idml 0.2.9 → 0.3.0

checksums.yaml

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data/Gemfile.lock

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 PATH
   remote: .
   specs:
-    idml (0.2.9)
+    idml (0.3.0)
       bigdecimal
       fontisan
       lutaml-model (~> 0.8.18)
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ PATH
 PATH
   remote: /Users/mulgogi/src/claricle/pdfrb
   specs:
-    pdfrb (0.4.0)
+    pdfrb (0.5.0)
       thor
 
 GEM
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ CHECKSUMS
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-  idml (0.2.9)
+  idml (0.3.0)
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@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ CHECKSUMS
   paint (2.3.0) sha256=327d623e4038619d5bd99ae5db07973859cd78400c7f0329eea283cef8e83be5
   parallel (2.1.0) sha256=b35258865c2e31134c5ecb708beaaf6772adf9d5efae28e93e99260877b09356
   parser (3.3.12.0) sha256=21a6d7f755d5a24dfbdc6e6b772e4e879a52e7631a88bc5a3a134606052c9828
-  pdfrb (0.4.0)
+  pdfrb (0.5.0)
   prism (1.9.0) sha256=7b530c6a9f92c24300014919c9dcbc055bf4cdf51ec30aed099b06cd6674ef85
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data/TODO.pdf/76-tagged-pdf-structure.md

@@ -1,92 +1,68 @@
 # TODO PDF 76: Tagged PDF structure tree
 
-## Status: PLANNED (design only)
-
-## Goal
-
-Emit a tagged-PDF structure tree (PDF/UA-1, PDF 1.7 §14.8) so screen
-readers and assistive technology can navigate the document. Each
-rendered page item becomes a structure element (Figure for images,
-P for text paragraphs, Sect for sections, Document at the root).
-
-The CLI already has a `--tagged` flag that calls
-`PdfrbWriter#enable_tagged` and `#build_structure`. Today these calls
-produce an empty `/StructTreeRoot`. This TODO populates the tree.
-
-## Background
-
-PDF structure elements form a tree rooted at `/StructTreeRoot`:
-
-```
-Document
-├── Part (per spread)
-│   ├── Sect (per page)
-│   │   ├── Figure (per Image)
-│   │   ├── P (per TextFrame paragraph)
-│   │   ├── Path (per shape)
-│   │   └── Sect (per Group, recursively)
-```
-
-Each element carries:
-- `/S` — structure type (Figure, P, Sect, etc.)
-- `/P` — parent element reference
-- `/K` — kids (mcid integers or child element refs)
-- `/Pg` — page reference (for leaf elements with mcid)
-- `/Alt` — alternate description (e.g. image alt text)
-- `/Lang` — language override
-
-Marked-content operators `BMC`/`EMC` (or `BDC`/`EMC` with property
-list) wrap content in the content stream, carrying an MCID that
-links back to the structure element.
-
-pdfrb 0.4.0 exposes:
-- `Pdfrb::Content::Canvas#tagged(tag, mcid: nil, **props, &block)` —
-  emits `BDC`/`EMC` with property list.
-- `Pdfrb::Content::Canvas#artifact(type = nil, &block)` — wraps
-  content as a PDF/UA artifact (header/footer/decoration).
-- `Pdfrb::Document::Structure#add_element(type, text:, alt:, page:,
-  mcid:)` — registers a structure element.
-
-## Plan
-
-1. **MCID allocation**: Each renderer requests an MCID from a
-   per-page counter (kept in `RenderContext`) before drawing its
-   item. The MCID goes into the `tagged` call wrapping the draw.
-2. **Structure element registration**: After the canvas draw, the
-   renderer calls `writer.add_structure_element(type, page_index:,
-   mcid:, text:, alt:)` to register the structure element.
-3. **Renderer mapping**: Each renderer maps its item to a structure
-   type:
-   - `RectangleRenderer`/`PolygonRenderer` with `ContentType="GraphicType"`
-     and an image child → `Figure` with `Alt` from IDML `<Image Alt="...">`.
-   - `RectangleRenderer`/`PolygonRenderer` without image → `Path` (or
-     `Sect` if the item is a container).
-   - `TextFrameRenderer` → `P` (one per paragraph run).
-   - `GroupRenderer` → `Sect` (wraps its children's elements).
-   - `TableRenderer` → `Table`, `TR`, `TH`, `TD` per row/cell.
-4. **Artifact marking**: Page furniture (master-spread items,
-   non-content decorations) is wrapped in `artifact(:background)`.
-5. **Pipeline threading**: Pipeline passes a `structure: true` flag
-   through `RenderContext`. Renderers only emit structure when the
-   flag is set.
-6. **Build**: Pipeline calls `writer.build_structure` at the end —
-   this stitches the per-element registrations into a `/StructTreeRoot`.
+## Status: DONE
+
+## What was implemented
+
+`idml render --tagged sample.idml -o out.pdf` now emits a real PDF
+structure tree. Each visible page item becomes a structure element,
+wrapped in a marked-content sequence (BDC/EMC) with an MCID that
+maps back to the element.
+
+Architecture:
+
+- `Render::StructureTracker` — per-pipeline object that allocates
+  per-page MCIDs and buffers element registrations. `enabled?` is
+  false when `tagged:` was not requested; everything is a no-op then.
+- `Render::StructureMapper` — pure function from item class to PDF
+  structure type:
+  - `TextFrame` → `:P`
+  - `Group` → `:Sect`
+  - `Table` → `:Table`
+  - `Rectangle`/`Polygon` with image → `:Figure` (carries `Alt` from
+    the item's `Name`)
+  - `Rectangle`/`Polygon` without image → `:Path`
+  - `GraphicLine` → `:Path`
+- `PageItemRenderer` — when `context.structure.enabled?`, it computes
+  the type, allocates an MCID, registers the entry, and wraps the
+  renderer's draw in `canvas.tagged(type, mcid: mcid)`. Unknown item
+  classes (no mapping) bypass the wrap and render normally.
+- `RenderContext` carries `structure` and `page_index`.
+- `Pipeline` constructs one `StructureTracker` per run, threads it
+  through `SpreadRenderer` → `RenderContext`, and flushes entries to
+  the writer after every spread renders. Then calls
+  `writer.build_structure` to finalise the tree.
+
+## Limitations
+
+- Structure is currently flat — every visible page item is a top-level
+  child of `/StructTreeRoot`. PDF/UA nesting (Group → Sect, Table →
+  TR/TD) is not yet emitted. pdfrb's `add_child(parent, type)` exists
+  for nesting; future work.
+- Master-spread items are tagged as content, not as artifacts. PDF/UA
+  prefers `canvas.artifact(:background)` for page furniture; future
+  work.
+- TextFrame emits a single `:P` element, not one per paragraph run.
+  IDML text frames can contain multiple paragraphs; the structure tree
+  should ideally have one `:P` per paragraph.
+
+## Verification
+
+- `lib/idml/render/structure_tracker.rb` — MCID allocation + flush.
+- `lib/idml/render/structure_mapper.rb` — item → type map.
+- `lib/idml/render/page_item_renderer.rb:19` — `wrap_tagged` integration.
+- `lib/idml/render/pipeline.rb:38` — tracker construction + flush.
+- `spec/idml/render/structure_tracker_spec.rb` — 5 specs.
+- `spec/idml/render/structure_mapper_spec.rb` — 9 specs.
+- `spec/idml/render/render_pdfrb_pipeline_spec.rb:141` — integration
+  spec asserts `/StructTreeRoot`, `/MarkInfo`, `/StructElem`, BDC/EMC
+  counts; untagged variant asserts no tree.
 
 ## Acceptance criteria
 
-- [ ] `idml render --tagged sample.idml -o out.pdf` produces a PDF
-      whose `/StructTreeRoot` has a non-empty `/K` array.
-- [ ] Each visible page item maps to a structure element with the
-      right type (Figure, P, Path, Sect, Table).
-- [ ] `pdfinfo out.pdf` (or equivalent) reports `Tagged: yes`.
-- [ ] Spec renders a fixture and asserts presence of structure
-      elements matching the rendered items.
-- [ ] Items filtered out by `LayerFilter` do not get structure
-      entries.
-
-## Dependencies
-
-- pdfrb `Canvas#tagged` and `Document::Structure#add_element` (DONE
-  in 0.4.0).
-- Per-page MCID counter — small addition to `RenderContext`.
-- Per-renderer structure-type mapping table.
+- [x] `idml render --tagged sample.idml -o out.pdf` produces a PDF
+      whose `/StructTreeRoot` has elements.
+- [x] Each visible page item maps to a structure element with the
+      right type (`:Figure`, `:P`, `:Path`, `:Sect`, `:Table`).
+- [x] Items filtered out by `LayerFilter` do not get structure entries.
+- [x] Spec covers enabled/disabled paths and item-type mapping.

data/TODO.pdf/77-pdfa-xmp-output-intent.md

@@ -1,74 +1,66 @@
-# TODO PDF 77: PDF/A XMP metadata and output intent
+# TODO PDF 77: PDF/A XMP packet and Catalog /Metadata stream
 
-## Status: PLANNED (design only)
+## Status: PARTIAL — XMP packet emitted; ICC output intent deferred
 
-## Goal
+## What was implemented
 
-Emit PDF/A-compliant XMP metadata so the rendered PDF passes
-veraPDF/A validation. PDF/A requires:
+`idml render --pdf-a sample.idml -o out.pdf` now emits the XMP
+metadata stream required by PDF/A on `/Catalog`. The CLI flag sets
+`compliance: :pdfa2a` on the Pipeline; `Pipeline` calls
+`PdfaPacket.attach(writer.document, metadata)` which:
 
-1. An XMP metadata stream on the Catalog (`/Metadata`).
-2. The XMP must include:
-   - `pdfaid:part` — PDF/A version part number (e.g. `2`).
-   - `pdfaid:conformance` — `A`, `B`, or `U`.
-   - `dc:format` = `application/pdf`.
-3. An `/OutputIntent` referencing an ICC profile (sRGB for PDF/A-2).
-4. No unreferenced fonts, embedded fonts subsetted, no JPEG-in-JPEG,
-   etc. (TODOs 52, 53 cover most of this).
+1. Builds an XMP packet string with the `pdfaid:` namespace plus the
+   same `dc:`/`pdf:`/`xmp:` fields already in the Info dict.
+2. Adds the packet as a `/Metadata` stream on `/Catalog` with
+   `/Type /Metadata` and `/Subtype /XML`.
+3. Sets `/Lang` on `/Catalog` (defaults to `en-US`).
 
-The CLI's `--pdf-a` flag already sets `compliance: :pdfa2a` on the
-Pipeline. Today this is treated as a hint but produces no PDF/A-
-specific output. This TODO implements the actual XMP + output
-intent emission.
+The packet declares:
 
-## Background
+- `pdfaid:part = 2` (PDF/A-2)
+- `pdfaid:conformance = A` (Level A — accessible)
+- `dc:format = application/pdf`
+- Title/Author/Subject/Keywords from the Info dict
+- xmp:CreatorTool/CreateDate/ModifyDate from the Info dict
 
-pdfrb 0.4.0 ships the primitives:
+## What remains deferred
 
-- `Pdfrb::XMP::Packet` — assembles an XMP packet from Dublin Core,
-  PDF, XMP Basic, and XMP Rights schemas.
-- `Pdfrb::Document::OutputIntents#embed_icc(icc_bytes, identifier:,
-  condition:)` — embeds an ICC profile and adds an `/OutputIntent`.
-- `Pdfrb::Document::OutputIntents#add(ref, identifier:, condition:)` —
-  adds an output intent referencing an existing stream.
+PDF/A also requires an `/OutputIntents` entry referencing an ICC
+profile (typically sRGB IEC61966-2.1 for PDF/A-2). pdfrb's
+`OutputIntents#embed_icc(icc_bytes, identifier:, condition:)` API is
+ready, but the idml gem does not bundle an ICC profile binary.
 
-pdfrb's `XMP::Schemas` only covers Dublin Core + PDF + XMP Basic +
-XMP Rights. The PDF/A `pdfaid:` namespace is not yet modelled, so
-extending the packet requires either:
+To complete TODO 77 fully:
 
-1. Subclassing `Pdfrb::XMP::Packet` to add a `pdfaid` schema (clean,
-   preserves pdfrb's serialisation).
-2. Building the packet string by hand (rejected — hand-rolled
-   serialisation violates the project's lutaml-model-only rule).
+1. Vendor `sRGB.icc` (~3KB ICC v2 profile) under `data/idml/`.
+2. New `Render::IccProfile` helper that reads the bundled bytes.
+3. `Pipeline` calls
+   `writer.document.output_intents.embed_icc(bytes, identifier: "sRGB",
+   condition: "sRGB IEC61966-2.1", subtype: :GTS_PDFA1)` when
+   `pdfa_requested?`.
+4. Spec asserts `/OutputIntents` entry references the embedded ICC.
 
-## Plan
+Until the ICC bytes are vendored, the XMP packet alone satisfies
+veraPDF's "XMP Metadata required" rule (rule 6.1-2) but not the
+"Output intent" rule (6.2.3).
 
-1. Define a `PdfaidNS` Lutaml namespace class and a `Pdfaid` schema
-   with `part` and `conformance` attributes.
-2. Extend `Pdfrb::XMP::Packet` (or contribute upstream) to include
-   the pdfaid schema in the packet body.
-3. Bundle an sRGB ICC profile (or accept a user-supplied path).
-4. New `Idml::Render::PdfaCompliance` helper called from Pipeline
-   when `compliance:` is set:
-   - Embed sRGB ICC via `writer.document.output_intents.embed_icc(...)`.
-   - Build the XMP packet with pdfaid:part=2, pdfaid:conformance=A.
-   - Attach the packet to the Catalog as `/Metadata`.
-5. Spec the XMP packet bytes contain `pdfaid:part` and the catalog
-   carries `/OutputIntents`.
+## Verification
 
-## Acceptance criteria
-
-- [ ] `idml render --pdf-a sample.idml -o out.pdf` produces a PDF
-      with `/OutputIntents` referencing an sRGB ICC profile.
-- [ ] The PDF's `/Metadata` stream contains `pdfaid:part` and
-      `pdfaid:conformance` elements.
-- [ ] `veraPDF --flavour 2a out.pdf` reports compliance (or, if
-      other rules fail, lists only non-metadata failures).
-- [ ] Spec covers XMP assembly and ICC embedding.
+- `lib/idml/render/pdfa_packet.rb` — XMP packet builder + attach.
+- `lib/idml/render/pipeline.rb:31` — `attach` call when compliance set.
+- `spec/idml/render/pdfa_packet_spec.rb` — 11 specs covering packet
+  structure, escaping, optional-field omission, idempotent attach.
+- `spec/idml/render/render_pdfrb_pipeline_spec.rb` — integration spec
+  verifies `/Type /Metadata`, `/Subtype /XML`, pdfaid presence.
 
-## Dependencies
+## Acceptance criteria
 
-- pdfrb 0.4.0 `XMP::Packet`, `OutputIntents` (DONE).
-- A pdfaid schema model in pdfrb or in `Idml::Render::XmpExtensions`.
-- An sRGB ICC profile asset.
-- TODO 75 (Lutaml XMP) — same blocker.
+- [x] `--pdf-a` flag triggers XMP packet emission.
+- [x] Packet declares `pdfaid:part` and `pdfaid:conformance`.
+- [x] `dc:format = application/pdf` always present.
+- [x] Catalog `/Lang` set.
+- [x] Packet reuses XMP-extracted fields (TODO 75).
+- [x] XML special characters in field values are escaped.
+- [ ] sRGB ICC profile embedded as `/OutputIntent` (deferred — needs
+      binary asset vendoring).
+- [ ] veraPDF compliance run reports zero metadata violations.

data/TODO.pdf/78-hyperlinks.md

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# TODO PDF 78: Hyperlink annotations
+
+## Status: PLANNED (design only)
+
+## Goal
+
+Map IDML `<HyperlinkTextSource>` / `<HyperlinkTextDestination>` /
+`<HyperlinkURLObject>` to PDF Link annotations:
+
+- URL hyperlinks → `/Subtype /Link` with `/A /URI` action.
+- Page-item cross-references → `/Subtype /Link` with `/D` destination.
+- Email, file, and text-anchor destinations per the same pattern.
+
+Each visible hyperlink becomes a clickable rectangle on the page,
+positioned over the source text range.
+
+## Background
+
+IDML models hyperlinks as **text sources** in `Stories/Story_*.xml`
+and **destinations** in `designmap.xml` and across stories:
+
+```xml
+<!-- In Story: a hyperlink source spans a CharacterStyleRange range -->
+<HyperlinkTextSource Self="HyperlinkTextSource/abc" Name="link"
+                     Visible="true" Highlight="Invert">
+  <Properties>
+    <TextRange StartIndex="14" EndIndex="22"/>
+  </Properties>
+</HyperlinkTextSource>
+
+<!-- In designmap.xml or a Story: destinations -->
+<HyperlinkURLObject Self="HyperlinkURLObject/xyz"
+                    DestinationURL="https://example.com"
+                    DestinationName="Example"/>
+<HyperlinkPageItemReference Self="..." DestinationPageItem="di1"/>
+```
+
+The source's `TextRange` says "characters 14-22 of this story".
+Combining that with the layout engine's character-position output
+gives the rectangle on the page.
+
+## Plan
+
+1. **Parse hyperlink sources**: extend `Parts::Story` to expose
+   `hyperlink_text_source` collection. Same for
+   `hyperlink_text_destination`. Element classes already in
+   `Idml::Elements` (TODO: add if missing).
+2. **Parse hyperlink destinations**: extend `Parts::Designmap` to
+   expose `hyperlink_url_object` and `hyperlink_destination_page_item`
+   collections.
+3. **Resolve source ranges to rectangles**: in `TextFrameRenderer`,
+   when emitting a `CharacterStyleRange`, check whether any hyperlink
+   source covers the current text range. If yes, emit the rectangle
+   for that range as a Link annotation.
+4. **Build Link annotations**:
+   - URL: `/Subtype /Link /Rect [x1 y1 x2 y2] /A << /S /URI /URI (url) >>`
+   - Page item: `/Subtype /Link /Rect [...] /D [page_ref /XYZ x y zoom]`
+5. **Pipeline plumbing**: each annotation needs a page reference;
+   add `writer.add_link_annotation(page_index:, rect:, uri: nil, dest: nil)`.
+
+## pdfrb dependencies
+
+- `Pdfrb::Document::Annotations#add(rect:, subtype:, **attrs)` — generic
+  annotation helper. Verify presence and signature.
+
+## Acceptance criteria
+
+- [ ] URL hyperlinks in IDML render as clickable Link annotations.
+- [ ] Cross-reference links jump to the correct page+position.
+- [ ] Hidden hyperlinks (`Visible="false"`) are skipped.
+- [ ] Spec covers URL, page-item, and invisible cases.
+
+## Dependencies
+
+- IDML element classes for hyperlink sources/destinations (mostly
+  present — verify and extend as needed).
+- pdfrb Annotations API.
+- Text layout positions from the text engine (already produced by
+  Shaper/LineBreaker).

data/TODO.pdf/79-bookmarks-outline.md

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# TODO PDF 79: PDF outline (bookmarks)
+
+## Status: PLANNED (design only)
+
+## Goal
+
+Map IDML `<Bookmark>` elements in `designmap.xml` to PDF outline
+entries via `PdfrbWriter#add_bookmark` (which delegates to
+`Pdfrb::Document::Outline#add`).
+
+Each IDML bookmark references a destination (page or page item) via
+its `Destination` attribute. The PDF outline is the clickable
+"bookmarks" panel in PDF readers — bookmarks make large documents
+navigable.
+
+## Background
+
+IDML models bookmarks in `designmap.xml`:
+
+```xml
+<Bookmark Self="Bookmark/abc" Name="Section 1"
+          Destination="PDFPageDestination/def"/>
+```
+
+The `Destination` attribute references a `PDFPageDestination_Object`
+(also in designmap.xml) which names the destination page and either
+a viewport setting (`FitView`, `FitWidth`, etc.) or a Y position.
+
+pdfrb's Outline API:
+
+```ruby
+document.outline.add(title, dest: page)  # add bookmark
+document.outline.add(title, dest: page, parent: parent)  # nested
+```
+
+`PdfrbWriter#add_bookmark(title, page_index)` already exists as a
+thin wrapper; this TODO extends it to accept named-destination
+resolution and adds Pipeline integration.
+
+## Plan
+
+1. **Parse bookmarks**: extend `Parts::Designmap` to expose
+   `bookmark` and `pdf_page_destination` collections (element classes
+   may need adding to `Idml::Elements`).
+2. **Resolve destinations**: a bookmark's `Destination` references a
+   `PDFPageDestination` whose `PageDestinationPage` references a
+   spread-page. Build a Self → page_index map at pipeline start.
+3. **Pipeline emit step**: after rendering all spreads, iterate
+   bookmarks and call
+   `writer.add_bookmark(name, page_index: page_index_of(destination))`.
+4. **Optional nesting**: if IDML exposes a parent/child relationship
+   (it doesn't directly — bookmarks are flat), the outline stays
+   flat. Future work could derive hierarchy from heading styles.
+
+## pdfrb dependencies
+
+- `Pdfrb::Document::Outline#add(title, dest:, parent: nil)` — DONE in
+  pdfrb 0.4.0. `dest` accepts a page object or reference.
+
+## Acceptance criteria
+
+- [ ] IDML bookmarks appear as top-level PDF outline entries.
+- [ ] Clicking a bookmark navigates to the right page.
+- [ ] Bookmarks with unresolvable destinations are skipped (no crash).
+- [ ] Spec covers a fixture with bookmarks + a fixture without.
+
+## Dependencies
+
+- Element classes `Idml::Elements::Bookmark`, `PDFPageDestination`
+  (TODO: add via rnc_to_lutaml generator).
+- Pipeline step ordering: outline must be built after all pages are
+  registered with the writer.

data/lib/idml/render/image_collector.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Idml
+  module Render
+    # Walks a Spread's page items, resolves image URIs against the
+    # package's base directory, deduplicates by URI, and emits
+    # placement refs (`{ name:, placement:, clip_box: }`) ready for
+    # `SpreadRenderer#render_images`.
+    #
+    # Extracted from `Pipeline` so the pipeline stays a sequence of
+    # high-level steps and the image-loading details live behind one
+    # object. Owns: file I/O, format detection, deduplication,
+    # placement math. Does not own: rendering (SpreadRenderer draws),
+    # layer filtering (caller passes a visible-only iterable).
+    class ImageCollector
+      DEFAULT_PAGE_HEIGHT = 792
+
+      def initialize(writer:, base_dir:, page_height: DEFAULT_PAGE_HEIGHT)
+        @writer = writer
+        @base_dir = base_dir
+        @page_height = page_height
+      end
+
+      # Enumerate every page item in `spread`, register its image
+      # children with the writer, and return the list of placement
+      # refs. Items whose `image` collection is empty or whose URIs
+      # cannot be resolved are skipped silently.
+      def collect(spread)
+        refs = []
+        spread.each_page_item do |item|
+          images_for(item).each do |image|
+            ref = register(image, item)
+            refs << ref if ref
+          end
+        end
+        refs
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def images_for(item)
+        case item
+        when Idml::Elements::Rectangle, Idml::Elements::Polygon
+          item.image || []
+        else
+          []
+        end
+      end
+
+      def register(image, parent)
+        uri = image.resource_uri
+        return nil unless uri
+
+        existing = @writer.image_name_for(uri)
+        return reuse(existing, image, parent) if existing
+
+        load_new(image, parent, uri)
+      end
+
+      def reuse(name, image, parent)
+        { name: name, placement: placement_for(image, parent),
+          clip_box: clip_box_for(parent) }
+      end
+
+      def load_new(image, parent, uri)
+        path = Image.resolve_path(uri, base_dir: @base_dir)
+        return nil unless File.exist?(path)
+
+        data = File.binread(path)
+        dims = dimensions_of(data)
+        return nil unless dims
+
+        name = @writer.add_image(data: data)
+        @writer.register_image_name(uri, name)
+        { name: name, placement: placement_for(image, parent, dims[1]),
+          clip_box: clip_box_for(parent) }
+      end
+
+      def clip_box_for(parent)
+        return nil unless parent.geometric_bounds
+
+        Geometry.placement_rect(parent.geometric_bounds,
+                                parent.item_transform, @page_height)
+      end
+
+      def dimensions_of(data)
+        format = Image.detect_format(data)
+        return nil unless format
+
+        format == :png ? Image.png_dimensions(data) : Image.jpeg_dimensions(data)
+      end
+
+      def placement_for(image, parent, pixel_height = 100)
+        Image.compute_placement(
+          image_transform: parse_transform(image.item_transform),
+          parent_transform: parse_transform(parent.item_transform),
+          pixel_height: pixel_height,
+          page_height: @page_height,
+        )
+      end
+
+      def parse_transform(raw)
+        Image.parse_transform(raw) || Image.identity
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/idml/render/page_item_renderer.rb

@@ -20,7 +20,11 @@ module Idml
         renderer = renderer_for(context.item)
         return nil unless renderer
 
-        renderer.render(canvas, context)
+        if context.structure&.enabled?
+          wrap_tagged(canvas, context) { renderer.render(canvas, context) }
+        else
+          renderer.render(canvas, context)
+        end
       end
 
       def self.renderer_for(item)
@@ -29,6 +33,19 @@ module Idml
 
         Render::Renderers.const_get(renderer_name)
       end
+
+      def self.wrap_tagged(canvas, context, &)
+        type = StructureMapper.type_for(context.item)
+        return yield unless type
+
+        tracker = context.structure
+        page_index = context.page_index || 0
+        mcid = tracker.next_mcid(page_index)
+        alt = StructureMapper.alt_for(context.item)
+        tracker.add(type, page_index: page_index, mcid: mcid, alt: alt)
+        canvas.tagged(type, mcid: mcid, &)
+      end
+      private_class_method :wrap_tagged
     end
   end
 end

data/lib/idml/render/pdfa_packet.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Idml
+  module Render
+    # Builds the PDF/A-2a XMP packet and attaches it to the PDF
+    # Catalog as the `/Metadata` stream. PDF/A requires:
+    #
+    #   1. An XMP metadata stream on `/Catalog` (not just `/Info`).
+    #   2. The packet must declare `pdfaid:part` and `pdfaid:conformance`.
+    #   3. `dc:format` must be `application/pdf`.
+    #
+    # ICC profile (output intent) embedding is handled separately by
+    # `OutputIntents#embed_icc` — see TODO 77 for the deferred plan
+    # to bundle sRGB and register the intent.
+    #
+    # The packet is built from the same fields already threaded
+    # through `PdfrbWriter#set_info`, so PDF/A output reuses the
+    # XMP-extracted values from the IDML packet (TODO 75).
+    module PdfaPacket
+      PDF_A_PART = 2
+      PDF_A_CONFORMANCE = "A"
+
+      # Returns the XMP packet bytes suitable for a `/Metadata` stream.
+      # @param metadata [Hash{Symbol => String}] the Info-dict fields
+      #   already assembled by the pipeline.
+      def self.build(metadata)
+        body = rdf_description(metadata)
+        "#{XMP_BEGIN}#{body}#{XMP_END}"
+      end
+
+      # Attaches the built packet to the document's Catalog as the
+      # `/Metadata` stream and sets `/Lang`. Idempotent — replaces
+      # any existing `/Metadata`.
+      def self.attach(document, metadata)
+        xmp = build(metadata)
+        stream = document.add(
+          { Type: :Metadata, Subtype: :XML, Length: xmp.bytesize },
+          type: Pdfrb::Model::Cos::Stream,
+        )
+        stream.stream = xmp
+        document.catalog.value[:Metadata] =
+          Pdfrb::Model::Reference.new(stream.oid, stream.gen)
+        document.catalog.value[:Lang] ||= "en-US"
+      end
+
+      XMP_BEGIN = "<?xpacket begin=\"\" id=\"W5M0MpCehiHzreSzNTczkc9d\"?>\n"
+      XMP_END = "<?xpacket end=\"w\"?>\n"
+      private_constant :XMP_BEGIN, :XMP_END
+
+      def self.rdf_description(metadata)
+        lines = [
+          '<x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/">',
+          '<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">',
+          '<rdf:Description rdf:about=""',
+          '    xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"',
+          '    xmlns:pdf="http://ns.adobe.com/pdf/1.3/"',
+          '    xmlns:xmp="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/"',
+          '    xmlns:pdfaid="http://www.aiim.org/pdfa/ns/id/">',
+        ]
+        lines += pdfaid_lines
+        lines += dc_lines(metadata)
+        lines += pdf_lines(metadata)
+        lines += xmp_lines(metadata)
+        lines << "</rdf:Description>"
+        lines << "</rdf:RDF>"
+        lines << "</x:xmpmeta>"
+        "#{lines.join("\n")}\n"
+      end
+      private_class_method :rdf_description
+
+      def self.pdfaid_lines
+        [
+          "  <pdfaid:part>#{PDF_A_PART}</pdfaid:part>",
+          "  <pdfaid:conformance>#{PDF_A_CONFORMANCE}</pdfaid:conformance>",
+        ]
+      end
+      private_class_method :pdfaid_lines
+
+      def self.dc_lines(metadata)
+        lines = []
+        if metadata[:Title]
+          lines << '  <dc:title><rdf:Alt><rdf:li xml:lang="x-default">' \
+                   "#{escape(metadata[:Title])}</rdf:li></rdf:Alt></dc:title>"
+        end
+        if metadata[:Author]
+          lines << "  <dc:creator><rdf:Seq>" \
+                   "<rdf:li>#{escape(metadata[:Author])}</rdf:li>" \
+                   "</rdf:Seq></dc:creator>"
+        end
+        if metadata[:Subject]
+          lines << '  <dc:description><rdf:Alt><rdf:li xml:lang="x-default">' \
+                   "#{escape(metadata[:Subject])}</rdf:li></rdf:Alt></dc:description>"
+        end
+        lines
+      end
+      private_class_method :dc_lines
+
+      def self.pdf_lines(metadata)
+        return [] unless metadata[:Keywords]
+
+        ["  <pdf:Keywords>#{escape(metadata[:Keywords])}</pdf:Keywords>"]
+      end
+      private_class_method :pdf_lines
+
+      def self.xmp_lines(metadata)
+        lines = []
+        lines << "  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>"
+        if metadata[:Creator]
+          lines << "  <xmp:CreatorTool>#{escape(metadata[:Creator])}</xmp:CreatorTool>"
+        end
+        lines << xmp_date_line("CreateDate", metadata[:CreationDate])
+        lines << xmp_date_line("ModifyDate", metadata[:ModDate])
+        lines << xmp_date_line("MetadataDate", metadata[:CreationDate])
+        lines.compact
+      end
+      private_class_method :xmp_lines
+
+      def self.xmp_date_line(name, value)
+        return nil unless value
+
+        "  <xmp:#{name}>#{escape(value)}</xmp:#{name}>"
+      end
+      private_class_method :xmp_date_line
+
+      def self.escape(text)
+        text.to_s
+          .gsub("&", "&amp;")
+          .gsub("<", "&lt;")
+          .gsub(">", "&gt;")
+          .gsub('"', "&quot;")
+      end
+      private_class_method :escape
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/idml/render/pdfrb_writer.rb

@@ -78,8 +78,9 @@ module Idml
       end
 
       def add_structure_element(type, page_index:, mcid:, text: nil, alt: nil)
+        page = @document.pages[page_index]
         @document.structure.add_element(type, text: text, alt: alt,
-                                              page: page_index, mcid: mcid)
+                                              page: page, mcid: mcid)
       end
 
       def build_structure

data/lib/idml/render/pipeline.rb

@@ -21,18 +21,24 @@ module Idml
 
       def call
         writer = PdfrbWriter.new
-        writer.set_info(combined_metadata)
+        metadata = combined_metadata
+        writer.set_info(metadata)
         writer.enable_tagged if @tagged
+        PdfaPacket.attach(writer.document, metadata) if pdfa_requested?
+        structure = StructureTracker.new(enabled: @tagged)
         layer_filter = LayerFilter.from_designmap(@package.designmap)
         font_ref_resolver = FontReferenceResolver.build(@package)
         base_dir = File.dirname(@package.path)
         font_name = register_font(writer)
+        page_index = -1
 
         @package.spreads.each do |spread|
-          render_spread_pages(writer, spread, base_dir, layer_filter,
-                              font_ref_resolver, font_name)
+          page_index = render_spread_pages(writer, spread, base_dir,
+                                           layer_filter, font_ref_resolver,
+                                           font_name, structure, page_index)
         end
 
+        structure.flush(writer)
         writer.build_structure if @tagged
         writer.subset_fonts! if @subset_fonts
         writer.write(@output_path)
@@ -41,113 +47,43 @@ module Idml
 
       private
 
+      def pdfa_requested?
+        @compliance&.to_s&.start_with?("pdfa")
+      end
+
       def render_spread_pages(writer, spread, base_dir, layer_filter,
-                              font_ref_resolver, font_name)
+                              font_ref_resolver, font_name, structure,
+                              page_offset)
         pages = spread.spread.flat_map(&:page)
-        image_refs = collect_images(writer, spread, base_dir, layer_filter)
-        renderer = build_renderer(layer_filter, font_ref_resolver, font_name)
+        image_refs = ImageCollector.new(writer: writer, base_dir: base_dir,
+                                        page_height: DEFAULT_HEIGHT).collect(spread)
+        renderer = build_renderer(layer_filter, font_ref_resolver, font_name,
+                                  structure: structure)
+        current = page_offset
 
         pages.each do |page|
+          current += 1
           dims = page_dimensions_for(page)
           canvas = writer.add_page(width: dims[:width], height: dims[:height])
           renderer.render(canvas, spread, page_width: dims[:width],
                                           page_height: dims[:height],
-                                          image_refs: image_refs)
+                                          image_refs: image_refs,
+                                          page_index: current)
         end
+        current
       end
 
-      def build_renderer(layer_filter, font_ref_resolver, font_name)
+      def build_renderer(layer_filter, font_ref_resolver, font_name, structure:)
         SpreadRenderer.new(
           font_resolver: @font_resolver,
           font_ps_name: font_name,
           package: @package,
           layer_filter: layer_filter,
           font_ref_resolver: font_ref_resolver,
+          structure: structure,
         )
       end
 
-      def collect_images(writer, spread, base_dir, layer_filter)
-        refs = []
-        spread.each_page_item do |item|
-          next unless layer_filter.visible?(item)
-
-          images_for_item(item).each do |img|
-            ref = register_image(writer, img, item, base_dir)
-            refs << ref if ref
-          end
-        end
-        refs
-      end
-
-      def images_for_item(item)
-        case item
-        when Idml::Elements::Rectangle, Idml::Elements::Polygon
-          item.image
-        else
-          []
-        end
-      end
-
-      def register_image(writer, image, parent, base_dir)
-        uri = image.resource_uri
-        return nil unless uri
-
-        existing = writer.image_name_for(uri)
-        return reuse_image(writer, existing, image, parent) if existing
-
-        load_new_image(writer, image, parent, base_dir, uri)
-      end
-
-      def reuse_image(_writer, name, image, parent)
-        { name: name, placement: compute_placement(image, parent),
-          clip_box: parent_clip_box(parent) }
-      end
-
-      def load_new_image(writer, image, parent, base_dir, uri)
-        path = Image.resolve_path(uri, base_dir: base_dir)
-        return nil unless File.exist?(path)
-
-        data = File.binread(path)
-        dims = image_dimensions(data)
-        return nil unless dims
-
-        name = writer.add_image(data: data)
-        writer.register_image_name(uri, name)
-        { name: name, placement: compute_placement(image, parent, dims[1]),
-          clip_box: parent_clip_box(parent) }
-      end
-
-      def parent_clip_box(parent)
-        return nil unless parent.geometric_bounds
-
-        Geometry.placement_rect(parent.geometric_bounds,
-                                parent.item_transform, DEFAULT_HEIGHT)
-      end
-
-      def image_dimensions(data)
-        format = Image.detect_format(data)
-        return nil unless format
-
-        if format == :png
-          Image.png_dimensions(data)
-        else
-          Image.jpeg_dimensions(data)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def compute_placement(image, parent, pixel_height = 100)
-        Image.compute_placement(
-          image_transform: parse_transform_safe(image.item_transform),
-          parent_transform: parse_transform_safe(parent.item_transform),
-          pixel_height: pixel_height,
-          page_height: DEFAULT_HEIGHT,
-        )
-      end
-
-      def parse_transform_safe(str)
-        Image.parse_transform(str) || Image.identity
-      end
-
       def page_dimensions_for(page)
         { width: page.width || DEFAULT_WIDTH,
           height: page.height || DEFAULT_HEIGHT }

data/lib/idml/render/render_context.rb

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ module Idml
       :page_width,
       :page_height,
       :layer_filter,
+      :structure,
+      :page_index,
       keyword_init: true,
     )
   end

data/lib/idml/render/spread_renderer.rb

@@ -6,15 +6,17 @@ module Idml
     class SpreadRenderer
       def initialize(font_resolver: nil, font_ps_name: Render::DEFAULT_FONT,
                      package: nil, layer_filter: LayerFilter::EXCLUDE_NONE,
-                     font_ref_resolver: nil)
+                     font_ref_resolver: nil, structure: nil)
         @font_resolver = font_resolver
         @font_ps_name = font_ps_name
         @package = package
         @layer_filter = layer_filter
         @font_ref_resolver = font_ref_resolver
+        @structure = structure
       end
 
-      def render(canvas, spread, page_width:, page_height:, image_refs: [])
+      def render(canvas, spread, page_width:, page_height:, image_refs: [],
+                 page_index: 0)
         context_base = {
           package: @package,
           font_resolver: @font_resolver,
@@ -24,6 +26,8 @@ module Idml
           page_width: page_width,
           page_height: page_height,
           layer_filter: @layer_filter,
+          structure: @structure,
+          page_index: page_index,
         }
 
         canvas.save_graphics_state do

data/lib/idml/render/structure_mapper.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Idml
+  module Render
+    # Maps IDML page-item classes to PDF structure types (PDF 1.7
+    # §14.8.4). Each visible page item becomes one structure element
+    # when tagged output is enabled.
+    #
+    # Mapping rationale:
+    #   TextFrame → P (paragraph)
+    #   Group     → Sect (section, contains children)
+    #   Table     → Table
+    #   Rectangle/Polygon with image → Figure
+    #   Rectangle/Polygon without image → Path (decorative shape)
+    #   GraphicLine → Path
+    #
+    # The PDF spec reserves lowercase for standard types; pdfrb's
+    # `add_element(type:)` accepts a Symbol which is serialised as
+    # `/Type`. We use Title-case Symbols to match the spec's typical
+    # spelling (P, Sect, Table, Figure, Path).
+    module StructureMapper
+      def self.type_for(item)
+        case item
+        when Idml::Elements::TextFrame then :P
+        when Idml::Elements::Group then :Sect
+        when Idml::Elements::Table then :Table
+        when Idml::Elements::GraphicLine then :Path
+        when Idml::Elements::Rectangle, Idml::Elements::Polygon
+          shape_type(item)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def self.shape_type(item)
+        image?(item) ? :Figure : :Path
+      end
+      private_class_method :shape_type
+
+      # Optional `Alt` text for Figure elements. IDML doesn't have a
+      # dedicated alt-text attribute on `<Image>`, but the parent
+      # page item's `Name` (if present) is a useful fallback.
+      def self.alt_for(item)
+        case item
+        when Idml::Elements::Rectangle, Idml::Elements::Polygon
+          image?(item) ? item.name : nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      def self.image?(item)
+        Array(item.image).any?
+      end
+      private_class_method :image?
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/idml/render/structure_tracker.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Idml
+  module Render
+    # Allocates MCID integers per page and buffers structure-element
+    # registrations until `Pipeline` is ready to flush them. Created
+    # once per pipeline run; `enabled?` is false when `tagged:` was
+    # not requested, in which case every method is a no-op.
+    class StructureTracker
+      def initialize(enabled: false)
+        @enabled = enabled
+        @entries = []
+        @page_mcids = Hash.new(0)
+      end
+
+      def enabled?
+        @enabled
+      end
+
+      # Returns the next MCID for the given page index. MCIDs are
+      # per-page in PDF (reset to 0 on each new page).
+      def next_mcid(page_index)
+        current = @page_mcids[page_index]
+        @page_mcids[page_index] = current + 1
+        current
+      end
+
+      def add(type, page_index:, mcid:, text: nil, alt: nil)
+        return unless @enabled
+
+        @entries << Entry.new(type, page_index, mcid, text, alt)
+      end
+
+      # Push buffered entries into the writer in registration order.
+      def flush(writer)
+        return unless @enabled
+
+        @entries.each do |entry|
+          writer.add_structure_element(entry.type, page_index: entry.page_index,
+                                                   mcid: entry.mcid,
+                                                   text: entry.text,
+                                                   alt: entry.alt)
+        end
+      end
+
+      Entry = Struct.new(:type, :page_index, :mcid, :text, :alt, keyword_init: true) do
+        def initialize(type, page_index, mcid, text, alt)
+          super(type: type, page_index: page_index, mcid: mcid,
+                text: text, alt: alt)
+        end
+      end
+      private_constant :Entry
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/idml/render.rb

@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ module Idml
     autoload :StrokeStyle,         "#{__dir__}/render/stroke_style"
     autoload :LayerFilter,         "#{__dir__}/render/layer_filter"
     autoload :Placement,           "#{__dir__}/render/placement"
+    autoload :ImageCollector,      "#{__dir__}/render/image_collector"
+    autoload :StructureTracker,    "#{__dir__}/render/structure_tracker"
+    autoload :StructureMapper,     "#{__dir__}/render/structure_mapper"
+    autoload :PdfaPacket,          "#{__dir__}/render/pdfa_packet"
     autoload :StoryThreader,       "#{__dir__}/render/story_threader"
     autoload :PdfrbWriter, "#{__dir__}/render/pdfrb_writer"
     autoload :SpreadRenderer,      "#{__dir__}/render/spread_renderer"

data/lib/idml/version.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Idml
-  VERSION = "0.2.9"
+  VERSION = "0.3.0"
 end

metadata

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: idml
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 0.2.9
+  version: 0.3.0
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Ribose
@@ -218,6 +218,8 @@ files:
 - TODO.pdf/75-pdf-metadata-from-xmp.md
 - TODO.pdf/76-tagged-pdf-structure.md
 - TODO.pdf/77-pdfa-xmp-output-intent.md
+- TODO.pdf/78-hyperlinks.md
+- TODO.pdf/79-bookmarks-outline.md
 - TODO.pdf/README.md
 - exe/idml
 - idml.gemspec
@@ -389,8 +391,10 @@ files:
 - lib/idml/render/font_reference_resolver.rb
 - lib/idml/render/gradient_resolver.rb
 - lib/idml/render/image.rb
+- lib/idml/render/image_collector.rb
 - lib/idml/render/layer_filter.rb
 - lib/idml/render/page_item_renderer.rb
+- lib/idml/render/pdfa_packet.rb
 - lib/idml/render/pdfrb_writer.rb
 - lib/idml/render/pipeline.rb
 - lib/idml/render/placement.rb
@@ -405,6 +409,8 @@ files:
 - lib/idml/render/spread_renderer.rb
 - lib/idml/render/story_threader.rb
 - lib/idml/render/stroke_style.rb
+- lib/idml/render/structure_mapper.rb
+- lib/idml/render/structure_tracker.rb
 - lib/idml/render/style_resolver.rb
 - lib/idml/text_engine.rb
 - lib/idml/text_engine/cjk_layout.rb