icalendar 2.4.1 → 2.8.0

data/lib/icalendar/timezone.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'ice_cube'
+
 module Icalendar
 
   class Timezone < Component
@@ -12,10 +14,40 @@ module Icalendar
           optional_property :comment
           optional_property :rdate, Icalendar::Values::DateTime
           optional_property :tzname
+
+          transient_variable :@cached_occurrences
+          transient_variable :@occurrences
+        end
+      end
+
+      def occurrences
+        @occurrences ||= IceCube::Schedule.new(dtstart.to_time) do |s|
+          rrule.each do |rule|
+            s.add_recurrence_rule IceCube::Rule.from_ical(rule.value_ical)
+          end
+          rdate.each do |date|
+            s.add_recurrence_time date.to_time
+          end
+        end.all_occurrences_enumerator
+      end
+
+      def previous_occurrence(from)
+        from = IceCube::TimeUtil.match_zone(from, dtstart.to_time)
+
+        @cached_occurrences ||= []
+        while @cached_occurrences.empty? || @cached_occurrences.last <= from
+          begin
+            @cached_occurrences << occurrences.next
+          rescue StopIteration
+            break
+          end
         end
+
+        @cached_occurrences.reverse_each.find { |occurrence| occurrence < from }
       end
     end
     class Daylight < Component
+      include Marshable
       include TzProperties
 
       def initialize
@@ -23,6 +55,7 @@ module Icalendar
       end
     end
     class Standard < Component
+      include Marshable
       include TzProperties
 
       def initialize
@@ -49,5 +82,40 @@ module Icalendar
       standards.all? { |s| s.valid? strict } or return false
       super
     end
+
+    def offset_for_local(local)
+      standard = standard_for local
+      daylight = daylight_for local
+
+      if standard.nil? && daylight.nil?
+        "+00:00"
+      elsif daylight.nil?
+        standard.last.tzoffsetto
+      elsif standard.nil?
+        daylight.last.tzoffsetto
+      else
+        sdst = standard.first
+        ddst = daylight.first
+        if sdst > ddst
+          standard.last.tzoffsetto
+        else
+          daylight.last.tzoffsetto
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def standard_for(local)
+      possible = standards.map do |std|
+        [std.previous_occurrence(local.to_time), std]
+      end
+      possible.sort_by(&:first).last
+    end
+
+    def daylight_for(local)
+      possible = daylights.map do |day|
+        [day.previous_occurrence(local.to_time), day]
+      end
+      possible.sort_by(&:first).last
+    end
   end
 end

data/lib/icalendar/timezone_store.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+require 'delegate'
+require 'icalendar/downcased_hash'
+
+module Icalendar
+  class TimezoneStore < ::SimpleDelegator
+
+    def initialize
+      super DowncasedHash.new({})
+    end
+
+    def self.instance
+      warn "**** DEPRECATION WARNING ****\nTimezoneStore.instance will be removed in 3.0. Please instantiate a TimezoneStore object."
+      @instance ||= new
+    end
+
+    def self.store(timezone)
+      warn "**** DEPRECATION WARNING ****\nTimezoneStore.store will be removed in 3.0. Please use instance methods."
+      instance.store timezone
+    end
+
+    def self.retrieve(tzid)
+      warn "**** DEPRECATION WARNING ****\nTimezoneStore.retrieve will be removed in 3.0. Please use instance methods."
+      instance.retrieve tzid
+    end
+
+    def store(timezone)
+      self[timezone.tzid] = timezone
+    end
+
+    def retrieve(tzid)
+      self[tzid]
+    end
+
+  end
+
+end

data/lib/icalendar/todo.rb

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ module Icalendar
     mutually_exclusive_properties :due, :duration
 
     optional_single_property :ip_class
+    optional_single_property :color
     optional_single_property :completed, Icalendar::Values::DateTime
     optional_single_property :created, Icalendar::Values::DateTime
     optional_single_property :description
@@ -38,6 +39,8 @@ module Icalendar
     optional_property :related_to
     optional_property :resources
     optional_property :rdate, Icalendar::Values::DateTime
+    optional_property :conference, Icalendar::Values::Uri, false, true
+    optional_property :image, Icalendar::Values::Uri, false, true
 
     component :alarm, false
 
@@ -49,4 +52,4 @@ module Icalendar
 
   end
 
-end
+end

data/lib/icalendar/tzinfo.rb

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ module Icalendar
     end
 
     def rrule
-      start = local_start.to_datetime
+      start = (respond_to?(:local_start_at) ? local_start_at : local_start).to_datetime
       # this is somewhat of a hack, but seems to work ok
       # assumes that no timezone transition is in law as "4th X of the month"
       # but only as 1st X, 2nd X, 3rd X, or Last X
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ module Icalendar
     end
 
     def dtstart
-      local_start.to_datetime.strftime '%Y%m%dT%H%M%S'
+      (respond_to?(:local_start_at) ? local_start_at : local_start).to_datetime.strftime '%Y%m%dT%H%M%S'
     end
   end
 

data/lib/icalendar/values/array.rb

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ module Icalendar
                  else
                    [klass.new(value, params)]
                  end
-        super mapped, params
+        super mapped
       end
 
       def params_ical
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ module Icalendar
       def needs_value_type?(default_type)
         value.first.class != default_type
       end
-
     end
 
   end

data/lib/icalendar/values/date.rb

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ module Icalendar
       FORMAT = '%Y%m%d'
 
       def initialize(value, params = {})
+        params.delete 'tzid'
+        params.delete 'x-tz-info'
         if value.is_a? String
           begin
             parsed_date = ::Date.strptime(value, FORMAT)

data/lib/icalendar/values/date_or_date_time.rb

@@ -2,25 +2,37 @@ module Icalendar
   module Values
 
     # DateOrDateTime can be used to set an attribute to either a Date or a DateTime value.
-    # It should not be used wihtout also invoking the `call` method.
-    class DateOrDateTime
+    # It should not be used without also invoking the `call` method.
+    class DateOrDateTime < Value
 
-      attr_reader :value, :params, :parsed
-      def initialize(value, params = {})
-        @value = value
-        @params = params
+      def call
+        parsed
       end
 
-      def call
+      def value_ical
+        parsed.value_ical
+      end
+
+      def params_ical
+        parsed.params_ical
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def parsed
         @parsed ||= begin
-                      Icalendar::Values::DateTime.new value, params
+                      Icalendar::Values::DateTime.new value, ical_params
                     rescue Icalendar::Values::DateTime::FormatError
-                      Icalendar::Values::Date.new value, params
+                      Icalendar::Values::Date.new value, ical_params
                     end
       end
 
-      def to_ical
-        fail NoMethodError, 'You cannot use DateOrDateTime directly. Invoke `call` before `to_ical`'
+      def needs_value_type?(default_type)
+        parsed.class != default_type
+      end
+
+      def value_type
+        parsed.class.value_type
       end
 
     end

data/lib/icalendar/values/date_time.rb

@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@ module Icalendar
         end
       end
 
+      def utc?
+        value.respond_to?(:utc?) ? value.utc? : value.to_time.utc?
+      end
+
       class FormatError < ArgumentError
       end
     end

data/lib/icalendar/values/time_with_zone.rb

@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
+require 'icalendar/timezone_store'
+
 begin
   require 'active_support/time'
 
   if defined?(ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone)
     require 'icalendar/values/active_support_time_with_zone_adapter'
   end
+rescue NameError
+  # ActiveSupport v7+ needs the base require to be run first before loading
+  # specific parts of it.
+  # https://guides.rubyonrails.org/active_support_core_extensions.html#stand-alone-active-support
+  require 'active_support'
+  retry
 rescue LoadError
   # tis ok, just a bit less fancy
 end
@@ -16,15 +24,24 @@ module Icalendar
       def initialize(value, params = {})
         params = Icalendar::DowncasedHash(params)
         @tz_utc = params['tzid'] == 'UTC'
+        x_tz_info = params.delete 'x-tz-info'
 
-        if defined?(ActiveSupport::TimeZone) && defined?(ActiveSupportTimeWithZoneAdapter) && !params['tzid'].nil?
+        offset_value = unless params['tzid'].nil?
           tzid = params['tzid'].is_a?(::Array) ? params['tzid'].first : params['tzid']
-          zone = ActiveSupport::TimeZone[tzid]
-          value = ActiveSupportTimeWithZoneAdapter.new nil, zone, value unless zone.nil?
-          super value, params
-        else
-          super value, params
+          if defined?(ActiveSupport::TimeZone) &&
+              defined?(ActiveSupportTimeWithZoneAdapter) &&
+              (tz = ActiveSupport::TimeZone[tzid])
+            ActiveSupportTimeWithZoneAdapter.new(nil, tz, value)
+          elsif !x_tz_info.nil?
+            offset = x_tz_info.offset_for_local(value).to_s
+            if value.respond_to?(:change)
+              value.change offset: offset
+            else
+              ::Time.new value.year, value.month, value.day, value.hour, value.min, value.sec, offset
+            end
+          end
         end
+        super((offset_value || value), params)
       end
 
       def params_ical

data/lib/icalendar/values/uri.rb

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ module Icalendar
     class Uri < Value
 
       def initialize(value, params = {})
-        parsed = URI.parse value rescue value
+        parsed = URI.parse(value) rescue value
         super parsed, params
       end
 
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ module Icalendar
     end
 
   end
-end
+end

data/lib/icalendar/values/utc_offset.rb

@@ -21,6 +21,15 @@ module Icalendar
         "#{behind? ? '-' : '+'}#{'%02d' % hours}#{'%02d' % minutes}#{'%02d' % seconds if seconds > 0}"
       end
 
+      def to_s
+        str = "#{behind? ? '-' : '+'}#{'%02d' % hours}:#{'%02d' % minutes}"
+        if seconds > 0
+          "#{str}:#{'%02d' % seconds}"
+        else
+          str
+        end
+      end
+
       private
 
       def zero_offset?
@@ -28,8 +37,7 @@ module Icalendar
       end
 
       def parse_fields(value)
-        value.gsub!(/\s+/, '')
-        md = /\A(?<behind>[+-])(?<hours>\d{2})(?<minutes>\d{2})(?<seconds>\d{2})?\z/.match value
+        md = /\A(?<behind>[+-])(?<hours>\d{2})(?<minutes>\d{2})(?<seconds>\d{2})?\z/.match value.gsub(/\s+/, '')
         {
           behind: (md[:behind] == '-'),
           hours: md[:hours].to_i,

data/lib/icalendar/version.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 module Icalendar
 
-  VERSION = '2.4.1'
+  VERSION = '2.8.0'
 
 end

data/lib/icalendar.rb

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ module Icalendar
   end
 
   def self.parse(source, single = false)
-    warn "**** DEPRECATION WARNING ****\nIcalendar.parse will be removed. Please switch to Icalendar::Calendar.parse."
+    warn "**** DEPRECATION WARNING ****\nIcalendar.parse will be removed in 3.0. Please switch to Icalendar::Calendar.parse."
     calendars = Parser.new(source).parse
     single ? calendars.first : calendars
   end
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ end
 
 require 'icalendar/has_properties'
 require 'icalendar/has_components'
+require 'icalendar/marshable'
 require 'icalendar/component'
 require 'icalendar/value'
 require 'icalendar/alarm'
@@ -32,3 +33,4 @@ require 'icalendar/freebusy'
 require 'icalendar/timezone'
 require 'icalendar/calendar'
 require 'icalendar/parser'
+require 'icalendar/version'

data/spec/alarm_spec.rb

@@ -6,14 +6,15 @@ describe Icalendar::Alarm do
   describe '#valid?' do
     subject do
       described_class.new.tap do |a|
-        a.action = 'AUDIO'
         a.trigger = Icalendar::Values::DateTime.new(Time.now.utc)
       end
     end
     context 'neither duration or repeat is set' do
+      before(:each) { subject.action = 'AUDIO' }
       it { should be_valid }
     end
     context 'both duration and repeat are set' do
+      before(:each) { subject.action = 'AUDIO' }
       before(:each) do
         subject.duration = 'PT15M'
         subject.repeat = 4
@@ -29,8 +30,12 @@ describe Icalendar::Alarm do
       it { should_not be_valid }
     end
 
+    context 'DISPLAY is set as default action' do
+      it 'must be DISPLAY' do
+        expect(subject.action).to eq 'DISPLAY'
+      end
+    end
     context 'display action' do
-      before(:each) { subject.action = 'DISPLAY' }
       it 'requires description' do
         expect(subject).to_not be_valid
         subject.description = 'Display Text'

data/spec/calendar_spec.rb

@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@ require 'spec_helper'
 
 describe Icalendar::Calendar do
 
+  context 'marshalling' do
+    it 'can be de/serialized' do
+      Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(subject))
+    end
+  end
+
   context 'values' do
     let(:property) { 'my-value' }
 
@@ -117,6 +123,16 @@ describe Icalendar::Calendar do
   describe '#to_ical' do
     before(:each) do
       Timecop.freeze DateTime.new(2013, 12, 26, 5, 0, 0, '+0000')
+      subject.ip_name = 'Company Vacation Days'
+      subject.description = 'The description'
+      subject.last_modified = "20140101T000000Z"
+      subject.url = 'https://example.com'
+      subject.color = 'red'
+      subject.image = 'https://example.com/image.png'
+      subject.uid = '5FC53010-1267-4F8E-BC28-1D7AE55A7C99'
+      subject.categories = 'MEETING'
+      subject.refresh_interval = 'P1W'
+      subject.source = 'https://example.com/holidays.ics'
       subject.event do |e|
         e.summary = 'An event'
         e.dtstart = "20140101T000000Z"
@@ -139,6 +155,15 @@ BEGIN:VCALENDAR
 VERSION:2.0
 PRODID:icalendar-ruby
 CALSCALE:GREGORIAN
+LAST-MODIFIED;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20140101T000000Z
+URL;VALUE=URI:https://example.com
+REFRESH-INTERVAL;VALUE=DURATION:P1W
+SOURCE;VALUE=URI:https://example.com/holidays.ics
+COLOR:red
+NAME:Company Vacation Days
+DESCRIPTION:The description
+CATEGORIES:MEETING
+IMAGE;VALUE=URI:https://example.com/image.png
 BEGIN:VEVENT
 DTSTAMP:20131226T050000Z
 DTSTART:20140101T000000Z
@@ -164,4 +189,13 @@ END:VCALENDAR
       expect(subject.ip_method).to eq 'PUBLISH'
     end
   end
+
+  describe '.parse' do
+    let(:source) { File.read File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'fixtures', 'bad_wrapping.ics') }
+
+    it 'correctly parses a bad file' do
+      actual = described_class.parse(source)
+      expect(actual[0]).to be_a(described_class)
+    end
+  end
 end

data/spec/event_spec.rb

@@ -96,6 +96,30 @@ describe Icalendar::Event do
     end
   end
 
+  describe "#append_custom_property" do
+    context "with custom property" do
+      it "appends to the custom properties hash" do
+        subject.append_custom_property "x_my_property", "test value"
+        expect(subject.custom_properties).to eq({"x_my_property" => ["test value"]})
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "with a defined property" do
+      it "sets the proper setter" do
+        subject.append_custom_property "summary", "event"
+        expect(subject.summary).to eq "event"
+        expect(subject.custom_properties).to eq({})
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#custom_property" do
+    it "returns a default for missing properties" do
+      expect(subject.x_doesnt_exist).to eq([])
+      expect(subject.custom_property "x_doesnt_exist").to eq([])
+    end
+  end
+
   describe '.parse' do
     let(:source) { File.read File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'fixtures', fn) }
     let(:fn) { 'event.ics' }

data/spec/fixtures/bad_wrapping.ics

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+BEGIN:VCALENDAR
+VERSION:2.0
+PRODID:manual
+CALSCALE:GREGORIAN
+BEGIN:VEVENT
+DTSTAMP:20200902T223352Z
+UID:6e7d7fe5-6735-4cdd-bfe4-761dfcecd7a7
+DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20200902
+DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20200903
+DESCRIPTION:Event description that puts a UTF-8 multi-octet sequence right�
+ �here.
+SUMMARY:UTF-8 multi-octet sequence test
+END:VEVENT
+END:VCALENDAR

data/spec/fixtures/custom_component.ics

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+BEGIN:VCALENDAR
+PRODID:-//Atlassian Confluence//Calendar Plugin 1.0//EN
+VERSION:2.0
+CALSCALE:GREGORIAN
+X-WR-CALNAME:Grimsell testkalender
+X-WR-CALDESC:
+X-WR-TIMEZONE:Europe/Stockholm
+X-MIGRATED-FOR-USER-KEY:true
+METHOD:PUBLISH
+BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
+TZID:Europe/Stockholm
+TZURL:http://tzurl.org/zoneinfo/Europe/Stockholm
+SEQUENCE:9206
+BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
+TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
+TZOFFSETTO:+0200
+TZNAME:CEST
+DTSTART:19810329T020000
+RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=3;BYDAY=-1SU
+END:DAYLIGHT
+BEGIN:STANDARD
+TZOFFSETFROM:+0200
+TZOFFSETTO:+0100
+TZNAME:CET
+DTSTART:19961027T030000
+RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=10;BYDAY=-1SU
+END:STANDARD
+BEGIN:STANDARD
+TZOFFSETFROM:+011212
+TZOFFSETTO:+010014
+TZNAME:SET
+DTSTART:18790101T000000
+RDATE:18790101T000000
+END:STANDARD
+BEGIN:STANDARD
+TZOFFSETFROM:+010014
+TZOFFSETTO:+0100
+TZNAME:CET
+DTSTART:19000101T000000
+RDATE:19000101T000000
+END:STANDARD
+BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
+TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
+TZOFFSETTO:+0200
+TZNAME:CEST
+DTSTART:19160514T230000
+RDATE:19160514T230000
+RDATE:19800406T020000
+END:DAYLIGHT
+BEGIN:STANDARD
+TZOFFSETFROM:+0200
+TZOFFSETTO:+0100
+TZNAME:CET
+DTSTART:19161001T010000
+RDATE:19161001T010000
+RDATE:19800928T030000
+RDATE:19810927T030000
+RDATE:19820926T030000
+RDATE:19830925T030000
+RDATE:19840930T030000
+RDATE:19850929T030000
+RDATE:19860928T030000
+RDATE:19870927T030000
+RDATE:19880925T030000
+RDATE:19890924T030000
+RDATE:19900930T030000
+RDATE:19910929T030000
+RDATE:19920927T030000
+RDATE:19930926T030000
+RDATE:19940925T030000
+RDATE:19950924T030000
+END:STANDARD
+BEGIN:STANDARD
+TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
+TZOFFSETTO:+0100
+TZNAME:CET
+DTSTART:19800101T000000
+RDATE:19800101T000000
+END:STANDARD
+END:VTIMEZONE
+BEGIN:VEVENT
+DTSTAMP:20151203T104347Z
+SUMMARY:Kaffepaus
+UID:20151203T101856Z-1543254179@intranet.idainfront.se
+DESCRIPTION:
+ORGANIZER;X-CONFLUENCE-USER-KEY=ff80818141e4d3b60141e4d4b75700a2;CN=Magnu
+ s Grimsell;CUTYPE=INDIVIDUAL:mailto:magnus.grimsell@idainfront.se
+CREATED:20151203T101856Z
+LAST-MODIFIED:20151203T101856Z
+SEQUENCE:1
+X-CONFLUENCE-SUBCALENDAR-TYPE:other
+TRANSP:OPAQUE
+STATUS:CONFIRMED
+DTSTART:20151203T090000Z
+DTEND:20151203T091500Z
+END:VEVENT
+BEGIN:X-EVENT-SERIES
+SUMMARY:iipax - Sprints
+DESCRIPTION:
+X-CONFLUENCE-SUBCALENDAR-TYPE:jira-agile-sprint
+URL:jira://8112ef9a-343e-30e6-b469-4f993bf0371d?projectKey=II&dateFieldNa
+ me=sprint
+END:X-EVENT-SERIES
+BEGIN:VEVENT
+DTSTAMP:20151203T104348Z
+DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Stockholm:20130115T170800
+DTEND;TZID=Europe/Stockholm:20130204T170800
+UID:3cb4df4b-eb18-43fd-934a-16c15acfb4b1-3@jira.idainfront.se
+X-GREENHOPPER-SPRINT-CLOSED:false
+X-GREENHOPPER-SPRINT-EDITABLE:true
+X-JIRA-PROJECT;X-JIRA-PROJECT-KEY=II:iipax
+X-GREENHOPPER-SPRINT-VIEWBOARDS-URL:https://jira.idainfront.se/secure/GHG
+ oToBoard.jspa?sprintId=3
+SEQUENCE:0
+X-CONFLUENCE-SUBCALENDAR-TYPE:jira-agile-sprint
+TRANSP:OPAQUE
+STATUS:CONFIRMED
+DESCRIPTION:https://jira.idainfront.se/secure/GHGoToBoard.jspa?sprintId=3
+
+SUMMARY:iipax - Callisto-6
+END:VEVENT
+BEGIN:VEVENT
+DTSTAMP:20151203T104348Z
+DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Stockholm:20130219T080000
+DTEND;TZID=Europe/Stockholm:20130319T095900
+UID:3cb4df4b-eb18-43fd-934a-16c15acfb4b1-5@jira.idainfront.se
+X-GREENHOPPER-SPRINT-CLOSED:false
+X-GREENHOPPER-SPRINT-EDITABLE:true
+X-JIRA-PROJECT;X-JIRA-PROJECT-KEY=II:iipax
+X-GREENHOPPER-SPRINT-VIEWBOARDS-URL:https://jira.idainfront.se/secure/GHG
+ oToBoard.jspa?sprintId=5
+SEQUENCE:0
+X-CONFLUENCE-SUBCALENDAR-TYPE:jira-agile-sprint
+TRANSP:OPAQUE
+STATUS:CONFIRMED
+DESCRIPTION:https://jira.idainfront.se/secure/GHGoToBoard.jspa?sprintId=5
+
+SUMMARY:iipax - Bulbasaur
+END:VEVENT
+BEGIN:VEVENT
+DTSTAMP:20151203T104348Z
+DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Stockholm:20130326T105900
+DTEND;TZID=Europe/Stockholm:20130419T105900
+UID:3cb4df4b-eb18-43fd-934a-16c15acfb4b1-7@jira.idainfront.se
+X-GREENHOPPER-SPRINT-CLOSED:true
+X-GREENHOPPER-SPRINT-EDITABLE:true
+X-JIRA-PROJECT;X-JIRA-PROJECT-KEY=II:iipax
+X-GREENHOPPER-SPRINT-VIEWBOARDS-URL:https://jira.idainfront.se/secure/GHG
+ oToBoard.jspa?sprintId=7
+SEQUENCE:0
+X-CONFLUENCE-SUBCALENDAR-TYPE:jira-agile-sprint
+TRANSP:OPAQUE
+STATUS:CONFIRMED
+DESCRIPTION:https://jira.idainfront.se/secure/GHGoToBoard.jspa?sprintId=7
+
+SUMMARY:iipax - Ivysaur
+END:VEVENT
+END:VCALENDAR

data/spec/fixtures/single_event.ics

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ DTSTART;TZID=US-Mountain:20050120T170000
 DTEND;TZID=US-Mountain:20050120T184500
 CLASS:PRIVATE
 GEO:37.386013;-122.0829322
-ORGANIZER:mailto:joebob@random.net
+ORGANIZER;CN="Joe Bob: Magician":mailto:joebob@random.net
 PRIORITY:2
 SUMMARY:This is a really long summary to test the method of unfolding lines
  \, so I'm just going to make it a whole bunch of lines. With a twist: a "