decide instead. `direction: :rtl` fixes a cell's reading order instead of
+letting Excel infer it from its first letter.
 
 Not yet: merged cells, frozen panes, streaming for very large sheets.
 
@@ -171,6 +187,7 @@ doc.paragraph do |p|
 end
 doc.paragraph "Figures are unaudited.", italic: true, align: :center
 doc.table [["Region", "Q1"], ["North", 12_500.5]], header: true
+doc.image "chart.png", width: 300, align: :center
 doc.page_break
 doc.paragraph "Appendix."
 
@@ -178,15 +195,26 @@ doc.save_pdf("report.pdf")
 doc.save_docx("report.docx")
 
 Imprimatur.pdf("memo.pdf") { it.paragraph "Or in one go." }    # Imprimatur.docx alike
+Imprimatur.pdf(page_size: [200, 200], margin: 10) { it.image qr_png, width: 180 }
 ```
 
 - Headings 1 to 3 (real Word heading styles in DOCX), paragraphs of runs
   (bold, italic, underline, color), alignment, `\n` line breaks and tabs.
 - Tables: equal columns, borders, a shaded header row that repeats on every
   page; cells are converted with `to_s`.
-- Page breaks, A4 or Letter, `1 / N` page numbers.
-- `direction: :rtl` makes a right-to-left paragraph (right aligned, and
-  `w:bidi` in DOCX).
+- Pictures: PNG or JPEG (a path, the bytes or an IO), at `width:` or
+  `height:` points (the other follows), or else at 96 pixels an inch, never
+  larger than the page; `align:` like a paragraph. In PDF a JPEG and an
+  opaque PNG are stored as they are, a PNG with alpha gets a soft mask.
+  Interlaced PNGs are refused.
+- Page breaks; A4, Letter or `page_size: [width, height]` in points (36 to
+  1584); `margin:` in points (one inch unless set); `1 / N` page numbers.
+- Right to left without being told: a paragraph, heading or table cell
+  reads in the direction of its first letter (right aligned, and `w:bidi` in
+  DOCX), figures alone in their table's or document's, each run in its own;
+  a mostly right-to-left table has its first column on the right, and a
+  mostly right-to-left document its pages laid out right to left.
+  `direction: :rtl` or `:ltr` decides for a paragraph.
 
 **PDF text is Latin only for now.** PDFs use the standard Helvetica fonts,
 which carry Windows-1252: English and Western European text, curly quotes,
@@ -213,14 +241,22 @@ end
 ```
 
 - **PDF**: the text layer, placed glyph by glyph (fonts, encodings and
-  ToUnicode maps, forms, rotated pages), in reading order (right-to-left
-  lines too: Hebrew, Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Syriac, Dhivehi, N'Ko, Adlam,
-  their vowel marks kept on their letters), with headings by font size,
-  hyphenated line breaks rejoined, presentation forms (`fi`, Arabic contextual forms) as plain letters, and
-  running headers and footers left out. Pages after the first start with
-  `<!-- page N -->`. Encrypted PDFs open when the user password is empty, as
-  it is for documents that only restrict printing or copying (RC4, AES-128,
-  AES-256).
+  ToUnicode maps, forms, rotated pages), in reading order, with headings by
+  font size, hyphenated line breaks rejoined, presentation forms (`fi`,
+  Arabic contextual forms) as plain letters, and running headers and
+  footers left out. Pages after the first start with `<!-- page N -->`.
+  Encrypted PDFs open when the user password is empty, as it is for
+  documents that only restrict printing or copying (RC4, AES-128, AES-256).
+- **Right to left in PDFs** (Hebrew, Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Syriac,
+  Dhivehi, N'Ko, Adlam): a PDF records where glyphs go, not the order they
+  read in, so each line is put back in order the way the Unicode
+  bidirectional algorithm laid it out, with its page's direction for
+  context. An Arabic page's table rows read from the right, figures
+  included; an Arabic or Hebrew name in an English line reads forwards
+  inside that line; numbers stay whole (`2024-03-15`, `1,250.50`, `50%`,
+  `+98 21 5555 1234`, Arabic-Indic and Persian digits); vowel marks stay on
+  their letters. Not yet: pages set in several columns, whose lines run
+  together whatever their direction.
 - **XLSX**: each sheet as a table under its name, values as Excel shows them
   (dates as dates, percentages, 15 significant digits), formulas without a
   cached result as `=FORMULA`, then the sheet's comments.
@@ -261,6 +297,15 @@ Imprimatur.content("audit.pdf")[:pages].first[:blocks].first
 #     bounds: {left: 72.0, top: 61.4, right: 290.1, bottom: 85.0}}
 ```
 
+An `.xlsx` sheet also gives its `columns` widths and data `validations`, and
+with `styles: true` the look of each formatted cell, empty ones included:
+
+```ruby
+sheet = Imprimatur.content("template.xlsx", styles: true)[:sheets].first
+sheet[:validations].first  # => {range: "G2:G1000", type: "list", formula1: "\"Yes,No\"", ...}
+sheet[:styles].first       # => {cell: "A1", font: "Arial", size: 12.0, bold: true, fill: "FF808080", ...}
+```
+
 `Imprimatur.images` hands over every image as a file: a PDF's JPEG and JPEG
 2000 as stored, fax scans as TIFF, raw pixels as PNG (soft masks as alpha),
 with the page and place each is drawn at; a Word or Excel document's media,
@@ -273,6 +318,39 @@ Imprimatur.images("scan.pdf") do |image|
 end
 ```
 
+### Workbooks as rows
+
+For importing uploads, `Imprimatur.spreadsheet` reads an `.xlsx`, `.xls` or
+`.ods` into rows of Ruby values: Strings, Integers for whole numbers shown
+without a decimal point or a percent sign, Floats, `true`/`false`, Dates,
+DateTimes for a time of day, and `nil` for an empty cell or a formula never
+computed.
+
+```ruby
+book = Imprimatur.spreadsheet(upload.download)   # a path, the bytes or an IO
+book.names                                      # => ["Suppliers", "Countries"]
+book.sheet.rows.first                           # => ["Instructions: one a row"]
+
+book.sheet("Suppliers").parse(clean: true, name: "Company Name", since: "Since")
+# => [{ name: "Acme", since: #<Date: 2024-03-15> }, ...]
+```
+
+`parse` finds the header row among the first 100 (`header_rows:`), the first
+holding every header, and maps the rows under it. `clean: true` strips control
+characters and the whitespace at both ends of every String. Without such a row
+it raises `Imprimatur::HeaderRowNotFound`, whose `missing` lists the headers the
+closest row lacks.
+
+Each sheet also has its `comments`, its `columns` (runs of widths, and whether
+hidden) and its `validations`, as `Imprimatur.content` gives them. Opened with
+`styles: true`, it has every formatted cell's look too:
+
+```ruby
+sheet = Imprimatur.spreadsheet("template.xlsx", styles: true).sheet("BOM")
+sheet.validation("G2:G1000")   # => { range: "G2:G1000", type: "list", formula1: "Lists!$A$1:$A$9", ... }
+sheet.style("A1")              # => { cell: "A1", font: "Arial", bold: true, fill: "FFDDEEFF", ... }
+```
+
 ## Zip archives
 
 Archives of any files, for what is not a document (an export of an order's

data/ext/imprimatur_native/cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "imprimatur-cli"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.3.0"
 description = "Read PDF, XLSX, XLS, ODS and DOCX documents as Markdown or JSON, search them, extract their images."
 keywords = ["pdf", "xlsx", "docx", "markdown", "cli"]
 categories = ["command-line-utilities", "text-processing"]

data/ext/imprimatur_native/core/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "imprimatur"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.3.0"
 description = "XLSX, PDF and DOCX authoring, and PDF, XLSX, XLS, ODS and DOCX reading, with its own XML, zip and PDF code."
 keywords = ["xlsx", "excel", "pdf", "docx", "spreadsheet"]
 categories = ["encoding", "text-processing"]
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ aes = "0.9.3"
 crc32fast = "1.5.2"
 md-5 = "0.11.0"
 miniz_oxide = "0.9.1"
+read-fonts = { version = "0.45.1", optional = true }
 serde_json = { version = "1.0.154", optional = true }
 sha2 = "0.11.1"
 thiserror = "2.0.21"
@@ -32,7 +33,11 @@ json = ["dep:serde_json"]
 # `archive`: zip archives of any files (written with their times and
 # comments, ZIP64 when large; read within limits), through the `zip` crate.
 archive = ["dep:zip"]
+# `font`: static TrueType font data (glyphs, advances, line metrics),
+# through `read-fonts`.
+fonts = ["dep:read-fonts"]
 
 [dev-dependencies]
+font-test-data = "0.10.0"
 tempfile = "3"
 zip = { version = "9.0.3", default-features = false, features = ["deflate-flate2-zlib-rs"] }

data/ext/imprimatur_native/core/README.md

@@ -97,13 +97,22 @@ assert!(found.is_empty(), "no pictures in this one");
 # Ok::<(), imprimatur::Error>(())
 ```
 
+With the `fonts` feature, `font::TrueTypeFont::from_bytes` loads borrowed
+static TrueType data and exposes Unicode glyph IDs, horizontal advances and
+raw `hhea` line metrics in font units. It checks the required tables and
+outline offsets, but is not a full font sanitizer. Collections, WOFF, CFF and
+variable fonts are not supported. This is a Rust font-data API only: document
+font selection, PDF embedding, shaping and bidirectional layout are not
+implemented by it; PDF writing still uses Helvetica.
+
 Dependencies: `miniz_oxide`, `crc32fast` and `thiserror`; reading encrypted
 PDFs adds `md-5`, `sha2` and `aes`.
 
-Two features add what the core does not need: `json` (`read::json`, the
-schema the command line and the Ruby gem print, through `serde_json`) and
+Three features add what the core does not need: `json` (`read::json`, the
+schema the command line and the Ruby gem print, through `serde_json`),
 `archive` (`archive::{Writer, Archive}`: zip archives of any files, with
-times, comments and ZIP64, through the `zip` crate).
+times, comments and ZIP64, through the `zip` crate) and `fonts`
+(`font::TrueTypeFont`: static TrueType font data, through `read-fonts`).
 
 ## License
 

data/ext/imprimatur_native/core/src/archive.rs

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ use ::zip::result::ZipError;
 use ::zip::write::FullFileOptions;
 use ::zip::{CompressionMethod, DateTime, ZipArchive, ZipWriter};
 
+use crate::xlsx::civil_from_days;
 use crate::{Error, Result};
 
 /// An archive being written; [`finish`](Self::finish) writes its directory.
@@ -129,9 +130,10 @@ fn dos_time(time: Option<SystemTime>) -> DateTime {
         return DateTime::default();
     };
     let days = i64::try_from(seconds / 86_400).unwrap_or(i64::MAX);
-    let (year, month, day) = civil(days);
+    let (year, month, day) = civil_from_days(days);
     let clock = seconds % 86_400;
     let part = |value: u64| u8::try_from(value).unwrap_or(0);
+    let (month, day) = (u8::try_from(month).unwrap_or(1), u8::try_from(day).unwrap_or(1));
     u16::try_from(year)
         .ok()
         .and_then(|year| {
@@ -148,21 +150,6 @@ fn dos_time(time: Option<SystemTime>) -> DateTime {
         .unwrap_or_default()
 }
 
-/// Days since 1970-01-01 as a proleptic Gregorian date (Howard Hinnant's
-/// `civil_from_days`).
-fn civil(days: i64) -> (i64, u8, u8) {
-    let days = days + 719_468;
-    let era = days.div_euclid(146_097);
-    let of_era = days.rem_euclid(146_097);
-    let year_of_era = (of_era - of_era / 1460 + of_era / 36_524 - of_era / 146_096) / 365;
-    let of_year = of_era - (365 * year_of_era + year_of_era / 4 - year_of_era / 100);
-    let shifted = (5 * of_year + 2) / 153;
-    let day = u8::try_from(of_year - (153 * shifted + 2) / 5 + 1).unwrap_or(1);
-    let month = u8::try_from(if shifted < 10 { shifted + 3 } else { shifted - 9 }).unwrap_or(1);
-    let year = year_of_era + era * 400 + i64::from(month <= 2);
-    (year, month, day)
-}
-
 /// What the archive's directory says of an entry.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Entry {

data/ext/imprimatur_native/core/src/doc/paragraph.rs

@@ -46,8 +46,9 @@ impl Run {
     }
 }
 
-/// Runs of text laid out together. Left aligned unless told otherwise, or
-/// right aligned when right to left.
+/// Runs of text laid out together, in the direction set or else that of
+/// their first letter. Left aligned unless told otherwise, or right aligned
+/// when right to left.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Paragraph {
     pub(crate) runs: Vec<Run>,
@@ -102,9 +103,15 @@ impl Paragraph {
         &self.runs
     }
 
+    /// The direction the paragraph reads in: as set, or else that of its
+    /// first letter.
+    pub(crate) fn effective_direction(&self) -> Option<TextDirection> {
+        self.direction.or_else(|| self.runs.iter().find_map(|run| TextDirection::of(&run.text)))
+    }
+
     /// The alignment the paragraph is laid out with.
     pub(crate) fn effective_align(&self) -> Align {
-        self.align.unwrap_or(match self.direction {
+        self.align.unwrap_or_else(|| match self.effective_direction() {
             Some(TextDirection::RightToLeft) => Align::Right,
             _ => Align::Left,
         })