id3tag 0.1.1 → 0.2.0

data/lib/id3tag/frames/v2/genre_frame.rb

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ module ID3Tag
         private
 
         def get_genres
-          genre_parser.new(@raw_content).genres
+          genre_parser.new(usable_content).genres
         end
 
         def genre_parser

data/lib/id3tag/frames/v2/text_frame.rb

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module  ID3Tag
   module Frames
     module  V2
       class TextFrame < BasicFrame
-        class UnsupportedTextEncoding < StandardError; end
+        UnsupportedTextEncoding = Class.new(StandardError)
         ENCODING_MAP = {
           0b0 => Encoding::ISO8859_1,
           0b1 => Encoding::UTF_16,
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ module  ID3Tag
         end
 
         def get_encoding_byte
-          @raw_content.getbyte(0)
+          usable_content.getbyte(0)
         end
 
         def content_without_encoding_byte
-          @raw_content.byteslice(1, @raw_content.bytesize - 1)
+          usable_content.byteslice(1, usable_content.bytesize - 1)
         end
       end
     end

data/lib/id3tag/frames/v2/unique_file_id_frame.rb

@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ module  ID3Tag
           content_split_apart_by_null_byte.last
         end
 
+        def inspectable_content
+          "#{owner_identifier}"
+        end
+
         private
 
         def content_split_apart_by_null_byte
-          @raw_content.split("\x00", 2)
-        end
-
-        def inspect_content
-          "#{owner_identifier}"
+          usable_content.split("\x00", 2)
         end
       end
     end

data/spec/lib/id3tag/frames/v2/basic_frame_spec.rb

@@ -15,6 +15,81 @@ describe ID3Tag::Frames::V2::BasicFrame do
   describe '#content' do
     subject { frame.content }
     it { should == 'bar' }
+    context "when frame contains unsynchronised content" do
+      subject { frame }
+      let(:flags) { [0b00000000, 0b00000010].pack("C2") }
+      let(:raw_content) { "\xFF\x00\xEE\xEE" }
+      its(:content) { should eq("\xFF\xEE\xEE") }
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#final_size' do
+    subject { frame }
+    context "when all frags nulled" do
+      let(:raw_content) { 'foo' }
+      let(:flags) { nil }
+      its(:final_size) { should eq 3 }
+    end
+    context "when frame is compressed and data length is set" do
+      let(:flags) { [0b00000000, 0b00001001].pack("C2") }
+      let(:raw_content) { [55].pack("N") + 'foo' }
+      its(:final_size) { should eq 55 }
+      its(:content) { should eq "foo" }
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#group_id' do
+    subject { frame }
+    context "when all frags nulled" do
+      let(:raw_content) { 'foo' }
+      let(:flags) { nil }
+      its(:group_id) { should eq nil }
+    end
+    context "when frame is compressed and data length is set" do
+      let(:flags) { [0b00000000, 0b01000000].pack("C2") }
+      let(:raw_content) { [33].pack("C") + 'foo' }
+      its(:content) { should eq "foo" }
+      its(:group_id) { should eq 33 }
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#encryption_id' do
+    subject { frame }
+    context "when all frags nulled" do
+      let(:raw_content) { 'foo' }
+      let(:flags) { nil }
+      its(:encryption_id) { should eq nil }
+    end
+    context "when frame is compressed and data length is set" do
+      let(:flags) { [0b00000000, 0b00000100].pack("C2") }
+      let(:raw_content) { [1].pack("C") + 'foo' }
+      its(:content) { should eq "foo" }
+      its(:encryption_id) { should eq 1 }
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "frame future query methods" do
+    subject { frame }
+    describe "#read_only?" do
+      it "should delegate to FrameFlags class" do
+        ID3Tag::Frames::V2::FrameFlags.any_instance.should_receive(:read_only?)
+        subject.read_only?
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "#preserve_on_tag_alteration?" do
+      it "should delegate to FrameFlags class" do
+        ID3Tag::Frames::V2::FrameFlags.any_instance.should_receive(:preserve_on_tag_alteration?)
+        subject.preserve_on_tag_alteration?
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "#preserve_on_file_alteration?" do
+      it "should delegate to FrameFlags class" do
+        ID3Tag::Frames::V2::FrameFlags.any_instance.should_receive(:preserve_on_file_alteration?)
+        subject.preserve_on_file_alteration?
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   describe '#inspect' do

data/spec/lib/id3tag/frames/v2/frame_flags_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe ID3Tag::Frames::V2::FrameFlags do
+  subject { described_class.new(flag_bytes, version) }
+
+  context "When major version is 2" do
+    let(:flag_bytes) { nil }
+    let(:version) { 2 }
+
+    its(:preserve_on_tag_alteration?) { should be_true }
+    its(:preserve_on_file_alteration?) { should be_true }
+    its(:read_only?) { should be_false }
+    its(:compressed?) { should be_false }
+    its(:encrypted?) { should be_false }
+    its(:grouped?) { should be_false }
+    its(:unsynchronised?) { should be_false }
+    its(:data_length_indicator?) { should be_false }
+    its(:additional_info_byte_count) { should eq 0 }
+    its(:position_and_count_of_data_length_bytes) { should eq nil }
+    its(:position_and_count_of_group_id_bytes) { should eq nil }
+    its(:position_and_count_of_encryption_id_bytes) { should eq nil }
+  end
+
+  context "when major version is 3" do
+    let(:version) { 3 }
+    context "when all flags are nulled" do
+      let(:flag_bytes) { [0b00000000, 0b00000000].pack("C2") }
+      its(:preserve_on_tag_alteration?) { should be_true }
+      its(:preserve_on_file_alteration?) { should be_true }
+      its(:read_only?) { should be_false }
+      its(:compressed?) { should be_false }
+      its(:encrypted?) { should be_false }
+      its(:grouped?) { should be_false }
+      its(:unsynchronised?) { should be_false }
+      its(:data_length_indicator?) { should be_false }
+      its(:additional_info_byte_count) { should eq 0 }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_data_length_bytes) { should eq nil }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_group_id_bytes) { should eq nil }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_encryption_id_bytes) { should eq nil }
+    end
+
+    context "when compression is on" do
+      let(:flag_bytes) { [0b00000000, 0b10000000].pack("C2") }
+      its(:preserve_on_tag_alteration?) { should be_true }
+      its(:preserve_on_file_alteration?) { should be_true }
+      its(:read_only?) { should be_false }
+      its(:compressed?) { should be_true }
+      its(:encrypted?) { should be_false }
+      its(:grouped?) { should be_false }
+      its(:unsynchronised?) { should be_false }
+      its(:data_length_indicator?) { should be_false }
+      its(:additional_info_byte_count) { should eq 4 }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_data_length_bytes) { should eq [0, 4] }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_group_id_bytes) { should eq nil }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_encryption_id_bytes) { should eq nil }
+    end
+
+    context "when compression and group id is on" do
+      let(:flag_bytes) { [0b00000000, 0b10100000].pack("C2") }
+      its(:preserve_on_tag_alteration?) { should be_true }
+      its(:preserve_on_file_alteration?) { should be_true }
+      its(:read_only?) { should be_false }
+      its(:compressed?) { should be_true }
+      its(:encrypted?) { should be_false }
+      its(:grouped?) { should be_true }
+      its(:unsynchronised?) { should be_false }
+      its(:data_length_indicator?) { should be_false }
+      its(:additional_info_byte_count) { should eq 5 }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_data_length_bytes) { should eq [0, 4] }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_group_id_bytes) { should eq [4, 1] }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_encryption_id_bytes) { should eq nil }
+    end
+
+    context "when all flags are 1" do
+      let(:flag_bytes) { [0b11100000, 0b11100000].pack("C2") }
+      its(:preserve_on_tag_alteration?) { should be_false }
+      its(:preserve_on_file_alteration?) { should be_false }
+      its(:read_only?) { should be_true }
+      its(:compressed?) { should be_true }
+      its(:encrypted?) { should be_true }
+      its(:grouped?) { should be_true }
+      its(:unsynchronised?) { should be_false }
+      its(:data_length_indicator?) { should be_false }
+      its(:additional_info_byte_count) { should eq 6 }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_data_length_bytes) { should eq [0, 4] }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_group_id_bytes) { should eq [5, 1] }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_encryption_id_bytes) { should eq [4, 1] }
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "when major version is 4" do
+    let(:version) { 4 }
+    context "when all flags are nulled" do
+      let(:flag_bytes) { [0b00000000, 0b00000000].pack("C2") }
+      its(:preserve_on_tag_alteration?) { should be_true }
+      its(:preserve_on_file_alteration?) { should be_true }
+      its(:read_only?) { should be_false }
+      its(:compressed?) { should be_false }
+      its(:encrypted?) { should be_false }
+      its(:grouped?) { should be_false }
+      its(:unsynchronised?) { should be_false }
+      its(:data_length_indicator?) { should be_false }
+      its(:additional_info_byte_count) { should eq 0 }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_data_length_bytes) { should eq nil }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_group_id_bytes) { should eq nil }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_encryption_id_bytes) { should eq nil }
+    end
+
+    context "when compression is on" do
+      let(:flag_bytes) { [0b00000000, 0b00001001].pack("C2") }
+      its(:preserve_on_tag_alteration?) { should be_true }
+      its(:preserve_on_file_alteration?) { should be_true }
+      its(:read_only?) { should be_false }
+      its(:compressed?) { should be_true }
+      its(:encrypted?) { should be_false }
+      its(:grouped?) { should be_false }
+      its(:unsynchronised?) { should be_false }
+      its(:data_length_indicator?) { should be_true }
+      its(:additional_info_byte_count) { should eq 4 }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_data_length_bytes) { should eq [0, 4] }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_group_id_bytes) { should eq nil }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_encryption_id_bytes) { should eq nil }
+    end
+
+    context "when compression and group id is on" do
+      let(:flag_bytes) { [0b00000000, 0b01001001].pack("C2") }
+      its(:preserve_on_tag_alteration?) { should be_true }
+      its(:preserve_on_file_alteration?) { should be_true }
+      its(:read_only?) { should be_false }
+      its(:compressed?) { should be_true }
+      its(:encrypted?) { should be_false }
+      its(:grouped?) { should be_true }
+      its(:unsynchronised?) { should be_false }
+      its(:data_length_indicator?) { should be_true }
+      its(:additional_info_byte_count) { should eq 5 }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_data_length_bytes) { should eq [1, 4] }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_group_id_bytes) { should eq [0, 1] }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_encryption_id_bytes) { should eq nil }
+    end
+
+    context "when all flags are 1" do
+      let(:flag_bytes) { [0b01110000, 0b01001111].pack("C2") }
+      its(:preserve_on_tag_alteration?) { should be_false }
+      its(:preserve_on_file_alteration?) { should be_false }
+      its(:read_only?) { should be_true }
+      its(:compressed?) { should be_true }
+      its(:encrypted?) { should be_true }
+      its(:grouped?) { should be_true }
+      its(:unsynchronised?) { should be_true }
+      its(:data_length_indicator?) { should be_true }
+      its(:additional_info_byte_count) { should eq 6 }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_data_length_bytes) { should eq [2, 4] }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_group_id_bytes) { should eq [0, 1] }
+      its(:position_and_count_of_encryption_id_bytes) { should eq [1, 1] }
+    end
+  end
+end

data/spec/lib/id3tag/tag_spec.rb

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 require "spec_helper"
 
 describe ID3Tag::Tag do
-  describe "class method #read" do
-
-  end
+  describe "class method #read"
 
   context "when file has v2.4.x tag and v.1.x tag" do
     subject { described_class.read(nil) }

data/standard_documents/id3v2-00.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,1657 @@
+Informal standard                                             M. Nilsson
+Document: id3v2-00.txt                                   26th March 1998
+
+
+                            ID3 tag version 2
+
+Status of this document
+
+   This document is an Informal standard and is released so that
+   implementors could have a set standard before the formal standard is
+   set. The formal standard will use another version number if not
+   identical to what is described in this document. The contents in this
+   document may change for clarifications but never for added or altered
+   functionallity.
+
+   Distribution of this document is unlimited.
+
+
+Abstract
+
+   The recent gain of popularity for MPEG layer III audio files on the
+   internet forced a standardised way of storing information about an
+   audio file within itself to determinate its origin and contents.
+
+   Today the most accepted way to do this is with the so called ID3 tag,
+   which is simple but very limited and in some cases very unsuitable.
+   The ID3 tag has very limited space in every field, very limited
+   numbers of fields, not expandable or upgradeable and is placed at the
+   end of a the file, which is unsuitable for streaming audio. This draft
+   is an attempt to answer these issues with a new version of the ID3
+   tag.
+
+
+1.   Table of contents
+
+   2.   Conventions in this document
+   3.   ID3v2 overview
+     3.1.   ID3v2 header
+     3.2.   ID3v2 frames overview
+   4.   Declared ID3v2 frames
+     4.1.   Unique file identifier
+     4.2.   Text information frames
+       4.2.1.   Text information frames - details
+       4.2.2.   User defined text information frame
+     4.3.   URL link frames
+       4.3.1.   URL link frames - details
+       4.3.2.   User defined URL link frame
+     4.4.   Involved people list
+     4.5.   Music CD Identifier
+     4.6.   Event timing codes
+     4.7.   MPEG location lookup table
+     4.8.   Synced tempo codes
+     4.9.   Unsychronised lyrics/text transcription
+     4.10.  Synchronised lyrics/text
+     4.11.  Comments
+     4.12.  Relative volume adjustment
+     4.13.  Equalisation
+     4.14.  Reverb
+     4.15.  Attached picture
+     4.16.  General encapsulated object
+     4.17.  Play counter
+     4.18.  Popularimeter
+     4.19.  Recommended buffer size
+     4.20.  Encrypted meta frame
+     4.21.  Audio encryption
+     4.22.  Linked information
+   5.   The 'unsynchronisation scheme'
+   6.   Copyright
+   7.   References
+   8.   Appendix
+     A.   Appendix A - ID3-Tag Specification V1.1
+       A.1.   Overview
+       A.2.   ID3v1 Implementation
+       A.3.   Genre List
+       A.4.   Track addition - ID3v1.1
+   9.   Author's Address
+
+
+2.   Conventions in this document
+
+   In the examples, text within "" is a text string exactly as it appears
+   in a file. Numbers preceded with $ are hexadecimal and numbers
+   preceded with % are binary. $xx is used to indicate a byte with
+   unknown content. %x is used to indicate a bit with unknown content.
+   The most significant bit (MSB) of a byte is called 'bit 7' and the
+   least significant bit (LSB) is called 'bit 0'.
+
+   A tag is the whole tag described in this document. A frame is a block
+   of information in the tag. The tag consists of a header, frames and
+   optional padding. A field is a piece of information; one value, a
+   string etc. A numeric string is a string that consists of the
+   characters 0-9 only.
+
+
+3.   ID3v2 overview
+
+   The two biggest design goals were to be able to implement ID3v2
+   without disturbing old software too much and that ID3v2 should be
+   expandable.
+
+   The first criterion is met by the simple fact that the MPEG [MPEG]
+   decoding software uses a syncsignal, embedded in the audiostream, to
+   'lock on to' the audio. Since the ID3v2 tag doesn't contain a valid
+   syncsignal, no software will attempt to play the tag. If, for any
+   reason, coincidence make a syncsignal appear within the tag it will be
+   taken care of by the 'unsynchronisation scheme' described in section
+   5.
+
+   The second criterion has made a more noticeable impact on the design
+   of the ID3v2 tag. It is constructed as a container for several
+   information blocks, called frames, whose format need not be known to
+   the software that encounters them. At the start of every frame there
+   is an identifier that explains the frames's format and content, and a
+   size descriptor that allows software to skip unknown frames.
+
+   If a total revision of the ID3v2 tag should be needed, there is a
+   version number and a size descriptor in the ID3v2 header.
+
+   The ID3 tag described in this document is mainly targeted to files
+   encoded with MPEG-2 layer I, MPEG-2 layer II, MPEG-2 layer III and
+   MPEG-2.5, but may work with other types of encoded audio.
+
+   The bitorder in ID3v2 is most significant bit first (MSB). The
+   byteorder in multibyte numbers is most significant byte first (e.g.
+   $12345678 would be encoded $12 34 56 78).
+
+   It is permitted to include padding after all the final frame (at the
+   end of the ID3 tag), making the size of all the frames together
+   smaller than the size given in the head of the tag. A possible purpose
+   of this padding is to allow for adding a few additional frames or
+   enlarge existing frames within the tag without having to rewrite the
+   entire file. The value of the padding bytes must be $00.
+
+
+3.1.   ID3v2 header
+
+   The ID3v2 tag header, which should be the first information in the
+   file, is 10 bytes as follows:
+
+     ID3/file identifier      "ID3"
+     ID3 version              $02 00
+     ID3 flags                %xx000000
+     ID3 size             4 * %0xxxxxxx
+
+   The first three bytes of the tag are always "ID3" to indicate that
+   this is an ID3 tag, directly followed by the two version bytes. The
+   first byte of ID3 version is it's major version, while the second byte
+   is its revision number. All revisions are backwards compatible while
+   major versions are not. If software with ID3v2 and below support
+   should encounter version three or higher it should simply ignore the
+   whole tag. Version and revision will never be $FF.
+
+   The first bit (bit 7) in the 'ID3 flags' is indicating whether or not
+   unsynchronisation is used (see section 5 for details); a set bit
+   indicates usage.
+
+   The second bit (bit 6) is indicating whether or not compression is
+   used; a set bit indicates usage. Since no compression scheme has been
+   decided yet, the ID3 decoder (for now) should just ignore the entire
+   tag if the compression bit is set.
+
+   The ID3 tag size is encoded with four bytes where the first bit (bit
+   7) is set to zero in every byte, making a total of 28 bits. The zeroed
+   bits are ignored, so a 257 bytes long tag is represented as $00 00 02
+   01.
+
+   The ID3 tag size is the size of the complete tag after
+   unsychronisation, including padding, excluding the header (total tag
+   size - 10). The reason to use 28 bits (representing up to 256MB) for
+   size description is that we don't want to run out of space here.
+
+   A ID3v2 tag can be detected with the following pattern:
+     $49 44 33 yy yy xx zz zz zz zz
+   Where yy is less than $FF, xx is the 'flags' byte and zz is less than
+   $80.
+
+
+3.2.   ID3v2 frames overview
+
+   The headers of the frames are similar in their construction. They
+   consist of one three character identifier (capital A-Z and 0-9) and
+   one three byte size field, making a total of six bytes. The header is
+   excluded from the size. Identifiers beginning with "X", "Y" and "Z"
+   are for experimental use and free for everyone to use. Have in mind
+   that someone else might have used the same identifier as you. All
+   other identifiers are either used or reserved for future use.
+
+   The three character frame identifier is followed by a three byte size
+   descriptor, making a total header size of six bytes in every frame.
+   The size is calculated as framesize excluding frame identifier and
+   size descriptor (frame size - 6).
+
+   There is no fixed order of the frames' appearance in the tag, although
+   it is desired that the frames are arranged in order of significance
+   concerning the recognition of the file. An example of such order:
+   UFI, MCI, TT2 ...
+
+   A tag must contain at least one frame. A frame must be at least 1 byte
+   big, excluding the 6-byte header.
+
+   If nothing else is said a string is represented as ISO-8859-1
+   [ISO-8859-1] characters in the range $20 - $FF. All unicode strings
+   [UNICODE] use 16-bit unicode 2.0 (ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993, UCS-2). All
+   numeric strings are always encoded as ISO-8859-1. Terminated strings
+   are terminated with $00 if encoded with ISO-8859-1 and $00 00 if
+   encoded as unicode. If nothing else is said newline character is
+   forbidden. In ISO-8859-1 a new line is represented, when allowed, with
+   $0A only. Frames that allow different types of text encoding have a
+   text encoding description byte directly after the frame size. If
+   ISO-8859-1 is used this byte should be $00, if unicode is used it
+   should be $01.
+
+   The three byte language field is used to describe the language of the
+   frame's content, according to ISO-639-2 [ISO-639-2].
+
+   All URLs [URL] may be relative, e.g. "picture.png", "../doc.txt".
+
+   If a frame is longer than it should be, e.g. having more fields than
+   specified in this document, that indicates that additions to the
+   frame have been made in a later version of the ID3 standard. This
+   is reflected by the revision number in the header of the tag.
+
+
+4.   Declared ID3v2 frames
+
+   The following frames are declared in this draft.
+
+   4.19  BUF Recommended buffer size
+
+   4.17  CNT Play counter
+   4.11  COM Comments
+   4.21  CRA Audio encryption
+   4.20  CRM Encrypted meta frame
+
+   4.6   ETC Event timing codes
+   4.13  EQU Equalization
+
+   4.16  GEO General encapsulated object
+
+   4.4   IPL Involved people list
+
+   4.22  LNK Linked information
+
+   4.5   MCI Music CD Identifier
+   4.7   MLL MPEG location lookup table
+
+   4.15  PIC Attached picture
+   4.18  POP Popularimeter
+
+   4.14  REV Reverb
+   4.12  RVA Relative volume adjustment
+
+   4.10  SLT Synchronized lyric/text
+   4.8   STC Synced tempo codes
+
+   4.2.1 TAL Album/Movie/Show title
+   4.2.1 TBP BPM (Beats Per Minute)
+   4.2.1 TCM Composer
+   4.2.1 TCO Content type
+   4.2.1 TCR Copyright message
+   4.2.1 TDA Date
+   4.2.1 TDY Playlist delay
+   4.2.1 TEN Encoded by
+   4.2.1 TFT File type
+   4.2.1 TIM Time
+   4.2.1 TKE Initial key
+   4.2.1 TLA Language(s)
+   4.2.1 TLE Length
+   4.2.1 TMT Media type
+   4.2.1 TOA Original artist(s)/performer(s)
+   4.2.1 TOF Original filename
+   4.2.1 TOL Original Lyricist(s)/text writer(s)
+   4.2.1 TOR Original release year
+   4.2.1 TOT Original album/Movie/Show title
+   4.2.1 TP1 Lead artist(s)/Lead performer(s)/Soloist(s)/Performing group
+   4.2.1 TP2 Band/Orchestra/Accompaniment
+   4.2.1 TP3 Conductor/Performer refinement
+   4.2.1 TP4 Interpreted, remixed, or otherwise modified by
+   4.2.1 TPA Part of a set
+   4.2.1 TPB Publisher
+   4.2.1 TRC ISRC (International Standard Recording Code)
+   4.2.1 TRD Recording dates
+   4.2.1 TRK Track number/Position in set
+   4.2.1 TSI Size
+   4.2.1 TSS Software/hardware and settings used for encoding
+   4.2.1 TT1 Content group description
+   4.2.1 TT2 Title/Songname/Content description
+   4.2.1 TT3 Subtitle/Description refinement
+   4.2.1 TXT Lyricist/text writer
+   4.2.2 TXX User defined text information frame
+   4.2.1 TYE Year
+
+   4.1   UFI Unique file identifier
+   4.9   ULT Unsychronized lyric/text transcription
+
+   4.3.1 WAF Official audio file webpage
+   4.3.1 WAR Official artist/performer webpage
+   4.3.1 WAS Official audio source webpage
+   4.3.1 WCM Commercial information
+   4.3.1 WCP Copyright/Legal information
+   4.3.1 WPB Publishers official webpage
+   4.3.2 WXX User defined URL link frame
+
+
+4.1.   Unique file identifier
+
+   This frame's purpose is to be able to identify the audio file in a
+   database that may contain more information relevant to the content.
+   Since standardisation of such a database is beyond this document, all
+   frames begin with a null-terminated string with a URL [URL] containing
+   an email address, or a link to a location where an email address can
+   be found, that belongs to the organisation responsible for this
+   specific database implementation. Questions regarding the database
+   should be sent to the indicated email address. The URL should not be
+   used for the actual database queries. If a $00 is found directly after
+   the 'Frame size' the whole frame should be ignored, and preferably be
+   removed. The 'Owner identifier' is then followed by the actual
+   identifier, which may be up to 64 bytes. There may be more than one
+   "UFI" frame in a tag, but only one with the same 'Owner identifier'.
+
+     Unique file identifier  "UFI"
+     Frame size              $xx xx xx
+     Owner identifier        <textstring> $00
+     Identifier              <up to 64 bytes binary data>
+
+
+4.2.   Text information frames
+
+   The text information frames are the most important frames, containing
+   information like artist, album and more. There may only be one text
+   information frame of its kind in an tag. If the textstring is followed
+   by a termination ($00 (00)) all the following information should be
+   ignored and not be displayed. All the text information frames have the
+   following format:
+
+     Text information identifier  "T00" - "TZZ" , excluding "TXX",
+                                   described in 4.2.2.
+     Frame size                   $xx xx xx
+     Text encoding                $xx
+     Information                  <textstring>
+
+
+4.2.1.   Text information frames - details
+
+  TT1
+   The 'Content group description' frame is used if the sound belongs to
+   a larger category of sounds/music. For example, classical music is
+   often sorted in different musical sections (e.g. "Piano Concerto",
+   "Weather - Hurricane").
+
+  TT2
+   The 'Title/Songname/Content description' frame is the actual name of
+   the piece (e.g. "Adagio", "Hurricane Donna").
+
+  TT3
+   The 'Subtitle/Description refinement' frame is used for information
+   directly related to the contents title (e.g. "Op. 16" or "Performed
+   live at wembley").
+
+  TP1
+   The 'Lead artist(s)/Lead performer(s)/Soloist(s)/Performing group' is
+   used for the main artist(s). They are seperated with the "/"
+   character.
+
+  TP2
+   The 'Band/Orchestra/Accompaniment' frame is used for additional
+   information about the performers in the recording.
+
+  TP3
+   The 'Conductor' frame is used for the name of the conductor.
+   
+  TP4
+   The 'Interpreted, remixed, or otherwise modified by' frame contains
+   more information about the people behind a remix and similar
+   interpretations of another existing piece.
+
+  TCM
+   The 'Composer(s)' frame is intended for the name of the composer(s).
+   They are seperated with the "/" character.
+
+  TXT
+   The 'Lyricist(s)/text writer(s)' frame is intended for the writer(s)
+   of the text or lyrics in the recording. They are seperated with the
+   "/" character.
+
+  TLA
+   The 'Language(s)' frame should contain the languages of the text or
+   lyrics in the audio file. The language is represented with three
+   characters according to ISO-639-2. If more than one language is used
+   in the text their language codes should follow according to their
+   usage.
+
+  TCO
+   The content type, which previously (in ID3v1.1, see appendix A) was
+   stored as a one byte numeric value only, is now a numeric string. You
+   may use one or several of the types as ID3v1.1 did or, since the
+   category list would be impossible to maintain with accurate and up to
+   date categories, define your own.
+   References to the ID3v1 genres can be made by, as first byte, enter
+   "(" followed by a number from the genres list (section A.3.) and
+   ended with a ")" character. This is optionally followed by a
+   refinement, e.g. "(21)" or "(4)Eurodisco". Several references can be
+   made in the same frame, e.g. "(51)(39)". If the refinement should
+   begin with a "(" character it should be replaced with "((", e.g. "((I
+   can figure out any genre)" or "(55)((I think...)". The following new
+   content types is defined in ID3v2 and is implemented in the same way
+   as the numerig content types, e.g. "(RX)".
+   
+     RX  Remix
+     CR  Cover
+
+  TAL
+   The 'Album/Movie/Show title' frame is intended for the title of the
+   recording(/source of sound) which the audio in the file is taken from.
+   
+  TPA
+   The 'Part of a set' frame is a numeric string that describes which
+   part of a set the audio came from. This frame is used if the source
+   described in the "TAL" frame is divided into several mediums, e.g. a
+   double CD. The value may be extended with a "/" character and a
+   numeric string containing the total number of parts in the set. E.g.
+   "1/2".
+
+  TRK
+   The 'Track number/Position in set' frame is a numeric string
+   containing the order number of the audio-file on its original
+   recording. This may be extended with a "/" character and a numeric
+   string containing the total numer of tracks/elements on the original
+   recording. E.g. "4/9".
+
+  TRC
+   The 'ISRC' frame should contian the International Standard Recording
+   Code [ISRC].
+
+  TYE
+   The 'Year' frame is a numeric string with a year of the recording.
+   This frames is always four characters long (until the year 10000).
+
+  TDA
+   The 'Date' frame is a numeric string in the DDMM format containing
+   the date for the recording. This field is always four characters
+   long.
+
+  TIM
+   The 'Time' frame is a numeric string in the HHMM format containing
+   the time for the recording. This field is always four characters
+   long.
+   
+  TRD
+   The 'Recording dates' frame is a intended to be used as complement to
+   the "TYE", "TDA" and "TIM" frames. E.g. "4th-7th June, 12th June" in
+   combination with the "TYE" frame.
+
+  TMT
+   The 'Media type' frame describes from which media the sound
+   originated. This may be a textstring or a reference to the predefined
+   media types found in the list below. References are made within "("
+   and ")" and are optionally followed by a text refinement, e.g. "(MC)
+   with four channels". If a text refinement should begin with a "("
+   character it should be replaced with "((" in the same way as in the
+   "TCO" frame. Predefined refinements is appended after the media type,
+   e.g. "(CD/S)" or "(VID/PAL/VHS)".
+
+    DIG    Other digital media
+      /A    Analog transfer from media
+
+    ANA    Other analog media
+      /WAC  Wax cylinder
+      /8CA  8-track tape cassette
+
+    CD     CD
+      /A    Analog transfer from media
+      /DD   DDD
+      /AD   ADD
+      /AA   AAD
+
+    LD     Laserdisc
+      /A     Analog transfer from media
+
+    TT     Turntable records
+      /33    33.33 rpm
+      /45    45 rpm
+      /71    71.29 rpm
+      /76    76.59 rpm
+      /78    78.26 rpm
+      /80    80 rpm
+     
+    MD     MiniDisc
+      /A    Analog transfer from media
+     
+    DAT    DAT
+      /A    Analog transfer from media
+      /1    standard, 48 kHz/16 bits, linear
+      /2    mode 2, 32 kHz/16 bits, linear
+      /3    mode 3, 32 kHz/12 bits, nonlinear, low speed
+      /4    mode 4, 32 kHz/12 bits, 4 channels
+      /5    mode 5, 44.1 kHz/16 bits, linear
+      /6    mode 6, 44.1 kHz/16 bits, 'wide track' play
+     
+    DCC    DCC
+      /A    Analog transfer from media
+    
+    DVD    DVD
+      /A    Analog transfer from media
+    
+    TV     Television
+      /PAL    PAL
+      /NTSC   NTSC
+      /SECAM  SECAM
+    
+    VID    Video
+      /PAL    PAL
+      /NTSC   NTSC
+      /SECAM  SECAM
+      /VHS    VHS
+      /SVHS   S-VHS
+      /BETA   BETAMAX
+    
+    RAD    Radio
+      /FM   FM
+      /AM   AM
+      /LW   LW
+      /MW   MW
+    
+    TEL    Telephone
+      /I    ISDN
+    
+    MC     MC (normal cassette)
+      /4    4.75 cm/s (normal speed for a two sided cassette)
+      /9    9.5 cm/s
+      /I    Type I cassette (ferric/normal)
+      /II   Type II cassette (chrome)
+      /III  Type III cassette (ferric chrome)
+      /IV   Type IV cassette (metal)
+    
+    REE    Reel
+      /9    9.5 cm/s
+      /19   19 cm/s
+      /38   38 cm/s
+      /76   76 cm/s
+      /I    Type I cassette (ferric/normal)
+      /II   Type II cassette (chrome)
+      /III  Type III cassette (ferric chrome)
+      /IV   Type IV cassette (metal)
+
+  TFT
+   The 'File type' frame indicates which type of audio this tag defines.
+   The following type and refinements are defined:
+   
+     MPG    MPEG Audio
+       /1     MPEG 2 layer I
+       /2     MPEG 2 layer II
+       /3     MPEG 2 layer III
+       /2.5   MPEG 2.5
+       /AAC   Advanced audio compression
+     
+   but other types may be used, not for these types though. This is used
+   in a similar way to the predefined types in the "TMT" frame, but
+   without parenthesis. If this frame is not present audio type is
+   assumed to be "MPG".
+
+  TBP
+   BPM is short for beats per minute, and is easily computed by
+   dividing the number of beats in a musical piece with its length. To
+   get a more accurate result, do the BPM calculation on the main-part
+   only. To acquire best result measure the time between each beat and
+   calculate individual BPM for each beat and use the median value as
+   result. BPM is an integer and represented as a numerical string.
+
+  TCR
+   The 'Copyright message' frame, which must begin with a year and a
+   space character (making five characters), is intended for the
+   copyright holder of the original sound, not the audio file itself. The
+   absence of this frame means only that the copyright information is
+   unavailable or has been removed, and must not be interpreted to mean
+   that the sound is public domain. Every time this field is displayed
+   the field must be preceded with "Copyright " (C) " ", where (C) is one
+   character showing a C in a circle.
+
+  TPB
+   The 'Publisher' frame simply contains the name of the label or
+   publisher.
+
+  TEN
+   The 'Encoded by' frame contains the name of the person or
+   organisation that encoded the audio file. This field may contain a
+   copyright message, if the audio file also is copyrighted by the
+   encoder.
+
+  TSS
+   The 'Software/hardware and settings used for encoding' frame
+   includes the used audio encoder and its settings when the file was
+   encoded. Hardware refers to hardware encoders, not the computer on
+   which a program was run.
+
+  TOF
+   The 'Original filename' frame contains the preferred filename for the
+   file, since some media doesn't allow the desired length of the
+   filename. The filename is case sensitive and includes its suffix.
+
+  TLE
+   The 'Length' frame contains the length of the audiofile in
+   milliseconds, represented as a numeric string.
+
+  TSI
+   The 'Size' frame contains the size of the audiofile in bytes
+   excluding the tag, represented as a numeric string.
+
+  TDY
+   The 'Playlist delay' defines the numbers of milliseconds of silence
+   between every song in a playlist. The player should use the "ETC"
+   frame, if present, to skip initial silence and silence at the end of
+   the audio to match the 'Playlist delay' time. The time is represented
+   as a numeric string.
+
+  TKE
+   The 'Initial key' frame contains the musical key in which the sound
+   starts. It is represented as a string with a maximum length of three
+   characters. The ground keys are represented with "A","B","C","D","E",
+   "F" and "G" and halfkeys represented with "b" and "#". Minor is
+   represented as "m". Example "Cbm". Off key is represented with an "o"
+   only.
+
+  TOT
+   The 'Original album/Movie/Show title' frame is intended for the title
+   of the original recording(/source of sound), if for example the music
+   in the file should be a cover of a previously released song.
+   
+  TOA
+   The 'Original artist(s)/performer(s)' frame is intended for the
+   performer(s) of the original recording, if for example the music in
+   the file should be a cover of a previously released song. The
+   performers are seperated with the "/" character.
+
+  TOL
+   The 'Original Lyricist(s)/text writer(s)' frame is intended for the
+   text writer(s) of the original recording, if for example the music in
+   the file should be a cover of a previously released song. The text
+   writers are seperated with the "/" character.
+
+  TOR
+   The 'Original release year' frame is intended for the year when the
+   original recording, if for example the music in the file should be a
+   cover of a previously released song, was released. The field is
+   formatted as in the "TDY" frame.
+
+
+4.2.2.   User defined text information frame
+
+   This frame is intended for one-string text information concerning the
+   audiofile in a similar way to the other "T"xx frames. The frame body
+   consists of a description of the string, represented as a terminated
+   string, followed by the actual string. There may be more than one
+   "TXX" frame in each tag, but only one with the same description.
+
+     User defined...   "TXX"
+     Frame size        $xx xx xx
+     Text encoding     $xx
+     Description       <textstring> $00 (00)
+     Value             <textstring>
+
+
+4.3.   URL link frames
+
+   With these frames dynamic data such as webpages with touring
+   information, price information or plain ordinary news can be added to
+   the tag. There may only be one URL [URL] link frame of its kind in an
+   tag, except when stated otherwise in the frame description. If the
+   textstring is followed by a termination ($00 (00)) all the following
+   information should be ignored and not be displayed. All URL link
+   frames have the following format:
+
+     URL link frame   "W00" - "WZZ" , excluding "WXX" 
+                                      (described in 4.3.2.)
+     Frame size       $xx xx xx
+     URL              <textstring>
+
+
+4.3.1.   URL link frames - details
+
+  WAF
+   The 'Official audio file webpage' frame is a URL pointing at a file
+   specific webpage.
+   
+  WAR
+   The 'Official artist/performer webpage' frame is a URL pointing at
+   the artists official webpage. There may be more than one "WAR" frame
+   in a tag if the audio contains more than one performer.
+   
+  WAS
+   The 'Official audio source webpage' frame is a URL pointing at the
+   official webpage for the source of the audio file, e.g. a movie.
+   
+  WCM
+   The 'Commercial information' frame is a URL pointing at a webpage
+   with information such as where the album can be bought. There may be
+   more than one "WCM" frame in a tag.
+   
+  WCP
+   The 'Copyright/Legal information' frame is a URL pointing at a
+   webpage where the terms of use and ownership of the file is described.
+   
+  WPB
+   The 'Publishers official webpage' frame is a URL pointing at the
+   official wepage for the publisher.
+
+
+4.3.2.   User defined URL link frame
+
+   This frame is intended for URL [URL] links concerning the audiofile in
+   a similar way to the other "W"xx frames. The frame body consists of a
+   description of the string, represented as a terminated string,
+   followed by the actual URL. The URL is always encoded with ISO-8859-1
+   [ISO-8859-1]. There may be more than one "WXX" frame in each tag, but
+   only one with the same description.
+
+     User defined...   "WXX"
+     Frame size        $xx xx xx
+     Text encoding     $xx
+     Description       <textstring> $00 (00)
+     URL               <textstring>
+
+
+4.4.   Involved people list
+
+   Since there might be a lot of people contributing to an audio file in
+   various ways, such as musicians and technicians, the 'Text
+   information frames' are often insufficient to list everyone involved
+   in a project. The 'Involved people list' is a frame containing the
+   names of those involved, and how they were involved. The body simply
+   contains a terminated string with the involvement directly followed by
+   a terminated string with the involvee followed by a new involvement
+   and so on. There may only be one "IPL" frame in each tag.
+
+     Involved people list   "IPL"
+     Frame size             $xx xx xx
+     Text encoding          $xx
+     People list strings    <textstrings>
+
+
+4.5.   Music CD Identifier
+
+   This frame is intended for music that comes from a CD, so that the CD
+   can be identified in databases such as the CDDB [CDDB]. The frame
+   consists of a binary dump of the Table Of Contents, TOC,  from the CD,
+   which is a header of 4 bytes and then 8 bytes/track on the CD making a
+   maximum of 804 bytes. This frame requires a present and valid "TRK"
+   frame. There may only be one "MCI" frame in each tag.
+
+     Music CD identifier   "MCI"
+     Frame size            $xx xx xx
+     CD TOC                <binary data>
+
+
+4.6.   Event timing codes
+
+   This frame allows synchronisation with key events in a song or sound.
+   The head is:
+
+     Event timing codes   "ETC"
+     Frame size           $xx xx xx
+     Time stamp format    $xx
+     
+   Where time stamp format is:
+     
+     $01  Absolute time, 32 bit sized, using MPEG [MPEG] frames as unit
+     $02  Absolute time, 32 bit sized, using milliseconds as unit
+
+   Abolute time means that every stamp contains the time from the
+   beginning of the file.
+
+   Followed by a list of key events in the following format:
+
+     Type of event   $xx
+     Time stamp      $xx (xx ...)
+
+   The 'Time stamp' is set to zero if directly at the beginning of the
+   sound or after the previous event. All events should be sorted in
+   chronological order. The type of event is as follows:
+
+     $00  padding (has no meaning)
+     $01  end of initial silence
+     $02  intro start
+     $03  mainpart start
+     $04  outro start
+     $05  outro end
+     $06  verse begins
+     $07  refrain begins
+     $08  interlude
+     $09  theme start
+     $0A  variation
+     $0B  key change
+     $0C  time change
+     $0D  unwanted noise (Snap, Crackle &amp; Pop)
+
+     $0E-$DF  reserved for future use
+
+     $E0-$EF  not predefined sync 0-F
+
+     $F0-$FC  reserved for future use
+
+     $FD  audio end (start of silence)
+     $FE  audio file ends
+     $FF  one more byte of events follows (all the following bytes with
+          the value $FF have the same function)
+
+   The 'Not predefined sync's ($E0-EF) are for user events. You might
+   want to synchronise your music to something, like setting of an
+   explosion on-stage, turning on your screensaver etc.
+
+   There may only be one "ETC" frame in each tag.
+
+
+4.7.   MPEG location lookup table
+
+   To increase performance and accuracy of jumps within a MPEG [MPEG]
+   audio file, frames with timecodes in different locations in the file
+   might be useful. The ID3 frame includes references that the software
+   can use to calculate positions in the file. After the frame header is
+   a descriptor of how much the 'frame counter' should increase for every
+   reference. If this value is two then the first reference points out
+   the second frame, the 2nd reference the 4th frame, the 3rd reference
+   the 6th frame etc. In a similar way the 'bytes between reference' and
+   'milliseconds between reference' points out bytes and milliseconds
+   respectively.
+   
+   Each reference consists of two parts; a certain number of bits, as
+   defined in 'bits for bytes deviation', that describes the difference
+   between what is said in 'bytes between reference' and the reality and
+   a certain number of bits, as defined in 'bits for milliseconds
+   deviation', that describes the difference between what is said in
+   'milliseconds between reference' and the reality. The number of bits
+   in every reference, i.e. 'bits for bytes deviation'+'bits for
+   milliseconds deviation', must be a multiple of four. There may only be
+   one "MLL" frame in each tag.
+   
+     Location lookup table          "MLL"
+     ID3 frame size                 $xx xx xx
+     MPEG frames between reference  $xx xx
+     Bytes between reference        $xx xx xx
+     Milliseconds between reference $xx xx xx
+     Bits for bytes deviation       $xx
+     Bits for milliseconds dev.     $xx
+
+   Then for every reference the following data is included;
+
+     Deviation in bytes         %xxx....
+     Deviation in milliseconds  %xxx....
+
+
+4.8.   Synced tempo codes
+
+   For a more accurate description of the tempo of a musical piece this
+   frame might be used. After the header follows one byte describing
+   which time stamp format should be used. Then follows one or more tempo
+   codes. Each tempo code consists of one tempo part and one time part.
+   The tempo is in BPM described with one or two bytes. If the first byte
+   has the value $FF, one more byte follows, which is added to the first
+   giving a range from 2 - 510 BPM, since $00 and $01 is reserved. $00 is
+   used to describe a beat-free time period, which is not the same as a
+   music-free time period. $01 is used to indicate one single beat-stroke
+   followed by a beat-free period.
+
+   The tempo descriptor is followed by a time stamp. Every time the tempo
+   in the music changes, a tempo descriptor may indicate this for the
+   player. All tempo descriptors should be sorted in chronological order.
+   The first beat-stroke in a time-period is at the same time as the beat
+   description occurs. There may only be one "STC" frame in each tag.
+
+     Synced tempo codes  "STC"
+     Frame size          $xx xx xx
+     Time stamp format   $xx
+     Tempo data          <binary data>
+
+   Where time stamp format is:
+     
+     $01  Absolute time, 32 bit sized, using MPEG [MPEG] frames as unit
+     $02  Absolute time, 32 bit sized, using milliseconds as unit
+
+   Abolute time means that every stamp contains the time from the
+   beginning of the file.
+
+
+4.9.   Unsychronised lyrics/text transcription
+
+   This frame contains the lyrics of the song or a text transcription of
+   other vocal activities. The head includes an encoding descriptor and
+   a content descriptor. The body consists of the actual text. The
+   'Content descriptor' is a terminated string. If no descriptor is
+   entered, 'Content descriptor' is $00 (00) only. Newline characters
+   are allowed in the text. Maximum length for the descriptor is 64
+   bytes. There may be more than one lyrics/text frame in each tag, but
+   only one with the same language and content descriptor.
+
+     Unsynced lyrics/text "ULT"
+     Frame size           $xx xx xx
+     Text encoding        $xx
+     Language             $xx xx xx
+     Content descriptor   <textstring> $00 (00)
+     Lyrics/text          <textstring>
+
+
+4.10.   Synchronised lyrics/text
+
+   This is another way of incorporating the words, said or sung lyrics,
+   in the audio file as text, this time, however, in sync with the audio.
+   It might also be used to describing events e.g. occurring on a stage
+   or on the screen in sync with the audio. The header includes a content
+   descriptor, represented with as terminated textstring. If no
+   descriptor is entered, 'Content descriptor' is $00 (00) only.
+
+     Synced lyrics/text   "SLT"
+     Frame size           $xx xx xx
+     Text encoding        $xx
+     Language             $xx xx xx
+     Time stamp format    $xx
+     Content type         $xx
+     Content descriptor   <textstring> $00 (00)
+
+
+   Encoding:   $00  ISO-8859-1 [ISO-8859-1] character set is used => $00
+                    is sync identifier.
+               $01  Unicode [UNICODE] character set is used => $00 00 is
+                    sync identifier.
+
+   Content type:   $00 is other
+                   $01 is lyrics
+                   $02 is text transcription
+                   $03 is movement/part name (e.g. "Adagio")
+                   $04 is events (e.g. "Don Quijote enters the stage")
+                   $05 is chord (e.g. "Bb F Fsus")
+
+   Time stamp format is:
+     
+     $01  Absolute time, 32 bit sized, using MPEG [MPEG] frames as unit
+     $02  Absolute time, 32 bit sized, using milliseconds as unit
+
+   Abolute time means that every stamp contains the time from the
+   beginning of the file.
+
+   The text that follows the frame header differs from that of the
+   unsynchronised lyrics/text transcription in one major way. Each
+   syllable (or whatever size of text is considered to be convenient by
+   the encoder) is a null terminated string followed by a time stamp
+   denoting where in the sound file it belongs. Each sync thus has the
+   following structure:
+
+     Terminated text to be synced (typically a syllable)
+     Sync identifier (terminator to above string)   $00 (00)
+     Time stamp                                     $xx (xx ...)
+
+   The 'time stamp' is set to zero or the whole sync is omitted if
+   located directly at the beginning of the sound. All time stamps should
+   be sorted in chronological order. The sync can be considered as a
+   validator of the subsequent string.
+
+   Newline characters are allowed in all "SLT" frames and should be used
+   after every entry (name, event etc.) in a frame with the content type
+   $03 - $04.
+
+   A few considerations regarding whitespace characters: Whitespace
+   separating words should mark the beginning of a new word, thus
+   occurring in front of the first syllable of a new word. This is also
+   valid for new line characters. A syllable followed by a comma should
+   not be broken apart with a sync (both the syllable and the comma
+   should be before the sync).
+
+   An example: The "ULT" passage
+
+     "Strangers in the night" $0A "Exchanging glances"
+
+   would be "SLT" encoded as:
+
+     "Strang" $00 xx xx "ers" $00 xx xx " in" $00 xx xx " the" $00 xx xx
+     " night" $00 xx xx 0A "Ex" $00 xx xx "chang" $00 xx xx "ing" $00 xx
+     xx "glan" $00 xx xx "ces" $00 xx xx
+
+   There may be more than one "SLT" frame in each tag, but only one with
+   the same language and content descriptor.
+
+
+4.11.   Comments
+
+   This frame replaces the old 30-character comment field in ID3v1. It
+   consists of a frame head followed by encoding, language and content
+   descriptors and is ended with the actual comment as a text string.
+   Newline characters are allowed in the comment text string. There may
+   be more than one comment frame in each tag, but only one with the same
+   language and content descriptor.
+
+     Comment                   "COM"
+     Frame size                $xx xx xx
+     Text encoding             $xx
+     Language                  $xx xx xx
+     Short content description <textstring> $00 (00)
+     The actual text           <textstring>
+
+
+4.12.   Relative volume adjustment
+
+   This is a more subjective function than the previous ones. It allows
+   the user to say how much he wants to increase/decrease the volume on
+   each channel while the file is played. The purpose is to be able to
+   align all files to a reference volume, so that you don't have to
+   change the volume constantly. This frame may also be used to balance
+   adjust the audio. If the volume peak levels are known then this could
+   be described with the 'Peak volume right' and 'Peak volume left'
+   field. If Peakvolume is not known these fields could be left zeroed
+   or completely omitted.  There may only be one "RVA" frame in each
+   tag.
+
+     Relative volume adjustment    "RVA"
+     Frame size                    $xx xx xx
+     Increment/decrement           %000000xx
+     Bits used for volume descr.   $xx
+     Relative volume change, right $xx xx (xx ...)
+     Relative volume change, left  $xx xx (xx ...)
+     Peak volume right             $xx xx (xx ...)
+     Peak volume left              $xx xx (xx ...)
+
+   In the increment/decrement field bit 0 is used to indicate the right
+   channel and bit 1 is used to indicate the left channel. 1 is
+   increment and 0 is decrement.
+
+   The 'bits used for volume description' field is normally $10 (16 bits)
+   for MPEG 2 layer I, II and III [MPEG] and MPEG 2.5. This value may not
+   be $00. The volume is always represented with whole bytes, padded in
+   the beginning (highest bits) when 'bits used for volume description'
+   is not a multiple of eight.
+
+
+4.13.   Equalisation
+
+   This is another subjective, alignment frame. It allows the user to
+   predefine an equalisation curve within the audio file. There may only
+   be one "EQU" frame in each tag.
+
+     Equalisation       "EQU"
+     Frame size         $xx xx xx
+     Adjustment bits    $xx
+
+   The 'adjustment bits' field defines the number of bits used for
+   representation of the adjustment. This is normally $10 (16 bits) for
+   MPEG 2 layer I, II and III [MPEG] and MPEG 2.5. This value may not be
+   $00.
+
+   This is followed by 2 bytes + ('adjustment bits' rounded up to the
+   nearest byte) for every equalisation band in the following format,
+   giving a frequency range of 0 - 32767Hz:
+
+     Increment/decrement   %x (MSB of the Frequency)
+     Frequency             (lower 15 bits)
+     Adjustment            $xx (xx ...)
+
+   The increment/decrement bit is 1 for increment and 0 for decrement.
+   The equalisation bands should be ordered increasingly with reference
+   to frequency. All frequencies don't have to be declared. Adjustments
+   with the value $00 should be omitted. A frequency should only be
+   described once in the frame.
+
+
+4.14.   Reverb
+
+   Yet another subjective one. You may here adjust echoes of different
+   kinds. Reverb left/right is the delay between every bounce in ms.
+   Reverb bounces left/right is the number of bounces that should be
+   made. $FF equals an infinite number of bounces. Feedback is the amount
+   of volume that should be returned to the next echo bounce. $00 is 0%,
+   $FF is 100%. If this value were $7F, there would be 50% volume
+   reduction on the first bounce, yet 50% on the second and so on. Left
+   to left means the sound from the left bounce to be played in the left
+   speaker, while left to right means sound from the left bounce to be
+   played in the right speaker.
+
+   'Premix left to right' is the amount of left sound to be mixed in the
+   right before any reverb is applied, where $00 id 0% and $FF is 100%.
+   'Premix right to left' does the same thing, but right to left. Setting
+   both premix to $FF would result in a mono output (if the reverb is
+   applied symmetric). There may only be one "REV" frame in each tag.
+
+     Reverb settings                  "REV"
+     Frame size                       $00 00 0C
+     Reverb left (ms)                 $xx xx
+     Reverb right (ms)                $xx xx
+     Reverb bounces, left             $xx
+     Reverb bounces, right            $xx
+     Reverb feedback, left to left    $xx
+     Reverb feedback, left to right   $xx
+     Reverb feedback, right to right  $xx
+     Reverb feedback, right to left   $xx
+     Premix left to right             $xx
+     Premix right to left             $xx
+
+
+4.15.   Attached picture
+
+   This frame contains a picture directly related to the audio file.
+   Image format is preferably "PNG" [PNG] or "JPG" [JFIF]. Description
+   is a short description of the picture, represented as a terminated
+   textstring. The description has a maximum length of 64 characters,
+   but may be empty. There may be several pictures attached to one file,
+   each in their individual "PIC" frame, but only one with the same
+   content descriptor. There may only be one picture with the picture
+   type declared as picture type $01 and $02 respectively. There is a
+   possibility to put only a link to the image file by using the 'image
+   format' "-->" and having a complete URL [URL] instead of picture data.
+   The use of linked files should however be used restrictively since
+   there is the risk of separation of files.
+
+     Attached picture   "PIC"
+     Frame size         $xx xx xx
+     Text encoding      $xx
+     Image format       $xx xx xx
+     Picture type       $xx
+     Description        <textstring> $00 (00)
+     Picture data       <binary data>
+
+
+   Picture type:  $00  Other
+                  $01  32x32 pixels 'file icon' (PNG only)
+                  $02  Other file icon
+                  $03  Cover (front)
+                  $04  Cover (back)
+                  $05  Leaflet page
+                  $06  Media (e.g. lable side of CD)
+                  $07  Lead artist/lead performer/soloist
+                  $08  Artist/performer
+                  $09  Conductor
+                  $0A  Band/Orchestra
+                  $0B  Composer
+                  $0C  Lyricist/text writer
+                  $0D  Recording Location
+                  $0E  During recording
+                  $0F  During performance
+                  $10  Movie/video screen capture
+                  $11  A bright coloured fish
+                  $12  Illustration
+                  $13  Band/artist logotype
+                  $14  Publisher/Studio logotype
+
+
+4.16.   General encapsulated object
+
+   In this frame any type of file can be encapsulated. After the header,
+   'Frame size' and 'Encoding' follows 'MIME type' [MIME] and 'Filename'
+   for the encapsulated object, both represented as terminated strings
+   encoded with ISO 8859-1 [ISO-8859-1]. The filename is case sensitive.
+   Then follows a content description as terminated string, encoded as
+   'Encoding'. The last thing in the frame is the actual object. The
+   first two strings may be omitted, leaving only their terminations.
+   MIME type is always an ISO-8859-1 text string. There may be more than
+   one "GEO" frame in each tag, but only one with the same content
+   descriptor.
+
+     General encapsulated object "GEO"
+     Frame size                  $xx xx xx
+     Text encoding               $xx
+     MIME type                   <textstring> $00
+     Filename                    <textstring> $00 (00)
+     Content description         <textstring> $00 (00)
+     Encapsulated object         <binary data>
+
+
+4.17.   Play counter
+
+   This is simply a counter of the number of times a file has been
+   played. The value is increased by one every time the file begins to
+   play. There may only be one "CNT" frame in each tag. When the counter
+   reaches all one's, one byte is inserted in front of the counter thus
+   making the counter eight bits bigger.  The counter must be at least
+   32-bits long to begin with.
+
+     Play counter   "CNT"
+     Frame size     $xx xx xx
+     Counter        $xx xx xx xx (xx ...)
+
+
+4.18.   Popularimeter
+
+   The purpose of this frame is to specify how good an audio file is.
+   Many interesting applications could be found to this frame such as a
+   playlist that features better audiofiles more often than others or it
+   could be used to profile a persons taste and find other 'good' files
+   by comparing people's profiles. The frame is very simple. It contains
+   the email address to the user, one rating byte and a four byte play
+   counter, intended to be increased with one for every time the file is
+   played. The email is a terminated string. The rating is 1-255 where
+   1 is worst and 255 is best. 0 is unknown. If no personal counter is
+   wanted it may be omitted.  When the counter reaches all one's, one
+   byte is inserted in front of the counter thus making the counter
+   eight bits bigger in the same away as the play counter ("CNT").
+   There may be more than one "POP" frame in each tag, but only one with
+   the same email address.
+   
+     Popularimeter   "POP"
+     Frame size      $xx xx xx
+     Email to user   <textstring> $00
+     Rating          $xx
+     Counter         $xx xx xx xx (xx ...)
+
+
+4.19.   Recommended buffer size
+
+   Sometimes the server from which a audio file is streamed is aware of
+   transmission or coding problems resulting in interruptions in the
+   audio stream. In these cases, the size of the buffer can be
+   recommended by the server using this frame. If the 'embedded info
+   flag' is true (1) then this indicates that an ID3 tag with the
+   maximum size described in 'Buffer size' may occur in the audiostream.
+   In such case the tag should reside between two MPEG [MPEG] frames, if
+   the audio is MPEG encoded. If the position of the next tag is known,
+   'offset to next tag' may be used. The offset is calculated from the
+   end of tag in which this frame resides to the first byte of the header
+   in the next. This field may be omitted. Embedded tags is currently not
+   recommended since this could render unpredictable behaviour from
+   present software/hardware. The 'Buffer size' should be kept to a
+   minimum. There may only be one "BUF" frame in each tag.
+
+     Recommended buffer size   "BUF"
+     Frame size                $xx xx xx
+     Buffer size               $xx xx xx
+     Embedded info flag        %0000000x
+     Offset to next tag        $xx xx xx xx
+
+
+4.20.   Encrypted meta frame
+
+   This frame contains one or more encrypted frames. This enables
+   protection of copyrighted information such as pictures and text, that
+   people might want to pay extra for. Since standardisation of such an
+   encryption scheme is beyond this document, all "CRM" frames begin with
+   a terminated string with a URL [URL] containing an email address, or a
+   link to a location where an email adress can be found, that belongs to
+   the organisation responsible for this specific encrypted meta frame.
+
+   Questions regarding the encrypted frame should be sent to the
+   indicated email address. If a $00 is found directly after the 'Frame
+   size', the whole frame should be ignored, and preferably be removed.
+   The 'Owner identifier' is then followed by a short content description
+   and explanation as to why it's encrypted. After the
+   'content/explanation' description, the actual encrypted block follows.
+
+   When an ID3v2 decoder encounters a "CRM" frame, it should send the
+   datablock to the 'plugin' with the corresponding 'owner identifier'
+   and expect to receive either a datablock with one or several ID3v2
+   frames after each other or an error. There may be more than one "CRM"
+   frames in a tag, but only one with the same 'owner identifier'.
+
+     Encrypted meta frame  "CRM"
+     Frame size            $xx xx xx
+     Owner identifier      <textstring> $00 (00)
+     Content/explanation   <textstring> $00 (00)
+     Encrypted datablock   <binary data>
+
+
+4.21.   Audio encryption
+
+   This frame indicates if the actual audio stream is encrypted, and by
+   whom. Since standardisation of such encrypion scheme is beyond this
+   document, all "CRA" frames begin with a terminated string with a
+   URL containing an email address, or a link to a location where an
+   email address can be found, that belongs to the organisation
+   responsible for this specific encrypted audio file. Questions
+   regarding the encrypted audio should be sent to the email address
+   specified. If a $00 is found directly after the 'Frame size' and the
+   audiofile indeed is encrypted, the whole file may be considered
+   useless.
+
+   After the 'Owner identifier', a pointer to an unencrypted part of the
+   audio can be specified. The 'Preview start' and 'Preview length' is
+   described in frames. If no part is unencrypted, these fields should be
+   left zeroed. After the 'preview length' field follows optionally a
+   datablock required for decryption of the audio. There may be more than
+   one "CRA" frames in a tag, but only one with the same 'Owner
+   identifier'.
+
+     Audio encryption   "CRA"
+     Frame size         $xx xx xx
+     Owner identifier   <textstring> $00 (00)
+     Preview start      $xx xx
+     Preview length     $xx xx
+     Encryption info    <binary data>
+
+
+4.22.   Linked information
+
+   To keep space waste as low as possible this frame may be used to link
+   information from another ID3v2 tag that might reside in another audio
+   file or alone in a binary file. It is recommended that this method is
+   only used when the files are stored on a CD-ROM or other circumstances
+   when the risk of file seperation is low. The frame contains a frame
+   identifier, which is the frame that should be linked into this tag, a
+   URL [URL] field, where a reference to the file where the frame is
+   given, and additional ID data, if needed. Data should be retrieved
+   from the first tag found in the file to which this link points. There
+   may be more than one "LNK" frame in a tag, but only one with the same
+   contents. A linked frame is to be considered as part of the tag and
+   has the same restrictions as if it was a physical part of the tag
+   (i.e. only one "REV" frame allowed, whether it's linked or not).
+   
+     Linked information  "LNK"
+     Frame size          $xx xx xx
+     Frame identifier    $xx xx xx
+     URL                 <textstring> $00 (00)
+     Additional ID data  <textstring(s)>
+   
+   Frames that may be linked and need no additional data are "IPL",
+   "MCI", "ETC", "LLT", "STC", "RVA", "EQU", "REV", "BUF", the text
+   information frames and the URL link frames.
+   
+   The "TXX", "PIC", "GEO", "CRM" and "CRA" frames may be linked with the
+   content descriptor as additional ID data.
+   
+   The "COM", "SLT" and "ULT" frames may be linked with three bytes of
+   language descriptor directly followed by a content descriptor as
+   additional ID data.
+
+
+5.   The 'unsynchronisation scheme'
+
+   The only purpose of the 'unsychronisation scheme' is to make the ID3v2
+   tag as compatible as possible with existing software. There is no use
+   in 'unsynchronising' tags if the file is only to be processed by new
+   software. Unsynchronisation may only be made with MPEG 2 layer I, II
+   and III and MPEG 2.5 files.
+
+   Whenever a false synchronisation is found within the tag, one zeroed
+   byte is inserted after the first false synchronisation byte. The
+   format of a correct sync that should be altered by ID3 encoders is as
+   follows:
+
+         %11111111 111xxxxx
+
+   And should be replaced with:
+
+         %11111111 00000000 111xxxxx
+
+   This has the side effect that all $FF 00 combinations have to be
+   altered, so they won't be affected by the decoding process. Therefore
+   all the $FF 00 combinations have to be replaced with the $FF 00 00
+   combination during the unsynchonisation.
+
+   To indicate usage of the unsynchronisation, the first bit in 'ID3
+   flags' should be set. This bit should only be set if the tag
+   contained a, now corrected, false synchronisation. The bit should
+   only be clear if the tag does not contain any false synchronisations.
+   
+   Do bear in mind, that if a compression scheme is used by the encoder,
+   the unsyncronisation scheme should be applied *afterwards*. When
+   decoding a compressed, 'unsyncronised' file, the 'unsyncronisation
+   scheme' should be parsed first, compression afterwards.
+
+
+6.   Copyright
+
+   Copyright (C) Martin Nilsson 1998. All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that a reference to this document is included on all
+   such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may
+   not be modified in any way and reissued as the original document.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE AUTHORS DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
+   IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE
+   INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
+   WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+
+7.   References
+
+   [CDDB] Compact Disc Data Base
+
+      http://www.cddb.com
+
+   [ISO-639-2] ISO/FDIS 639-2.
+   Codes for the representation of names of languages, Part 2: Alpha-3
+   code. Technical committee / subcommittee: TC 37 / SC 2
+
+   [ISO-8859-1] ISO/IEC DIS 8859-1.
+   8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 1: Latin
+   alphabet No. 1. Technical committee / subcommittee: JTC 1 / SC 2
+
+   [ISRC] ISO 3901:1986
+   International Standard Recording Code (ISRC).
+   Technical committee / subcommittee: TC 46 / SC 9
+
+   [JFIF] JPEG File Interchange Format, version 1.02
+
+      http://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG/jfif.txt
+      
+   [MIME] Freed, N.  and N. Borenstein,  "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+   Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies",
+   RFC 2045, November 1996.
+ 
+      ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2045.txt
+      
+   [MPEG] ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993.
+   Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage
+   media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s, Part 3: Audio.
+   Technical committee / subcommittee: JTC 1 / SC 29
+   and   
+   ISO/IEC 13818-3:1995
+   Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information,
+   Part 3: Audio.
+   Technical committee / subcommittee: JTC 1 / SC 29
+   and   
+   ISO/IEC DIS 13818-3
+   Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information,
+   Part 3: Audio (Revision of ISO/IEC 13818-3:1995)
+
+
+   [PNG] Portable Network Graphics, version 1.0
+
+      http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-png-multi.html
+
+   [UNICODE] ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993.
+   Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS), Part 1:
+   Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane. Technical committee
+   / subcommittee: JTC 1 / SC 2
+
+      http://www.unicode.org/
+
+   [URL] T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter &amp; M. McCahill, "Uniform Resource
+   Locators (URL).", RFC 1738, December 1994.
+
+      ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1738.txt
+
+
+8.   Appendix
+
+
+A.   Appendix A - ID3-Tag Specification V1.1
+
+   ID3-Tag Specification V1.1 (12 dec 1997) by Michael Mutschler
+   <amiga2@info2.rus.uni-stuttgart.de>, edited for space and clarity
+   reasons.
+
+
+A.1.   Overview
+
+   The ID3-Tag is an information field for MPEG Layer 3 audio files.
+   Since a standalone MP3 doesn't provide a method of storing other
+   information than those directly needed for replay reasons, the
+   ID3-tag was invented by Eric Kemp in 1996.
+
+   A revision from ID3v1 to ID3v1.1 was made by Michael Mutschler to
+   support track number information is described in A.4.
+
+
+A.2.   ID3v1 Implementation
+
+   The Information is stored in the last 128 bytes of an MP3. The Tag
+   has got the following fields, and the offsets given here, are from
+   0-127.
+
+     Field      Length    Offsets
+     Tag        3           0-2
+     Songname   30          3-32
+     Artist     30         33-62
+     Album      30         63-92
+     Year       4          93-96
+     Comment    30         97-126
+     Genre      1           127
+
+
+   The string-fields contain ASCII-data, coded in ISO-Latin 1 codepage.
+   Strings which are smaller than the field length are padded with zero-
+   bytes.
+
+     Tag: The tag is valid if this field contains the string "TAG". This
+        has to be uppercase!
+
+     Songname: This field contains the title of the MP3 (string as
+        above).
+
+     Artist: This field contains the artist of the MP3 (string as above).
+
+     Album: this field contains the album where the MP3 comes from
+        (string as above).
+
+     Year: this field contains the year when this song has originally
+        been released (string as above).
+
+     Comment: this field contains a comment for the MP3 (string as
+        above). Revision to this field has been made in ID3v1.1. See
+        A.4.
+
+     Genre: this byte contains the offset of a genre in a predefined
+        list the byte is treated as an unsigned byte. The offset is
+        starting from 0. See A.3.
+
+
+A.3.   Genre List
+
+   The following genres is defined in ID3v1 
+
+      0.Blues
+      1.Classic Rock
+      2.Country
+      3.Dance
+      4.Disco
+      5.Funk
+      6.Grunge
+      7.Hip-Hop
+      8.Jazz
+      9.Metal
+     10.New Age
+     11.Oldies
+     12.Other
+     13.Pop
+     14.R&amp;B
+     15.Rap
+     16.Reggae
+     17.Rock
+     18.Techno
+     19.Industrial
+     20.Alternative
+     21.Ska
+     22.Death Metal
+     23.Pranks
+     24.Soundtrack
+     25.Euro-Techno
+     26.Ambient
+     27.Trip-Hop
+     28.Vocal
+     29.Jazz+Funk
+     30.Fusion
+     31.Trance
+     32.Classical
+     33.Instrumental
+     34.Acid
+     35.House
+     36.Game
+     37.Sound Clip
+     38.Gospel
+     39.Noise
+     40.AlternRock
+     41.Bass
+     42.Soul
+     43.Punk
+     44.Space
+     45.Meditative
+     46.Instrumental Pop
+     47.Instrumental Rock
+     48.Ethnic
+     49.Gothic
+     50.Darkwave
+     51.Techno-Industrial
+     52.Electronic
+     53.Pop-Folk
+     54.Eurodance
+     55.Dream
+     56.Southern Rock
+     57.Comedy
+     58.Cult
+     59.Gangsta
+     60.Top 40
+     61.Christian Rap
+     62.Pop/Funk
+     63.Jungle
+     64.Native American
+     65.Cabaret
+     66.New Wave
+     67.Psychadelic
+     68.Rave
+     69.Showtunes
+     70.Trailer
+     71.Lo-Fi
+     72.Tribal
+     73.Acid Punk
+     74.Acid Jazz
+     75.Polka
+     76.Retro
+     77.Musical
+     78.Rock &amp; Roll
+     79.Hard Rock
+     
+   The following genres are Winamp extensions
+     
+     80.Folk
+     81.Folk-Rock
+     82.National Folk
+     83.Swing
+     84.Fast Fusion
+     85.Bebob
+     86.Latin
+     87.Revival
+     88.Celtic
+     89.Bluegrass
+     90.Avantgarde
+     91.Gothic Rock
+     92.Progressive Rock
+     93.Psychedelic Rock
+     94.Symphonic Rock
+     95.Slow Rock
+     96.Big Band
+     97.Chorus
+     98.Easy Listening
+     99.Acoustic
+    100.Humour
+    101.Speech
+    102.Chanson
+    103.Opera
+    104.Chamber Music
+    105.Sonata
+    106.Symphony
+    107.Booty Bass
+    108.Primus
+    109.Porn Groove
+    110.Satire
+    111.Slow Jam
+    112.Club
+    113.Tango
+    114.Samba
+    115.Folklore
+    116.Ballad
+    117.Power Ballad
+    118.Rhythmic Soul
+    119.Freestyle
+    120.Duet
+    121.Punk Rock
+    122.Drum Solo
+    123.A capella
+    124.Euro-House
+    125.Dance Hall
+
+
+A.4.   Track addition - ID3v1.1
+
+   In ID3v1.1, Michael Mutschler revised the specification of the
+   comment field in order to implement the track number. The new format
+   of the comment field is a 28 character string followed by a mandatory
+   null ($00) character and the original album tracknumber stored as an
+   unsigned byte-size integer. In such cases where the 29th byte is not
+   the null character or when the 30th is a null character, the
+   tracknumber is to be considered undefined.
+
+
+9.   Author's Address
+
+   Martin Nilsson
+   Rydsv�gen 246 C. 30
+   S-584 34 Link�ping
+   Sweden
+
+   Email: nilsson@id3.org
+
+   Co-authors:
+
+   Johan Sundstr�m   Email: johan@id3.org