i18n-js 3.3.0 → 3.9.2

data/README.md

@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
-# I18n.js
+<p align="center">
+  <img width="250" height="58" src="https://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/raw/main/i18njs.png" alt="i18n.js">
+</p>
 
-[![Gem Version](http://img.shields.io/gem/v/i18n-js.svg?style=flat-square)](http://badge.fury.io/rb/i18n-js)
-[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-yellow.svg?style=flat-square)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+<p align="center">
+  It's a small library to provide the Rails I18n translations on the JavaScript.
+</p>
 
-[![Build Status](http://img.shields.io/travis/fnando/i18n-js.svg?style=flat-square)](https://travis-ci.org/fnando/i18n-js)
-[![Coverage Status](http://img.shields.io/coveralls/fnando/i18n-js.svg?style=flat-square)](https://coveralls.io/r/fnando/i18n-js)
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/actions?query=workflow%3ATests"><img src="https://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/workflows/Tests/badge.svg" alt="Tests"></a>
+  <a href="https://badge.fury.io/rb/i18n-js"><img src="https://img.shields.io/gem/v/i18n-js.svg" alt="Gem Version"></a>
+  <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/i18n-js"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/v/i18n-js.svg" alt="npm"></a>
+  <a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-yellow.svg" alt="License: MIT"></a>
+  <a href="https://coveralls.io/r/fnando/i18n-js"><img src="https://img.shields.io/coveralls/fnando/i18n-js.svg" alt="Coverage Status"></a>
+  <a href="https://gitter.im/fnando/i18n-js"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/gitter-join%20chat-1dce73.svg" alt="Gitter"></a>
+</p>
 
-[![Gitter](https://img.shields.io/badge/gitter-join%20chat-1dce73.svg?style=flat-square)](https://gitter.im/fnando/i18n-js)
-
-It's a small library to provide the Rails I18n translations on the JavaScript.
+---
 
 Features:
 
@@ -20,8 +27,9 @@ Features:
 - Lots more! :)
 
 ## Version Notice
-The `master` branch (including this README) is for latest `3.0.0` instead of `2.x`.
 
+The `main` branch (including this README) is for latest `3.0.0` instead of
+`2.x`.
 
 ## Usage
 
@@ -30,14 +38,31 @@ The `master` branch (including this README) is for latest `3.0.0` instead of `2.
 #### Rails app
 
 Add the gem to your Gemfile.
+
 ```ruby
 gem "i18n-js"
 ```
 
-#### Rails app with [Asset Pipeline](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/asset_pipeline.html)
+#### Rails with [webpacker](https://github.com/rails/webpacker)
+
+If you're using `webpacker`, you may need to add the dependencies to your client
+with:
+
+```
+yarn add i18n-js
+# or, if you're using npm,
+npm install i18n-js
+```
+
+For more details, see:
+- [this gist](https://gist.github.com/bazzel/ecdff4718962e57c2d5569cf01d332fe)
+- https://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/issues/597
+
+#### Rails app with [Asset Pipeline](https://guides.rubyonrails.org/asset_pipeline.html)
 
-If you're using the [asset pipeline](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/asset_pipeline.html),
-then you must add the following line to your `app/assets/javascripts/application.js`.
+If you're using the
+[asset pipeline](https://guides.rubyonrails.org/asset_pipeline.html), then you
+must add the following line to your `app/assets/javascripts/application.js`.
 
 ```javascript
 //
@@ -51,11 +76,11 @@ then you must add the following line to your `app/assets/javascripts/application
 //= require i18n/translations
 ```
 
-#### Rails app without [Asset Pipeline](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/asset_pipeline.html)
+#### Rails app without [Asset Pipeline](https://guides.rubyonrails.org/asset_pipeline.html)
 
+First, put this in your `application.html` (layout file). Then get the JS files
+following the instructions below.
 
-First, put this in your `application.html` (layout file).
-Then get the JS files following the instructions below.
 ```erb
 <%# This is just an example, you can put `i18n.js` and `translations.js` anywhere you like %>
 <%# Unlike the Asset Pipeline example, you need to require both **in order** %>
@@ -63,55 +88,66 @@ Then get the JS files following the instructions below.
 <%= javascript_include_tag "translations", skip_pipeline: true %>
 ```
 
-**There are two ways to get `translations.js` (For Rails app without Asset Pipeline).**
-
-1. This `translations.js` file can be automatically generated by the `I18n::JS::Middleware`.
-  Just add `config.middleware.use I18n::JS::Middleware` to your `config/application.rb` file.
-2. If you can't or prefer not to generate this file,
-  you can move the middleware line to your `config/environments/development.rb` file
-  and run `rake i18n:js:export` before deploying.
-  This will export all translation files, including the custom scopes
-  you may have defined on `config/i18n-js.yml`.
-  If `I18n.available_locales` is set (e.g. in your Rails `config/application.rb` file)
-  then only the specified locales will be exported.
-  Current version of `i18n.js` will also be exported to avoid version mismatching by downloading.
+**There are two ways to get `translations.js` (For Rails app without Asset
+Pipeline).**
+
+1. This `translations.js` file can be automatically generated by the
+   `I18n::JS::Middleware`. Just add `config.middleware.use I18n::JS::Middleware`
+   to your `config/application.rb` file.
+2. If you can't or prefer not to generate this file, you can move the middleware
+   line to your `config/environments/development.rb` file and run
+   `rake i18n:js:export` before deploying. This will export all translation
+   files, including the custom scopes you may have defined on
+   `config/i18n-js.yml`. If `I18n.available_locales` is set (e.g. in your Rails
+   `config/application.rb` file) then only the specified locales will be
+   exported. Current version of `i18n.js` will also be exported to avoid version
+   mismatching by downloading.
 
 #### Export Configuration (For translations)
 
-Exported translation files generated by `I18n::JS::Middleware` or `rake i18n:js:export` can be customized with config file `config/i18n-js.yml`
-(use `rails generate i18n:js:config` to create it).
-You can even get more files generated to different folders and with different translations to best suit your needs.
-The config file also affects developers using Asset Pipeline to require translations.
-Except the option `file`, since all translations are required by adding `//= require i18n/translations`.
+Exported translation files generated by `I18n::JS::Middleware` or
+`rake i18n:js:export` can be customized with config file `config/i18n-js.yml`
+(use `rails generate i18n:js:config` to create it). You can even get more files
+generated to different folders and with different translations to best suit your
+needs. The config file also affects developers using Asset Pipeline to require
+translations. Except the option `file`, since all translations are required by
+adding `//= require i18n/translations`.
 
 Examples:
+
 ```yaml
 translations:
-- file: 'public/javascripts/path-to-your-messages-file.js'
-  only: '*.date.formats'
-- file: 'public/javascripts/path-to-your-second-file.js'
-  only: ['*.activerecord', '*.admin.*.title']
+  - file: "public/javascripts/path-to-your-messages-file.js"
+    only: "*.date.formats"
+  - file: "public/javascripts/path-to-your-second-file.js"
+    only: ["*.activerecord", "*.admin.*.title"]
 ```
 
-If `only` is omitted all the translations will be saved. Also, make sure you add that initial `*`; it specifies that all languages will be exported. If you want to export only one language, you can do something like this:
+If `only` is omitted all the translations will be saved. Also, make sure you add
+that initial `*`; it specifies that all languages will be exported. If you want
+to export only one language, you can do something like this:
+
 ```yaml
 translations:
-- file: 'public/javascripts/en.js'
-  only: 'en.*'
-- file: 'public/javascripts/pt-BR.js'
-  only: 'pt-BR.*'
+  - file: "public/javascripts/en.js"
+    only: "en.*"
+  - file: "public/javascripts/pt-BR.js"
+    only: "pt-BR.*"
 ```
 
-Optionally, you can auto generate a translation file per available locale if you specify the `%{locale}` placeholder.
+Optionally, you can auto generate a translation file per available locale if you
+specify the `%{locale}` placeholder.
+
 ```yaml
 translations:
-- file: "public/javascripts/i18n/%{locale}.js"
-  only: '*'
-- file: "public/javascripts/frontend/i18n/%{locale}.js"
-  only: ['*.frontend', '*.users.*']
+  - file: "public/javascripts/i18n/%{locale}.js"
+    only: "*"
+  - file: "public/javascripts/frontend/i18n/%{locale}.js"
+    only: ["*.frontend", "*.users.*"]
 ```
 
 You can also include ERB in your config file.
+
 ```yaml
 translations:
 <% Widgets.each do |widget| %>
@@ -120,39 +156,37 @@ translations:
 <% end %>
 ```
 
-You are able to exclude certain phrases or whole groups of phrases by
-specifying the YAML key(s) in the `except` configuration option. The outputted
-JS translations file (exported or generated by the middleware) will omit any
-keys listed in `except` configuration param:
+You are able to exclude certain phrases or whole groups of phrases by specifying
+the YAML key(s) in the `except` configuration option. The outputted JS
+translations file (exported or generated by the middleware) will omit any keys
+listed in `except` configuration param:
 
 ```yaml
 translations:
-  - except: ['*.active_admin', '*.ransack', '*.activerecord.errors']
+  - except: ["*.active_admin", "*.ransack", "*.activerecord.errors"]
 ```
 
-
 #### Export Configuration (For other things)
 
-- `I18n::JS.config_file_path`
-  Expected Type: `String`
-  Default: `config/i18n-js.yml`
-  Behaviour: Try to read the config file from that location
+- `I18n::JS.config_file_path` Expected Type: `String` Default:
+  `config/i18n-js.yml` Behaviour: Try to read the config file from that location
 
-- `I18n::JS.export_i18n_js_dir_path`
-  Expected Type: `String`
-  Default: `public/javascripts`
-  Behaviour:
-  - Any `String`: considered as a relative path for a folder to `Rails.root` and export `i18n.js` to that folder for `rake i18n:js:export`
+- `I18n::JS.export_i18n_js_dir_path` Expected Type: `String` Default:
+  `public/javascripts` Behaviour:
+
+  - Any `String`: considered as a relative path for a folder to `Rails.root` and
+    export `i18n.js` to that folder for `rake i18n:js:export`
   - Any non-`String` (`nil`, `false`, `:none`, etc): Disable `i18n.js` exporting
 
-- `I18n::JS.sort_translation_keys`
-  Expected Type: `Boolean`
-  Default: `true`
+- `I18n::JS.sort_translation_keys` Expected Type: `Boolean` Default: `true`
   Behaviour:
-  - Sets whether or not to deep sort all translation keys in order to generate identical output for the same translations
+
+  - Sets whether or not to deep sort all translation keys in order to generate
+    identical output for the same translations
   - Set to true to ensure identical asset fingerprints for the asset pipeline
 
-- You may also set `export_i18n_js` and `sort_translation_keys` in your config file, e.g.:
+- You may also set `export_i18n_js` and `sort_translation_keys` in your config
+  file, e.g.:
 
 ```yaml
 export_i18n_js: false
@@ -165,21 +199,24 @@ translations:
   - ...
 ```
 
-To find more examples on how to use the configuration file please refer to the tests.
+To find more examples on how to use the configuration file please refer to the
+tests.
 
 #### Fallbacks
 
-If you specify the `fallbacks` option, you will be able to fill missing translations with those inside fallback locale(s).
-Default value is `true`.
+If you specify the `fallbacks` option, you will be able to fill missing
+translations with those inside fallback locale(s). Default value is `true`.
 
 Examples:
+
 ```yaml
 fallbacks: true
 
 translations:
-- file: "public/javascripts/i18n/%{locale}.js"
-  only: '*'
+  - file: "public/javascripts/i18n/%{locale}.js"
+    only: "*"
 ```
+
 This will enable merging fallbacks into each file. (set to `false` to disable).
 If you use `I18n` with fallbacks, the fallbacks defined there will be used.
 Otherwise `I18n.default_locale` will be used.
@@ -188,9 +225,10 @@ Otherwise `I18n.default_locale` will be used.
 fallbacks: :de
 
 translations:
-- file: "public/javascripts/i18n/%{locale}.js"
-  only: '*'
+  - file: "public/javascripts/i18n/%{locale}.js"
+    only: "*"
 ```
+
 Here, the specified locale `:de` will be used as fallback for all locales.
 
 ```yaml
@@ -199,42 +237,60 @@ fallbacks:
   de: "en"
 
 translations:
-- file: "public/javascripts/i18n/%{locale}.js"
-  only: '*'
+  - file: "public/javascripts/i18n/%{locale}.js"
+    only: "*"
 ```
-Fallbacks defined will be used, if not defined (e.g. `:pl`) `I18n.fallbacks` or `I18n.default_locale` will be used.
+
+Fallbacks defined will be used, if not defined (e.g. `:pl`) `I18n.fallbacks` or
+`I18n.default_locale` will be used.
 
 ```yaml
 fallbacks: :default_locale
 
 translations:
-- file: "public/javascripts/i18n/%{locale}.js"
-  only: '*'
+  - file: "public/javascripts/i18n/%{locale}.js"
+    only: "*"
 ```
-Setting the option to `:default_locale` will enforce the fallback to use the `I18n.default_locale`, ignoring `I18n.fallbacks`.
+
+Setting the option to `:default_locale` will enforce the fallback to use the
+`I18n.default_locale`, ignoring `I18n.fallbacks`.
 
 Examples:
+
 ```yaml
 fallbacks: false
 
 translations:
-- file: "public/javascripts/i18n/%{locale}.js"
-  only: '*'
+  - file: "public/javascripts/i18n/%{locale}.js"
+    only: "*"
 ```
+
 You must disable this feature by setting the option to `false`.
 
-To find more examples on how to use the configuration file please refer to the tests.
+To find more examples on how to use the configuration file please refer to the
+tests.
+
+#### Available locales
 
+By specifying option `js_available_locales` with a list of locales, this list
+would be used instead of default `I18n.available_locales` to generate translations.
+
+Example:
+
+```yaml
+js_available_locales: ["de", "en"]
+```
 
 #### Namespace
 
-Setting the `namespace` option will change the namespace of the output Javascript file to something other than `I18n`.
-This can be useful in no-conflict scenarios. Example:
+Setting the `namespace` option will change the namespace of the output
+Javascript file to something other than `I18n`. This can be useful in
+no-conflict scenarios. Example:
 
 ```yaml
 translations:
-- file: "public/javascripts/i18n/translations.js"
-  namespace: "MyNamespace"
+  - file: "public/javascripts/i18n/translations.js"
+    namespace: "MyNamespace"
 ```
 
 will create:
@@ -244,43 +300,67 @@ MyNamespace.translations || (MyNamespace.translations = {});
 MyNamespace.translations["en"] = { ... }
 ```
 
+### Adding prefix & suffix to the translations file(s)
 
-#### Pretty Print
+Setting the `prefix: "import I18n from 'i18n-js';\n"` option will add the line
+at the beginning of the resultant translation file. This can be useful to use
+this gem with the [i18n-js](https://www.npmjs.com/package/i18n-js) npm package,
+which is quite useful to use it with webpack. The user should provide the
+semi-colon and the newline character if needed.
 
-Set the `pretty_print` option if you would like whitespace and indentation in your output file (default: false)
+For example:
 
 ```yaml
 translations:
-- file: "public/javascripts/i18n/translations.js"
-  pretty_print: true
+  - file: "public/javascripts/i18n/translations.js"
+    prefix: "import I18n from 'i18n-js';\n"
 ```
 
+will create:
 
-#### Javascript Deep Merge (:js_extend option)
+```
+import I18n from 'i18n-js';
+I18n.translations || (I18n.translations = {});
+```
 
-By default, the output file Javascript will call the `I18n.extend` method to ensure that newly loaded locale
-files are deep-merged with any locale data already in memory. To disable this either globally or per-file,
-set the `js_extend` option to false
+`suffix` option is added in https://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/pull/561.  
+It's similar to `prefix` so won't explain it in details.
+
+#### Pretty Print
+
+Set the `pretty_print` option if you would like whitespace and indentation in
+your output file (default: false)
 
 ```yaml
-js_extend: false  # this will disable Javascript I18n.extend globally
 translations:
-- file: "public/javascripts/i18n/translations.js"
-  js_extend: false  # this will disable Javascript I18n.extend for this file
+  - file: "public/javascripts/i18n/translations.js"
+    pretty_print: true
 ```
 
+#### Javascript Deep Merge (:js_extend option)
 
-#### Vanilla JavaScript
+By default, the output file Javascript will call the `I18n.extend` method to
+ensure that newly loaded locale files are deep-merged with any locale data
+already in memory. To disable this either globally or per-file, set the
+`js_extend` option to false
 
-Just add the `i18n.js` file to your page. You'll have to build the translations object
-by hand or using your favorite programming language. More info below.
+```yaml
+js_extend: false # this will disable Javascript I18n.extend globally
+translations:
+  - file: "public/javascripts/i18n/translations.js"
+    js_extend: false # this will disable Javascript I18n.extend for this file
+```
 
+#### Vanilla JavaScript
+
+Just add the `i18n.js` file to your page. You'll have to build the translations
+object by hand or using your favorite programming language. More info below.
 
 #### Via NPM with webpack and CommonJS
 
+Add the following line to your package.json dependencies where version is the
+version you want:
 
-Add the following line to your package.json dependencies  
-where version is the version you want  
 ```javascript
 "i18n-js": "{version_constraint}"
 
@@ -288,17 +368,21 @@ where version is the version you want
 // npm install requires it to be the gzipped tarball, see [npm install](https://www.npmjs.org/doc/cli/npm-install.html)
 "i18n-js": "https://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/archive/{tag_name_or_branch_name_or_commit_sha}.tar.gz"
 ```
+
 Run npm install then use via
+
 ```javascript
 var i18n = require("i18n-js");
 ```
 
-
 ### Setting up
 
-You **don't** need to set up a thing. The default settings will work just okay. But if you want to split translations into several files or specify specific contexts, you can follow the rest of this setting up section.
+You **don't** need to set up a thing. The default settings will work just okay.
+But if you want to split translations into several files or specify contexts,
+you can follow the rest of this setting up section.
 
 Set your locale is easy as
+
 ```javascript
 I18n.defaultLocale = "pt-BR";
 I18n.locale = "pt-BR";
@@ -306,9 +390,11 @@ I18n.currentLocale();
 // pt-BR
 ```
 
-**NOTE:** You can now apply your configuration **before I18n** is loaded like this:
+**NOTE:** You can now apply your configuration **before I18n** is loaded like
+this:
+
 ```javascript
-I18n = {} // You must define this object in top namespace, which should be `window`
+I18n = {}; // You must define this object in top namespace, which should be `window`
 I18n.defaultLocale = "pt-BR";
 I18n.locale = "pt-BR";
 
@@ -318,7 +404,8 @@ I18n.currentLocale();
 // pt-BR
 ```
 
-In practice, you'll have something like the following in your `application.html.erb`:
+In practice, you'll have something like the following in your
+`application.html.erb`:
 
 ```erb
 <script type="text/javascript">
@@ -332,7 +419,7 @@ You can use translate your messages:
 ```javascript
 I18n.t("some.scoped.translation");
 // or translate with explicit setting of locale
-I18n.t("some.scoped.translation", {locale: "fr"});
+I18n.t("some.scoped.translation", { locale: "fr" });
 ```
 
 You can also interpolate values:
@@ -340,36 +427,38 @@ You can also interpolate values:
 ```javascript
 // You need the `translations` object setup first
 I18n.translations["en"] = {
-  greeting: "Hello %{name}"
-}
+  greeting: "Hello %{name}",
+};
 
-I18n.t("greeting", {name: "John Doe"});
+I18n.t("greeting", { name: "John Doe" });
 ```
+
 You can set default values for missing scopes:
+
 ```javascript
 // simple translation
-I18n.t("some.missing.scope", {defaultValue: "A default message"});
+I18n.t("some.missing.scope", { defaultValue: "A default message" });
 
 // with interpolation
-I18n.t("noun", {defaultValue: "I'm a {{noun}}", noun: "Mac"});
+I18n.t("noun", { defaultValue: "I'm a {{noun}}", noun: "Mac" });
 ```
 
 You can also provide a list of default fallbacks for missing scopes:
 
 ```javascript
 // As a scope
-I18n.t("some.missing.scope", {defaults: [{scope: "some.existing.scope"}]});
+I18n.t("some.missing.scope", { defaults: [{ scope: "some.existing.scope" }] });
 
 // As a simple translation
-I18n.t("some.missing.scope", {defaults: [{message: "Some message"}]});
+I18n.t("some.missing.scope", { defaults: [{ message: "Some message" }] });
 ```
 
-Default values must be provided as an array of hashs where the key is the
-type of translation desired, a `scope` or a `message`. The translation returned
-will be either the first scope recognized, or the first message defined.
+Default values must be provided as an array of hashes where the key is the type
+of translation desired, a `scope` or a `message`. The translation returned will
+be either the first scope recognized, or the first message defined.
 
-The translation will fallback to the `defaultValue` translation if no scope
-in `defaults` matches and if no default of type `message` is found.
+The translation will fallback to the `defaultValue` translation if no scope in
+`defaults` matches and if no default of type `message` is found.
 
 Translation fallback can be enabled by enabling the `I18n.fallbacks` option:
 
@@ -379,9 +468,9 @@ Translation fallback can be enabled by enabling the `I18n.fallbacks` option:
 </script>
 ```
 
-By default missing translations will first be looked for in less
-specific versions of the requested locale and if that fails by taking
-them from your `I18n.defaultLocale`.
+By default missing translations will first be looked for in less specific
+versions of the requested locale and if that fails by taking them from your
+`I18n.defaultLocale`.
 
 ```javascript
 // if I18n.defaultLocale = "en" and translation doesn't exist
@@ -390,24 +479,28 @@ them from your `I18n.defaultLocale`.
 I18n.t("some.missing.scope");
 ```
 
-Custom fallback rules can also be specified for a particular language. There
-are three different ways of doing it so:
+Custom fallback rules can also be specified for a particular language. There are
+three different ways of doing it so:
 
 ```javascript
 I18n.locales.no = ["nb", "en"];
 I18n.locales.no = "nb";
-I18n.locales.no = function(locale){ return ["nb"]; };
+I18n.locales.no = function (locale) {
+  return ["nb"];
+};
 ```
 
+### Translation Missing Behaviour Control
+
 By default a missing translation will be displayed as
 
     [missing "name of scope" translation]
 
-While you are developing or if you do not want to provide a translation
-in the default language you can set
+While you are developing or if you do not want to provide a translation in the
+default language you can set
 
 ```javascript
-I18n.missingBehaviour='guess';
+I18n.missingBehaviour = "guess";
 ```
 
 this will take the last section of your scope and guess the intended value.
@@ -417,28 +510,49 @@ Camel case becomes lower cased text and underscores are replaced with space
 
 becomes "what is your favorite Christmas present"
 
-In order to still detect untranslated strings, you can
-i18n.missingTranslationPrefix to something like:
+#### Option `missingTranslationPrefix`
+
+In order to still detect untranslated strings, you can set
+`I18n.missingTranslationPrefix` to something like:
+
 ```javascript
-I18n.missingTranslationPrefix = 'EE: ';
+I18n.missingTranslationPrefix = "EE: ";
 ```
 
 And result will be:
+
 ```javascript
-"EE: what is your favorite Christmas present"
+"EE: what is your favorite Christmas present";
+
 ```
 
 This will help you doing automated tests against your localisation assets.
 
-Some people prefer returning `null` for missing translation:
+#### Customize return when translation entry missing
+
+Some people prefer returning `null`/`undefined` for missing translation:
+
 ```javascript
-I18n.missingTranslation = function () { return undefined; };
+I18n.missingTranslation = function (scope, options) {
+  return undefined;
+};
 ```
 
+### Option `defaultSeparator` (global) / `separator` (local)
+
+Default separator of translation key is `.` (dot)
+Meaning `I18n.t("scope.entry")` would search for translation entry `I18n.translations[locale].scope.entry`
+Using a different separator can be done either globally or locally.
+
+Globally: `I18n.defaultSeparator = newSeparator`
+Locally: `I18n.t("full_sentences|Server Busy. Please retry later", {separator: '|'})`
+
+### Pluralization
+
 Pluralization is possible as well and by default provides English rules:
 
 ```javascript
-I18n.t("inbox.counting", {count: 10}); // You have 10 messages
+I18n.t("inbox.counting", { count: 10 }); // You have 10 messages
 ```
 
 The sample above expects the following translation:
@@ -454,21 +568,34 @@ en:
 
 **NOTE:** Rails I18n recognizes the `zero` option.
 
-If you need special rules just define them for your language, for example Russian, just add a new pluralizer:
+If you need special rules just define them for your language, for example
+Russian, just add a new pluralizer:
 
 ```javascript
 I18n.pluralization["ru"] = function (count) {
-  var key = count % 10 == 1 && count % 100 != 11 ? "one" : [2, 3, 4].indexOf(count % 10) >= 0 && [12, 13, 14].indexOf(count % 100) < 0 ? "few" : count % 10 == 0 || [5, 6, 7, 8, 9].indexOf(count % 10) >= 0 || [11, 12, 13, 14].indexOf(count % 100) >= 0 ? "many" : "other";
+  var key =
+    count % 10 == 1 && count % 100 != 11
+      ? "one"
+      : [2, 3, 4].indexOf(count % 10) >= 0 &&
+        [12, 13, 14].indexOf(count % 100) < 0
+      ? "few"
+      : count % 10 == 0 ||
+        [5, 6, 7, 8, 9].indexOf(count % 10) >= 0 ||
+        [11, 12, 13, 14].indexOf(count % 100) >= 0
+      ? "many"
+      : "other";
   return [key];
 };
 ```
 
-You can find all rules on <http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/latest/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html>.
+You can find all rules on
+<https://unicode-org.github.io/cldr-staging/charts/37/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html>.
 
-If you're using the same scope over and over again, you may use the `scope` option.
+If you're using the same scope over and over again, you may use the `scope`
+option.
 
 ```javascript
-var options = {scope: "activerecord.attributes.user"};
+var options = { scope: "activerecord.attributes.user" };
 
 I18n.t("name", options);
 I18n.t("email", options);
@@ -497,14 +624,13 @@ I18n.l("percentage", 123.45);
 // 123.450%
 ```
 
-To have more control over number formatting, you can use the
-`I18n.toNumber`, `I18n.toPercentage`, `I18n.toCurrency` and `I18n.toHumanSize`
-functions.
+To have more control over number formatting, you can use the `I18n.toNumber`,
+`I18n.toPercentage`, `I18n.toCurrency` and `I18n.toHumanSize` functions.
 
 ```javascript
-I18n.toNumber(1000);     // 1,000.000
-I18n.toCurrency(1000);   // $1,000.00
-I18n.toPercentage(100);  // 100.000%
+I18n.toNumber(1000); // 1,000.000
+I18n.toCurrency(1000); // $1,000.00
+I18n.toPercentage(100); // 100.000%
 ```
 
 The `toNumber` and `toPercentage` functions accept the following options:
@@ -517,9 +643,9 @@ The `toNumber` and `toPercentage` functions accept the following options:
 See some number formatting examples:
 
 ```javascript
-I18n.toNumber(1000, {precision: 0});                   // 1,000
-I18n.toNumber(1000, {delimiter: ".", separator: ","}); // 1.000,000
-I18n.toNumber(1000, {delimiter: ".", precision: 0});   // 1.000
+I18n.toNumber(1000, { precision: 0 }); // 1,000
+I18n.toNumber(1000, { delimiter: ".", separator: "," }); // 1.000,000
+I18n.toNumber(1000, { delimiter: ".", precision: 0 }); // 1.000
 ```
 
 The `toCurrency` function accepts the following options:
@@ -535,7 +661,7 @@ The `toCurrency` function accepts the following options:
 You can provide only the options you want to override:
 
 ```javascript
-I18n.toCurrency(1000, {precision: 0}); // $1,000
+I18n.toCurrency(1000, { precision: 0 }); // $1,000
 ```
 
 The `toHumanSize` function accepts the following options:
@@ -545,6 +671,7 @@ The `toHumanSize` function accepts the following options:
 - `delimiter`: defaults to `""`
 - `strip_insignificant_zeros`: defaults to `false`
 - `format`: defaults to `%n%u`
+- `scope`: defaults to `""`
 
 <!---->
 
@@ -553,18 +680,17 @@ I18n.toHumanSize(1234); // 1KB
 I18n.toHumanSize(1234 * 1024); // 1MB
 ```
 
-
 #### Date formatting
 
 ```javascript
 // accepted formats
-I18n.l("date.formats.short", "2009-09-18");           // yyyy-mm-dd
-I18n.l("time.formats.short", "2009-09-18 23:12:43");  // yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss
-I18n.l("time.formats.short", "2009-11-09T18:10:34");  // JSON format with local Timezone (part of ISO-8601)
+I18n.l("date.formats.short", "2009-09-18"); // yyyy-mm-dd
+I18n.l("time.formats.short", "2009-09-18 23:12:43"); // yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss
+I18n.l("time.formats.short", "2009-11-09T18:10:34"); // JSON format with local Timezone (part of ISO-8601)
 I18n.l("time.formats.short", "2009-11-09T18:10:34Z"); // JSON format in UTC (part of ISO-8601)
-I18n.l("date.formats.short", 1251862029000);          // Epoch time
-I18n.l("date.formats.short", "09/18/2009");           // mm/dd/yyyy
-I18n.l("date.formats.short", (new Date()));           // Date object
+I18n.l("date.formats.short", 1251862029000); // Epoch time
+I18n.l("date.formats.short", "09/18/2009"); // mm/dd/yyyy
+I18n.l("date.formats.short", new Date()); // Date object
 ```
 
 You can also add placeholders to the date format:
@@ -573,14 +699,16 @@ You can also add placeholders to the date format:
 I18n.translations["en"] = {
   date: {
     formats: {
-      ordinal_day: "%B %{day}"
-    }
-  }
-}
-I18n.l("date.formats.ordinal_day", "2009-09-18", { day: '18th' }); // Sep 18th
+      ordinal_day: "%B %{day}",
+    },
+  },
+};
+
+I18n.l("date.formats.ordinal_day", "2009-09-18", { day: "18th" }); // Sep 18th
 ```
 
-If you prefer, you can use the `I18n.toTime` and `I18n.strftime` functions to format dates.
+If you prefer, you can use the `I18n.toTime` and `I18n.strftime` functions to
+format dates.
 
 ```javascript
 var date = new Date();
@@ -599,7 +727,7 @@ The accepted formats for `I18n.strftime` are:
     %d     - Day of the month (01..31)
     %-d    - Day of the month (1..31)
     %H     - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock (00..23)
-    %-H    - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock (0..23)
+    %-H/%k - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock (0..23)
     %I     - Hour of the day, 12-hour clock (01..12)
     %-I/%l - Hour of the day, 12-hour clock (1..12)
     %m     - Month of the year (01..12)
@@ -619,8 +747,10 @@ The accepted formats for `I18n.strftime` are:
 Check out `spec/*.spec.js` files for more examples!
 
 #### Using pluralization and number formatting together
-Sometimes you might want to display translation with formatted number, like adding thousand delimiters to displayed number  
-You can do this:  
+
+Sometimes you might want to display translation with formatted number, like
+adding thousand delimiters to displayed number You can do this:
+
 ```json
 {
   "en": {
@@ -632,153 +762,176 @@ You can do this:
   }
 }
 ```
+
 ```js
 var point_in_number = 1000;
-I18n.t('point', { count: point_in_number, formatted_number: I18n.toNumber(point_in_number) });
+I18n.t("point", {
+  count: point_in_number,
+  formatted_number: I18n.toNumber(point_in_number),
+});
 ```
-Output should be `1,000 points`
 
+Output should be `1,000 points`
 
 ## Using multiple exported translation files on a page.
-This method is useful for very large apps where a single contained translations.js file is not desirable. Examples would be a global translations file and a more specific route translation file.
+
+This method is useful for very large apps where a single contained
+translations.js file is not desirable. Examples would be a global translations
+file and a more specific route translation file.
 
 ### Rails without asset pipeline
-1. Setup your `config/i18n-js.yml` to have multiple files and try to minimize any overlap.
-
-  ```yaml
-  sort_translation_keys: true
-  fallbacks: false
-
-  translations:
-    + file: "app/assets/javascript/nls/welcome.js"
-      only:
-        + '*.welcome.*'
-
-    + file: "app/assets/javascript/nls/albums.js"
-      only:
-        + '*.albums.*'
-
-    + file: "app/assets/javascript/nls/global.js"
-      only:
-        + '*'
-      # Exempt any routes specific translations from being
-      # included in the global translation file
-      except:
-        + '*.welcome.*'
-        + '*.albums.*'
-  ```
-  When `rake i18n:js:export` is executed it will create 3 translations files that can be loaded via the `javascript_include_tag`
-
-2. Add the `javascript_include_tag` to your layout and to any route specific files that will require it.
-  ```ruby
-    # views/layouts/application.html.erb
-    <%= javascript_include_tag(
-          "i18n"
-          "nls/global"
-        ) %>
-  ```
-  and in the route specific
-
-  ```ruby
-    # views/welcome/index.html.erb
-    <%= javascript_include_tag(
-          "nls/welcome"
-        ) %>
-  ```
+
+1. Setup your `config/i18n-js.yml` to have multiple files and try to minimize
+   any overlap.
+
+```yaml
+sort_translation_keys: true
+fallbacks: false
+
+translations:
+  + file: "app/assets/javascript/nls/welcome.js"
+    only:
+      + '*.welcome.*'
+
+  + file: "app/assets/javascript/nls/albums.js"
+    only:
+      + '*.albums.*'
+
+  + file: "app/assets/javascript/nls/global.js"
+    only:
+      + '*'
+    # Exempt any routes specific translations from being
+    # included in the global translation file
+    except:
+      + '*.welcome.*'
+      + '*.albums.*'
+```
+
+When `rake i18n:js:export` is executed it will create 3 translations files that
+can be loaded via the `javascript_include_tag`
+
+2. Add the `javascript_include_tag` to your layout and to any route specific
+   files that will require it.
+
+```ruby
+  # views/layouts/application.html.erb
+  <%= javascript_include_tag(
+        "i18n"
+        "nls/global"
+      ) %>
+```
+
+and in the route specific
+
+```ruby
+  # views/welcome/index.html.erb
+  <%= javascript_include_tag(
+        "nls/welcome"
+      ) %>
+```
 
 3. Make sure that you add these files to your `config/application.rb`
 
-  ```ruby
-    config.assets.precompile += %w(
-      i18n
-      nls/*
-    )
-  ```
+```ruby
+  config.assets.precompile += %w(
+    i18n
+    nls/*
+  )
+```
 
 ### Using require.js / r.js
 
 To use this with require.js we are only going to change a few things from above.
 
-1. In your `config/i18n-js.yml` we need to add a better location for the i18n to be exported. You want to use this location so that it can be properly precompiled by r.js.
-
-  ```yaml
-  export_i18n_js: "app/assets/javascript/nls"
-  ```
-
-2. In your `config/require.yml` we need to add a map, shim all the translations, and include them into the appropriate modules
-
-  ```yaml
-  # In your maps add (if you do not have this you will need to add it)
-  map:
-    '*':
-      i18n: 'nls/i18n'
-
-  # In your shims
-  shims:
-    nls/welcome:
-      deps:
-        + i18n
-
-    nls/global:
-      deps:
-        + i18n
-
-  # Finally in your modules
-  modules:
-    + name: 'application'
-      include:
-        + i18n
-        + 'nls/global'
-
-    + name: 'welcome'
-      exclude:
-        + application
-      include:
-        + 'nls/welcome'
-  ```
-3. When `rake assets:precompile` is executed it will optimize the translations into the correct modules so they are loaded with their assigned module, and loading them with requirejs is as simple as requiring any other shim.
-
-  ```javascript
-  define(['welcome/other_asset','nls/welcome'], function (otherAsset){
-      // ...
-  });
-  ```
-4. (optional) As an additional configuration we can make a task to be run before the requirejs optimizer. This will allow any automated scripts that run the requirejs optimizer to export the strings before we run r.js
-
-  ```rake
-  # lib/tasks/i18n.rake
-  Rake::Task[:'i18n:js:export'].prerequisites.clear
-  task :'i18n:js:export' => :'i18n:js:before_export'
-  task :'requirejs:precompile:external' => :'i18n:js:export'
-
-  namespace :i18n do
-    namespace :js do
-      task :before_export => :'assets:environment' do
-        I18n.load_path += Dir[Rails.root.join('config', 'locales', '*.{yml,rb}')]
-        I18n.backend.load_translations
-      end
+1. In your `config/i18n-js.yml` we need to add a better location for the i18n to
+   be exported to. You want to use this location so that it can be properly
+   precompiled by r.js.
+
+```yaml
+export_i18n_js: "app/assets/javascript/nls"
+```
+
+2. In your `config/require.yml` we need to add a map, shim all the translations,
+   and include them into the appropriate modules
+
+```yaml
+# In your maps add (if you do not have this you will need to add it)
+map:
+  '*':
+    i18n: 'nls/i18n'
+
+# In your shims
+shims:
+  nls/welcome:
+    deps:
+      + i18n
+
+  nls/global:
+    deps:
+      + i18n
+
+# Finally in your modules
+modules:
+  + name: 'application'
+    include:
+      + i18n
+      + 'nls/global'
+
+  + name: 'welcome'
+    exclude:
+      + application
+    include:
+      + 'nls/welcome'
+```
+
+3. When `rake assets:precompile` is executed it will optimize the translations
+   into the correct modules so they are loaded with their assigned module, and
+   loading them with requirejs is as simple as requiring any other shim.
+
+```javascript
+define(["welcome/other_asset", "nls/welcome"], function (otherAsset) {
+  // ...
+});
+```
+
+4. (optional) As an additional configuration we can make a task to be run before
+   the requirejs optimizer. This will allow any automated scripts that run the
+   requirejs optimizer to export the strings before we run r.js.
+
+```rake
+# lib/tasks/i18n.rake
+Rake::Task[:'i18n:js:export'].prerequisites.clear
+task :'i18n:js:export' => :'i18n:js:before_export'
+task :'requirejs:precompile:external' => :'i18n:js:export'
+
+namespace :i18n do
+  namespace :js do
+    task :before_export => :'assets:environment' do
+      I18n.load_path += Dir[Rails.root.join('config', 'locales', '*.{yml,rb}')]
+      I18n.backend.load_translations
     end
   end
-  ```
+end
+```
 
 ## Using I18n.js with other languages (Python, PHP, ...)
 
-The JavaScript library is language agnostic; so you can use it with PHP, Python, [your favorite language here].
-The only requirement is that you need to set the `translations` attribute like following:
+The JavaScript library is language agnostic; so you can use it with PHP, Python,
+[your favorite language here]. The only requirement is that you need to set the
+`translations` attribute like following:
 
 ```javascript
 I18n.translations = {};
 
 I18n.translations["en"] = {
-  message: "Some special message for you"
-}
+  message: "Some special message for you",
+};
 
 I18n.translations["pt-BR"] = {
-  message: "Uma mensagem especial para você"
-}
+  message: "Uma mensagem especial para você",
+};
 ```
 
-
 ## Known Issues
 
 ### Missing translations in precompiled file(s) after adding any new locale file
@@ -786,66 +939,83 @@ I18n.translations["pt-BR"] = {
 Due to the design of `sprockets`:
 
 - `depend_on` only takes file paths, not directory paths
-- registered `preprocessors` are only run when the fingerprint of any asset file, including `.erb` files, is changed
+- registered `preprocessors` are only run when the fingerprint of any asset
+  file, including `.erb` files, is changed
+
+This means that new locale files will not be detected, and so they will not
+trigger a i18n-js refresh. There are a few approaches to work around this:
 
-This means that new locale files will not be detected, and so they will not trigger a i18n-js refresh. There are a few approaches to work around this:
+1. You can force i18n-js to update its translations by completely clearing the
+   assets cache. Use one of the following:
 
-1. You can force i18n-js to update its translations by completely clearing the assets cache. Use one of the following:
-  
 ```bash
 $ rake assets:clobber
 # Or, with older versions of Rails:
 $ rake tmp:cache:clear
 ```
 
-These commands will remove *all* fingerprinted assets, and you will have to recompile them with
+These commands will remove _all_ fingerprinted assets, and you will have to
+recompile them with
 
 ```bash
 $ rake assets:precompile
 ```
 
-or similar commands.  If you are precompiling assets on the target machine(s), cached pages may be broken by this, so they will need to be refreshed.
+or similar commands. If you are precompiling assets on the target machine(s),
+cached pages may be broken by this, so they will need to be refreshed.
 
 2. You can change something in a different locale file.
 
 3. Finally, you can change `config.assets.version`.
 
-**Note:** See issue [#213](https://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/issues/213) for more details and discussion of this issue.
+**Note:** See issue [#213](https://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/issues/213) for
+more details and discussion of this issue.
 
 ### Translations in JS are not updated when Sprockets not loaded before this gem
 
-The "rails engine" declaration will try to detect existence of "sprockets" before adding the initailizer
-If sprockets is loaded after this gem, the preprocessor for 
-making JS translations file cache to depend on content of locale files will not be hooked.
-So ensure sprockets is loaded before this gem like moving entry of sprockets in Gemfile or adding "require" statements for sprockets somewhere.
+The "rails engine" declaration will try to detect existence of "sprockets"
+before adding the initailizer If sprockets is loaded after this gem, the
+preprocessor for making JS translations file cache to depend on content of
+locale files will not be hooked. So ensure sprockets is loaded before this gem
+by moving the entry of sprockets in the Gemfile or adding "require" statements
+for sprockets somewhere.
 
-**Note:** See issue [#404](https://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/issues/404) for more details and discussion of this issue.
+**Note:** See issue [#404](https://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/issues/404) for
+more details and discussion of this issue.
 
 ### JS `I18n.toCurrency` & `I18n.toNumber` cannot handle large integers
 
-The above methods use `toFixed` and it only supports 53 bit integers.  
-Ref: http://2ality.com/2012/07/large-integers.html
+The above methods use `toFixed` and it only supports 53 bit integers. Ref:
+https://2ality.com/2012/07/large-integers.html
 
-Feel free to find & discuss possible solution(s) at issue [#511](https://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/issues/511)
+Feel free to find & discuss possible solution(s) at issue
+[#511](https://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/issues/511)
 
-### Only works with `Simple` backend
+### May not work with all backend implementations
 
-If you set `I18n.backend` to something other than the default `Simple` backend, you will likely get an exception like this:
+I18n backend implementations have to conform to a specific interface to work
+with i18n-js. For backends that do not conform to the interface, you will likely
+get an exception like this:
 
 ```
 Undefined method 'initialized?' for <your backend class>
 ```
 
-For now, i18n-js is only compatible with the `Simple` backend.
-If you need a more sophisticated backend for your rails application, like `I18n::Backend::ActiveRecord`, you can setup i18n-js to get translations from a separate `Simple` backend, by adding the following in an initializer:
+For now, i18n-js is compatible with the `Simple` backend and with
+`I18n::Backend::ActiveRecord` (>= 0.4.0).
+
+If you need a more sophisticated backend for your rails application that doesn't
+implement the required methods, you can setup i18n-js to get translations from a
+separate `Simple` backend, by adding the following in an initializer:
 
 ```ruby
 I18n::JS.backend = I18n.backend
 I18n.backend = I18n::Backend::Chain.new(<your other backend(s)>, I18n.backend)
 ```
 
-This will use your backend with the default `Simple` backend as fallback, while i18n-js only sees and uses the simple backend.
-This means however, that only translations from your static locale files will be present in JavaScript.
+This will use your backend with the default `Simple` backend as fallback, while
+i18n-js only sees and uses the simple backend. This means however, that only
+translations from your static locale files will be present in JavaScript.
 
 If you do cannot use a `Chain`-Backend for some reason, you can also set
 
@@ -854,9 +1024,11 @@ I18n::JS.backend = I18n::Backend::Simple.new
 I18n.backend = <something different>
 ```
 
-However, the automatic reloading of translations in developement will not work in this case.
-This is because Rails calls `I18n.reload!` for each request in development, but `reload!` will not be called on `I18n::JS.backend`, since it is a different object.
-One option would be to patch `I18n.reload!` in an initializer:
+However, the automatic reloading of translations in developement will not work
+in this case. This is because Rails calls `I18n.reload!` for each request in
+development, but `reload!` will not be called on `I18n::JS.backend`, since it is
+a different object. One option would be to patch `I18n.reload!` in an
+initializer:
 
 ```ruby
 module I18n
@@ -867,25 +1039,27 @@ module I18n
 end
 ```
 
-See issue [#428](https://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/issues/428) for more details and discussion of this issue.
+See issue [#428](https://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/issues/428) for more details
+and discussion of this issue.
 
 ## Maintainer
 
-- Nando Vieira - <http://nandovieira.com.br>
+- Nando Vieira - <https://nandovieira.com>
 
 ## Contributing
 
 Once you've made your great commits:
 
-1. [Fork](http://help.github.com/forking/) I18n.js
+1. [Fork](https://help.github.com/forking/) I18n.js
 2. Create a branch with a clear name
-3. Make your changes (Please also add/change spec, README and CHANGELOG if applicable)
+3. Make your changes (Please also add/change spec, README and CHANGELOG if
+   applicable)
 4. Push changes to the created branch
-5. [Create an Pull Request](http://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/pulls)
+5. [Create an Pull Request](https://github.com/fnando/i18n-js/pulls)
 6. That's it!
 
-Please respect the indentation rules and code style.
-And use 2 spaces, not tabs. And don't touch the versioning thing.
+Please respect the indentation rules and code style. And use 2 spaces, not tabs.
+And don't touch the versioning thing.
 
 ## Running tests
 
@@ -907,21 +1081,19 @@ You can run both Ruby and JavaScript specs with `rake spec`.
 
 (The MIT License)
 
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
-a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
-'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
-without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
-distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
-permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
-the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
-included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
-EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
-MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
-IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
-CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
-TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
-SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.