ibm_db 3.0.4-x86-mingw32 → 3.0.5-x86-mingw32

data/test/cases/base_test.rb

@@ -1,1638 +1,1664 @@
-# encoding: utf-8
-
-require "cases/helper"
-require 'active_support/concurrency/latch'
-require 'models/post'
-require 'models/author'
-require 'models/topic'
-require 'models/reply'
-require 'models/category'
-require 'models/company'
-require 'models/customer'
-require 'models/developer'
-require 'models/computer'
-require 'models/project'
-require 'models/default'
-require 'models/auto_id'
-require 'models/boolean'
-require 'models/column_name'
-require 'models/subscriber'
-require 'models/keyboard'
-require 'models/comment'
-require 'models/minimalistic'
-require 'models/warehouse_thing'
-require 'models/parrot'
-require 'models/person'
-require 'models/edge'
-require 'models/joke'
-require 'models/bird'
-require 'models/car'
-require 'models/bulb'
-require 'rexml/document'
-
-class FirstAbstractClass < ActiveRecord::Base
-  self.abstract_class = true
-end
-class SecondAbstractClass < FirstAbstractClass
-  self.abstract_class = true
-end
-class Photo < SecondAbstractClass; end
-class Category < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-class Categorization < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-class Smarts < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-class CreditCard < ActiveRecord::Base
-  class PinNumber < ActiveRecord::Base
-    class CvvCode < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-    class SubCvvCode < CvvCode; end
-  end
-  class SubPinNumber < PinNumber; end
-  class Brand < Category; end
-end
-class MasterCreditCard < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-class Post < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-class Computer < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-class NonExistentTable < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-class TestOracleDefault < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-
-class ReadonlyTitlePost < Post
-  attr_readonly :title
-end
-
-class Weird < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-
-class Boolean < ActiveRecord::Base
-  def has_fun
-    super
-  end
-end
-
-class LintTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-  include ActiveModel::Lint::Tests
-
-  class LintModel < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-
-  def setup
-    @model = LintModel.new
-  end
-end
-
-class BasicsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
-  fixtures :topics, :companies, :developers, :projects, :computers, :accounts, :minimalistics, 'warehouse_things', :authors, :categorizations, :categories, :posts, :author_addresses
-
-  def test_column_names_are_escaped
-    conn      = ActiveRecord::Base.connection
-    classname = conn.class.name[/[^:]*$/]
-    badchar   = {
-      'SQLite3Adapter'    => '"',
-      'MysqlAdapter'      => '`',
-      'Mysql2Adapter'     => '`',
-      'PostgreSQLAdapter' => '"',
-      'OracleAdapter'     => '"',
-      'IBM_DBAdapter'     => '"',
-    }.fetch(classname) {
-      raise "need a bad char for #{classname}"
-    }
-
-    quoted = conn.quote_column_name "foo#{badchar}bar"
-    if current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
-      # Oracle does not allow double quotes in table and column names at all
-      # therefore quoting removes them
-      assert_equal("#{badchar}foobar#{badchar}", quoted)
-	elsif current_adapter?(:IBM_DBAdapter)
-      assert_equal("foo#{badchar}bar", quoted)
-    else
-      assert_equal("#{badchar}foo#{badchar * 2}bar#{badchar}", quoted)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_columns_should_obey_set_primary_key
-    pk = Subscriber.columns_hash[Subscriber.primary_key]
-    assert_equal 'nick', pk.name, 'nick should be primary key'
-  end
-
-  def test_primary_key_with_no_id
-    assert_nil Edge.primary_key
-  end
-
-  unless current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter, :OracleAdapter, :SQLServerAdapter, :IBM_DBAdapter)
-    def test_limit_with_comma
-      assert Topic.limit("1,2").to_a
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_limit_without_comma
-    assert_equal 1, Topic.limit("1").to_a.length
-    assert_equal 1, Topic.limit(1).to_a.length
-  end
-
-  def test_limit_should_take_value_from_latest_limit
-    assert_equal 1, Topic.limit(2).limit(1).to_a.length
-  end
-
-  def test_invalid_limit
-    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
-      Topic.limit("asdfadf").to_a
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_limit_should_sanitize_sql_injection_for_limit_without_commas
-    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
-      Topic.limit("1 select * from schema").to_a
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_limit_should_sanitize_sql_injection_for_limit_with_commas
-    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
-      Topic.limit("1, 7 procedure help()").to_a
-    end
-  end
-
-  unless current_adapter?(:MysqlAdapter, :Mysql2Adapter, :IBM_DBAdapter)
-    def test_limit_should_allow_sql_literal
-      assert_equal 1, Topic.limit(Arel.sql('2-1')).to_a.length
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_select_symbol
-    topic_ids = Topic.select(:id).map(&:id).sort
-    assert_equal Topic.pluck(:id).sort, topic_ids
-  end
-
-  def test_table_exists
-    assert !NonExistentTable.table_exists?
-    assert Topic.table_exists?
-  end
-
-  def test_preserving_date_objects
-    # Oracle enhanced adapter allows to define Date attributes in model class (see topic.rb)
-    assert_kind_of(
-      Date, Topic.find(1).last_read,
-      "The last_read attribute should be of the Date class"
-    )
-  end
-
-  def test_previously_changed
-    topic = Topic.first
-    topic.title = '<3<3<3'
-    assert_equal({}, topic.previous_changes)
-
-    topic.save!
-    expected = ["The First Topic", "<3<3<3"]
-    assert_equal(expected, topic.previous_changes['title'])
-  end
-
-  def test_previously_changed_dup
-    topic = Topic.first
-    topic.title = '<3<3<3'
-    topic.save!
-
-    t2 = topic.dup
-
-    assert_equal(topic.previous_changes, t2.previous_changes)
-
-    topic.title = "lolwut"
-    topic.save!
-
-    assert_not_equal(topic.previous_changes, t2.previous_changes)
-  end
-
-  def test_preserving_time_objects
-    assert_kind_of(
-      Time, Topic.find(1).bonus_time,
-      "The bonus_time attribute should be of the Time class"
-    )
-
-    assert_kind_of(
-      Time, Topic.find(1).written_on,
-      "The written_on attribute should be of the Time class"
-    )
-
-    # For adapters which support microsecond resolution.
-    if current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter, :SQLite3Adapter) || mysql_56?
-      assert_equal 11, Topic.find(1).written_on.sec
-      assert_equal 223300, Topic.find(1).written_on.usec
-      assert_equal 9900, Topic.find(2).written_on.usec
-      assert_equal 129346, Topic.find(3).written_on.usec
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_preserving_time_objects_with_local_time_conversion_to_default_timezone_utc
-    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
-      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
-        time = Time.local(2000)
-        topic = Topic.create('written_on' => time)
-        saved_time = Topic.find(topic.id).reload.written_on
-        assert_equal time, saved_time
-        assert_equal [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "EST"], time.to_a
-        assert_equal [0, 0, 5, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "UTC"], saved_time.to_a
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_preserving_time_objects_with_time_with_zone_conversion_to_default_timezone_utc
-    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
-      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
-        Time.use_zone 'Central Time (US & Canada)' do
-          time = Time.zone.local(2000)
-          topic = Topic.create('written_on' => time)
-          saved_time = Topic.find(topic.id).reload.written_on
-          assert_equal time, saved_time
-          assert_equal [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "CST"], time.to_a
-          assert_equal [0, 0, 6, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "UTC"], saved_time.to_a
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_preserving_time_objects_with_utc_time_conversion_to_default_timezone_local
-    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
-      with_timezone_config default: :local do
-        time = Time.utc(2000)
-        topic = Topic.create('written_on' => time)
-        saved_time = Topic.find(topic.id).reload.written_on
-        assert_equal time, saved_time
-        assert_equal [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "UTC"], time.to_a
-        assert_equal [0, 0, 19, 31, 12, 1999, 5, 365, false, "EST"], saved_time.to_a
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_preserving_time_objects_with_time_with_zone_conversion_to_default_timezone_local
-    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
-      with_timezone_config default: :local do
-        Time.use_zone 'Central Time (US & Canada)' do
-          time = Time.zone.local(2000)
-          topic = Topic.create('written_on' => time)
-          saved_time = Topic.find(topic.id).reload.written_on
-          assert_equal time, saved_time
-          assert_equal [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "CST"], time.to_a
-          assert_equal [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "EST"], saved_time.to_a
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_custom_mutator
-    topic = Topic.find(1)
-    # This mutator is protected in the class definition
-    topic.send(:approved=, true)
-    assert topic.instance_variable_get("@custom_approved")
-  end
-
-  def test_initialize_with_attributes
-    topic = Topic.new({
-      "title" => "initialized from attributes", "written_on" => "2003-12-12 23:23"
-    })
-
-    assert_equal("initialized from attributes", topic.title)
-  end
-
-  def test_initialize_with_invalid_attribute
-    Topic.new({ "title" => "test",
-      "last_read(1i)" => "2005", "last_read(2i)" => "2", "last_read(3i)" => "31"})
-  rescue ActiveRecord::MultiparameterAssignmentErrors => ex
-    assert_equal(1, ex.errors.size)
-    assert_equal("last_read", ex.errors[0].attribute)
-  end
-
-  def test_create_after_initialize_without_block
-    cb = CustomBulb.create(:name => 'Dude')
-    assert_equal('Dude', cb.name)
-    assert_equal(true, cb.frickinawesome)
-  end
-
-  def test_create_after_initialize_with_block
-    cb = CustomBulb.create {|c| c.name = 'Dude' }
-    assert_equal('Dude', cb.name)
-    assert_equal(true, cb.frickinawesome)
-  end
-
-  def test_create_after_initialize_with_array_param
-    cbs = CustomBulb.create([{ name: 'Dude' }, { name: 'Bob' }])
-    assert_equal 'Dude', cbs[0].name
-    assert_equal 'Bob', cbs[1].name
-    assert cbs[0].frickinawesome
-    assert !cbs[1].frickinawesome
-  end
-
-  def test_load
-    topics = Topic.all.merge!(:order => 'id').to_a
-    assert_equal(5, topics.size)
-    assert_equal(topics(:first).title, topics.first.title)
-  end
-
-  def test_load_with_condition
-    topics = Topic.all.merge!(:where => "author_name = 'Mary'").to_a
-
-    assert_equal(1, topics.size)
-    assert_equal(topics(:second).title, topics.first.title)
-  end
-
-  GUESSED_CLASSES = [Category, Smarts, CreditCard, CreditCard::PinNumber, CreditCard::PinNumber::CvvCode, CreditCard::SubPinNumber, CreditCard::Brand, MasterCreditCard]
-
-  def test_table_name_guesses
-    assert_equal "topics", Topic.table_name
-
-    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
-    assert_equal "smarts", Smarts.table_name
-    assert_equal "credit_cards", CreditCard.table_name
-    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_numbers", CreditCard::PinNumber.table_name
-    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_number_cvv_codes", CreditCard::PinNumber::CvvCode.table_name
-    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_numbers", CreditCard::SubPinNumber.table_name
-    assert_equal "categories", CreditCard::Brand.table_name
-    assert_equal "master_credit_cards", MasterCreditCard.table_name
-  ensure
-    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
-  end
-
-  def test_singular_table_name_guesses
-    ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = false
-    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
-
-    assert_equal "category", Category.table_name
-    assert_equal "smarts", Smarts.table_name
-    assert_equal "credit_card", CreditCard.table_name
-    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_number", CreditCard::PinNumber.table_name
-    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_number_cvv_code", CreditCard::PinNumber::CvvCode.table_name
-    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_number", CreditCard::SubPinNumber.table_name
-    assert_equal "category", CreditCard::Brand.table_name
-    assert_equal "master_credit_card", MasterCreditCard.table_name
-  ensure
-    ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = true
-    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
-  end
-
-  def test_table_name_guesses_with_prefixes_and_suffixes
-    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = "test_"
-    Category.reset_table_name
-    assert_equal "test_categories", Category.table_name
-    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = "_test"
-    Category.reset_table_name
-    assert_equal "test_categories_test", Category.table_name
-    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = ""
-    Category.reset_table_name
-    assert_equal "categories_test", Category.table_name
-    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = ""
-    Category.reset_table_name
-    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
-  ensure
-    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = ""
-    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = ""
-    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
-  end
-
-  def test_singular_table_name_guesses_with_prefixes_and_suffixes
-    ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = false
-
-    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = "test_"
-    Category.reset_table_name
-    assert_equal "test_category", Category.table_name
-    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = "_test"
-    Category.reset_table_name
-    assert_equal "test_category_test", Category.table_name
-    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = ""
-    Category.reset_table_name
-    assert_equal "category_test", Category.table_name
-    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = ""
-    Category.reset_table_name
-    assert_equal "category", Category.table_name
-  ensure
-    ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = true
-    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = ""
-    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = ""
-    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
-  end
-
-  def test_table_name_guesses_with_inherited_prefixes_and_suffixes
-    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
-
-    CreditCard.table_name_prefix = "test_"
-    CreditCard.reset_table_name
-    Category.reset_table_name
-    assert_equal "test_credit_cards", CreditCard.table_name
-    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
-    CreditCard.table_name_suffix = "_test"
-    CreditCard.reset_table_name
-    Category.reset_table_name
-    assert_equal "test_credit_cards_test", CreditCard.table_name
-    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
-    CreditCard.table_name_prefix = ""
-    CreditCard.reset_table_name
-    Category.reset_table_name
-    assert_equal "credit_cards_test", CreditCard.table_name
-    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
-    CreditCard.table_name_suffix = ""
-    CreditCard.reset_table_name
-    Category.reset_table_name
-    assert_equal "credit_cards", CreditCard.table_name
-    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
-  ensure
-    CreditCard.table_name_prefix = ""
-    CreditCard.table_name_suffix = ""
-    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
-  end
-
-  def test_singular_table_name_guesses_for_individual_table
-    Post.pluralize_table_names = false
-    Post.reset_table_name
-    assert_equal "post", Post.table_name
-    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
-  ensure
-    Post.pluralize_table_names = true
-    Post.reset_table_name
-  end
-
-  if current_adapter?(:MysqlAdapter, :Mysql2Adapter)
-    def test_update_all_with_order_and_limit
-      assert_equal 1, Topic.limit(1).order('id DESC').update_all(:content => 'bulk updated!')
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_null_fields
-    assert_nil Topic.find(1).parent_id
-    assert_nil Topic.create("title" => "Hey you").parent_id
-  end
-
-  def test_default_values
-    topic = Topic.new
-    assert topic.approved?
-    assert_nil topic.written_on
-    assert_nil topic.bonus_time
-    assert_nil topic.last_read
-
-    topic.save
-
-    topic = Topic.find(topic.id)
-    assert topic.approved?
-    assert_nil topic.last_read
-
-    # Oracle has some funky default handling, so it requires a bit of
-    # extra testing. See ticket #2788.
-    if current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
-      test = TestOracleDefault.new
-      assert_equal "X", test.test_char
-      assert_equal "hello", test.test_string
-      assert_equal 3, test.test_int
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Oracle does not have a TIME datatype.
-  unless current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
-    def test_utc_as_time_zone
-      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
-        attributes = { "bonus_time" => "5:42:00AM" }
-        topic = Topic.find(1)
-        topic.attributes = attributes
-        assert_equal Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 5, 42, 0), topic.bonus_time
-      end
-    end
-
-    def test_utc_as_time_zone_and_new
-      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
-        attributes = { "bonus_time(1i)"=>"2000",
-          "bonus_time(2i)"=>"1",
-          "bonus_time(3i)"=>"1",
-          "bonus_time(4i)"=>"10",
-          "bonus_time(5i)"=>"35",
-          "bonus_time(6i)"=>"50" }
-        topic = Topic.new(attributes)
-        assert_equal Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 10, 35, 50), topic.bonus_time
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_default_values_on_empty_strings
-    topic = Topic.new
-    topic.approved  = nil
-    topic.last_read = nil
-
-    topic.save
-
-    topic = Topic.find(topic.id)
-    assert_nil topic.last_read
-
-    assert_nil topic.approved
-  end
-
-  def test_equality
-    assert_equal Topic.find(1), Topic.find(2).topic
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_slug
-    assert_equal Topic.find('1-meowmeow'), Topic.find(1)
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_slug_with_array
-    assert_equal Topic.find(['1-meowmeow', '2-hello']), Topic.find([1, 2])
-  end
-
-  def test_find_by_slug_with_range
-    assert_equal Topic.where(id: '1-meowmeow'..'2-hello'), Topic.where(id: 1..2)
-  end
-
-  def test_equality_of_new_records
-    assert_not_equal Topic.new, Topic.new
-    assert_equal false, Topic.new == Topic.new
-  end
-
-  def test_equality_of_destroyed_records
-    topic_1 = Topic.new(:title => 'test_1')
-    topic_1.save
-    topic_2 = Topic.find(topic_1.id)
-    topic_1.destroy
-    assert_equal topic_1, topic_2
-    assert_equal topic_2, topic_1
-  end
-
-  def test_equality_with_blank_ids
-    one = Subscriber.new(:id => '')
-    two = Subscriber.new(:id => '')
-    assert_equal one, two
-  end
-
-  def test_equality_of_relation_and_collection_proxy
-    car = Car.create!
-    car.bulbs.build
-    car.save
-
-    assert car.bulbs == Bulb.where(car_id: car.id), 'CollectionProxy should be comparable with Relation'
-    assert Bulb.where(car_id: car.id) == car.bulbs, 'Relation should be comparable with CollectionProxy'
-  end
-
-  def test_equality_of_relation_and_array
-    car = Car.create!
-    car.bulbs.build
-    car.save
-
-    assert Bulb.where(car_id: car.id) == car.bulbs.to_a, 'Relation should be comparable with Array'
-  end
-
-  def test_equality_of_relation_and_association_relation
-    car = Car.create!
-    car.bulbs.build
-    car.save
-
-    assert_equal Bulb.where(car_id: car.id), car.bulbs.includes(:car), 'Relation should be comparable with AssociationRelation'
-    assert_equal car.bulbs.includes(:car), Bulb.where(car_id: car.id), 'AssociationRelation should be comparable with Relation'
-  end
-
-  def test_equality_of_collection_proxy_and_association_relation
-    car = Car.create!
-    car.bulbs.build
-    car.save
-
-    assert_equal car.bulbs, car.bulbs.includes(:car), 'CollectionProxy should be comparable with AssociationRelation'
-    assert_equal car.bulbs.includes(:car), car.bulbs, 'AssociationRelation should be comparable with CollectionProxy'
-  end
-
-  def test_hashing
-    assert_equal [ Topic.find(1) ], [ Topic.find(2).topic ] & [ Topic.find(1) ]
-  end
-
-  def test_successful_comparison_of_like_class_records
-    topic_1 = Topic.create!
-    topic_2 = Topic.create!
-
-    assert_equal [topic_2, topic_1].sort, [topic_1, topic_2]
-  end
-
-  def test_failed_comparison_of_unlike_class_records
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      [ topics(:first), posts(:welcome) ].sort
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_create_without_prepared_statement
-    topic = Topic.connection.unprepared_statement do
-      Topic.create(:title => 'foo')
-    end
-
-    assert_equal topic, Topic.find(topic.id)
-  end
-
-  def test_destroy_without_prepared_statement
-    topic = Topic.create(title: 'foo')
-    Topic.connection.unprepared_statement do
-      Topic.find(topic.id).destroy
-    end
-
-    assert_equal nil, Topic.find_by_id(topic.id)
-  end
-
-  def test_comparison_with_different_objects
-    topic = Topic.create
-    category = Category.create(:name => "comparison")
-    assert_nil topic <=> category
-  end
-
-  def test_comparison_with_different_objects_in_array
-    topic = Topic.create
-    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
-      [1, topic].sort
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_readonly_attributes
-    assert_equal Set.new([ 'title' , 'comments_count' ]), ReadonlyTitlePost.readonly_attributes
-
-    post = ReadonlyTitlePost.create(:title => "cannot change this", :body => "changeable")
-    post.reload
-    assert_equal "cannot change this", post.title
-
-    post.update(title: "try to change", body: "changed")
-    post.reload
-    assert_equal "cannot change this", post.title
-    assert_equal "changed", post.body
-  end
-
-  def test_unicode_column_name
-    Weird.reset_column_information
-    weird = Weird.create(:なまえ => 'たこ焼き仮面')
-    assert_equal 'たこ焼き仮面', weird.なまえ
-  end
-
-  unless current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter)
-    def test_respect_internal_encoding
-      old_default_internal = Encoding.default_internal
-      silence_warnings { Encoding.default_internal = "EUC-JP" }
-
-      Weird.reset_column_information
-
-      assert_equal ["EUC-JP"], Weird.columns.map {|c| c.name.encoding.name }.uniq
-    ensure
-      silence_warnings { Encoding.default_internal = old_default_internal }
-      Weird.reset_column_information
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_non_valid_identifier_column_name
-    weird = Weird.create('a$b' => 'value')
-    weird.reload
-    assert_equal 'value', weird.send('a$b')
-    assert_equal 'value', weird.read_attribute('a$b')
-
-    weird.update_columns('a$b' => 'value2')
-    weird.reload
-    assert_equal 'value2', weird.send('a$b')
-    assert_equal 'value2', weird.read_attribute('a$b')
-  end
-
-  def test_group_weirds_by_from
-    Weird.create('a$b' => 'value', :from => 'aaron')
-    count = Weird.group(Weird.arel_table[:from]).count
-    assert_equal 1, count['aaron']
-  end
-
-  def test_attributes_on_dummy_time
-    # Oracle does not have a TIME datatype.
-    return true if current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
-
-    with_timezone_config default: :local do
-      attributes = {
-        "bonus_time" => "5:42:00AM"
-      }
-      topic = Topic.find(1)
-      topic.attributes = attributes
-      assert_equal Time.local(2000, 1, 1, 5, 42, 0), topic.bonus_time
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_attributes_on_dummy_time_with_invalid_time
-    # Oracle does not have a TIME datatype.
-    return true if current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
-
-    attributes = {
-      "bonus_time" => "not a time"
-    }
-    topic = Topic.find(1)
-    topic.attributes = attributes
-    assert_nil topic.bonus_time
-  end
-
-  def test_boolean
-    b_nil = Boolean.create({ "value" => nil })
-    nil_id = b_nil.id
-    b_false = Boolean.create({ "value" => false })
-    false_id = b_false.id
-    b_true = Boolean.create({ "value" => true })
-    true_id = b_true.id
-
-    b_nil = Boolean.find(nil_id)
-    assert_nil b_nil.value
-    b_false = Boolean.find(false_id)
-    assert !b_false.value?
-    b_true = Boolean.find(true_id)
-    assert b_true.value?
-  end
-
-  def test_boolean_without_questionmark
-    b_true = Boolean.create({ "value" => true })
-    true_id = b_true.id
-
-    subclass   = Class.new(Boolean).find true_id
-    superclass = Boolean.find true_id
-
-    assert_equal superclass.read_attribute(:has_fun), subclass.read_attribute(:has_fun)
-  end
-
-  def test_boolean_cast_from_string
-    b_blank = Boolean.create({ "value" => "" })
-    blank_id = b_blank.id
-    b_false = Boolean.create({ "value" => "0" })
-    false_id = b_false.id
-    b_true = Boolean.create({ "value" => "1" })
-    true_id = b_true.id
-
-    b_blank = Boolean.find(blank_id)
-    assert_nil b_blank.value
-    b_false = Boolean.find(false_id)
-    assert !b_false.value?
-    b_true = Boolean.find(true_id)
-    assert b_true.value?
-  end
-
-  def test_new_record_returns_boolean
-    assert_equal false, Topic.new.persisted?
-    assert_equal true, Topic.find(1).persisted?
-  end
-
-  def test_dup
-    topic = Topic.find(1)
-    duped_topic = nil
-    assert_nothing_raised { duped_topic = topic.dup }
-    assert_equal topic.title, duped_topic.title
-    assert !duped_topic.persisted?
-
-    # test if the attributes have been duped
-    topic.title = "a"
-    duped_topic.title = "b"
-    assert_equal "a", topic.title
-    assert_equal "b", duped_topic.title
-
-    # test if the attribute values have been duped
-    duped_topic = topic.dup
-    duped_topic.title.replace "c"
-    assert_equal "a", topic.title
-
-    # test if attributes set as part of after_initialize are duped correctly
-    assert_equal topic.author_email_address, duped_topic.author_email_address
-
-    # test if saved clone object differs from original
-    duped_topic.save
-    assert duped_topic.persisted?
-    assert_not_equal duped_topic.id, topic.id
-
-    duped_topic.reload
-    assert_equal("c", duped_topic.title)
-  end
-
-  DeveloperSalary = Struct.new(:amount)
-  def test_dup_with_aggregate_of_same_name_as_attribute
-    developer_with_aggregate = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
-      self.table_name = 'developers'
-      composed_of :salary, :class_name => 'BasicsTest::DeveloperSalary', :mapping => [%w(salary amount)]
-    end
-
-    dev = developer_with_aggregate.find(1)
-    assert_kind_of DeveloperSalary, dev.salary
-
-    dup = nil
-    assert_nothing_raised { dup = dev.dup }
-    assert_kind_of DeveloperSalary, dup.salary
-    assert_equal dev.salary.amount, dup.salary.amount
-    assert !dup.persisted?
-
-    # test if the attributes have been dupd
-    original_amount = dup.salary.amount
-    dev.salary.amount = 1
-    assert_equal original_amount, dup.salary.amount
-
-    assert dup.save
-    assert dup.persisted?
-    assert_not_equal dup.id, dev.id
-  end
-
-  def test_dup_does_not_copy_associations
-    author = authors(:david)
-    assert_not_equal [], author.posts
-    author.send(:clear_association_cache)
-
-    author_dup = author.dup
-    assert_equal [], author_dup.posts
-  end
-
-  def test_clone_preserves_subtype
-    clone = nil
-    assert_nothing_raised { clone = Company.find(3).clone }
-    assert_kind_of Client, clone
-  end
-
-  def test_clone_of_new_object_with_defaults
-    developer = Developer.new
-    assert !developer.name_changed?
-    assert !developer.salary_changed?
-
-    cloned_developer = developer.clone
-    assert !cloned_developer.name_changed?
-    assert !cloned_developer.salary_changed?
-  end
-
-  def test_clone_of_new_object_marks_attributes_as_dirty
-    developer = Developer.new :name => 'Bjorn', :salary => 100000
-    assert developer.name_changed?
-    assert developer.salary_changed?
-
-    cloned_developer = developer.clone
-    assert cloned_developer.name_changed?
-    assert cloned_developer.salary_changed?
-  end
-
-  def test_clone_of_new_object_marks_as_dirty_only_changed_attributes
-    developer = Developer.new :name => 'Bjorn'
-    assert developer.name_changed?            # obviously
-    assert !developer.salary_changed?         # attribute has non-nil default value, so treated as not changed
-
-    cloned_developer = developer.clone
-    assert cloned_developer.name_changed?
-    assert !cloned_developer.salary_changed?  # ... and cloned instance should behave same
-  end
-
-  def test_dup_of_saved_object_marks_attributes_as_dirty
-    developer = Developer.create! :name => 'Bjorn', :salary => 100000
-    assert !developer.name_changed?
-    assert !developer.salary_changed?
-
-    cloned_developer = developer.dup
-    assert cloned_developer.name_changed?     # both attributes differ from defaults
-    assert cloned_developer.salary_changed?
-  end
-
-  def test_dup_of_saved_object_marks_as_dirty_only_changed_attributes
-    developer = Developer.create! :name => 'Bjorn'
-    assert !developer.name_changed?           # both attributes of saved object should be treated as not changed
-    assert !developer.salary_changed?
-
-    cloned_developer = developer.dup
-    assert cloned_developer.name_changed?     # ... but on cloned object should be
-    assert !cloned_developer.salary_changed?  # ... BUT salary has non-nil default which should be treated as not changed on cloned instance
-  end
-
-  def test_bignum
-    company = Company.find(1)
-    company.rating = 2147483647
-    company.save
-    company = Company.find(1)
-    assert_equal 2147483647, company.rating
-  end
-
-  # TODO: extend defaults tests to other databases!
-  if current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter)
-    def test_default
-      with_timezone_config default: :local do
-        default = Default.new
-
-        # fixed dates / times
-        assert_equal Date.new(2004, 1, 1), default.fixed_date
-        assert_equal Time.local(2004, 1,1,0,0,0,0), default.fixed_time
-
-        # char types
-        assert_equal 'Y', default.char1
-        assert_equal 'a varchar field', default.char2
-        assert_equal 'a text field', default.char3
-      end
-    end
-
-    class Geometric < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-    def test_geometric_content
-
-      # accepted format notes:
-      # ()'s aren't required
-      # values can be a mix of float or integer
-
-      g = Geometric.new(
-        :a_point        => '(5.0, 6.1)',
-        #:a_line         => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0))' # line type is currently unsupported in postgresql
-        :a_line_segment => '(2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0)',
-        :a_box          => '2.0, 3, 5.5, 7.0',
-        :a_path         => '[(2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0), (8.5, 11.0)]',  # [ ] is an open path
-        :a_polygon      => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0), (8.5, 11.0))',
-        :a_circle       => '<(5.3, 10.4), 2>'
-      )
-
-      assert g.save
-
-      # Reload and check that we have all the geometric attributes.
-      h = Geometric.find(g.id)
-
-      assert_equal [5.0, 6.1], h.a_point
-      assert_equal '[(2,3),(5.5,7)]', h.a_line_segment
-      assert_equal '(5.5,7),(2,3)', h.a_box   # reordered to store upper right corner then bottom left corner
-      assert_equal '[(2,3),(5.5,7),(8.5,11)]', h.a_path
-      assert_equal '((2,3),(5.5,7),(8.5,11))', h.a_polygon
-      assert_equal '<(5.3,10.4),2>', h.a_circle
-
-      # use a geometric function to test for an open path
-      objs = Geometric.find_by_sql ["select isopen(a_path) from geometrics where id = ?", g.id]
-
-      assert_equal true, objs[0].isopen
-
-      # test alternate formats when defining the geometric types
-
-      g = Geometric.new(
-        :a_point        => '5.0, 6.1',
-        #:a_line         => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0))' # line type is currently unsupported in postgresql
-        :a_line_segment => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0))',
-        :a_box          => '(2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0)',
-        :a_path         => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0), (8.5, 11.0))',  # ( ) is a closed path
-        :a_polygon      => '2.0, 3, 5.5, 7.0, 8.5, 11.0',
-        :a_circle       => '((5.3, 10.4), 2)'
-      )
-
-      assert g.save
-
-      # Reload and check that we have all the geometric attributes.
-      h = Geometric.find(g.id)
-
-      assert_equal [5.0, 6.1], h.a_point
-      assert_equal '[(2,3),(5.5,7)]', h.a_line_segment
-      assert_equal '(5.5,7),(2,3)', h.a_box   # reordered to store upper right corner then bottom left corner
-      assert_equal '((2,3),(5.5,7),(8.5,11))', h.a_path
-      assert_equal '((2,3),(5.5,7),(8.5,11))', h.a_polygon
-      assert_equal '<(5.3,10.4),2>', h.a_circle
-
-      # use a geometric function to test for an closed path
-      objs = Geometric.find_by_sql ["select isclosed(a_path) from geometrics where id = ?", g.id]
-
-      assert_equal true, objs[0].isclosed
-
-      # test native ruby formats when defining the geometric types
-      g = Geometric.new(
-        :a_point        => [5.0, 6.1],
-        #:a_line         => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0))' # line type is currently unsupported in postgresql
-        :a_line_segment => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0))',
-        :a_box          => '(2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0)',
-        :a_path         => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0), (8.5, 11.0))',  # ( ) is a closed path
-        :a_polygon      => '2.0, 3, 5.5, 7.0, 8.5, 11.0',
-        :a_circle       => '((5.3, 10.4), 2)'
-      )
-
-      assert g.save
-
-      # Reload and check that we have all the geometric attributes.
-      h = Geometric.find(g.id)
-
-      assert_equal [5.0, 6.1], h.a_point
-      assert_equal '[(2,3),(5.5,7)]', h.a_line_segment
-      assert_equal '(5.5,7),(2,3)', h.a_box   # reordered to store upper right corner then bottom left corner
-      assert_equal '((2,3),(5.5,7),(8.5,11))', h.a_path
-      assert_equal '((2,3),(5.5,7),(8.5,11))', h.a_polygon
-      assert_equal '<(5.3,10.4),2>', h.a_circle
-    end
-  end
-
-  class NumericData < ActiveRecord::Base
-    self.table_name = 'numeric_data'
-
-    attribute :my_house_population, Type::Integer.new
-    attribute :atoms_in_universe, Type::Integer.new
-  end
-
-  def test_big_decimal_conditions
-    m = NumericData.new(
-      :bank_balance => 1586.43,
-      :big_bank_balance => BigDecimal("1000234000567.95"),
-      :world_population => 6000000000,
-      :my_house_population => 3
-    )
-    assert m.save
-    assert_equal 0, NumericData.where("bank_balance > ?", 2000.0).count
-  end
-
-  def test_numeric_fields
-    m = NumericData.new(
-      :bank_balance => 1586.43,
-      :big_bank_balance => BigDecimal("1000234000567.95"),
-      :world_population => 6000000000,
-      :my_house_population => 3
-    )
-    assert m.save
-
-    m1 = NumericData.find(m.id)
-    assert_not_nil m1
-
-    # As with migration_test.rb, we should make world_population >= 2**62
-    # to cover 64-bit platforms and test it is a Bignum, but the main thing
-    # is that it's an Integer.
-    unless current_adapter?(:IBM_DBAdapter)
-      assert_kind_of Integer, m1.world_population
-    else
-      assert_kind_of BigDecimal, m1.world_population
-    end
-    assert_equal 6000000000, m1.world_population
-
-    unless current_adapter?(:IBM_DBAdapter)
-      assert_kind_of Fixnum, m1.my_house_population
-    else
-      assert_kind_of BigDecimal, m1.my_house_population
-    end
-    assert_equal 3, m1.my_house_population
-
-    assert_kind_of BigDecimal, m1.bank_balance
-    assert_equal BigDecimal("1586.43"), m1.bank_balance
-
-    assert_kind_of BigDecimal, m1.big_bank_balance
-    assert_equal BigDecimal("1000234000567.95"), m1.big_bank_balance
-  end
-
-  def test_auto_id
-    auto = AutoId.new
-    auto.save
-    assert(auto.id > 0)
-  end
-
-  def test_sql_injection_via_find
-    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
-      Topic.find("123456 OR id > 0")
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_column_name_properly_quoted
-    col_record = ColumnName.new
-    col_record.references = 40
-    assert col_record.save
-    col_record.references = 41
-    assert col_record.save
-    assert_not_nil c2 = ColumnName.find(col_record.id)
-    assert_equal(41, c2.references)
-  end
-
-  def test_quoting_arrays
-    replies = Reply.all.merge!(:where => [ "id IN (?)", topics(:first).replies.collect(&:id) ]).to_a
-    assert_equal topics(:first).replies.size, replies.size
-
-    replies = Reply.all.merge!(:where => [ "id IN (?)", [] ]).to_a
-    assert_equal 0, replies.size
-  end
-
-  def test_quote
-    author_name = "\\ \001 ' \n \\n \""
-    topic = Topic.create('author_name' => author_name)
-    assert_equal author_name, Topic.find(topic.id).author_name
-  end
-
-  def test_toggle_attribute
-    assert !topics(:first).approved?
-    topics(:first).toggle!(:approved)
-    assert topics(:first).approved?
-    topic = topics(:first)
-    topic.toggle(:approved)
-    assert !topic.approved?
-    topic.reload
-    assert topic.approved?
-  end
-
-  def test_reload
-    t1 = Topic.find(1)
-    t2 = Topic.find(1)
-    t1.title = "something else"
-    t1.save
-    t2.reload
-    assert_equal t1.title, t2.title
-  end
-
-  def test_reload_with_exclusive_scope
-    dev = DeveloperCalledDavid.first
-    dev.update!(name: "NotDavid" )
-    assert_equal dev, dev.reload
-  end
-
-  def test_switching_between_table_name
-    assert_difference("GoodJoke.count") do
-      Joke.table_name = "cold_jokes"
-      Joke.create
-
-      Joke.table_name = "funny_jokes"
-      Joke.create
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_clear_cash_when_setting_table_name
-    Joke.table_name = "cold_jokes"
-    before_columns = Joke.columns
-    before_seq     = Joke.sequence_name
-
-    Joke.table_name = "funny_jokes"
-    after_columns = Joke.columns
-    after_seq     = Joke.sequence_name
-
-    assert_not_equal before_columns, after_columns
-    assert_not_equal before_seq, after_seq unless before_seq.nil? && after_seq.nil?
-  end
-
-  def test_dont_clear_sequence_name_when_setting_explicitly
-    Joke.sequence_name = "black_jokes_seq"
-    Joke.table_name    = "cold_jokes"
-    before_seq         = Joke.sequence_name
-
-    Joke.table_name    = "funny_jokes"
-    after_seq          = Joke.sequence_name
-
-    assert_equal before_seq, after_seq unless before_seq.nil? && after_seq.nil?
-  ensure
-    Joke.reset_sequence_name
-  end
-
-  def test_dont_clear_inheritance_column_when_setting_explicitly
-    Joke.inheritance_column = "my_type"
-    before_inherit = Joke.inheritance_column
-
-    Joke.reset_column_information
-    after_inherit = Joke.inheritance_column
-
-    assert_equal before_inherit, after_inherit unless before_inherit.blank? && after_inherit.blank?
-  end
-
-  def test_set_table_name_symbol_converted_to_string
-    Joke.table_name = :cold_jokes
-    assert_equal 'cold_jokes', Joke.table_name
-  end
-
-  def test_quoted_table_name_after_set_table_name
-    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
-
-    klass.table_name = "foo"
-    assert_equal "foo", klass.table_name
-    assert_equal klass.connection.quote_table_name("foo"), klass.quoted_table_name
-
-    klass.table_name = "bar"
-    assert_equal "bar", klass.table_name
-    assert_equal klass.connection.quote_table_name("bar"), klass.quoted_table_name
-  end
-
-  def test_set_table_name_with_inheritance
-    k = Class.new( ActiveRecord::Base )
-    def k.name; "Foo"; end
-    def k.table_name; super + "ks"; end
-    assert_equal "foosks", k.table_name
-  end
-
-  def test_sequence_name_with_abstract_class
-    ak = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
-    ak.abstract_class = true
-    k = Class.new(ak)
-    k.table_name = "projects"
-    orig_name = k.sequence_name
-    skip "sequences not supported by db" unless orig_name
-    assert_equal k.reset_sequence_name, orig_name
-  end
-
-  def test_count_with_join
-    res = Post.count_by_sql "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM posts LEFT JOIN comments ON posts.id=comments.post_id WHERE posts.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post'"
-
-    res2 = Post.where("posts.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post'").joins("LEFT JOIN comments ON posts.id=comments.post_id").count
-    assert_equal res, res2
-
-    res3 = nil
-    assert_nothing_raised do
-      res3 = Post.where("posts.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post'").joins("LEFT JOIN comments ON posts.id=comments.post_id").count
-    end
-    assert_equal res, res3
-
-    res4 = Post.count_by_sql "SELECT COUNT(p.id) FROM posts p, comments co WHERE p.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post' AND p.id=co.post_id"
-    res5 = nil
-    assert_nothing_raised do
-      res5 = Post.where("p.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post' AND p.id=co.post_id").joins("p, comments co").select("p.id").count
-    end
-
-    assert_equal res4, res5
-
-    res6 = Post.count_by_sql "SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT p.id) FROM posts p, comments co WHERE p.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post' AND p.id=co.post_id"
-    res7 = nil
-    assert_nothing_raised do
-      res7 = Post.where("p.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post' AND p.id=co.post_id").joins("p, comments co").select("p.id").distinct.count
-    end
-    assert_equal res6, res7
-  end
-
-  def test_no_limit_offset
-    assert_nothing_raised do
-      Developer.all.merge!(:offset => 2).to_a
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_find_last
-    last  = Developer.last
-    assert_equal last, Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'id desc').first
-  end
-
-  def test_last
-    assert_equal Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'id desc').first, Developer.last
-  end
-
-  def test_all
-    developers = Developer.all
-    assert_kind_of ActiveRecord::Relation, developers
-    assert_equal Developer.all, developers
-  end
-
-  def test_all_with_conditions
-    assert_equal Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'id desc').to_a, Developer.order('id desc').to_a
-  end
-
-  def test_find_ordered_last
-    last  = Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'developers.salary ASC').last
-    assert_equal last, Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'developers.salary ASC').to_a.last
-  end
-
-  def test_find_reverse_ordered_last
-    last  = Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'developers.salary DESC').last
-    assert_equal last, Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'developers.salary DESC').to_a.last
-  end
-
-  def test_find_multiple_ordered_last
-    last  = Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'developers.name, developers.salary DESC').last
-    assert_equal last, Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'developers.name, developers.salary DESC').to_a.last
-  end
-
-  def test_find_keeps_multiple_order_values
-    combined = Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'developers.name, developers.salary').to_a
-    assert_equal combined, Developer.all.merge!(:order => ['developers.name', 'developers.salary']).to_a
-  end
-
-  def test_find_keeps_multiple_group_values
-    combined = Developer.all.merge!(:group => 'developers.name, developers.salary, developers.id, developers.created_at, developers.updated_at, developers.created_on, developers.updated_on').to_a
-    assert_equal combined, Developer.all.merge!(:group => ['developers.name', 'developers.salary', 'developers.id', 'developers.created_at', 'developers.updated_at', 'developers.created_on', 'developers.updated_on']).to_a
-  end
-
-  def test_find_symbol_ordered_last
-    last  = Developer.all.merge!(:order => :salary).last
-    assert_equal last, Developer.all.merge!(:order => :salary).to_a.last
-  end
-
-  def test_abstract_class
-    assert !ActiveRecord::Base.abstract_class?
-    assert LoosePerson.abstract_class?
-    assert !LooseDescendant.abstract_class?
-  end
-
-  def test_abstract_class_table_name
-    assert_nil AbstractCompany.table_name
-  end
-
-  def test_descends_from_active_record
-    assert !ActiveRecord::Base.descends_from_active_record?
-
-    # Abstract subclass of AR::Base.
-    assert LoosePerson.descends_from_active_record?
-
-    # Concrete subclass of an abstract class.
-    assert LooseDescendant.descends_from_active_record?
-
-    # Concrete subclass of AR::Base.
-    assert TightPerson.descends_from_active_record?
-
-    # Concrete subclass of a concrete class but has no type column.
-    assert TightDescendant.descends_from_active_record?
-
-    # Concrete subclass of AR::Base.
-    assert Post.descends_from_active_record?
-
-    # Abstract subclass of a concrete class which has a type column.
-    # This is pathological, as you'll never have Sub < Abstract < Concrete.
-    assert !StiPost.descends_from_active_record?
-
-    # Concrete subclasses an abstract class which has a type column.
-    assert !SubStiPost.descends_from_active_record?
-  end
-
-  def test_find_on_abstract_base_class_doesnt_use_type_condition
-    old_class = LooseDescendant
-    Object.send :remove_const, :LooseDescendant
-
-    descendant = old_class.create! :first_name => 'bob'
-    assert_not_nil LoosePerson.find(descendant.id), "Should have found instance of LooseDescendant when finding abstract LoosePerson: #{descendant.inspect}"
-  ensure
-    unless Object.const_defined?(:LooseDescendant)
-      Object.const_set :LooseDescendant, old_class
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_assert_queries
-    query = lambda { ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute 'select count(*) from developers' }
-    assert_queries(2) { 2.times { query.call } }
-    assert_queries 1, &query
-    assert_no_queries { assert true }
-  end
-
-  def test_benchmark_with_log_level
-    original_logger = ActiveRecord::Base.logger
-    log = StringIO.new
-    ActiveRecord::Base.logger = ActiveSupport::Logger.new(log)
-    ActiveRecord::Base.logger.level = Logger::WARN
-    ActiveRecord::Base.benchmark("Debug Topic Count", :level => :debug) { Topic.count }
-    ActiveRecord::Base.benchmark("Warn Topic Count",  :level => :warn)  { Topic.count }
-    ActiveRecord::Base.benchmark("Error Topic Count", :level => :error) { Topic.count }
-    assert_no_match(/Debug Topic Count/, log.string)
-    assert_match(/Warn Topic Count/, log.string)
-    assert_match(/Error Topic Count/, log.string)
-  ensure
-    ActiveRecord::Base.logger = original_logger
-  end
-
-  def test_benchmark_with_use_silence
-    original_logger = ActiveRecord::Base.logger
-    log = StringIO.new
-    ActiveRecord::Base.logger = ActiveSupport::Logger.new(log)
-    ActiveRecord::Base.benchmark("Logging", :level => :debug, :silence => false)  { ActiveRecord::Base.logger.debug "Quiet" }
-    assert_match(/Quiet/, log.string)
-  ensure
-    ActiveRecord::Base.logger = original_logger
-  end
-
-  def test_compute_type_success
-    assert_equal Author, ActiveRecord::Base.send(:compute_type, 'Author')
-  end
-
-  def test_compute_type_nonexistent_constant
-    e = assert_raises NameError do
-      ActiveRecord::Base.send :compute_type, 'NonexistentModel'
-    end
-    assert_equal 'uninitialized constant ActiveRecord::Base::NonexistentModel', e.message
-    assert_equal 'ActiveRecord::Base::NonexistentModel', e.name
-  end
-
-  def test_compute_type_no_method_error
-    ActiveSupport::Dependencies.stubs(:safe_constantize).raises(NoMethodError)
-    assert_raises NoMethodError do
-      ActiveRecord::Base.send :compute_type, 'InvalidModel'
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_compute_type_on_undefined_method
-    error = nil
-    begin
-      Class.new(Author) do
-        alias_method :foo, :bar
-      end
-    rescue => e
-      error = e
-    end
-
-    ActiveSupport::Dependencies.stubs(:safe_constantize).raises(e)
-
-    exception = assert_raises NameError do
-      ActiveRecord::Base.send :compute_type, 'InvalidModel'
-    end
-    assert_equal error.message, exception.message
-  end
-
-  def test_compute_type_argument_error
-    ActiveSupport::Dependencies.stubs(:safe_constantize).raises(ArgumentError)
-    assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      ActiveRecord::Base.send :compute_type, 'InvalidModel'
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_clear_cache!
-    # preheat cache
-    c1 = Post.connection.schema_cache.columns('posts')
-    ActiveRecord::Base.clear_cache!
-    c2 = Post.connection.schema_cache.columns('posts')
-    c1.each_with_index do |v, i|
-      assert_not_same v, c2[i]
-    end
-    assert_equal c1, c2
-  end
-
-  def test_current_scope_is_reset
-    Object.const_set :UnloadablePost, Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
-    UnloadablePost.send(:current_scope=, UnloadablePost.all)
-
-    UnloadablePost.unloadable
-    assert_not_nil ActiveRecord::Scoping::ScopeRegistry.value_for(:current_scope, "UnloadablePost")
-    ActiveSupport::Dependencies.remove_unloadable_constants!
-    assert_nil ActiveRecord::Scoping::ScopeRegistry.value_for(:current_scope, "UnloadablePost")
-  ensure
-    Object.class_eval{ remove_const :UnloadablePost } if defined?(UnloadablePost)
-  end
-
-  def test_marshal_round_trip
-    expected = posts(:welcome)
-    marshalled = Marshal.dump(expected)
-    actual   = Marshal.load(marshalled)
-
-    assert_equal expected.attributes, actual.attributes
-  end
-
-  def test_marshal_new_record_round_trip
-    marshalled = Marshal.dump(Post.new)
-    post       = Marshal.load(marshalled)
-
-    assert post.new_record?, "should be a new record"
-  end
-
-  def test_marshalling_with_associations
-    post = Post.new
-    post.comments.build
-
-    marshalled = Marshal.dump(post)
-    post       = Marshal.load(marshalled)
-
-    assert_equal 1, post.comments.length
-  end
-
-  if Process.respond_to?(:fork) && !in_memory_db?
-    def test_marshal_between_processes
-      # Define a new model to ensure there are no caches
-      if self.class.const_defined?("Post", false)
-        flunk "there should be no post constant"
-      end
-
-      self.class.const_set("Post", Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) {
-        has_many :comments
-      })
-
-      rd, wr = IO.pipe
-      rd.binmode
-      wr.binmode
-
-      ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.clear_all_connections!
-
-      fork do
-        rd.close
-        post = Post.new
-        post.comments.build
-        wr.write Marshal.dump(post)
-        wr.close
-      end
-
-      wr.close
-      assert Marshal.load rd.read
-      rd.close
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_marshalling_new_record_round_trip_with_associations
-    post = Post.new
-    post.comments.build
-
-    post = Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(post))
-
-    assert post.new_record?, "should be a new record"
-  end
-
-  def test_attribute_names
-    assert_equal ["id", "type", "firm_id", "firm_name", "name", "client_of", "rating", "account_id", "description"],
-                 Company.attribute_names
-  end
-
-  def test_attribute_names_on_table_not_exists
-    assert_equal [], NonExistentTable.attribute_names
-  end
-
-  def test_attribute_names_on_abstract_class
-    assert_equal [], AbstractCompany.attribute_names
-  end
-
-  def test_touch_should_raise_error_on_a_new_object
-    company = Company.new(:rating => 1, :name => "37signals", :firm_name => "37signals")
-    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError) do
-      company.touch :updated_at
-    end
-  end
-
-  def test_uniq_delegates_to_scoped
-    scope = stub
-    Bird.stubs(:all).returns(mock(:uniq => scope))
-    assert_equal scope, Bird.uniq
-  end
-
-  def test_distinct_delegates_to_scoped
-    scope = stub
-    Bird.stubs(:all).returns(mock(:distinct => scope))
-    assert_equal scope, Bird.distinct
-  end
-
-  def test_table_name_with_2_abstract_subclasses
-    assert_equal "photos", Photo.table_name
-  end
-
-  def test_column_types_typecast
-    topic = Topic.first
-    assert_not_equal 't.lo', topic.author_name
-
-    attrs = topic.attributes.dup
-    attrs.delete 'id'
-
-    typecast = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Type::Value) {
-      def type_cast value
-        "t.lo"
-      end
-    }
-
-    types = { 'author_name' => typecast.new }
-    topic = Topic.instantiate(attrs, types)
-
-    assert_equal 't.lo', topic.author_name
-  end
-
-  def test_typecasting_aliases
-    assert_equal 10, Topic.select('10 as tenderlove').first.tenderlove
-  end
-
-  def test_slice
-    company = Company.new(:rating => 1, :name => "37signals", :firm_name => "37signals")
-    hash = company.slice(:name, :rating, "arbitrary_method")
-    assert_equal hash[:name], company.name
-    assert_equal hash['name'], company.name
-    assert_equal hash[:rating], company.rating
-    assert_equal hash['arbitrary_method'], company.arbitrary_method
-    assert_equal hash[:arbitrary_method], company.arbitrary_method
-    assert_nil hash[:firm_name]
-    assert_nil hash['firm_name']
-  end
-
-  def test_default_values_are_deeply_dupped
-    company = Company.new
-    company.description << "foo"
-    assert_equal "", Company.new.description
-  end
-
-  test "scoped can take a values hash" do
-    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
-    assert_equal ['foo'], klass.all.merge!(select: 'foo').select_values
-  end
-
-  test "connection_handler can be overridden" do
-    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
-    orig_handler = klass.connection_handler
-    new_handler = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler.new
-    thread_connection_handler = nil
-
-    t = Thread.new do
-      klass.connection_handler = new_handler
-      thread_connection_handler = klass.connection_handler
-    end
-    t.join
-
-    assert_equal klass.connection_handler, orig_handler
-    assert_equal thread_connection_handler, new_handler
-  end
-
-  test "new threads get default the default connection handler" do
-    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
-    orig_handler = klass.connection_handler
-    handler = nil
-
-    t = Thread.new do
-      handler = klass.connection_handler
-    end
-    t.join
-
-    assert_equal handler, orig_handler
-    assert_equal klass.connection_handler, orig_handler
-    assert_equal klass.default_connection_handler, orig_handler
-  end
-
-  test "changing a connection handler in a main thread does not poison the other threads" do
-    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
-    orig_handler = klass.connection_handler
-    new_handler = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler.new
-    after_handler = nil
-    latch1 = ActiveSupport::Concurrency::Latch.new
-    latch2 = ActiveSupport::Concurrency::Latch.new
-
-    t = Thread.new do
-      klass.connection_handler = new_handler
-      latch1.release
-      latch2.await
-      after_handler = klass.connection_handler
-    end
-
-    latch1.await
-
-    klass.connection_handler = orig_handler
-    latch2.release
-    t.join
-
-    assert_equal after_handler, new_handler
-    assert_equal orig_handler, klass.connection_handler
-  end
-
-  # Note: This is a performance optimization for Array#uniq and Hash#[] with
-  # AR::Base objects. If the future has made this irrelevant, feel free to
-  # delete this.
-  test "records without an id have unique hashes" do
-    assert_not_equal Post.new.hash, Post.new.hash
-  end
-
-  test "resetting column information doesn't remove attribute methods" do
-    topic = topics(:first)
-
-    assert_not topic.id_changed?
-
-    Topic.reset_column_information
-
-    assert_not topic.id_changed?
-  end
-end
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+require "cases/helper"
+require 'active_support/concurrency/latch'
+require 'models/post'
+require 'models/author'
+require 'models/topic'
+require 'models/reply'
+require 'models/category'
+require 'models/company'
+require 'models/customer'
+require 'models/developer'
+require 'models/computer'
+require 'models/project'
+require 'models/default'
+require 'models/auto_id'
+require 'models/boolean'
+require 'models/column_name'
+require 'models/subscriber'
+require 'models/keyboard'
+require 'models/comment'
+require 'models/minimalistic'
+require 'models/warehouse_thing'
+require 'models/parrot'
+require 'models/person'
+require 'models/edge'
+require 'models/joke'
+require 'models/bird'
+require 'models/car'
+require 'models/bulb'
+require 'rexml/document'
+
+class FirstAbstractClass < ActiveRecord::Base
+  self.abstract_class = true
+end
+class SecondAbstractClass < FirstAbstractClass
+  self.abstract_class = true
+end
+class Photo < SecondAbstractClass; end
+class Category < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+class Categorization < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+class Smarts < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+class CreditCard < ActiveRecord::Base
+  class PinNumber < ActiveRecord::Base
+    class CvvCode < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+    class SubCvvCode < CvvCode; end
+  end
+  class SubPinNumber < PinNumber; end
+  class Brand < Category; end
+end
+class MasterCreditCard < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+class Post < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+class Computer < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+class NonExistentTable < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+class TestOracleDefault < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+
+class ReadonlyTitlePost < Post
+  attr_readonly :title
+end
+
+class Weird < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+
+class Boolean < ActiveRecord::Base
+  def has_fun
+    super
+  end
+end
+
+class LintTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  include ActiveModel::Lint::Tests
+
+  class LintModel < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+
+  def setup
+    @model = LintModel.new
+  end
+end
+
+class BasicsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+  fixtures :topics, :companies, :developers, :projects, :computers, :accounts, :minimalistics, 'warehouse_things', :authors, :categorizations, :categories, :posts, :author_addresses
+
+  def test_column_names_are_escaped
+    conn      = ActiveRecord::Base.connection
+    classname = conn.class.name[/[^:]*$/]
+    badchar   = {
+      'SQLite3Adapter'    => '"',
+      'MysqlAdapter'      => '`',
+      'Mysql2Adapter'     => '`',
+      'PostgreSQLAdapter' => '"',
+      'OracleAdapter'     => '"',
+      'IBM_DBAdapter'     => '"',
+    }.fetch(classname) {
+      raise "need a bad char for #{classname}"
+    }
+
+    quoted = conn.quote_column_name "foo#{badchar}bar"
+    if current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
+      # Oracle does not allow double quotes in table and column names at all
+      # therefore quoting removes them
+      assert_equal("#{badchar}foobar#{badchar}", quoted)
+	elsif current_adapter?(:IBM_DBAdapter)
+      assert_equal("foo#{badchar}bar", quoted)
+    else
+      assert_equal("#{badchar}foo#{badchar * 2}bar#{badchar}", quoted)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_columns_should_obey_set_primary_key
+    pk = Subscriber.columns_hash[Subscriber.primary_key]
+    assert_equal 'nick', pk.name, 'nick should be primary key'
+  end
+
+  def test_primary_key_with_no_id
+    assert_nil Edge.primary_key
+  end
+
+  unless current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter, :OracleAdapter, :SQLServerAdapter, :IBM_DBAdapter)
+    def test_limit_with_comma
+      assert Topic.limit("1,2").to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_limit_without_comma
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.limit("1").to_a.length
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.limit(1).to_a.length
+  end
+
+  def test_limit_should_take_value_from_latest_limit
+    assert_equal 1, Topic.limit(2).limit(1).to_a.length
+  end
+
+  def test_invalid_limit
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+      Topic.limit("asdfadf").to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_limit_should_sanitize_sql_injection_for_limit_without_commas
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+      Topic.limit("1 select * from schema").to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_limit_should_sanitize_sql_injection_for_limit_with_commas
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+      Topic.limit("1, 7 procedure help()").to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  unless current_adapter?(:MysqlAdapter, :Mysql2Adapter, :IBM_DBAdapter)
+    def test_limit_should_allow_sql_literal
+      assert_equal 1, Topic.limit(Arel.sql('2-1')).to_a.length
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_select_symbol
+    topic_ids = Topic.select(:id).map(&:id).sort
+    assert_equal Topic.pluck(:id).sort, topic_ids
+  end
+
+  def test_table_exists
+    assert !NonExistentTable.table_exists?
+    assert Topic.table_exists?
+  end
+
+  def test_preserving_date_objects
+    # Oracle enhanced adapter allows to define Date attributes in model class (see topic.rb)
+    assert_kind_of(
+      Date, Topic.find(1).last_read,
+      "The last_read attribute should be of the Date class"
+    )
+  end
+
+  def test_previously_changed
+    topic = Topic.first
+    topic.title = '<3<3<3'
+    assert_equal({}, topic.previous_changes)
+
+    topic.save!
+    expected = ["The First Topic", "<3<3<3"]
+    assert_equal(expected, topic.previous_changes['title'])
+  end
+
+  def test_previously_changed_dup
+    topic = Topic.first
+    topic.title = '<3<3<3'
+    topic.save!
+
+    t2 = topic.dup
+
+    assert_equal(topic.previous_changes, t2.previous_changes)
+
+    topic.title = "lolwut"
+    topic.save!
+
+    assert_not_equal(topic.previous_changes, t2.previous_changes)
+  end
+
+  def test_preserving_time_objects
+    assert_kind_of(
+      Time, Topic.find(1).bonus_time,
+      "The bonus_time attribute should be of the Time class"
+    )
+
+    assert_kind_of(
+      Time, Topic.find(1).written_on,
+      "The written_on attribute should be of the Time class"
+    )
+
+    # For adapters which support microsecond resolution.
+    if current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter, :SQLite3Adapter) || mysql_56?
+      assert_equal 11, Topic.find(1).written_on.sec
+      assert_equal 223300, Topic.find(1).written_on.usec
+      assert_equal 9900, Topic.find(2).written_on.usec
+      assert_equal 129346, Topic.find(3).written_on.usec
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_preserving_time_objects_with_local_time_conversion_to_default_timezone_utc
+    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
+      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
+        time = Time.local(2000)
+        topic = Topic.create('written_on' => time)
+        saved_time = Topic.find(topic.id).reload.written_on
+        assert_equal time, saved_time
+        assert_equal [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "EST"], time.to_a
+        assert_equal [0, 0, 5, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "UTC"], saved_time.to_a
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_preserving_time_objects_with_time_with_zone_conversion_to_default_timezone_utc
+    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
+      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
+        Time.use_zone 'Central Time (US & Canada)' do
+          time = Time.zone.local(2000)
+          topic = Topic.create('written_on' => time)
+          saved_time = Topic.find(topic.id).reload.written_on
+          assert_equal time, saved_time
+          assert_equal [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "CST"], time.to_a
+          assert_equal [0, 0, 6, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "UTC"], saved_time.to_a
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_preserving_time_objects_with_utc_time_conversion_to_default_timezone_local
+    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
+      with_timezone_config default: :local do
+        time = Time.utc(2000)
+        topic = Topic.create('written_on' => time)
+        saved_time = Topic.find(topic.id).reload.written_on
+        assert_equal time, saved_time
+        assert_equal [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "UTC"], time.to_a
+        assert_equal [0, 0, 19, 31, 12, 1999, 5, 365, false, "EST"], saved_time.to_a
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_preserving_time_objects_with_time_with_zone_conversion_to_default_timezone_local
+    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
+      with_timezone_config default: :local do
+        Time.use_zone 'Central Time (US & Canada)' do
+          time = Time.zone.local(2000)
+          topic = Topic.create('written_on' => time)
+          saved_time = Topic.find(topic.id).reload.written_on
+          assert_equal time, saved_time
+          assert_equal [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "CST"], time.to_a
+          assert_equal [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, "EST"], saved_time.to_a
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_custom_mutator
+    topic = Topic.find(1)
+    # This mutator is protected in the class definition
+    topic.send(:approved=, true)
+    assert topic.instance_variable_get("@custom_approved")
+  end
+
+  def test_initialize_with_attributes
+    topic = Topic.new({
+      "title" => "initialized from attributes", "written_on" => "2003-12-12 23:23"
+    })
+
+    assert_equal("initialized from attributes", topic.title)
+  end
+
+  def test_initialize_with_invalid_attribute
+    Topic.new({ "title" => "test",
+      "last_read(1i)" => "2005", "last_read(2i)" => "2", "last_read(3i)" => "31"})
+  rescue ActiveRecord::MultiparameterAssignmentErrors => ex
+    assert_equal(1, ex.errors.size)
+    assert_equal("last_read", ex.errors[0].attribute)
+  end
+
+  def test_create_after_initialize_without_block
+    cb = CustomBulb.create(:name => 'Dude')
+    assert_equal('Dude', cb.name)
+    assert_equal(true, cb.frickinawesome)
+  end
+
+  def test_create_after_initialize_with_block
+    cb = CustomBulb.create {|c| c.name = 'Dude' }
+    assert_equal('Dude', cb.name)
+    assert_equal(true, cb.frickinawesome)
+  end
+
+  def test_create_after_initialize_with_array_param
+    cbs = CustomBulb.create([{ name: 'Dude' }, { name: 'Bob' }])
+    assert_equal 'Dude', cbs[0].name
+    assert_equal 'Bob', cbs[1].name
+    assert cbs[0].frickinawesome
+    assert !cbs[1].frickinawesome
+  end
+
+  def test_load
+    topics = Topic.all.merge!(:order => 'id').to_a
+    assert_equal(5, topics.size)
+    assert_equal(topics(:first).title, topics.first.title)
+  end
+
+  def test_load_with_condition
+    topics = Topic.all.merge!(:where => "author_name = 'Mary'").to_a
+
+    assert_equal(1, topics.size)
+    assert_equal(topics(:second).title, topics.first.title)
+  end
+
+  GUESSED_CLASSES = [Category, Smarts, CreditCard, CreditCard::PinNumber, CreditCard::PinNumber::CvvCode, CreditCard::SubPinNumber, CreditCard::Brand, MasterCreditCard]
+
+  def test_table_name_guesses
+    assert_equal "topics", Topic.table_name
+
+    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
+    assert_equal "smarts", Smarts.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_cards", CreditCard.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_numbers", CreditCard::PinNumber.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_number_cvv_codes", CreditCard::PinNumber::CvvCode.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_numbers", CreditCard::SubPinNumber.table_name
+    assert_equal "categories", CreditCard::Brand.table_name
+    assert_equal "master_credit_cards", MasterCreditCard.table_name
+  ensure
+    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
+  end
+
+  def test_singular_table_name_guesses
+    ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = false
+    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
+
+    assert_equal "category", Category.table_name
+    assert_equal "smarts", Smarts.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_card", CreditCard.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_number", CreditCard::PinNumber.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_number_cvv_code", CreditCard::PinNumber::CvvCode.table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_card_pin_number", CreditCard::SubPinNumber.table_name
+    assert_equal "category", CreditCard::Brand.table_name
+    assert_equal "master_credit_card", MasterCreditCard.table_name
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = true
+    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
+  end
+
+  def test_table_name_guesses_with_prefixes_and_suffixes
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = "test_"
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "test_categories", Category.table_name
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = "_test"
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "test_categories_test", Category.table_name
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = ""
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "categories_test", Category.table_name
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = ""
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = ""
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = ""
+    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
+  end
+
+  def test_singular_table_name_guesses_with_prefixes_and_suffixes
+    ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = false
+
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = "test_"
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "test_category", Category.table_name
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = "_test"
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "test_category_test", Category.table_name
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = ""
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "category_test", Category.table_name
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = ""
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "category", Category.table_name
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = true
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix = ""
+    ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_suffix = ""
+    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
+  end
+
+  def test_table_name_guesses_with_inherited_prefixes_and_suffixes
+    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
+
+    CreditCard.table_name_prefix = "test_"
+    CreditCard.reset_table_name
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "test_credit_cards", CreditCard.table_name
+    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
+    CreditCard.table_name_suffix = "_test"
+    CreditCard.reset_table_name
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "test_credit_cards_test", CreditCard.table_name
+    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
+    CreditCard.table_name_prefix = ""
+    CreditCard.reset_table_name
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_cards_test", CreditCard.table_name
+    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
+    CreditCard.table_name_suffix = ""
+    CreditCard.reset_table_name
+    Category.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "credit_cards", CreditCard.table_name
+    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
+  ensure
+    CreditCard.table_name_prefix = ""
+    CreditCard.table_name_suffix = ""
+    GUESSED_CLASSES.each(&:reset_table_name)
+  end
+
+  def test_singular_table_name_guesses_for_individual_table
+    Post.pluralize_table_names = false
+    Post.reset_table_name
+    assert_equal "post", Post.table_name
+    assert_equal "categories", Category.table_name
+  ensure
+    Post.pluralize_table_names = true
+    Post.reset_table_name
+  end
+
+  if current_adapter?(:MysqlAdapter, :Mysql2Adapter)
+    def test_update_all_with_order_and_limit
+      assert_equal 1, Topic.limit(1).order('id DESC').update_all(:content => 'bulk updated!')
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_null_fields
+    assert_nil Topic.find(1).parent_id
+    assert_nil Topic.create("title" => "Hey you").parent_id
+  end
+
+  def test_default_values
+    topic = Topic.new
+    assert topic.approved?
+    assert_nil topic.written_on
+    assert_nil topic.bonus_time
+    assert_nil topic.last_read
+
+    topic.save
+
+    topic = Topic.find(topic.id)
+    assert topic.approved?
+    assert_nil topic.last_read
+
+    # Oracle has some funky default handling, so it requires a bit of
+    # extra testing. See ticket #2788.
+    if current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
+      test = TestOracleDefault.new
+      assert_equal "X", test.test_char
+      assert_equal "hello", test.test_string
+      assert_equal 3, test.test_int
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Oracle does not have a TIME datatype.
+  unless current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
+    def test_utc_as_time_zone
+      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
+        attributes = { "bonus_time" => "5:42:00AM" }
+        topic = Topic.find(1)
+        topic.attributes = attributes
+        assert_equal Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 5, 42, 0), topic.bonus_time
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_utc_as_time_zone_and_new
+      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
+        attributes = { "bonus_time(1i)"=>"2000",
+          "bonus_time(2i)"=>"1",
+          "bonus_time(3i)"=>"1",
+          "bonus_time(4i)"=>"10",
+          "bonus_time(5i)"=>"35",
+          "bonus_time(6i)"=>"50" }
+        topic = Topic.new(attributes)
+        assert_equal Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 10, 35, 50), topic.bonus_time
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_default_values_on_empty_strings
+    topic = Topic.new
+    topic.approved  = nil
+    topic.last_read = nil
+
+    topic.save
+
+    topic = Topic.find(topic.id)
+    assert_nil topic.last_read
+
+    assert_nil topic.approved
+  end
+
+  def test_equality
+    assert_equal Topic.find(1), Topic.find(2).topic
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_slug
+    assert_equal Topic.find('1-meowmeow'), Topic.find(1)
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_slug_with_array
+    assert_equal Topic.find(['1-meowmeow', '2-hello']), Topic.find([1, 2])
+  end
+
+  def test_find_by_slug_with_range
+    assert_equal Topic.where(id: '1-meowmeow'..'2-hello'), Topic.where(id: 1..2)
+  end
+
+  def test_equality_of_new_records
+    assert_not_equal Topic.new, Topic.new
+    assert_equal false, Topic.new == Topic.new
+  end
+
+  def test_equality_of_destroyed_records
+    topic_1 = Topic.new(:title => 'test_1')
+    topic_1.save
+    topic_2 = Topic.find(topic_1.id)
+    topic_1.destroy
+    assert_equal topic_1, topic_2
+    assert_equal topic_2, topic_1
+  end
+
+  def test_equality_with_blank_ids
+    one = Subscriber.new(:id => '')
+    two = Subscriber.new(:id => '')
+    assert_equal one, two
+  end
+
+  def test_equality_of_relation_and_collection_proxy
+    car = Car.create!
+    car.bulbs.build
+    car.save
+
+    assert car.bulbs == Bulb.where(car_id: car.id), 'CollectionProxy should be comparable with Relation'
+    assert Bulb.where(car_id: car.id) == car.bulbs, 'Relation should be comparable with CollectionProxy'
+  end
+
+  def test_equality_of_relation_and_array
+    car = Car.create!
+    car.bulbs.build
+    car.save
+
+    assert Bulb.where(car_id: car.id) == car.bulbs.to_a, 'Relation should be comparable with Array'
+  end
+
+  def test_equality_of_relation_and_association_relation
+    car = Car.create!
+    car.bulbs.build
+    car.save
+
+    assert_equal Bulb.where(car_id: car.id), car.bulbs.includes(:car), 'Relation should be comparable with AssociationRelation'
+    assert_equal car.bulbs.includes(:car), Bulb.where(car_id: car.id), 'AssociationRelation should be comparable with Relation'
+  end
+
+  def test_equality_of_collection_proxy_and_association_relation
+    car = Car.create!
+    car.bulbs.build
+    car.save
+
+    assert_equal car.bulbs, car.bulbs.includes(:car), 'CollectionProxy should be comparable with AssociationRelation'
+    assert_equal car.bulbs.includes(:car), car.bulbs, 'AssociationRelation should be comparable with CollectionProxy'
+  end
+
+  def test_hashing
+    assert_equal [ Topic.find(1) ], [ Topic.find(2).topic ] & [ Topic.find(1) ]
+  end
+
+  def test_successful_comparison_of_like_class_records
+    topic_1 = Topic.create!
+    topic_2 = Topic.create!
+
+    assert_equal [topic_2, topic_1].sort, [topic_1, topic_2]
+  end
+
+  def test_failed_comparison_of_unlike_class_records
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      [ topics(:first), posts(:welcome) ].sort
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_create_without_prepared_statement
+    topic = Topic.connection.unprepared_statement do
+      Topic.create(:title => 'foo')
+    end
+
+    assert_equal topic, Topic.find(topic.id)
+  end
+
+  def test_destroy_without_prepared_statement
+    topic = Topic.create(title: 'foo')
+    Topic.connection.unprepared_statement do
+      Topic.find(topic.id).destroy
+    end
+
+    assert_equal nil, Topic.find_by_id(topic.id)
+  end
+
+  def test_comparison_with_different_objects
+    topic = Topic.create
+    category = Category.create(:name => "comparison")
+    assert_nil topic <=> category
+  end
+
+  def test_comparison_with_different_objects_in_array
+    topic = Topic.create
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+      [1, topic].sort
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_readonly_attributes
+    assert_equal Set.new([ 'title' , 'comments_count' ]), ReadonlyTitlePost.readonly_attributes
+
+    post = ReadonlyTitlePost.create(:title => "cannot change this", :body => "changeable")
+    post.reload
+    assert_equal "cannot change this", post.title
+
+    post.update(title: "try to change", body: "changed")
+    post.reload
+    assert_equal "cannot change this", post.title
+    assert_equal "changed", post.body
+  end
+
+  def test_unicode_column_name
+    Weird.reset_column_information
+    weird = Weird.create(:なまえ => 'たこ焼き仮面')
+    assert_equal 'たこ焼き仮面', weird.なまえ
+  end
+
+  unless current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter)
+    def test_respect_internal_encoding
+      old_default_internal = Encoding.default_internal
+      silence_warnings { Encoding.default_internal = "EUC-JP" }
+
+      Weird.reset_column_information
+
+      assert_equal ["EUC-JP"], Weird.columns.map {|c| c.name.encoding.name }.uniq
+    ensure
+      silence_warnings { Encoding.default_internal = old_default_internal }
+      Weird.reset_column_information
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_non_valid_identifier_column_name
+    weird = Weird.create('a$b' => 'value')
+    weird.reload
+    assert_equal 'value', weird.send('a$b')
+    assert_equal 'value', weird.read_attribute('a$b')
+
+    weird.update_columns('a$b' => 'value2')
+    weird.reload
+    assert_equal 'value2', weird.send('a$b')
+    assert_equal 'value2', weird.read_attribute('a$b')
+  end
+
+  def test_group_weirds_by_from
+    Weird.create('a$b' => 'value', :from => 'aaron')
+    count = Weird.group(Weird.arel_table[:from]).count
+    assert_equal 1, count['aaron']
+  end
+
+  def test_attributes_on_dummy_time
+    # Oracle does not have a TIME datatype.
+    return true if current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
+
+    with_timezone_config default: :local do
+      attributes = {
+        "bonus_time" => "5:42:00AM"
+      }
+      topic = Topic.find(1)
+      topic.attributes = attributes
+      assert_equal Time.local(2000, 1, 1, 5, 42, 0), topic.bonus_time
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_attributes_on_dummy_time_with_invalid_time
+    # Oracle does not have a TIME datatype.
+    return true if current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)
+
+    attributes = {
+      "bonus_time" => "not a time"
+    }
+    topic = Topic.find(1)
+    topic.attributes = attributes
+    assert_nil topic.bonus_time
+  end
+
+  def test_boolean
+    b_nil = Boolean.create({ "value" => nil })
+    nil_id = b_nil.id
+    b_false = Boolean.create({ "value" => false })
+    false_id = b_false.id
+    b_true = Boolean.create({ "value" => true })
+    true_id = b_true.id
+
+    b_nil = Boolean.find(nil_id)
+    assert_nil b_nil.value
+    b_false = Boolean.find(false_id)
+    assert !b_false.value?
+    b_true = Boolean.find(true_id)
+    assert b_true.value?
+  end
+
+  def test_boolean_without_questionmark
+    b_true = Boolean.create({ "value" => true })
+    true_id = b_true.id
+
+    subclass   = Class.new(Boolean).find true_id
+    superclass = Boolean.find true_id
+
+    assert_equal superclass.read_attribute(:has_fun), subclass.read_attribute(:has_fun)
+  end
+
+  def test_boolean_cast_from_string
+    b_blank = Boolean.create({ "value" => "" })
+    blank_id = b_blank.id
+    b_false = Boolean.create({ "value" => "0" })
+    false_id = b_false.id
+    b_true = Boolean.create({ "value" => "1" })
+    true_id = b_true.id
+
+    b_blank = Boolean.find(blank_id)
+    assert_nil b_blank.value
+    b_false = Boolean.find(false_id)
+    assert !b_false.value?
+    b_true = Boolean.find(true_id)
+    assert b_true.value?
+  end
+
+  def test_new_record_returns_boolean
+    assert_equal false, Topic.new.persisted?
+    assert_equal true, Topic.find(1).persisted?
+  end
+
+  def test_dup
+    topic = Topic.find(1)
+    duped_topic = nil
+    assert_nothing_raised { duped_topic = topic.dup }
+    assert_equal topic.title, duped_topic.title
+    assert !duped_topic.persisted?
+
+    # test if the attributes have been duped
+    topic.title = "a"
+    duped_topic.title = "b"
+    assert_equal "a", topic.title
+    assert_equal "b", duped_topic.title
+
+    # test if the attribute values have been duped
+    duped_topic = topic.dup
+    duped_topic.title.replace "c"
+    assert_equal "a", topic.title
+
+    # test if attributes set as part of after_initialize are duped correctly
+    assert_equal topic.author_email_address, duped_topic.author_email_address
+
+    # test if saved clone object differs from original
+    duped_topic.save
+    assert duped_topic.persisted?
+    assert_not_equal duped_topic.id, topic.id
+
+    duped_topic.reload
+    assert_equal("c", duped_topic.title)
+  end
+
+  DeveloperSalary = Struct.new(:amount)
+  def test_dup_with_aggregate_of_same_name_as_attribute
+    developer_with_aggregate = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+      self.table_name = 'developers'
+      composed_of :salary, :class_name => 'BasicsTest::DeveloperSalary', :mapping => [%w(salary amount)]
+    end
+
+    dev = developer_with_aggregate.find(1)
+    assert_kind_of DeveloperSalary, dev.salary
+
+    dup = nil
+    assert_nothing_raised { dup = dev.dup }
+    assert_kind_of DeveloperSalary, dup.salary
+    assert_equal dev.salary.amount, dup.salary.amount
+    assert !dup.persisted?
+
+    # test if the attributes have been dupd
+    original_amount = dup.salary.amount
+    dev.salary.amount = 1
+    assert_equal original_amount, dup.salary.amount
+
+    assert dup.save
+    assert dup.persisted?
+    assert_not_equal dup.id, dev.id
+  end
+
+  def test_dup_does_not_copy_associations
+    author = authors(:david)
+    assert_not_equal [], author.posts
+    author.send(:clear_association_cache)
+
+    author_dup = author.dup
+    assert_equal [], author_dup.posts
+  end
+
+  def test_clone_preserves_subtype
+    clone = nil
+    assert_nothing_raised { clone = Company.find(3).clone }
+    assert_kind_of Client, clone
+  end
+
+  def test_clone_of_new_object_with_defaults
+    developer = Developer.new
+    assert !developer.name_changed?
+    assert !developer.salary_changed?
+
+    cloned_developer = developer.clone
+    assert !cloned_developer.name_changed?
+    assert !cloned_developer.salary_changed?
+  end
+
+  def test_clone_of_new_object_marks_attributes_as_dirty
+    developer = Developer.new :name => 'Bjorn', :salary => 100000
+    assert developer.name_changed?
+    assert developer.salary_changed?
+
+    cloned_developer = developer.clone
+    assert cloned_developer.name_changed?
+    assert cloned_developer.salary_changed?
+  end
+
+  def test_clone_of_new_object_marks_as_dirty_only_changed_attributes
+    developer = Developer.new :name => 'Bjorn'
+    assert developer.name_changed?            # obviously
+    assert !developer.salary_changed?         # attribute has non-nil default value, so treated as not changed
+
+    cloned_developer = developer.clone
+    assert cloned_developer.name_changed?
+    assert !cloned_developer.salary_changed?  # ... and cloned instance should behave same
+  end
+
+  def test_dup_of_saved_object_marks_attributes_as_dirty
+    developer = Developer.create! :name => 'Bjorn', :salary => 100000
+    assert !developer.name_changed?
+    assert !developer.salary_changed?
+
+    cloned_developer = developer.dup
+    assert cloned_developer.name_changed?     # both attributes differ from defaults
+    assert cloned_developer.salary_changed?
+  end
+
+  def test_dup_of_saved_object_marks_as_dirty_only_changed_attributes
+    developer = Developer.create! :name => 'Bjorn'
+    assert !developer.name_changed?           # both attributes of saved object should be treated as not changed
+    assert !developer.salary_changed?
+
+    cloned_developer = developer.dup
+    assert cloned_developer.name_changed?     # ... but on cloned object should be
+    assert !cloned_developer.salary_changed?  # ... BUT salary has non-nil default which should be treated as not changed on cloned instance
+  end
+
+  def test_bignum
+    company = Company.find(1)
+    company.rating = 2147483647
+    company.save
+    company = Company.find(1)
+    assert_equal 2147483647, company.rating
+  end
+
+  # TODO: extend defaults tests to other databases!
+  if current_adapter?(:PostgreSQLAdapter)
+    def test_default
+      with_timezone_config default: :local do
+        default = Default.new
+
+        # fixed dates / times
+        assert_equal Date.new(2004, 1, 1), default.fixed_date
+        assert_equal Time.local(2004, 1,1,0,0,0,0), default.fixed_time
+
+        # char types
+        assert_equal 'Y', default.char1
+        assert_equal 'a varchar field', default.char2
+        assert_equal 'a text field', default.char3
+      end
+    end
+
+    class Geometric < ActiveRecord::Base; end
+    def test_geometric_content
+
+      # accepted format notes:
+      # ()'s aren't required
+      # values can be a mix of float or integer
+
+      g = Geometric.new(
+        :a_point        => '(5.0, 6.1)',
+        #:a_line         => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0))' # line type is currently unsupported in postgresql
+        :a_line_segment => '(2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0)',
+        :a_box          => '2.0, 3, 5.5, 7.0',
+        :a_path         => '[(2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0), (8.5, 11.0)]',  # [ ] is an open path
+        :a_polygon      => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0), (8.5, 11.0))',
+        :a_circle       => '<(5.3, 10.4), 2>'
+      )
+
+      assert g.save
+
+      # Reload and check that we have all the geometric attributes.
+      h = Geometric.find(g.id)
+
+      assert_equal [5.0, 6.1], h.a_point
+      assert_equal '[(2,3),(5.5,7)]', h.a_line_segment
+      assert_equal '(5.5,7),(2,3)', h.a_box   # reordered to store upper right corner then bottom left corner
+      assert_equal '[(2,3),(5.5,7),(8.5,11)]', h.a_path
+      assert_equal '((2,3),(5.5,7),(8.5,11))', h.a_polygon
+      assert_equal '<(5.3,10.4),2>', h.a_circle
+
+      # use a geometric function to test for an open path
+      objs = Geometric.find_by_sql ["select isopen(a_path) from geometrics where id = ?", g.id]
+
+      assert_equal true, objs[0].isopen
+
+      # test alternate formats when defining the geometric types
+
+      g = Geometric.new(
+        :a_point        => '5.0, 6.1',
+        #:a_line         => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0))' # line type is currently unsupported in postgresql
+        :a_line_segment => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0))',
+        :a_box          => '(2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0)',
+        :a_path         => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0), (8.5, 11.0))',  # ( ) is a closed path
+        :a_polygon      => '2.0, 3, 5.5, 7.0, 8.5, 11.0',
+        :a_circle       => '((5.3, 10.4), 2)'
+      )
+
+      assert g.save
+
+      # Reload and check that we have all the geometric attributes.
+      h = Geometric.find(g.id)
+
+      assert_equal [5.0, 6.1], h.a_point
+      assert_equal '[(2,3),(5.5,7)]', h.a_line_segment
+      assert_equal '(5.5,7),(2,3)', h.a_box   # reordered to store upper right corner then bottom left corner
+      assert_equal '((2,3),(5.5,7),(8.5,11))', h.a_path
+      assert_equal '((2,3),(5.5,7),(8.5,11))', h.a_polygon
+      assert_equal '<(5.3,10.4),2>', h.a_circle
+
+      # use a geometric function to test for an closed path
+      objs = Geometric.find_by_sql ["select isclosed(a_path) from geometrics where id = ?", g.id]
+
+      assert_equal true, objs[0].isclosed
+
+      # test native ruby formats when defining the geometric types
+      g = Geometric.new(
+        :a_point        => [5.0, 6.1],
+        #:a_line         => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0))' # line type is currently unsupported in postgresql
+        :a_line_segment => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0))',
+        :a_box          => '(2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0)',
+        :a_path         => '((2.0, 3), (5.5, 7.0), (8.5, 11.0))',  # ( ) is a closed path
+        :a_polygon      => '2.0, 3, 5.5, 7.0, 8.5, 11.0',
+        :a_circle       => '((5.3, 10.4), 2)'
+      )
+
+      assert g.save
+
+      # Reload and check that we have all the geometric attributes.
+      h = Geometric.find(g.id)
+
+      assert_equal [5.0, 6.1], h.a_point
+      assert_equal '[(2,3),(5.5,7)]', h.a_line_segment
+      assert_equal '(5.5,7),(2,3)', h.a_box   # reordered to store upper right corner then bottom left corner
+      assert_equal '((2,3),(5.5,7),(8.5,11))', h.a_path
+      assert_equal '((2,3),(5.5,7),(8.5,11))', h.a_polygon
+      assert_equal '<(5.3,10.4),2>', h.a_circle
+    end
+  end
+
+  class NumericData < ActiveRecord::Base
+    self.table_name = 'numeric_data'
+
+    attribute :my_house_population, Type::Integer.new
+    attribute :atoms_in_universe, Type::Integer.new
+  end
+
+  def test_big_decimal_conditions
+    m = NumericData.new(
+      :bank_balance => 1586.43,
+      :big_bank_balance => BigDecimal("1000234000567.95"),
+      :world_population => 6000000000,
+      :my_house_population => 3
+    )
+    assert m.save
+    assert_equal 0, NumericData.where("bank_balance > ?", 2000.0).count
+  end
+
+  def test_numeric_fields
+    m = NumericData.new(
+      :bank_balance => 1586.43,
+      :big_bank_balance => BigDecimal("1000234000567.95"),
+      :world_population => 6000000000,
+      :my_house_population => 3
+    )
+    assert m.save
+
+    m1 = NumericData.find(m.id)
+    assert_not_nil m1
+
+    # As with migration_test.rb, we should make world_population >= 2**62
+    # to cover 64-bit platforms and test it is a Bignum, but the main thing
+    # is that it's an Integer.
+    unless current_adapter?(:IBM_DBAdapter)
+		assert_kind_of Integer, m1.world_population
+	else
+		assert_equal 6000000000, m1.world_population
+
+		assert_kind_of Fixnum, m1.my_house_population
+		assert_equal 3, m1.my_house_population
+
+		assert_kind_of BigDecimal, m1.bank_balance
+		assert_equal BigDecimal("1586.43"), m1.bank_balance
+
+		assert_kind_of BigDecimal, m1.big_bank_balance
+		assert_equal BigDecimal("1000234000567.95"), m1.big_bank_balance
+  end
+
+  def test_numeric_fields_with_scale
+    m = NumericData.new(
+      :bank_balance => 1586.43122334,
+      :big_bank_balance => BigDecimal("234000567.952344"),
+      :world_population => 6000000000,
+      :my_house_population => 3
+    )
+    assert m.save
+
+    m1 = NumericData.find(m.id)
+    assert_not_nil m1
+
+    # As with migration_test.rb, we should make world_population >= 2**62
+    # to cover 64-bit platforms and test it is a Bignum, but the main thing
+    # is that it's an Integer.
+    assert_kind_of Integer, m1.world_population
+    assert_equal 6000000000, m1.world_population
+
+    unless current_adapter?(:IBM_DBAdapter)
+      assert_kind_of Fixnum, m1.my_house_population
+    else
+      assert_kind_of BigDecimal, m1.my_house_population
+    end
+    assert_equal 3, m1.my_house_population
+
+    assert_kind_of BigDecimal, m1.bank_balance
+    assert_equal BigDecimal("1586.43"), m1.bank_balance
+
+    assert_kind_of BigDecimal, m1.big_bank_balance
+    assert_equal BigDecimal("234000567.95"), m1.big_bank_balance
+  end
+
+  def test_auto_id
+    auto = AutoId.new
+    auto.save
+    assert(auto.id > 0)
+  end
+
+  def test_sql_injection_via_find
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
+      Topic.find("123456 OR id > 0")
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_column_name_properly_quoted
+    col_record = ColumnName.new
+    col_record.references = 40
+    assert col_record.save
+    col_record.references = 41
+    assert col_record.save
+    assert_not_nil c2 = ColumnName.find(col_record.id)
+    assert_equal(41, c2.references)
+  end
+
+  def test_quoting_arrays
+    replies = Reply.all.merge!(:where => [ "id IN (?)", topics(:first).replies.collect(&:id) ]).to_a
+    assert_equal topics(:first).replies.size, replies.size
+
+    replies = Reply.all.merge!(:where => [ "id IN (?)", [] ]).to_a
+    assert_equal 0, replies.size
+  end
+
+  def test_quote
+    author_name = "\\ \001 ' \n \\n \""
+    topic = Topic.create('author_name' => author_name)
+    assert_equal author_name, Topic.find(topic.id).author_name
+  end
+
+  def test_toggle_attribute
+    assert !topics(:first).approved?
+    topics(:first).toggle!(:approved)
+    assert topics(:first).approved?
+    topic = topics(:first)
+    topic.toggle(:approved)
+    assert !topic.approved?
+    topic.reload
+    assert topic.approved?
+  end
+
+  def test_reload
+    t1 = Topic.find(1)
+    t2 = Topic.find(1)
+    t1.title = "something else"
+    t1.save
+    t2.reload
+    assert_equal t1.title, t2.title
+  end
+
+  def test_reload_with_exclusive_scope
+    dev = DeveloperCalledDavid.first
+    dev.update!(name: "NotDavid" )
+    assert_equal dev, dev.reload
+  end
+
+  def test_switching_between_table_name
+    assert_difference("GoodJoke.count") do
+      Joke.table_name = "cold_jokes"
+      Joke.create
+
+      Joke.table_name = "funny_jokes"
+      Joke.create
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_clear_cash_when_setting_table_name
+    Joke.table_name = "cold_jokes"
+    before_columns = Joke.columns
+    before_seq     = Joke.sequence_name
+
+    Joke.table_name = "funny_jokes"
+    after_columns = Joke.columns
+    after_seq     = Joke.sequence_name
+
+    assert_not_equal before_columns, after_columns
+    assert_not_equal before_seq, after_seq unless before_seq.nil? && after_seq.nil?
+  end
+
+  def test_dont_clear_sequence_name_when_setting_explicitly
+    Joke.sequence_name = "black_jokes_seq"
+    Joke.table_name    = "cold_jokes"
+    before_seq         = Joke.sequence_name
+
+    Joke.table_name    = "funny_jokes"
+    after_seq          = Joke.sequence_name
+
+    assert_equal before_seq, after_seq unless before_seq.nil? && after_seq.nil?
+  ensure
+    Joke.reset_sequence_name
+  end
+
+  def test_dont_clear_inheritance_column_when_setting_explicitly
+    Joke.inheritance_column = "my_type"
+    before_inherit = Joke.inheritance_column
+
+    Joke.reset_column_information
+    after_inherit = Joke.inheritance_column
+
+    assert_equal before_inherit, after_inherit unless before_inherit.blank? && after_inherit.blank?
+  end
+
+  def test_set_table_name_symbol_converted_to_string
+    Joke.table_name = :cold_jokes
+    assert_equal 'cold_jokes', Joke.table_name
+  end
+
+  def test_quoted_table_name_after_set_table_name
+    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+
+    klass.table_name = "foo"
+    assert_equal "foo", klass.table_name
+    assert_equal klass.connection.quote_table_name("foo"), klass.quoted_table_name
+
+    klass.table_name = "bar"
+    assert_equal "bar", klass.table_name
+    assert_equal klass.connection.quote_table_name("bar"), klass.quoted_table_name
+  end
+
+  def test_set_table_name_with_inheritance
+    k = Class.new( ActiveRecord::Base )
+    def k.name; "Foo"; end
+    def k.table_name; super + "ks"; end
+    assert_equal "foosks", k.table_name
+  end
+
+  def test_sequence_name_with_abstract_class
+    ak = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+    ak.abstract_class = true
+    k = Class.new(ak)
+    k.table_name = "projects"
+    orig_name = k.sequence_name
+    skip "sequences not supported by db" unless orig_name
+    assert_equal k.reset_sequence_name, orig_name
+  end
+
+  def test_count_with_join
+    res = Post.count_by_sql "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM posts LEFT JOIN comments ON posts.id=comments.post_id WHERE posts.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post'"
+
+    res2 = Post.where("posts.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post'").joins("LEFT JOIN comments ON posts.id=comments.post_id").count
+    assert_equal res, res2
+
+    res3 = nil
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      res3 = Post.where("posts.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post'").joins("LEFT JOIN comments ON posts.id=comments.post_id").count
+    end
+    assert_equal res, res3
+
+    res4 = Post.count_by_sql "SELECT COUNT(p.id) FROM posts p, comments co WHERE p.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post' AND p.id=co.post_id"
+    res5 = nil
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      res5 = Post.where("p.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post' AND p.id=co.post_id").joins("p, comments co").select("p.id").count
+    end
+
+    assert_equal res4, res5
+
+    res6 = Post.count_by_sql "SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT p.id) FROM posts p, comments co WHERE p.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post' AND p.id=co.post_id"
+    res7 = nil
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      res7 = Post.where("p.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post' AND p.id=co.post_id").joins("p, comments co").select("p.id").distinct.count
+    end
+    assert_equal res6, res7
+  end
+
+  def test_no_limit_offset
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      Developer.all.merge!(:offset => 2).to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_find_last
+    last  = Developer.last
+    assert_equal last, Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'id desc').first
+  end
+
+  def test_last
+    assert_equal Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'id desc').first, Developer.last
+  end
+
+  def test_all
+    developers = Developer.all
+    assert_kind_of ActiveRecord::Relation, developers
+    assert_equal Developer.all, developers
+  end
+
+  def test_all_with_conditions
+    assert_equal Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'id desc').to_a, Developer.order('id desc').to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_find_ordered_last
+    last  = Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'developers.salary ASC').last
+    assert_equal last, Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'developers.salary ASC').to_a.last
+  end
+
+  def test_find_reverse_ordered_last
+    last  = Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'developers.salary DESC').last
+    assert_equal last, Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'developers.salary DESC').to_a.last
+  end
+
+  def test_find_multiple_ordered_last
+    last  = Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'developers.name, developers.salary DESC').last
+    assert_equal last, Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'developers.name, developers.salary DESC').to_a.last
+  end
+
+  def test_find_keeps_multiple_order_values
+    combined = Developer.all.merge!(:order => 'developers.name, developers.salary').to_a
+    assert_equal combined, Developer.all.merge!(:order => ['developers.name', 'developers.salary']).to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_find_keeps_multiple_group_values
+    combined = Developer.all.merge!(:group => 'developers.name, developers.salary, developers.id, developers.created_at, developers.updated_at, developers.created_on, developers.updated_on').to_a
+    assert_equal combined, Developer.all.merge!(:group => ['developers.name', 'developers.salary', 'developers.id', 'developers.created_at', 'developers.updated_at', 'developers.created_on', 'developers.updated_on']).to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_find_symbol_ordered_last
+    last  = Developer.all.merge!(:order => :salary).last
+    assert_equal last, Developer.all.merge!(:order => :salary).to_a.last
+  end
+
+  def test_abstract_class
+    assert !ActiveRecord::Base.abstract_class?
+    assert LoosePerson.abstract_class?
+    assert !LooseDescendant.abstract_class?
+  end
+
+  def test_abstract_class_table_name
+    assert_nil AbstractCompany.table_name
+  end
+
+  def test_descends_from_active_record
+    assert !ActiveRecord::Base.descends_from_active_record?
+
+    # Abstract subclass of AR::Base.
+    assert LoosePerson.descends_from_active_record?
+
+    # Concrete subclass of an abstract class.
+    assert LooseDescendant.descends_from_active_record?
+
+    # Concrete subclass of AR::Base.
+    assert TightPerson.descends_from_active_record?
+
+    # Concrete subclass of a concrete class but has no type column.
+    assert TightDescendant.descends_from_active_record?
+
+    # Concrete subclass of AR::Base.
+    assert Post.descends_from_active_record?
+
+    # Abstract subclass of a concrete class which has a type column.
+    # This is pathological, as you'll never have Sub < Abstract < Concrete.
+    assert !StiPost.descends_from_active_record?
+
+    # Concrete subclasses an abstract class which has a type column.
+    assert !SubStiPost.descends_from_active_record?
+  end
+
+  def test_find_on_abstract_base_class_doesnt_use_type_condition
+    old_class = LooseDescendant
+    Object.send :remove_const, :LooseDescendant
+
+    descendant = old_class.create! :first_name => 'bob'
+    assert_not_nil LoosePerson.find(descendant.id), "Should have found instance of LooseDescendant when finding abstract LoosePerson: #{descendant.inspect}"
+  ensure
+    unless Object.const_defined?(:LooseDescendant)
+      Object.const_set :LooseDescendant, old_class
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_assert_queries
+    query = lambda { ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute 'select count(*) from developers' }
+    assert_queries(2) { 2.times { query.call } }
+    assert_queries 1, &query
+    assert_no_queries { assert true }
+  end
+
+  def test_benchmark_with_log_level
+    original_logger = ActiveRecord::Base.logger
+    log = StringIO.new
+    ActiveRecord::Base.logger = ActiveSupport::Logger.new(log)
+    ActiveRecord::Base.logger.level = Logger::WARN
+    ActiveRecord::Base.benchmark("Debug Topic Count", :level => :debug) { Topic.count }
+    ActiveRecord::Base.benchmark("Warn Topic Count",  :level => :warn)  { Topic.count }
+    ActiveRecord::Base.benchmark("Error Topic Count", :level => :error) { Topic.count }
+    assert_no_match(/Debug Topic Count/, log.string)
+    assert_match(/Warn Topic Count/, log.string)
+    assert_match(/Error Topic Count/, log.string)
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.logger = original_logger
+  end
+
+  def test_benchmark_with_use_silence
+    original_logger = ActiveRecord::Base.logger
+    log = StringIO.new
+    ActiveRecord::Base.logger = ActiveSupport::Logger.new(log)
+    ActiveRecord::Base.benchmark("Logging", :level => :debug, :silence => false)  { ActiveRecord::Base.logger.debug "Quiet" }
+    assert_match(/Quiet/, log.string)
+  ensure
+    ActiveRecord::Base.logger = original_logger
+  end
+
+  def test_compute_type_success
+    assert_equal Author, ActiveRecord::Base.send(:compute_type, 'Author')
+  end
+
+  def test_compute_type_nonexistent_constant
+    e = assert_raises NameError do
+      ActiveRecord::Base.send :compute_type, 'NonexistentModel'
+    end
+    assert_equal 'uninitialized constant ActiveRecord::Base::NonexistentModel', e.message
+    assert_equal 'ActiveRecord::Base::NonexistentModel', e.name
+  end
+
+  def test_compute_type_no_method_error
+    ActiveSupport::Dependencies.stubs(:safe_constantize).raises(NoMethodError)
+    assert_raises NoMethodError do
+      ActiveRecord::Base.send :compute_type, 'InvalidModel'
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_compute_type_on_undefined_method
+    error = nil
+    begin
+      Class.new(Author) do
+        alias_method :foo, :bar
+      end
+    rescue => e
+      error = e
+    end
+
+    ActiveSupport::Dependencies.stubs(:safe_constantize).raises(e)
+
+    exception = assert_raises NameError do
+      ActiveRecord::Base.send :compute_type, 'InvalidModel'
+    end
+    assert_equal error.message, exception.message
+  end
+
+  def test_compute_type_argument_error
+    ActiveSupport::Dependencies.stubs(:safe_constantize).raises(ArgumentError)
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      ActiveRecord::Base.send :compute_type, 'InvalidModel'
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_clear_cache!
+    # preheat cache
+    c1 = Post.connection.schema_cache.columns('posts')
+    ActiveRecord::Base.clear_cache!
+    c2 = Post.connection.schema_cache.columns('posts')
+    c1.each_with_index do |v, i|
+      assert_not_same v, c2[i]
+    end
+    assert_equal c1, c2
+  end
+
+  def test_current_scope_is_reset
+    Object.const_set :UnloadablePost, Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+    UnloadablePost.send(:current_scope=, UnloadablePost.all)
+
+    UnloadablePost.unloadable
+    assert_not_nil ActiveRecord::Scoping::ScopeRegistry.value_for(:current_scope, "UnloadablePost")
+    ActiveSupport::Dependencies.remove_unloadable_constants!
+    assert_nil ActiveRecord::Scoping::ScopeRegistry.value_for(:current_scope, "UnloadablePost")
+  ensure
+    Object.class_eval{ remove_const :UnloadablePost } if defined?(UnloadablePost)
+  end
+
+  def test_marshal_round_trip
+    expected = posts(:welcome)
+    marshalled = Marshal.dump(expected)
+    actual   = Marshal.load(marshalled)
+
+    assert_equal expected.attributes, actual.attributes
+  end
+
+  def test_marshal_new_record_round_trip
+    marshalled = Marshal.dump(Post.new)
+    post       = Marshal.load(marshalled)
+
+    assert post.new_record?, "should be a new record"
+  end
+
+  def test_marshalling_with_associations
+    post = Post.new
+    post.comments.build
+
+    marshalled = Marshal.dump(post)
+    post       = Marshal.load(marshalled)
+
+    assert_equal 1, post.comments.length
+  end
+
+  if Process.respond_to?(:fork) && !in_memory_db?
+    def test_marshal_between_processes
+      # Define a new model to ensure there are no caches
+      if self.class.const_defined?("Post", false)
+        flunk "there should be no post constant"
+      end
+
+      self.class.const_set("Post", Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) {
+        has_many :comments
+      })
+
+      rd, wr = IO.pipe
+      rd.binmode
+      wr.binmode
+
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.clear_all_connections!
+
+      fork do
+        rd.close
+        post = Post.new
+        post.comments.build
+        wr.write Marshal.dump(post)
+        wr.close
+      end
+
+      wr.close
+      assert Marshal.load rd.read
+      rd.close
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_marshalling_new_record_round_trip_with_associations
+    post = Post.new
+    post.comments.build
+
+    post = Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(post))
+
+    assert post.new_record?, "should be a new record"
+  end
+
+  def test_attribute_names
+    assert_equal ["id", "type", "firm_id", "firm_name", "name", "client_of", "rating", "account_id", "description"],
+                 Company.attribute_names
+  end
+
+  def test_attribute_names_on_table_not_exists
+    assert_equal [], NonExistentTable.attribute_names
+  end
+
+  def test_attribute_names_on_abstract_class
+    assert_equal [], AbstractCompany.attribute_names
+  end
+
+  def test_touch_should_raise_error_on_a_new_object
+    company = Company.new(:rating => 1, :name => "37signals", :firm_name => "37signals")
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError) do
+      company.touch :updated_at
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_uniq_delegates_to_scoped
+    scope = stub
+    Bird.stubs(:all).returns(mock(:uniq => scope))
+    assert_equal scope, Bird.uniq
+  end
+
+  def test_distinct_delegates_to_scoped
+    scope = stub
+    Bird.stubs(:all).returns(mock(:distinct => scope))
+    assert_equal scope, Bird.distinct
+  end
+
+  def test_table_name_with_2_abstract_subclasses
+    assert_equal "photos", Photo.table_name
+  end
+
+  def test_column_types_typecast
+    topic = Topic.first
+    assert_not_equal 't.lo', topic.author_name
+
+    attrs = topic.attributes.dup
+    attrs.delete 'id'
+
+    typecast = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Type::Value) {
+      def type_cast value
+        "t.lo"
+      end
+    }
+
+    types = { 'author_name' => typecast.new }
+    topic = Topic.instantiate(attrs, types)
+
+    assert_equal 't.lo', topic.author_name
+  end
+
+  def test_typecasting_aliases
+    assert_equal 10, Topic.select('10 as tenderlove').first.tenderlove
+  end
+
+  def test_slice
+    company = Company.new(:rating => 1, :name => "37signals", :firm_name => "37signals")
+    hash = company.slice(:name, :rating, "arbitrary_method")
+    assert_equal hash[:name], company.name
+    assert_equal hash['name'], company.name
+    assert_equal hash[:rating], company.rating
+    assert_equal hash['arbitrary_method'], company.arbitrary_method
+    assert_equal hash[:arbitrary_method], company.arbitrary_method
+    assert_nil hash[:firm_name]
+    assert_nil hash['firm_name']
+  end
+
+  def test_default_values_are_deeply_dupped
+    company = Company.new
+    company.description << "foo"
+    assert_equal "", Company.new.description
+  end
+
+  test "scoped can take a values hash" do
+    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+    assert_equal ['foo'], klass.all.merge!(select: 'foo').select_values
+  end
+
+  test "connection_handler can be overridden" do
+    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+    orig_handler = klass.connection_handler
+    new_handler = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler.new
+    thread_connection_handler = nil
+
+    t = Thread.new do
+      klass.connection_handler = new_handler
+      thread_connection_handler = klass.connection_handler
+    end
+    t.join
+
+    assert_equal klass.connection_handler, orig_handler
+    assert_equal thread_connection_handler, new_handler
+  end
+
+  test "new threads get default the default connection handler" do
+    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+    orig_handler = klass.connection_handler
+    handler = nil
+
+    t = Thread.new do
+      handler = klass.connection_handler
+    end
+    t.join
+
+    assert_equal handler, orig_handler
+    assert_equal klass.connection_handler, orig_handler
+    assert_equal klass.default_connection_handler, orig_handler
+  end
+
+  test "changing a connection handler in a main thread does not poison the other threads" do
+    klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
+    orig_handler = klass.connection_handler
+    new_handler = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler.new
+    after_handler = nil
+    latch1 = ActiveSupport::Concurrency::Latch.new
+    latch2 = ActiveSupport::Concurrency::Latch.new
+
+    t = Thread.new do
+      klass.connection_handler = new_handler
+      latch1.release
+      latch2.await
+      after_handler = klass.connection_handler
+    end
+
+    latch1.await
+
+    klass.connection_handler = orig_handler
+    latch2.release
+    t.join
+
+    assert_equal after_handler, new_handler
+    assert_equal orig_handler, klass.connection_handler
+  end
+
+  # Note: This is a performance optimization for Array#uniq and Hash#[] with
+  # AR::Base objects. If the future has made this irrelevant, feel free to
+  # delete this.
+  test "records without an id have unique hashes" do
+    assert_not_equal Post.new.hash, Post.new.hash
+  end
+
+  test "resetting column information doesn't remove attribute methods" do
+    topic = topics(:first)
+
+    assert_not topic.id_changed?
+
+    Topic.reset_column_information
+
+    assert_not topic.id_changed?
+  end
+end