ibm_db 5.2.0-x86-mingw32 → 5.3.2-x86-mingw32

data/test/cases/finder_test.rb

@@ -1,35 +1,42 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require "cases/helper"
-require 'models/post'
-require 'models/author'
-require 'models/categorization'
-require 'models/comment'
-require 'models/company'
-require 'models/tagging'
-require 'models/topic'
-require 'models/reply'
-require 'models/entrant'
-require 'models/project'
-require 'models/developer'
-require 'models/computer'
-require 'models/customer'
-require 'models/toy'
-require 'models/matey'
-require 'models/dog'
-require 'models/car'
-require 'models/tyre'
+require "models/post"
+require "models/author"
+require "models/account"
+require "models/categorization"
+require "models/comment"
+require "models/company"
+require "models/tagging"
+require "models/topic"
+require "models/reply"
+require "models/rating"
+require "models/entrant"
+require "models/project"
+require "models/developer"
+require "models/computer"
+require "models/customer"
+require "models/toy"
+require "models/matey"
+require "models/dog"
+require "models/car"
+require "models/tyre"
+require "models/subscriber"
+require "models/non_primary_key"
+require "support/stubs/strong_parameters"
 
 class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   fixtures :companies, :topics, :entrants, :developers, :developers_projects, :posts, :comments, :accounts, :authors, :author_addresses, :customers, :categories, :categorizations, :cars
 
   def test_find_by_id_with_hash
-    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
-      Post.find_by_id(:limit => 1)
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      Post.find_by_id(limit: 1)
     end
   end
 
   def test_find_by_title_and_id_with_hash
-    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
-      Post.find_by_title_and_id('foo', :limit => 1)
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      Post.find_by_title_and_id("foo", limit: 1)
     end
   end
 
@@ -37,6 +44,11 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     assert_equal(topics(:first).title, Topic.find(1).title)
   end
 
+  def test_find_with_hash_parameter
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Post.find(foo: "bar") }
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Post.find(foo: "bar", bar: "baz") }
+  end
+
   def test_find_with_proc_parameter_and_block
     exception = assert_raises(RuntimeError) do
       Topic.all.find(-> { raise "should happen" }) { |e| e.title == "non-existing-title" }
@@ -49,78 +61,91 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_find_with_ids_returning_ordered
-    puts "finder_test.test_find_with_ids_returning_ordered"
-    records = Topic.find([4,2,5])
-    assert_equal 'The Fourth Topic of the day', records[0].title
-    assert_equal 'The Second Topic of the day', records[1].title
-    assert_equal 'The Fifth Topic of the day', records[2].title
+    records = Topic.find([4, 2, 5])
+    assert_equal "The Fourth Topic of the day", records[0].title
+    assert_equal "The Second Topic of the day", records[1].title
+    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day", records[2].title
 
-    records = Topic.find(4,2,5)
-    assert_equal 'The Fourth Topic of the day', records[0].title
-    assert_equal 'The Second Topic of the day', records[1].title
-    assert_equal 'The Fifth Topic of the day', records[2].title
+    records = Topic.find(4, 2, 5)
+    assert_equal "The Fourth Topic of the day", records[0].title
+    assert_equal "The Second Topic of the day", records[1].title
+    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day", records[2].title
 
-    records = Topic.find(['4','2','5'])
-    assert_equal 'The Fourth Topic of the day', records[0].title
-    assert_equal 'The Second Topic of the day', records[1].title
-    assert_equal 'The Fifth Topic of the day', records[2].title
+    records = Topic.find(["4", "2", "5"])
+    assert_equal "The Fourth Topic of the day", records[0].title
+    assert_equal "The Second Topic of the day", records[1].title
+    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day", records[2].title
 
-    records = Topic.find('4','2','5')
-    assert_equal 'The Fourth Topic of the day', records[0].title
-    assert_equal 'The Second Topic of the day', records[1].title
-    assert_equal 'The Fifth Topic of the day', records[2].title
+    records = Topic.find("4", "2", "5")
+    assert_equal "The Fourth Topic of the day", records[0].title
+    assert_equal "The Second Topic of the day", records[1].title
+    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day", records[2].title
   end
 
   def test_find_with_ids_and_order_clause
     # The order clause takes precedence over the informed ids
-    records = Topic.order(:author_name).find([5,3,1])
-    assert_equal 'The Third Topic of the day', records[0].title
-    assert_equal 'The First Topic',            records[1].title
-    assert_equal 'The Fifth Topic of the day', records[2].title
+    records = Topic.order(:author_name).find([5, 3, 1])
+    assert_equal "The Third Topic of the day", records[0].title
+    assert_equal "The First Topic",            records[1].title
+    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day", records[2].title
 
-    records = Topic.order(:id).find([5,3,1])
-    assert_equal 'The First Topic',            records[0].title
-    assert_equal 'The Third Topic of the day', records[1].title
-    assert_equal 'The Fifth Topic of the day', records[2].title
+    records = Topic.order(:id).find([5, 3, 1])
+    assert_equal "The First Topic",            records[0].title
+    assert_equal "The Third Topic of the day", records[1].title
+    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day", records[2].title
   end
 
   def test_find_with_ids_with_limit_and_order_clause
-    puts "finder_test.test_find_with_ids_with_limit_and_order_clause"
     # The order clause takes precedence over the informed ids
-    records = Topic.limit(2).order(:id).find([5,3,1])
+    records = Topic.limit(2).order(:id).find([5, 3, 1])
     assert_equal 2, records.size
-    assert_equal 'The First Topic',            records[0].title
-    assert_equal 'The Third Topic of the day', records[1].title
+    assert_equal "The First Topic",            records[0].title
+    assert_equal "The Third Topic of the day", records[1].title
   end
 
   def test_find_with_ids_and_limit
-    records = Topic.limit(3).find([3,2,5,1,4])
+    records = Topic.limit(3).find([3, 2, 5, 1, 4])
     assert_equal 3, records.size
-    assert_equal 'The Third Topic of the day',  records[0].title
-    assert_equal 'The Second Topic of the day', records[1].title
-    assert_equal 'The Fifth Topic of the day',  records[2].title
+    assert_equal "The Third Topic of the day",  records[0].title
+    assert_equal "The Second Topic of the day", records[1].title
+    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day",  records[2].title
   end
 
   def test_find_with_ids_where_and_limit
     # Please note that Topic 1 is the only not approved so
     # if it were among the first 3 it would raise an ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
-    records = Topic.where(approved: true).limit(3).find([3,2,5,1,4])
+    records = Topic.where(approved: true).limit(3).find([3, 2, 5, 1, 4])
     assert_equal 3, records.size
-    assert_equal 'The Third Topic of the day',  records[0].title
-    assert_equal 'The Second Topic of the day', records[1].title
-    assert_equal 'The Fifth Topic of the day',  records[2].title
+    assert_equal "The Third Topic of the day",  records[0].title
+    assert_equal "The Second Topic of the day", records[1].title
+    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day",  records[2].title
   end
 
   def test_find_with_ids_and_offset
-    records = Topic.offset(2).find([3,2,5,1,4])
+    records = Topic.offset(2).find([3, 2, 5, 1, 4])
     assert_equal 3, records.size
-    assert_equal 'The Fifth Topic of the day',  records[0].title
-    assert_equal 'The First Topic',             records[1].title
-    assert_equal 'The Fourth Topic of the day', records[2].title
+    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day",  records[0].title
+    assert_equal "The First Topic",             records[1].title
+    assert_equal "The Fourth Topic of the day", records[2].title
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_ids_with_no_id_passed
+    exception = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.find }
+    assert_equal exception.model, "Topic"
+    assert_equal exception.primary_key, "id"
   end
 
-  def test_find_passing_active_record_object_is_deprecated
-    assert_deprecated do
+  def test_find_with_ids_with_id_out_of_range
+    exception = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
+      Topic.find("9999999999999999999999999999999")
+    end
+
+    assert_equal exception.model, "Topic"
+    assert_equal exception.primary_key, "id"
+  end
+
+  def test_find_passing_active_record_object_is_not_permitted
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
       Topic.find(Topic.last)
     end
   end
@@ -129,7 +154,7 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     gc_disabled = GC.disable
     Post.where("author_id" => nil)  # warm up
     x = Symbol.all_symbols.count
-    Post.where("title" => {"xxxqqqq" => "bar"})
+    Post.where("title" => { "xxxqqqq" => "bar" })
     assert_equal x, Symbol.all_symbols.count
   ensure
     GC.enable if gc_disabled == false
@@ -138,7 +163,7 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   # find should handle strings that come from URLs
   # (example: Category.find(params[:id]))
   def test_find_with_string
-    assert_equal(Topic.find(1).title,Topic.find("1").title)
+    assert_equal(Topic.find(1).title, Topic.find("1").title)
   end
 
   def test_exists
@@ -146,23 +171,49 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     assert_equal true, Topic.exists?("1")
     assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(title: "The First Topic")
     assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(heading: "The First Topic")
-    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(:author_name => "Mary", :approved => true)
+    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(author_name: "Mary", approved: true)
     assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(["parent_id = ?", 1])
     assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(id: [1, 9999])
 
     assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(45)
+    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(9999999999999999999999999999999)
     assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(Topic.new.id)
 
-    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.exists?([1,2]) }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.exists?([1, 2]) }
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_scope
+    davids = Author.where(name: "David")
+    assert_equal true, davids.exists?
+    assert_equal true, davids.exists?(authors(:david).id)
+    assert_equal false, davids.exists?(authors(:mary).id)
+    assert_equal false, davids.exists?("42")
+    assert_equal false, davids.exists?(42)
+    assert_equal false, davids.exists?(davids.new.id)
+
+    fake = Author.where(name: "fake author")
+    assert_equal false, fake.exists?
+    assert_equal false, fake.exists?(authors(:david).id)
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_uses_existing_scope
+    post = authors(:david).posts.first
+    authors = Author.includes(:posts).where(name: "David", posts: { id: post.id })
+    assert_equal true, authors.exists?(authors(:david).id)
+  end
+
+  def test_any_with_scope_on_hash_includes
+    post = authors(:david).posts.first
+    categories = Categorization.includes(author: :posts).where(posts: { id: post.id })
+    assert_equal true, categories.exists?
   end
 
   def test_exists_with_polymorphic_relation
-    puts "finder_test.test_exists_with_polymorphic_relation"
-    post = Post.create!(title: 'Post', body: 'default', taggings: [Tagging.new(comment: 'tagging comment')])
-    relation = Post.tagged_with_comment('tagging comment')
+    post = Post.create!(title: "Post", body: "default", taggings: [Tagging.new(comment: "tagging comment")])
+    relation = Post.tagged_with_comment("tagging comment")
 
-    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(title: ['Post'])
-    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(['title LIKE ?', 'Post%'])
+    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(title: ["Post"])
+    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(["title LIKE ?", "Post%"])
     assert_equal true, relation.exists?
     assert_equal true, relation.exists?(post.id)
     assert_equal true, relation.exists?(post.id.to_s)
@@ -170,23 +221,38 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     assert_equal false, relation.exists?(false)
   end
 
-  def test_exists_passing_active_record_object_is_deprecated
-    assert_deprecated do
-      Topic.exists?(Topic.new)
+  def test_exists_with_string
+    assert_equal false, Subscriber.exists?("foo")
+    assert_equal false, Subscriber.exists?("   ")
+
+    Subscriber.create!(id: "foo")
+    Subscriber.create!(id: "   ")
+
+    assert_equal true, Subscriber.exists?("foo")
+    assert_equal true, Subscriber.exists?("   ")
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_strong_parameters
+    assert_equal false, Subscriber.exists?(ProtectedParams.new(nick: "foo").permit!)
+
+    Subscriber.create!(nick: "foo")
+
+    assert_equal true, Subscriber.exists?(ProtectedParams.new(nick: "foo").permit!)
+
+    assert_raises(ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributesError) do
+      Subscriber.exists?(ProtectedParams.new(nick: "foo"))
     end
   end
 
-  def test_exists_fails_when_parameter_has_invalid_type
-    puts "finder_test.test_exists_fails_when_parameter_has_invalid_type"
-    assert_raises(ActiveModel::RangeError) do
-      assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(("9"*53).to_i) # number that's bigger than int
+  def test_exists_passing_active_record_object_is_not_permitted
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+      Topic.exists?(Topic.new)
     end
-    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?("foo")
   end
 
   def test_exists_does_not_select_columns_without_alias
-    puts "finder_test.test_exists_does_not_select_columns_without_alias"
-    assert_sql(/SELECT\W+1 AS one FROM ["`]topics["`]/i) do
+    c = Topic.connection
+    assert_sql(/SELECT 1 AS one FROM #{Regexp.escape(c.quote_table_name("topics"))}/i) do
       Topic.exists?
     end
   end
@@ -209,29 +275,81 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     assert_equal true, Topic.first.replies.exists?
   end
 
-  # ensures +exists?+ runs valid SQL by excluding order value
-  def test_exists_with_order
+  def test_exists_with_empty_hash_arg
+    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?({})
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_distinct_and_offset_and_joins
+    assert Post.left_joins(:comments).distinct.offset(10).exists?
+    assert_not Post.left_joins(:comments).distinct.offset(11).exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_distinct_and_offset_and_select
+    assert Post.select(:body).distinct.offset(4).exists?
+    assert_not Post.select(:body).distinct.offset(5).exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_distinct_and_offset_and_eagerload_and_order
+    assert Post.eager_load(:comments).distinct.offset(10).merge(Comment.order(post_id: :asc)).exists?
+    assert_not Post.eager_load(:comments).distinct.offset(11).merge(Comment.order(post_id: :asc)).exists?
+  end
+
+  # Ensure +exists?+ runs without an error by excluding distinct value.
+  # See https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/26981.
+  def test_exists_with_order_and_distinct
     assert_equal true, Topic.order(:id).distinct.exists?
   end
 
+  # Ensure +exists?+ runs without an error by excluding order value.
+  def test_exists_with_order
+    assert_equal true, Topic.order(Arel.sql("invalid sql here")).exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_large_number
+    assert_equal true, Topic.where(id: [1, 9223372036854775808]).exists?
+    assert_equal true, Topic.where(id: 1..9223372036854775808).exists?
+    assert_equal true, Topic.where(id: -9223372036854775809..9223372036854775808).exists?
+    assert_equal false, Topic.where(id: 9223372036854775808..9223372036854775809).exists?
+    assert_equal false, Topic.where(id: -9223372036854775810..-9223372036854775809).exists?
+    assert_equal false, Topic.where(id: 9223372036854775808..1).exists?
+    assert_equal true, Topic.where(id: 1).or(Topic.where(id: 9223372036854775808)).exists?
+    assert_equal true, Topic.where.not(id: 9223372036854775808).exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_joins
+    assert_equal true, Topic.joins(:replies).where(replies_topics: { approved: true }).order("replies_topics.created_at DESC").exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_left_joins
+    assert_equal true, Topic.left_joins(:replies).where(replies_topics: { approved: true }).order("replies_topics.created_at DESC").exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_with_eager_load
+    assert_equal true, Topic.eager_load(:replies).where(replies_topics: { approved: true }).order("replies_topics.created_at DESC").exists?
+  end
+
   def test_exists_with_includes_limit_and_empty_result
-    puts "finder_test.test_exists_with_includes_limit_and_empty_result"
-    assert_equal false, Topic.includes(:replies).limit(0).exists?
-    assert_equal false, Topic.includes(:replies).limit(1).where('0 = 1').exists?
+    assert_no_queries { assert_equal false, Topic.includes(:replies).limit(0).exists? }
+    assert_queries(1) { assert_equal false, Topic.includes(:replies).limit(1).where("0 = 1").exists? }
   end
 
   def test_exists_with_distinct_association_includes_and_limit
-    puts "finder_test.test_exists_with_distinct_association_includes_and_limit"
     author = Author.first
-    assert_equal false, author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments).limit(0).exists?
-    assert_equal true, author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments).limit(1).exists?
+    unique_categorized_posts = author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments)
+    assert_no_queries { assert_equal false, unique_categorized_posts.limit(0).exists? }
+    assert_queries(1) { assert_equal true, unique_categorized_posts.limit(1).exists? }
   end
 
   def test_exists_with_distinct_association_includes_limit_and_order
-    puts "finder_test.test_exists_with_distinct_association_includes_limit_and_order"
     author = Author.first
-    assert_equal false, author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments).order('comments.tags_count DESC').limit(0).exists?
-    assert_equal true, author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments).order('comments.tags_count DESC').limit(1).exists?
+    unique_categorized_posts = author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments).order("comments.tags_count DESC")
+    assert_no_queries { assert_equal false, unique_categorized_posts.limit(0).exists? }
+    assert_queries(1) { assert_equal true, unique_categorized_posts.limit(1).exists? }
+  end
+
+  def test_exists_should_reference_correct_aliases_while_joining_tables_of_has_many_through_association
+    ratings = developers(:david).ratings.includes(comment: :post).where(posts: { id: 1 })
+    assert_queries(1) { assert_not_predicate ratings.limit(1), :exists? }
   end
 
   def test_exists_with_empty_table_and_no_args_given
@@ -241,17 +359,14 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
 
   def test_exists_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings
     existing_address = customers(:david).address
-    assert_equal true, Customer.exists?(:address => existing_address)
+    assert_equal true, Customer.exists?(address: existing_address)
   end
 
   def test_exists_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings_with_one_difference
     existing_address = customers(:david).address
-    assert_equal false, Customer.exists?(:address =>
-      Address.new(existing_address.street, existing_address.city, existing_address.country + "1"))
-    assert_equal false, Customer.exists?(:address =>
-      Address.new(existing_address.street, existing_address.city + "1", existing_address.country))
-    assert_equal false, Customer.exists?(:address =>
-      Address.new(existing_address.street + "1", existing_address.city, existing_address.country))
+    assert_equal false, Customer.exists?(address: Address.new(existing_address.street, existing_address.city, existing_address.country + "1"))
+    assert_equal false, Customer.exists?(address: Address.new(existing_address.street, existing_address.city + "1", existing_address.country))
+    assert_equal false, Customer.exists?(address: Address.new(existing_address.street + "1", existing_address.city, existing_address.country))
   end
 
   def test_exists_does_not_instantiate_records
@@ -260,6 +375,125 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     end
   end
 
+  def test_include_on_unloaded_relation_with_match
+    assert_sql(/1 AS one.*LIMIT/) do
+      assert_equal true, Customer.where(name: "David").include?(customers(:david))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_include_on_unloaded_relation_without_match
+    assert_sql(/1 AS one.*LIMIT/) do
+      assert_equal false, Customer.where(name: "David").include?(customers(:mary))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_include_on_unloaded_relation_with_mismatched_class
+    topic = topics(:first)
+    assert Customer.exists?(topic.id)
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      assert_equal false, Customer.where(name: "David").include?(topic)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_include_on_unloaded_relation_with_offset
+    assert_sql(/ORDER BY name ASC/) do
+      assert_equal true, Customer.offset(1).order("name ASC").include?(customers(:mary))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_include_on_unloaded_relation_with_limit
+    mary = customers(:mary)
+    barney = customers(:barney)
+    david = customers(:david)
+
+    assert_equal false, Customer.order(id: :desc).limit(2).include?(david)
+    assert_equal true,  Customer.order(id: :desc).limit(2).include?(barney)
+    assert_equal true,  Customer.order(id: :desc).limit(2).include?(mary)
+  end
+
+  def test_include_on_unloaded_relation_with_having_referencing_aliased_select
+    skip if current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter)
+    bob = authors(:bob)
+    mary = authors(:mary)
+
+    assert_equal false, Author.select("COUNT(*) as total_posts", "authors.*").joins(:posts).group(:id).having("total_posts > 2").include?(bob)
+    assert_equal true, Author.select("COUNT(*) as total_posts", "authors.*").joins(:posts).group(:id).having("total_posts > 2").include?(mary)
+  end
+
+  def test_include_on_loaded_relation_with_match
+    customers = Customer.where(name: "David").load
+    david     = customers(:david)
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      assert_equal true, customers.include?(david)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_include_on_loaded_relation_without_match
+    customers = Customer.where(name: "David").load
+    mary      = customers(:mary)
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      assert_equal false, customers.include?(mary)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_member_on_unloaded_relation_with_match
+    assert_sql(/1 AS one.*LIMIT/) do
+      assert_equal true, Customer.where(name: "David").member?(customers(:david))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_member_on_unloaded_relation_without_match
+    assert_sql(/1 AS one.*LIMIT/) do
+      assert_equal false, Customer.where(name: "David").member?(customers(:mary))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_member_on_unloaded_relation_with_mismatched_class
+    topic = topics(:first)
+    assert Customer.exists?(topic.id)
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      assert_equal false, Customer.where(name: "David").member?(topic)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_member_on_unloaded_relation_with_offset
+    assert_sql(/ORDER BY name ASC/) do
+      assert_equal true, Customer.offset(1).order("name ASC").member?(customers(:mary))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_member_on_unloaded_relation_with_limit
+    mary = customers(:mary)
+    barney = customers(:barney)
+    david = customers(:david)
+
+    assert_equal false, Customer.order(id: :desc).limit(2).member?(david)
+    assert_equal true,  Customer.order(id: :desc).limit(2).member?(barney)
+    assert_equal true,  Customer.order(id: :desc).limit(2).member?(mary)
+  end
+
+  def test_member_on_loaded_relation_with_match
+    customers = Customer.where(name: "David").load
+    david     = customers(:david)
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      assert_equal true, customers.member?(david)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_member_on_loaded_relation_without_match
+    customers = Customer.where(name: "David").load
+    mary      = customers(:mary)
+
+    assert_no_queries do
+      assert_equal false, customers.member?(mary)
+    end
+  end
+
   def test_find_by_array_of_one_id
     assert_kind_of(Array, Topic.find([ 1 ]))
     assert_equal(1, Topic.find([ 1 ]).length)
@@ -271,47 +505,63 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_find_by_ids_with_limit_and_offset
-    assert_equal 2, Entrant.limit(2).find([1,3,2]).size
-    entrants = Entrant.limit(3).offset(2).find([1,3,2])
+    assert_equal 2, Entrant.limit(2).find([1, 3, 2]).size
+    entrants = Entrant.limit(3).offset(2).find([1, 3, 2])
     assert_equal 1, entrants.size
-    assert_equal 'Ruby Guru', entrants.first.name
+    assert_equal "Ruby Guru", entrants.first.name
 
     # Also test an edge case: If you have 11 results, and you set a
     #   limit of 3 and offset of 9, then you should find that there
     #   will be only 2 results, regardless of the limit.
     devs = Developer.all
-    last_devs = Developer.limit(3).offset(9).find devs.map(&:id)
+    last_devs = Developer.limit(3).offset(9).find(devs.map(&:id).sort)
     assert_equal 2, last_devs.size
-    assert_equal 'fixture_10', last_devs[0].name
-    assert_equal 'Jamis', last_devs[1].name
+    assert_equal "fixture_10", last_devs[0].name
+    assert_equal "Jamis", last_devs[1].name
   end
 
-  unless current_adapter?(:IBM_DBAdapter)
-	  def test_find_with_large_number
-		assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.find('9999999999999999999999999999999') }
-	  end
+  def test_find_with_large_number
+    assert_queries(0) do
+      assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.find("9999999999999999999999999999999") }
+    end
+  end
 
-  	  def test_find_by_with_large_number
-		assert_nil Topic.find_by(id: '9999999999999999999999999999999')
-	  end
+  def test_find_by_with_large_number
+    assert_queries(0) do
+      assert_nil Topic.find_by(id: "9999999999999999999999999999999")
+    end
+  end
 
-	  def test_find_by_id_with_large_number
-		assert_nil Topic.find_by_id('9999999999999999999999999999999')
-	  end
+  def test_find_by_id_with_large_number
+    assert_queries(0) do
+      assert_nil Topic.find_by_id("9999999999999999999999999999999")
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_relation_with_large_number
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
+      Topic.where("1=1").find(9999999999999999999999999999999)
+    end
+    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.where(id: [1, 9999999999999999999999999999999]).find(1)
+  end
 
-	  def test_find_on_relation_with_large_number
-		assert_nil Topic.where('1=1').find_by(id: 9999999999999999999999999999999)
-	  end
+  def test_find_by_on_relation_with_large_number
+    assert_nil Topic.where("1=1").find_by(id: 9999999999999999999999999999999)
+    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.where(id: [1, 9999999999999999999999999999999]).find_by(id: 1)
+  end
 
-	  def test_find_by_bang_on_relation_with_large_number
-		assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
-		  Topic.where('1=1').find_by!(id: 9999999999999999999999999999999)
-		end
-	  end
+  def test_find_by_bang_on_relation_with_large_number
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
+      Topic.where("1=1").find_by!(id: 9999999999999999999999999999999)
+    end
+    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.where(id: [1, 9999999999999999999999999999999]).find_by!(id: 1)
   end
 
   def test_find_an_empty_array
-    assert_equal [], Topic.find([])
+    empty_array = []
+    result = Topic.find(empty_array)
+    assert_equal [], result
+    assert_not_same empty_array, result
   end
 
   def test_find_doesnt_have_implicit_ordering
@@ -323,7 +573,7 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_find_with_group_and_sanitized_having_method
-    developers = Developer.group(:salary).having("sum(salary) > ?", 10000).select('salary').to_a
+    developers = Developer.group(:salary).having("sum(salary) > ?", 10000).select("salary").to_a
     assert_equal 3, developers.size
     assert_equal 3, developers.map(&:salary).uniq.size
     assert developers.all? { |developer| developer.salary > 10000 }
@@ -349,18 +599,23 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_find_by_association_subquery
-    author = authors(:david)
-    assert_equal author.post, Post.find_by(author: Author.where(id: author))
-    assert_equal author.post, Post.find_by(author_id: Author.where(id: author))
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_equal firm.account, Account.find_by(firm: Firm.where(id: firm))
+    assert_equal firm.account, Account.find_by(firm_id: Firm.where(id: firm))
   end
 
   def test_find_by_and_where_consistency_with_active_record_instance
-    author = authors(:david)
-    assert_equal Post.where(author_id: author).take, Post.find_by(author_id: author)
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_equal Account.where(firm_id: firm).take, Account.find_by(firm_id: firm)
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_with_alias
+    account = accounts(:last_account)
+    assert_equal account, Account.find_by(available_credit: account.available_credit)
   end
 
   def test_take
-    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.take
+    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.where("title = 'The First Topic'").take
   end
 
   def test_take_failing
@@ -403,6 +658,8 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     expected = topics(:first)
     expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
     assert_equal expected, Topic.first
+    assert_equal expected, Topic.limit(5).first
+    assert_equal expected, Topic.order(nil).first
   end
 
   def test_model_class_responds_to_first_bang
@@ -414,20 +671,19 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_second
-    puts "finder_test.test_second"
     assert_equal topics(:second).title, Topic.second.title
   end
 
   def test_second_with_offset
-    puts "finder_test.test_second_with_offset"
     assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(3).second
   end
 
   def test_second_have_primary_key_order_by_default
-    puts "finder_test.test_second_have_primary_key_order_by_default"
     expected = topics(:second)
     expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
     assert_equal expected, Topic.second
+    assert_equal expected, Topic.limit(5).second
+    assert_equal expected, Topic.order(nil).second
   end
 
   def test_model_class_responds_to_second_bang
@@ -439,20 +695,19 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_third
-    puts "finder_test.test_third"
     assert_equal topics(:third).title, Topic.third.title
   end
 
   def test_third_with_offset
-    puts "finder_test.test_third_with_offset"
     assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(2).third
   end
 
   def test_third_have_primary_key_order_by_default
-    puts "finder_test.test_third_have_primary_key_order_by_default"
     expected = topics(:third)
     expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
     assert_equal expected, Topic.third
+    assert_equal expected, Topic.limit(5).third
+    assert_equal expected, Topic.order(nil).third
   end
 
   def test_model_class_responds_to_third_bang
@@ -464,20 +719,19 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_fourth
-    puts "finder_test.test_fourth"
     assert_equal topics(:fourth).title, Topic.fourth.title
   end
 
   def test_fourth_with_offset
-    puts "finder_test.test_fourth_with_offset"
     assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(1).fourth
   end
 
   def test_fourth_have_primary_key_order_by_default
-    puts "finder_test.test_fourth_have_primary_key_order_by_default"
     expected = topics(:fourth)
     expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
     assert_equal expected, Topic.fourth
+    assert_equal expected, Topic.limit(5).fourth
+    assert_equal expected, Topic.order(nil).fourth
   end
 
   def test_model_class_responds_to_fourth_bang
@@ -493,15 +747,15 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_fifth_with_offset
-    puts "finder_test.test_fifth_with_offset"
     assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(0).fifth
   end
 
   def test_fifth_have_primary_key_order_by_default
-    puts "finder_test.test_fifth_have_primary_key_order_by_default"
     expected = topics(:fifth)
     expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
     assert_equal expected, Topic.fifth
+    assert_equal expected, Topic.limit(5).fifth
+    assert_equal expected, Topic.order(nil).fifth
   end
 
   def test_model_class_responds_to_fifth_bang
@@ -513,19 +767,18 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_second_to_last
-    puts "finder_test.test_second_to_last"
     assert_equal topics(:fourth).title, Topic.second_to_last.title
 
     # test with offset
     assert_equal topics(:fourth), Topic.offset(1).second_to_last
     assert_equal topics(:fourth), Topic.offset(2).second_to_last
     assert_equal topics(:fourth), Topic.offset(3).second_to_last
-    assert_equal nil, Topic.offset(4).second_to_last
-    assert_equal nil, Topic.offset(5).second_to_last
+    assert_nil Topic.offset(4).second_to_last
+    assert_nil Topic.offset(5).second_to_last
 
-    #test with limit
-    # assert_equal nil, Topic.limit(1).second # TODO: currently failing
-    assert_equal nil, Topic.limit(1).second_to_last
+    # test with limit
+    assert_nil Topic.limit(1).second
+    assert_nil Topic.limit(1).second_to_last
   end
 
   def test_second_to_last_have_primary_key_order_by_default
@@ -548,15 +801,15 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     # test with offset
     assert_equal topics(:third), Topic.offset(1).third_to_last
     assert_equal topics(:third), Topic.offset(2).third_to_last
-    assert_equal nil, Topic.offset(3).third_to_last
-    assert_equal nil, Topic.offset(4).third_to_last
-    assert_equal nil, Topic.offset(5).third_to_last
+    assert_nil Topic.offset(3).third_to_last
+    assert_nil Topic.offset(4).third_to_last
+    assert_nil Topic.offset(5).third_to_last
 
     # test with limit
-    # assert_equal nil, Topic.limit(1).third # TODO: currently failing
-    assert_equal nil, Topic.limit(1).third_to_last
-    # assert_equal nil, Topic.limit(2).third # TODO: currently failing
-    assert_equal nil, Topic.limit(2).third_to_last
+    assert_nil Topic.limit(1).third
+    assert_nil Topic.limit(1).third_to_last
+    assert_nil Topic.limit(2).third
+    assert_nil Topic.limit(2).third_to_last
   end
 
   def test_third_to_last_have_primary_key_order_by_default
@@ -594,31 +847,29 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_take_and_first_and_last_with_integer_should_use_sql_limit
-    puts "finder_test.test_take_and_first_and_last_with_integer_should_use_sql_limit"
     assert_sql(/LIMIT|ROWNUM <=|FETCH FIRST/) { Topic.take(3).entries }
     assert_sql(/LIMIT|ROWNUM <=|FETCH FIRST/) { Topic.first(2).entries }
     assert_sql(/LIMIT|ROWNUM <=|FETCH FIRST/) { Topic.last(5).entries }
   end
 
   def test_last_with_integer_and_order_should_keep_the_order
-    puts "finder_test.test_last_with_integer_and_order_should_keep_the_order"
     assert_equal Topic.order("title").to_a.last(2), Topic.order("title").last(2)
   end
 
   def test_last_with_integer_and_order_should_use_sql_limit
     relation = Topic.order("title")
     assert_queries(1) { relation.last(5) }
-    assert !relation.loaded?
+    assert_not_predicate relation, :loaded?
   end
 
   def test_last_with_integer_and_reorder_should_use_sql_limit
     relation = Topic.reorder("title")
     assert_queries(1) { relation.last(5) }
-    assert !relation.loaded?
+    assert_not_predicate relation, :loaded?
   end
 
   def test_last_on_loaded_relation_should_not_use_sql
-    relation  = Topic.limit(10).load
+    relation = Topic.limit(10).load
     assert_no_queries do
       relation.last
       relation.last(2)
@@ -626,25 +877,95 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_last_with_irreversible_order
-    assert_deprecated do
-      Topic.order("coalesce(author_name, title)").last
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError) do
+      Topic.order(Arel.sql("coalesce(author_name, title)")).last
     end
   end
 
   def test_last_on_relation_with_limit_and_offset
-    post = posts('sti_comments')
+    post = posts("sti_comments")
 
     comments = post.comments.order(id: :asc)
     assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.last, comments.limit(2).last
     assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.last(2), comments.limit(2).last(2)
     assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.last(3), comments.limit(2).last(3)
 
+    assert_equal comments.offset(2).to_a.last, comments.offset(2).last
+    assert_equal comments.offset(2).to_a.last(2), comments.offset(2).last(2)
+    assert_equal comments.offset(2).to_a.last(3), comments.offset(2).last(3)
+
     comments = comments.offset(1)
     assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.last, comments.limit(2).last
     assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.last(2), comments.limit(2).last(2)
     assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.last(3), comments.limit(2).last(3)
   end
 
+  def test_first_on_relation_with_limit_and_offset
+    post = posts("sti_comments")
+
+    comments = post.comments.order(id: :asc)
+    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.first, comments.limit(2).first
+    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.first(2), comments.limit(2).first(2)
+    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.first(3), comments.limit(2).first(3)
+
+    assert_equal comments.offset(2).to_a.first, comments.offset(2).first
+    assert_equal comments.offset(2).to_a.first(2), comments.offset(2).first(2)
+    assert_equal comments.offset(2).to_a.first(3), comments.offset(2).first(3)
+
+    comments = comments.offset(1)
+    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.first, comments.limit(2).first
+    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.first(2), comments.limit(2).first(2)
+    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.first(3), comments.limit(2).first(3)
+  end
+
+  def test_first_have_determined_order_by_default
+    expected = [companies(:second_client), companies(:another_client)]
+    clients = Client.where(name: expected.map(&:name))
+
+    assert_equal expected, clients.first(2)
+    assert_equal expected, clients.limit(5).first(2)
+    assert_equal expected, clients.order(nil).first(2)
+  end
+
+  def test_implicit_order_column_is_configurable
+    old_implicit_order_column = Topic.implicit_order_column
+    Topic.implicit_order_column = "title"
+
+    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.first
+    assert_equal topics(:third), Topic.last
+
+    c = Topic.connection
+    assert_sql(/ORDER BY #{Regexp.escape(c.quote_table_name("topics.title"))} DESC, #{Regexp.escape(c.quote_table_name("topics.id"))} DESC LIMIT/i) {
+      Topic.last
+    }
+  ensure
+    Topic.implicit_order_column = old_implicit_order_column
+  end
+
+  def test_implicit_order_set_to_primary_key
+    old_implicit_order_column = Topic.implicit_order_column
+    Topic.implicit_order_column = "id"
+
+    c = Topic.connection
+    assert_sql(/ORDER BY #{Regexp.escape(c.quote_table_name("topics.id"))} DESC LIMIT/i) {
+      Topic.last
+    }
+  ensure
+    Topic.implicit_order_column = old_implicit_order_column
+  end
+
+  def test_implicit_order_for_model_without_primary_key
+    old_implicit_order_column = NonPrimaryKey.implicit_order_column
+    NonPrimaryKey.implicit_order_column = "created_at"
+
+    c = NonPrimaryKey.connection
+    assert_sql(/ORDER BY #{Regexp.escape(c.quote_table_name("non_primary_keys.created_at"))} DESC LIMIT/i) {
+      NonPrimaryKey.last
+    }
+  ensure
+    NonPrimaryKey.implicit_order_column = old_implicit_order_column
+  end
+
   def test_take_and_first_and_last_with_integer_should_return_an_array
     assert_kind_of Array, Topic.take(5)
     assert_kind_of Array, Topic.first(5)
@@ -661,12 +982,12 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
 
   def test_find_only_some_columns
     topic = Topic.select("author_name").find(1)
-    assert_raise(ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError) {topic.title}
-    assert_raise(ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError) {topic.title?}
+    assert_raise(ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError) { topic.title }
+    assert_raise(ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError) { topic.title? }
     assert_nil topic.read_attribute("title")
     assert_equal "David", topic.author_name
-    assert !topic.attribute_present?("title")
-    assert !topic.attribute_present?(:title)
+    assert_not topic.attribute_present?("title")
+    assert_not topic.attribute_present?(:title)
     assert topic.attribute_present?("author_name")
     assert_respond_to topic, "author_name"
   end
@@ -682,8 +1003,8 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_qualified_attribute_dot_notation_string
-    assert Topic.where('topics.approved' => false).find(1)
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where('topics.approved' => true).find(1) }
+    assert Topic.where("topics.approved" => false).find(1)
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where("topics.approved" => true).find(1) }
   end
 
   def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_qualified_attribute_dot_notation_symbol
@@ -697,68 +1018,75 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_find_on_combined_explicit_and_hashed_table_names
-    assert Topic.where('topics.approved' => false, topics: { author_name: "David" }).find(1)
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where('topics.approved' => true, topics: { author_name: "David" }).find(1) }
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where('topics.approved' => false, topics: { author_name: "Melanie" }).find(1) }
+    assert Topic.where("topics.approved" => false, topics: { author_name: "David" }).find(1)
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where("topics.approved" => true, topics: { author_name: "David" }).find(1) }
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where("topics.approved" => false, topics: { author_name: "Melanie" }).find(1) }
   end
 
   def test_find_with_hash_conditions_on_joined_table
-    firms = Firm.joins(:account).where(:accounts => { :credit_limit => 50 })
+    firms = Firm.joins(:account).where(accounts: { credit_limit: 50 })
     assert_equal 1, firms.size
     assert_equal companies(:first_firm), firms.first
   end
 
   def test_find_with_hash_conditions_on_joined_table_and_with_range
-    firms = DependentFirm.joins(:account).where(name: 'RailsCore', accounts: { credit_limit: 55..60 })
+    firms = DependentFirm.joins(:account).where(name: "RailsCore", accounts: { credit_limit: 55..60 })
     assert_equal 1, firms.size
     assert_equal companies(:rails_core), firms.first
   end
 
   def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_explicit_table_name_and_aggregate
     david = customers(:david)
-    assert Customer.where('customers.name' => david.name, :address => david.address).find(david.id)
+    assert Customer.where("customers.name" => david.name, :address => david.address).find(david.id)
     assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) {
-      Customer.where('customers.name' => david.name + "1", :address => david.address).find(david.id)
+      Customer.where("customers.name" => david.name + "1", :address => david.address).find(david.id)
     }
   end
 
   def test_find_on_association_proxy_conditions
-    assert_equal [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12], Comment.where(post_id: authors(:david).posts).map(&:id).sort
+    assert_equal [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13], Comment.where(post_id: authors(:david).posts).map(&:id).sort
   end
 
   def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_range
-    assert_equal [1,2], Topic.where(id: 1..2).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+    assert_equal [1, 2], Topic.where(id: 1..2).to_a.map(&:id).sort
     assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(id: 2..3).find(1) }
   end
 
   def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_end_exclusive_range
-    assert_equal [1,2,3], Topic.where(id: 1..3).to_a.map(&:id).sort
-    assert_equal [1,2], Topic.where(id: 1...3).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+    assert_equal [1, 2, 3], Topic.where(id: 1..3).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+    assert_equal [1, 2], Topic.where(id: 1...3).to_a.map(&:id).sort
     assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(id: 2...3).find(3) }
   end
 
   def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_multiple_ranges
-    assert_equal [1,2,3], Comment.where(id: 1..3, post_id: 1..2).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+    assert_equal [1, 2, 3], Comment.where(id: 1..3, post_id: 1..2).to_a.map(&:id).sort
     assert_equal [1], Comment.where(id: 1..1, post_id: 1..10).to_a.map(&:id).sort
   end
 
   def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_array_of_integers_and_ranges
-    assert_equal [1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9], Comment.where(id: [1..2, 3, 5, 6..8, 9]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+    assert_equal [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], Comment.where(id: [1..2, 3, 5, 6..8, 9]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
   end
 
   def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_array_of_ranges
-    assert_equal [1,2,6,7,8], Comment.where(id: [1..2, 6..8]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+    assert_equal [1, 2, 6, 7, 8], Comment.where(id: [1..2, 6..8]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_open_ended_range
+    assert_equal [1, 2, 3], Comment.where(id: Float::INFINITY..3).to_a.map(&:id).sort
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_numeric_range_for_string
+    topic = Topic.create!(title: "12 Factor App")
+    assert_equal [topic], Topic.where(title: 10..2).to_a
   end
 
   def test_find_on_multiple_hash_conditions
     assert Topic.where(author_name: "David", title: "The First Topic", replies_count: 1, approved: false).find(1)
     assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(author_name: "David", title: "The First Topic", replies_count: 1, approved: true).find(1) }
     assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(author_name: "David", title: "HHC", replies_count: 1, approved: false).find(1) }
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(author_name: "David", title: "The First Topic", replies_count: 1, approved: true).find(1) }
   end
 
   def test_condition_interpolation
-    puts "finder_test.test_condition_interpolation"
     assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where("name = '%s'", "37signals").first
     assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!"]).first
     assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!' OR 1=1"]).first
@@ -766,7 +1094,6 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_condition_array_interpolation
-    puts "finder_test.test_condition_array_interpolation"
     assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals"]).first
     assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!"]).first
     assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!' OR 1=1"]).first
@@ -786,16 +1113,14 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_hash_condition_find_with_escaped_characters
-    puts "finder_test.test_hash_condition_find_with_escaped_characters"
     Company.create("name" => "Ain't noth'n like' \#stuff")
     assert Company.where(name: "Ain't noth'n like' \#stuff").first
   end
 
   def test_hash_condition_find_with_array
-    puts "finder_test.test_hash_condition_find_with_array"
-    p1, p2 = Post.limit(2).order('id asc').to_a
-    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(id: [p1, p2]).order('id asc').to_a
-    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(id: [p1, p2.id]).order('id asc').to_a
+    p1, p2 = Post.limit(2).order("id asc").to_a
+    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(id: [p1, p2]).order("id asc").to_a
+    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(id: [p1, p2.id]).order("id asc").to_a
   end
 
   def test_hash_condition_find_with_nil
@@ -807,57 +1132,95 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_one_mapping
     balance = customers(:david).balance
     assert_kind_of Money, balance
-    found_customer = Customer.where(:balance => balance).first
+    found_customer = Customer.where(balance: balance).first
     assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
   end
 
+  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings_array
+    david_address = customers(:david).address
+    zaphod_address = customers(:zaphod).address
+    barney_address = customers(:barney).address
+    assert_kind_of Address, david_address
+    assert_kind_of Address, zaphod_address
+    found_customers = Customer.where(address: [david_address, zaphod_address, barney_address])
+    assert_equal [customers(:david), customers(:zaphod), customers(:barney)], found_customers.sort_by(&:id)
+  end
+
+  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_one_mapping_array
+    david_balance = customers(:david).balance
+    zaphod_balance = customers(:zaphod).balance
+    assert_kind_of Money, david_balance
+    assert_kind_of Money, zaphod_balance
+    found_customers = Customer.where(balance: [david_balance, zaphod_balance])
+    assert_equal [customers(:david), customers(:zaphod)], found_customers.sort_by(&:id)
+    assert_equal Customer.where(balance: [david_balance.amount, zaphod_balance.amount]).to_sql, found_customers.to_sql
+  end
+
   def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_attribute_having_same_name_as_field_and_key_value_being_aggregate
     gps_location = customers(:david).gps_location
     assert_kind_of GpsLocation, gps_location
-    found_customer = Customer.where(:gps_location => gps_location).first
+    found_customer = Customer.where(gps_location: gps_location).first
     assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
   end
 
   def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_one_mapping_and_key_value_being_attribute_value
     balance = customers(:david).balance
     assert_kind_of Money, balance
-    found_customer = Customer.where(:balance => balance.amount).first
+    found_customer = Customer.where(balance: balance.amount).first
     assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
   end
 
   def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_attribute_having_same_name_as_field_and_key_value_being_attribute_value
     gps_location = customers(:david).gps_location
     assert_kind_of GpsLocation, gps_location
-    found_customer = Customer.where(:gps_location => gps_location.gps_location).first
+    found_customer = Customer.where(gps_location: gps_location.gps_location).first
     assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
   end
 
   def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings
     address = customers(:david).address
     assert_kind_of Address, address
-    found_customer = Customer.where(:address => address).first
-    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
+    customers = Customer.where(address: address).order(:id)
+    assert_equal [customers(:david)], customers
+    assert_equal customers(:david, :mary), customers.unscope(where: [:address_city, :address_country])
   end
 
   def test_hash_condition_find_with_one_condition_being_aggregate_and_another_not
     address = customers(:david).address
     assert_kind_of Address, address
-    found_customer = Customer.where(:address => address, :name => customers(:david).name).first
+    found_customer = Customer.where(address: address, name: customers(:david).name).first
     assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
   end
 
+  def test_hash_condition_find_nil_with_aggregate_having_one_mapping
+    assert_nil customers(:zaphod).gps_location
+    found_customer = Customer.where(gps_location: nil, name: customers(:zaphod).name).first
+    assert_equal customers(:zaphod), found_customer
+  end
+
+  def test_hash_condition_find_nil_with_aggregate_having_multiple_mappings
+    customers(:david).update(address: nil)
+    assert_nil customers(:david).address_street
+    assert_nil customers(:david).address_city
+    found_customer = Customer.where(address: nil, name: customers(:david).name).first
+    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
+  end
+
+  def test_hash_condition_find_empty_array_with_aggregate_having_multiple_mappings
+    assert_nil Customer.where(address: []).first
+  end
+
   def test_condition_utc_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_local
-    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
+    with_env_tz "America/New_York" do
       with_timezone_config default: :local do
         topic = Topic.first
-        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(['written_on = ?', topic.written_on.getutc]).first
+        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(["written_on = ?", topic.written_on.getutc]).first
       end
     end
   end
 
   def test_hash_condition_utc_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_local
-    puts "finder_test.test_hash_condition_utc_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_local"
-    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
+    with_env_tz "America/New_York" do
       with_timezone_config default: :local do
         topic = Topic.first
         assert_equal topic, Topic.where(written_on: topic.written_on.getutc).first
@@ -866,18 +1229,16 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_condition_local_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_utc
-    puts "finder_test.test_condition_local_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_utc"
-    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
+    with_env_tz "America/New_York" do
       with_timezone_config default: :utc do
         topic = Topic.first
-        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(['written_on = ?', topic.written_on.getlocal]).first
+        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(["written_on = ?", topic.written_on.getlocal]).first
       end
     end
   end
 
   def test_hash_condition_local_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_utc
-    puts "finder_test.test_hash_condition_local_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_utc"
-    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
+    with_env_tz "America/New_York" do
       with_timezone_config default: :utc do
         topic = Topic.first
         assert_equal topic, Topic.where(written_on: topic.written_on.getlocal).first
@@ -894,35 +1255,27 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
       Company.where(["id=? AND name = ?", 2]).first
     }
     assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) {
-     Company.where(["id=?", 2, 3, 4]).first
+      Company.where(["id=?", 2, 3, 4]).first
     }
   end
 
   def test_bind_variables_with_quotes
-    puts "finder_test.test_bind_variables_with_quotes"
-    Company.create("name" => "37signals' go'es agains")
-    assert Company.where(["name = ?", "37signals' go'es agains"]).first
+    Company.create("name" => "37signals' go'es against")
+    assert Company.where(["name = ?", "37signals' go'es against"]).first
   end
 
   def test_named_bind_variables_with_quotes
-    puts "finder_test.test_named_bind_variables_with_quotes"
-    Company.create("name" => "37signals' go'es agains")
-    assert Company.where(["name = :name", {name: "37signals' go'es agains"}]).first
+    Company.create("name" => "37signals' go'es against")
+    assert Company.where(["name = :name", { name: "37signals' go'es against" }]).first
   end
 
   def test_named_bind_variables
-    puts "finder_test.test_named_bind_variables"
     assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where(["name = :name", { name: "37signals" }]).first
     assert_nil Company.where(["name = :name", { name: "37signals!" }]).first
     assert_nil Company.where(["name = :name", { name: "37signals!' OR 1=1" }]).first
     assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(["id = :id", { id: 1 }]).first.written_on
   end
 
-  def test_string_sanitation
-    assert_not_equal "'something ' 1=1'", ActiveRecord::Base.sanitize("something ' 1=1")
-    assert_equal "'something; select table'", ActiveRecord::Base.sanitize("something; select table")
-  end
-
   def test_count_by_sql
     assert_equal(0, Entrant.count_by_sql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entrants WHERE id > 3"))
     assert_equal(1, Entrant.count_by_sql(["SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entrants WHERE id > ?", 2]))
@@ -942,8 +1295,7 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_find_by_on_attribute_that_is_a_reserved_word
-    puts "finder_test.test_find_by_on_attribute_that_is_a_reserved_word"
-    dog_alias = 'Dog'
+    dog_alias = "Dog"
     dog = Dog.create(alias: dog_alias)
 
     assert_equal dog, Dog.find_by_alias(dog_alias)
@@ -955,13 +1307,12 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_find_by_one_attribute_bang_with_blank_defined
-    puts "finder_test.test_find_by_one_attribute_bang_with_blank_defined"
     blank_topic = BlankTopic.create(title: "The Blank One")
     assert_equal blank_topic, BlankTopic.find_by_title!("The Blank One")
   end
 
   def test_find_by_one_attribute_with_conditions
-    assert_equal accounts(:rails_core_account), Account.where('firm_id = ?', 6).find_by_credit_limit(50)
+    assert_equal accounts(:rails_core_account), Account.where("firm_id = ?", 6).find_by_credit_limit(50)
   end
 
   def test_find_by_one_attribute_that_is_an_aggregate
@@ -1000,13 +1351,13 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
 
   def test_dynamic_finder_on_one_attribute_with_conditions_returns_same_results_after_caching
     # ensure this test can run independently of order
-    class << Account; self; end.send(:remove_method, :find_by_credit_limit) if Account.public_methods.include?(:find_by_credit_limit)
-    a = Account.where('firm_id = ?', 6).find_by_credit_limit(50)
-    assert_equal a, Account.where('firm_id = ?', 6).find_by_credit_limit(50) # find_by_credit_limit has been cached
+    Account.singleton_class.remove_method :find_by_credit_limit if Account.public_methods.include?(:find_by_credit_limit)
+    a = Account.where("firm_id = ?", 6).find_by_credit_limit(50)
+    assert_equal a, Account.where("firm_id = ?", 6).find_by_credit_limit(50) # find_by_credit_limit has been cached
   end
 
   def test_find_by_one_attribute_with_several_options
-    assert_equal accounts(:unknown), Account.order('id DESC').where('id != ?', 3).find_by_credit_limit(50)
+    assert_equal accounts(:unknown), Account.order("id DESC").where("id != ?", 3).find_by_credit_limit(50)
   end
 
   def test_find_by_one_missing_attribute
@@ -1029,16 +1380,6 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic") }
   end
 
-  def test_find_last_with_offset
-    puts "finder_test.test_find_last_with_offset"
-    devs = Developer.order('id')
-
-    assert_equal devs[2], Developer.offset(2).first
-    assert_equal devs[-3], Developer.offset(2).last
-    assert_equal devs[-3], Developer.offset(2).last
-    assert_equal devs[-3], Developer.offset(2).order('id DESC').first
-  end
-
   def test_find_by_nil_attribute
     topic = Topic.find_by_last_read nil
     assert_not_nil topic
@@ -1054,20 +1395,10 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) { Topic.find_by_sql "select 1 from badtable" }
   end
 
-  def test_find_all_with_join
-    developers_on_project_one = Developer.
-      joins('LEFT JOIN developers_projects ON developers.id = developers_projects.developer_id').
-      where('project_id=1').to_a
-    assert_equal 3, developers_on_project_one.length
-    developer_names = developers_on_project_one.map(&:name)
-    assert developer_names.include?('David')
-    assert developer_names.include?('Jamis')
-  end
-
   def test_joins_dont_clobber_id
     first = Firm.
-      joins('INNER JOIN companies clients ON clients.firm_id = companies.id').
-      where('companies.id = 1').first
+      joins("INNER JOIN companies clients ON clients.firm_id = companies.id").
+      where("companies.id = 1").first
     assert_equal 1, first.id
   end
 
@@ -1081,13 +1412,12 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
 
   def test_find_by_id_with_conditions_with_or
     assert_nothing_raised do
-      Post.where("posts.id <= 3 OR posts.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post'").find([1,2,3])
+      Post.where("posts.id <= 3 OR posts.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post'").find([1, 2, 3])
     end
   end
 
   def test_find_ignores_previously_inserted_record
-    puts "finder_test.test_find_ignores_previously_inserted_record"
-    Post.create!(:title => 'test', :body => 'it out')
+    Post.create!(title: "test", body: "it out")
     assert_equal [], Post.where(id: nil)
   end
 
@@ -1096,14 +1426,13 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_find_by_empty_in_condition
-    assert_equal [], Post.where('id in (?)', [])
+    assert_equal [], Post.where("id in (?)", [])
   end
 
   def test_find_by_records
-    puts "finder_test.test_find_by_records"
-    p1, p2 = Post.limit(2).order('id asc').to_a
-    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(['id in (?)', [p1, p2]]).order('id asc')
-    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(['id in (?)', [p1, p2.id]]).order('id asc')
+    p1, p2 = Post.limit(2).order("id asc").to_a
+    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(["id in (?)", [p1, p2]]).order("id asc")
+    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(["id in (?)", [p1, p2.id]]).order("id asc")
   end
 
   def test_select_value
@@ -1115,8 +1444,8 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_select_values
-    assert_equal ["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9", "10", "11"], Company.connection.select_values("SELECT id FROM companies ORDER BY id").map!(&:to_s)
-    assert_equal ["37signals","Summit","Microsoft", "Flamboyant Software", "Ex Nihilo", "RailsCore", "Leetsoft", "Jadedpixel", "Odegy", "Ex Nihilo Part Deux", "Apex"], Company.connection.select_values("SELECT name FROM companies ORDER BY id")
+    assert_equal ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "15"], Company.connection.select_values("SELECT id FROM companies ORDER BY id").map!(&:to_s)
+    assert_equal ["37signals", "Summit", "Microsoft", "Flamboyant Software", "Ex Nihilo", "RailsCore", "Leetsoft", "Jadedpixel", "Odegy", "Ex Nihilo Part Deux", "Apex", "RVshare"], Company.connection.select_values("SELECT name FROM companies ORDER BY id")
   end
 
   def test_select_rows
@@ -1124,50 +1453,72 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
       [["1", "1", nil, "37signals"],
        ["2", "1", "2", "Summit"],
        ["3", "1", "1", "Microsoft"]],
-      Company.connection.select_rows("SELECT id, firm_id, client_of, name FROM companies WHERE id IN (1,2,3) ORDER BY id").map! {|i| i.map! {|j| j.to_s unless j.nil?}})
+      Company.connection.select_rows("SELECT id, firm_id, client_of, name FROM companies WHERE id IN (1,2,3) ORDER BY id").map! { |i| i.map! { |j| j.to_s unless j.nil? } })
     assert_equal [["1", "37signals"], ["2", "Summit"], ["3", "Microsoft"]],
-      Company.connection.select_rows("SELECT id, name FROM companies WHERE id IN (1,2,3) ORDER BY id").map! {|i| i.map! {|j| j.to_s unless j.nil?}}
+      Company.connection.select_rows("SELECT id, name FROM companies WHERE id IN (1,2,3) ORDER BY id").map! { |i| i.map! { |j| j.to_s unless j.nil? } }
   end
 
   def test_find_with_order_on_included_associations_with_construct_finder_sql_for_association_limiting_and_is_distinct
-    puts "finder_test.test_find_with_order_on_included_associations_with_construct_finder_sql_for_association_limiting_and_is_distinct"
     assert_equal 2, Post.includes(authors: :author_address).
       where.not(author_addresses: { id: nil }).
-      order('author_addresses.id DESC').limit(2).to_a.size
+      order("author_addresses.id DESC").limit(2).to_a.size
 
     assert_equal 3, Post.includes(author: :author_address, authors: :author_address).
       where.not(author_addresses_authors: { id: nil }).
-      order('author_addresses_authors.id DESC').limit(3).to_a.size
+      order("author_addresses_authors.id DESC").limit(3).to_a.size
+  end
+
+  def test_find_with_eager_loading_collection_and_ordering_by_collection_primary_key
+    assert_equal Post.first, Post.eager_load(comments: :ratings).
+      order("posts.id, ratings.id, comments.id").first
   end
 
   def test_find_with_nil_inside_set_passed_for_one_attribute
     client_of = Company.
       where(client_of: [2, 1, nil],
-            name: ['37signals', 'Summit', 'Microsoft']).
-      order('client_of DESC').
+            name: ["37signals", "Summit", "Microsoft"]).
+      order("client_of DESC").
       map(&:client_of)
 
-    assert client_of.include?(nil)
+    assert_includes client_of, nil
     assert_equal [2, 1].sort, client_of.compact.sort
   end
 
   def test_find_with_nil_inside_set_passed_for_attribute
     client_of = Company.
       where(client_of: [nil]).
-      order('client_of DESC').
+      order("client_of DESC").
       map(&:client_of)
 
     assert_equal [], client_of.compact
   end
 
   def test_with_limiting_with_custom_select
-    puts "finder_test.test_with_limiting_with_custom_select"
     posts = Post.references(:authors).merge(
-      :includes => :author, :select => 'posts.*, authors.id as "author_id"',
-      :limit => 3, :order => 'posts.id'
+      includes: :author, select: 'posts.*, authors.id as "author_id"',
+      limit: 3, order: "posts.id"
     ).to_a
     assert_equal 3, posts.size
-    assert_equal [0, 1, 1], posts.map(&:author_id).sort
+    assert_equal [1, 1, nil], posts.map(&:author_id)
+  end
+
+  def test_custom_select_takes_precedence_over_original_value
+    posts = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title")
+    assert_equal "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG", posts.first.title
+    assert_equal "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG", posts.preload(:comments).first.title
+    assert_equal "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG", posts.eager_load(:comments).first.title
+  end
+
+  def test_eager_load_for_no_has_many_with_limit_and_joins_for_has_many
+    relation = Post.eager_load(:author).joins(comments: :post)
+    assert_equal 5, relation.to_a.size
+    assert_equal 5, relation.limit(5).to_a.size
+  end
+
+  def test_eager_load_for_no_has_many_with_limit_and_left_joins_for_has_many
+    relation = Post.eager_load(:author).left_joins(comments: :post)
+    assert_equal 11, relation.to_a.size
+    assert_equal 11, relation.limit(11).to_a.size
   end
 
   def test_find_one_message_on_primary_key
@@ -1184,9 +1535,9 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     table_with_custom_primary_key do |model|
       model.primary_key = :name
       e = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
-        model.find 'Hello World!'
+        model.find "Hello World!"
       end
-      assert_equal %Q{Couldn't find MercedesCar with 'name'=Hello World!}, e.message
+      assert_equal "Couldn't find MercedesCar with 'name'=Hello World!", e.message
     end
   end
 
@@ -1194,9 +1545,9 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     table_with_custom_primary_key do |model|
       model.primary_key = :name
       e = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
-        model.find 'Hello', 'World!'
+        model.find "Hello", "World!"
       end
-      assert_equal %Q{Couldn't find all MercedesCars with 'name': (Hello, World!) (found 0 results, but was looking for 2)}, e.message
+      assert_equal "Couldn't find all MercedesCars with 'name': (Hello, World!) (found 0 results, but was looking for 2).", e.message
     end
   end
 
@@ -1219,16 +1570,20 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   test "find_by with multi-arg conditions returns the first matching record" do
-    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by('id = ?', posts(:eager_other).id)
+    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by("id = ?", posts(:eager_other).id)
+  end
+
+  test "find_by with range conditions returns the first matching record" do
+    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by(id: posts(:eager_other).id...posts(:misc_by_bob).id)
   end
 
   test "find_by returns nil if the record is missing" do
-    assert_equal nil, Post.find_by("1 = 0")
+    assert_nil Post.find_by("1 = 0")
   end
 
   test "find_by with associations" do
     assert_equal authors(:david), Post.find_by(author: authors(:david)).author
-    assert_equal authors(:mary) , Post.find_by(author: authors(:mary) ).author
+    assert_equal authors(:mary), Post.find_by(author: authors(:mary)).author
   end
 
   test "find_by doesn't have implicit ordering" do
@@ -1244,7 +1599,7 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   test "find_by! with multi-arg conditions returns the first matching record" do
-    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by!('id = ?', posts(:eager_other).id)
+    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by!("id = ?", posts(:eager_other).id)
   end
 
   test "find_by! doesn't have implicit ordering" do
@@ -1277,11 +1632,39 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     assert_equal tyre2, zyke.tyres.custom_find_by(id: tyre2.id)
   end
 
-  protected
+  test "#skip_query_cache! for #exists?" do
+    Topic.cache do
+      assert_queries(1) do
+        Topic.exists?
+        Topic.exists?
+      end
+
+      assert_queries(2) do
+        Topic.all.skip_query_cache!.exists?
+        Topic.all.skip_query_cache!.exists?
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "#skip_query_cache! for #exists? with a limited eager load" do
+    Topic.cache do
+      assert_queries(1) do
+        Topic.eager_load(:replies).limit(1).exists?
+        Topic.eager_load(:replies).limit(1).exists?
+      end
+
+      assert_queries(2) do
+        Topic.eager_load(:replies).limit(1).skip_query_cache!.exists?
+        Topic.eager_load(:replies).limit(1).skip_query_cache!.exists?
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
     def table_with_custom_primary_key
       yield(Class.new(Toy) do
         def self.name
-          'MercedesCar'
+          "MercedesCar"
         end
       end)
     end
@@ -1290,5 +1673,4 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
       err = assert_raises(exception_class) { block.call }
       assert_match message, err.message
     end
-
 end