hnswlib 0.6.2 → 0.7.0

data/ext/hnswlib/src/hnswalg.h

@@ -10,1199 +10,1263 @@
 #include <list>
 
 namespace hnswlib {
-    typedef unsigned int tableint;
-    typedef unsigned int linklistsizeint;
-
-    template<typename dist_t>
-    class HierarchicalNSW : public AlgorithmInterface<dist_t> {
-    public:
-        static const tableint max_update_element_locks = 65536;
-        HierarchicalNSW() : visited_list_pool_(nullptr), data_level0_memory_(nullptr), linkLists_(nullptr), cur_element_count(0) { }
-        HierarchicalNSW(SpaceInterface<dist_t> *s) {
-        }
+typedef unsigned int tableint;
+typedef unsigned int linklistsizeint;
+
+template<typename dist_t>
+class HierarchicalNSW : public AlgorithmInterface<dist_t> {
+ public:
+    static const tableint MAX_LABEL_OPERATION_LOCKS = 65536;
+    static const unsigned char DELETE_MARK = 0x01;
+
+    size_t max_elements_{0};
+    mutable std::atomic<size_t> cur_element_count{0};  // current number of elements
+    size_t size_data_per_element_{0};
+    size_t size_links_per_element_{0};
+    mutable std::atomic<size_t> num_deleted_{0};  // number of deleted elements
+    size_t M_{0};
+    size_t maxM_{0};
+    size_t maxM0_{0};
+    size_t ef_construction_{0};
+    size_t ef_{ 0 };
+
+    double mult_{0.0}, revSize_{0.0};
+    int maxlevel_{0};
+
+    VisitedListPool *visited_list_pool_{nullptr};
+
+    // Locks operations with element by label value
+    mutable std::vector<std::mutex> label_op_locks_;
+
+    std::mutex global;
+    std::vector<std::mutex> link_list_locks_;
+
+    tableint enterpoint_node_{0};
+
+    size_t size_links_level0_{0};
+    size_t offsetData_{0}, offsetLevel0_{0}, label_offset_{ 0 };
+
+    char *data_level0_memory_{nullptr};
+    char **linkLists_{nullptr};
+    std::vector<int> element_levels_;  // keeps level of each element
+
+    size_t data_size_{0};
+
+    DISTFUNC<dist_t> fstdistfunc_;
+    void *dist_func_param_{nullptr};
+
+    mutable std::mutex label_lookup_lock;  // lock for label_lookup_
+    std::unordered_map<labeltype, tableint> label_lookup_;
+
+    std::default_random_engine level_generator_;
+    std::default_random_engine update_probability_generator_;
+
+    mutable std::atomic<long> metric_distance_computations{0};
+    mutable std::atomic<long> metric_hops{0};
+
+    bool allow_replace_deleted_ = false;  // flag to replace deleted elements (marked as deleted) during insertions
+
+    std::mutex deleted_elements_lock;  // lock for deleted_elements
+    std::unordered_set<tableint> deleted_elements;  // contains internal ids of deleted elements
+
+    HierarchicalNSW() { }
+
+    HierarchicalNSW(SpaceInterface<dist_t> *s) {
+    }
+
+
+    HierarchicalNSW(
+        SpaceInterface<dist_t> *s,
+        const std::string &location,
+        bool nmslib = false,
+        size_t max_elements = 0,
+        bool allow_replace_deleted = false)
+        : allow_replace_deleted_(allow_replace_deleted) {
+        loadIndex(location, s, max_elements);
+    }
+
+
+    HierarchicalNSW(
+        SpaceInterface<dist_t> *s,
+        size_t max_elements,
+        size_t M = 16,
+        size_t ef_construction = 200,
+        size_t random_seed = 100,
+        bool allow_replace_deleted = false)
+        : link_list_locks_(max_elements),
+            label_op_locks_(MAX_LABEL_OPERATION_LOCKS),
+            element_levels_(max_elements),
+            allow_replace_deleted_(allow_replace_deleted) {
+        max_elements_ = max_elements;
+        num_deleted_ = 0;
+        data_size_ = s->get_data_size();
+        fstdistfunc_ = s->get_dist_func();
+        dist_func_param_ = s->get_dist_func_param();
+        M_ = M;
+        maxM_ = M_;
+        maxM0_ = M_ * 2;
+        ef_construction_ = std::max(ef_construction, M_);
+        ef_ = 10;
+
+        level_generator_.seed(random_seed);
+        update_probability_generator_.seed(random_seed + 1);
+
+        size_links_level0_ = maxM0_ * sizeof(tableint) + sizeof(linklistsizeint);
+        size_data_per_element_ = size_links_level0_ + data_size_ + sizeof(labeltype);
+        offsetData_ = size_links_level0_;
+        label_offset_ = size_links_level0_ + data_size_;
+        offsetLevel0_ = 0;
+
+        data_level0_memory_ = (char *) malloc(max_elements_ * size_data_per_element_);
+        if (data_level0_memory_ == nullptr)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory");
+
+        cur_element_count = 0;
+
+        visited_list_pool_ = new VisitedListPool(1, max_elements);
 
-        HierarchicalNSW(SpaceInterface<dist_t> *s, const std::string &location, bool nmslib = false, size_t max_elements=0) {
-            loadIndex(location, s, max_elements);
-        }
+        // initializations for special treatment of the first node
+        enterpoint_node_ = -1;
+        maxlevel_ = -1;
+
+        linkLists_ = (char **) malloc(sizeof(void *) * max_elements_);
+        if (linkLists_ == nullptr)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory: HierarchicalNSW failed to allocate linklists");
+        size_links_per_element_ = maxM_ * sizeof(tableint) + sizeof(linklistsizeint);
+        mult_ = 1 / log(1.0 * M_);
+        revSize_ = 1.0 / mult_;
+    }
 
-        HierarchicalNSW(SpaceInterface<dist_t> *s, size_t max_elements, size_t M = 16, size_t ef_construction = 200, size_t random_seed = 100) :
-                link_list_locks_(max_elements), link_list_update_locks_(max_update_element_locks), element_levels_(max_elements) {
-            max_elements_ = max_elements;
-
-            num_deleted_ = 0;
-            data_size_ = s->get_data_size();
-            fstdistfunc_ = s->get_dist_func();
-            dist_func_param_ = s->get_dist_func_param();
-            M_ = M;
-            maxM_ = M_;
-            maxM0_ = M_ * 2;
-            ef_construction_ = std::max(ef_construction,M_);
-            ef_ = 10;
-
-            level_generator_.seed(random_seed);
-            update_probability_generator_.seed(random_seed + 1);
-
-            size_links_level0_ = maxM0_ * sizeof(tableint) + sizeof(linklistsizeint);
-            size_data_per_element_ = size_links_level0_ + data_size_ + sizeof(labeltype);
-            offsetData_ = size_links_level0_;
-            label_offset_ = size_links_level0_ + data_size_;
-            offsetLevel0_ = 0;
-
-            data_level0_memory_ = (char *) malloc(max_elements_ * size_data_per_element_);
-            if (data_level0_memory_ == nullptr)
-                throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory");
-
-            cur_element_count = 0;
-
-            visited_list_pool_ = new VisitedListPool(1, max_elements);
-
-            //initializations for special treatment of the first node
-            enterpoint_node_ = -1;
-            maxlevel_ = -1;
-
-            linkLists_ = (char **) malloc(sizeof(void *) * max_elements_);
-            if (linkLists_ == nullptr)
-                throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory: HierarchicalNSW failed to allocate linklists");
-            size_links_per_element_ = maxM_ * sizeof(tableint) + sizeof(linklistsizeint);
-            mult_ = 1 / log(1.0 * M_);
-            revSize_ = 1.0 / mult_;
+
+    ~HierarchicalNSW() {
+        free(data_level0_memory_);
+        for (tableint i = 0; i < cur_element_count; i++) {
+            if (element_levels_[i] > 0)
+                free(linkLists_[i]);
         }
+        free(linkLists_);
+        delete visited_list_pool_;
+    }
 
-        struct CompareByFirst {
-            constexpr bool operator()(std::pair<dist_t, tableint> const &a,
-                                      std::pair<dist_t, tableint> const &b) const noexcept {
-                return a.first < b.first;
-            }
-        };
-
-        ~HierarchicalNSW() {
-            if (data_level0_memory_) free(data_level0_memory_);
-            if (linkLists_) {
-                for (tableint i = 0; i < cur_element_count; i++) {
-                    if (element_levels_[i] > 0)
-                        if (linkLists_[i]) free(linkLists_[i]);
-                }
-                free(linkLists_);
-            }
-            if (visited_list_pool_) delete visited_list_pool_;
+
+    struct CompareByFirst {
+        constexpr bool operator()(std::pair<dist_t, tableint> const& a,
+            std::pair<dist_t, tableint> const& b) const noexcept {
+            return a.first < b.first;
         }
+    };
 
-        size_t max_elements_;
-        size_t cur_element_count;
-        size_t size_data_per_element_;
-        size_t size_links_per_element_;
-        size_t num_deleted_;
 
-        size_t M_;
-        size_t maxM_;
-        size_t maxM0_;
-        size_t ef_construction_;
+    void setEf(size_t ef) {
+        ef_ = ef;
+    }
 
-        double mult_, revSize_;
-        int maxlevel_;
 
+    inline std::mutex& getLabelOpMutex(labeltype label) const {
+        // calculate hash
+        size_t lock_id = label & (MAX_LABEL_OPERATION_LOCKS - 1);
+        return label_op_locks_[lock_id];
+    }
 
-        VisitedListPool *visited_list_pool_;
-        std::mutex cur_element_count_guard_;
 
-        std::vector<std::mutex> link_list_locks_;
+    inline labeltype getExternalLabel(tableint internal_id) const {
+        labeltype return_label;
+        memcpy(&return_label, (data_level0_memory_ + internal_id * size_data_per_element_ + label_offset_), sizeof(labeltype));
+        return return_label;
+    }
 
-        // Locks to prevent race condition during update/insert of an element at same time.
-        // Note: Locks for additions can also be used to prevent this race condition if the querying of KNN is not exposed along with update/inserts i.e multithread insert/update/query in parallel.
-        std::vector<std::mutex> link_list_update_locks_;
-        tableint enterpoint_node_;
 
-        size_t size_links_level0_;
-        size_t offsetData_, offsetLevel0_;
+    inline void setExternalLabel(tableint internal_id, labeltype label) const {
+        memcpy((data_level0_memory_ + internal_id * size_data_per_element_ + label_offset_), &label, sizeof(labeltype));
+    }
 
-        char *data_level0_memory_;
-        char **linkLists_;
-        std::vector<int> element_levels_;
 
-        size_t data_size_;
+    inline labeltype *getExternalLabeLp(tableint internal_id) const {
+        return (labeltype *) (data_level0_memory_ + internal_id * size_data_per_element_ + label_offset_);
+    }
 
-        size_t label_offset_;
-        DISTFUNC<dist_t> fstdistfunc_;
-        void *dist_func_param_;
-        std::unordered_map<labeltype, tableint> label_lookup_;
 
-        std::default_random_engine level_generator_;
-        std::default_random_engine update_probability_generator_;
+    inline char *getDataByInternalId(tableint internal_id) const {
+        return (data_level0_memory_ + internal_id * size_data_per_element_ + offsetData_);
+    }
 
-        inline labeltype getExternalLabel(tableint internal_id) const {
-            labeltype return_label;
-            memcpy(&return_label,(data_level0_memory_ + internal_id * size_data_per_element_ + label_offset_), sizeof(labeltype));
-            return return_label;
-        }
 
-        inline void setExternalLabel(tableint internal_id, labeltype label) const {
-            memcpy((data_level0_memory_ + internal_id * size_data_per_element_ + label_offset_), &label, sizeof(labeltype));
-        }
+    int getRandomLevel(double reverse_size) {
+        std::uniform_real_distribution<double> distribution(0.0, 1.0);
+        double r = -log(distribution(level_generator_)) * reverse_size;
+        return (int) r;
+    }
 
-        inline labeltype *getExternalLabeLp(tableint internal_id) const {
-            return (labeltype *) (data_level0_memory_ + internal_id * size_data_per_element_ + label_offset_);
-        }
+    size_t getMaxElements() {
+        return max_elements_;
+    }
 
-        inline char *getDataByInternalId(tableint internal_id) const {
-            return (data_level0_memory_ + internal_id * size_data_per_element_ + offsetData_);
-        }
+    size_t getCurrentElementCount() {
+        return cur_element_count;
+    }
 
-        int getRandomLevel(double reverse_size) {
-            std::uniform_real_distribution<double> distribution(0.0, 1.0);
-            double r = -log(distribution(level_generator_)) * reverse_size;
-            return (int) r;
-        }
+    size_t getDeletedCount() {
+        return num_deleted_;
+    }
 
+    std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst>
+    searchBaseLayer(tableint ep_id, const void *data_point, int layer) {
+        VisitedList *vl = visited_list_pool_->getFreeVisitedList();
+        vl_type *visited_array = vl->mass;
+        vl_type visited_array_tag = vl->curV;
 
-        std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst>
-        searchBaseLayer(tableint ep_id, const void *data_point, int layer) {
-            VisitedList *vl = visited_list_pool_->getFreeVisitedList();
-            vl_type *visited_array = vl->mass;
-            vl_type visited_array_tag = vl->curV;
+        std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> top_candidates;
+        std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> candidateSet;
 
-            std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> top_candidates;
-            std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> candidateSet;
+        dist_t lowerBound;
+        if (!isMarkedDeleted(ep_id)) {
+            dist_t dist = fstdistfunc_(data_point, getDataByInternalId(ep_id), dist_func_param_);
+            top_candidates.emplace(dist, ep_id);
+            lowerBound = dist;
+            candidateSet.emplace(-dist, ep_id);
+        } else {
+            lowerBound = std::numeric_limits<dist_t>::max();
+            candidateSet.emplace(-lowerBound, ep_id);
+        }
+        visited_array[ep_id] = visited_array_tag;
 
-            dist_t lowerBound;
-            if (!isMarkedDeleted(ep_id)) {
-                dist_t dist = fstdistfunc_(data_point, getDataByInternalId(ep_id), dist_func_param_);
-                top_candidates.emplace(dist, ep_id);
-                lowerBound = dist;
-                candidateSet.emplace(-dist, ep_id);
-            } else {
-                lowerBound = std::numeric_limits<dist_t>::max();
-                candidateSet.emplace(-lowerBound, ep_id);
+        while (!candidateSet.empty()) {
+            std::pair<dist_t, tableint> curr_el_pair = candidateSet.top();
+            if ((-curr_el_pair.first) > lowerBound && top_candidates.size() == ef_construction_) {
+                break;
             }
-            visited_array[ep_id] = visited_array_tag;
-
-            while (!candidateSet.empty()) {
-                std::pair<dist_t, tableint> curr_el_pair = candidateSet.top();
-                if ((-curr_el_pair.first) > lowerBound && top_candidates.size() == ef_construction_) {
-                    break;
-                }
-                candidateSet.pop();
+            candidateSet.pop();
 
-                tableint curNodeNum = curr_el_pair.second;
+            tableint curNodeNum = curr_el_pair.second;
 
-                std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock(link_list_locks_[curNodeNum]);
+            std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock(link_list_locks_[curNodeNum]);
 
-                int *data;// = (int *)(linkList0_ + curNodeNum * size_links_per_element0_);
-                if (layer == 0) {
-                    data = (int*)get_linklist0(curNodeNum);
-                } else {
-                    data = (int*)get_linklist(curNodeNum, layer);
+            int *data;  // = (int *)(linkList0_ + curNodeNum * size_links_per_element0_);
+            if (layer == 0) {
+                data = (int*)get_linklist0(curNodeNum);
+            } else {
+                data = (int*)get_linklist(curNodeNum, layer);
 //                    data = (int *) (linkLists_[curNodeNum] + (layer - 1) * size_links_per_element_);
-                }
-                size_t size = getListCount((linklistsizeint*)data);
-                tableint *datal = (tableint *) (data + 1);
+            }
+            size_t size = getListCount((linklistsizeint*)data);
+            tableint *datal = (tableint *) (data + 1);
 #ifdef USE_SSE
-                _mm_prefetch((char *) (visited_array + *(data + 1)), _MM_HINT_T0);
-                _mm_prefetch((char *) (visited_array + *(data + 1) + 64), _MM_HINT_T0);
-                _mm_prefetch(getDataByInternalId(*datal), _MM_HINT_T0);
-                _mm_prefetch(getDataByInternalId(*(datal + 1)), _MM_HINT_T0);
+            _mm_prefetch((char *) (visited_array + *(data + 1)), _MM_HINT_T0);
+            _mm_prefetch((char *) (visited_array + *(data + 1) + 64), _MM_HINT_T0);
+            _mm_prefetch(getDataByInternalId(*datal), _MM_HINT_T0);
+            _mm_prefetch(getDataByInternalId(*(datal + 1)), _MM_HINT_T0);
 #endif
 
-                for (size_t j = 0; j < size; j++) {
-                    tableint candidate_id = *(datal + j);
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+                tableint candidate_id = *(datal + j);
 //                    if (candidate_id == 0) continue;
 #ifdef USE_SSE
-                    _mm_prefetch((char *) (visited_array + *(datal + j + 1)), _MM_HINT_T0);
-                    _mm_prefetch(getDataByInternalId(*(datal + j + 1)), _MM_HINT_T0);
+                _mm_prefetch((char *) (visited_array + *(datal + j + 1)), _MM_HINT_T0);
+                _mm_prefetch(getDataByInternalId(*(datal + j + 1)), _MM_HINT_T0);
 #endif
-                    if (visited_array[candidate_id] == visited_array_tag) continue;
-                    visited_array[candidate_id] = visited_array_tag;
-                    char *currObj1 = (getDataByInternalId(candidate_id));
+                if (visited_array[candidate_id] == visited_array_tag) continue;
+                visited_array[candidate_id] = visited_array_tag;
+                char *currObj1 = (getDataByInternalId(candidate_id));
 
-                    dist_t dist1 = fstdistfunc_(data_point, currObj1, dist_func_param_);
-                    if (top_candidates.size() < ef_construction_ || lowerBound > dist1) {
-                        candidateSet.emplace(-dist1, candidate_id);
+                dist_t dist1 = fstdistfunc_(data_point, currObj1, dist_func_param_);
+                if (top_candidates.size() < ef_construction_ || lowerBound > dist1) {
+                    candidateSet.emplace(-dist1, candidate_id);
 #ifdef USE_SSE
-                        _mm_prefetch(getDataByInternalId(candidateSet.top().second), _MM_HINT_T0);
+                    _mm_prefetch(getDataByInternalId(candidateSet.top().second), _MM_HINT_T0);
 #endif
 
-                        if (!isMarkedDeleted(candidate_id))
-                            top_candidates.emplace(dist1, candidate_id);
+                    if (!isMarkedDeleted(candidate_id))
+                        top_candidates.emplace(dist1, candidate_id);
 
-                        if (top_candidates.size() > ef_construction_)
-                            top_candidates.pop();
+                    if (top_candidates.size() > ef_construction_)
+                        top_candidates.pop();
 
-                        if (!top_candidates.empty())
-                            lowerBound = top_candidates.top().first;
-                    }
+                    if (!top_candidates.empty())
+                        lowerBound = top_candidates.top().first;
                 }
             }
-            visited_list_pool_->releaseVisitedList(vl);
-
-            return top_candidates;
+        }
+        visited_list_pool_->releaseVisitedList(vl);
+
+        return top_candidates;
+    }
+
+
+    template <bool has_deletions, bool collect_metrics = false>
+    std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst>
+    searchBaseLayerST(tableint ep_id, const void *data_point, size_t ef, BaseFilterFunctor* isIdAllowed = nullptr) const {
+        VisitedList *vl = visited_list_pool_->getFreeVisitedList();
+        vl_type *visited_array = vl->mass;
+        vl_type visited_array_tag = vl->curV;
+
+        std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> top_candidates;
+        std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> candidate_set;
+
+        dist_t lowerBound;
+        if ((!has_deletions || !isMarkedDeleted(ep_id)) && ((!isIdAllowed) || (*isIdAllowed)(getExternalLabel(ep_id)))) {
+            dist_t dist = fstdistfunc_(data_point, getDataByInternalId(ep_id), dist_func_param_);
+            lowerBound = dist;
+            top_candidates.emplace(dist, ep_id);
+            candidate_set.emplace(-dist, ep_id);
+        } else {
+            lowerBound = std::numeric_limits<dist_t>::max();
+            candidate_set.emplace(-lowerBound, ep_id);
         }
 
-        mutable std::atomic<long> metric_distance_computations;
-        mutable std::atomic<long> metric_hops;
-
-        template <bool has_deletions, bool collect_metrics=false>
-        std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst>
-        searchBaseLayerST(tableint ep_id, const void *data_point, size_t ef) const {
-            VisitedList *vl = visited_list_pool_->getFreeVisitedList();
-            vl_type *visited_array = vl->mass;
-            vl_type visited_array_tag = vl->curV;
-
-            std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> top_candidates;
-            std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> candidate_set;
-
-            dist_t lowerBound;
-            if (!has_deletions || !isMarkedDeleted(ep_id)) {
-                dist_t dist = fstdistfunc_(data_point, getDataByInternalId(ep_id), dist_func_param_);
-                lowerBound = dist;
-                top_candidates.emplace(dist, ep_id);
-                candidate_set.emplace(-dist, ep_id);
-            } else {
-                lowerBound = std::numeric_limits<dist_t>::max();
-                candidate_set.emplace(-lowerBound, ep_id);
-            }
-
-            visited_array[ep_id] = visited_array_tag;
-
-            while (!candidate_set.empty()) {
+        visited_array[ep_id] = visited_array_tag;
 
-                std::pair<dist_t, tableint> current_node_pair = candidate_set.top();
+        while (!candidate_set.empty()) {
+            std::pair<dist_t, tableint> current_node_pair = candidate_set.top();
 
-                if ((-current_node_pair.first) > lowerBound && (top_candidates.size() == ef || has_deletions == false)) {
-                    break;
-                }
-                candidate_set.pop();
+            if ((-current_node_pair.first) > lowerBound &&
+                (top_candidates.size() == ef || (!isIdAllowed && !has_deletions))) {
+                break;
+            }
+            candidate_set.pop();
 
-                tableint current_node_id = current_node_pair.second;
-                int *data = (int *) get_linklist0(current_node_id);
-                size_t size = getListCount((linklistsizeint*)data);
+            tableint current_node_id = current_node_pair.second;
+            int *data = (int *) get_linklist0(current_node_id);
+            size_t size = getListCount((linklistsizeint*)data);
 //                bool cur_node_deleted = isMarkedDeleted(current_node_id);
-                if(collect_metrics){
-                    metric_hops++;
-                    metric_distance_computations+=size;
-                }
+            if (collect_metrics) {
+                metric_hops++;
+                metric_distance_computations+=size;
+            }
 
 #ifdef USE_SSE
-                _mm_prefetch((char *) (visited_array + *(data + 1)), _MM_HINT_T0);
-                _mm_prefetch((char *) (visited_array + *(data + 1) + 64), _MM_HINT_T0);
-                _mm_prefetch(data_level0_memory_ + (*(data + 1)) * size_data_per_element_ + offsetData_, _MM_HINT_T0);
-                _mm_prefetch((char *) (data + 2), _MM_HINT_T0);
+            _mm_prefetch((char *) (visited_array + *(data + 1)), _MM_HINT_T0);
+            _mm_prefetch((char *) (visited_array + *(data + 1) + 64), _MM_HINT_T0);
+            _mm_prefetch(data_level0_memory_ + (*(data + 1)) * size_data_per_element_ + offsetData_, _MM_HINT_T0);
+            _mm_prefetch((char *) (data + 2), _MM_HINT_T0);
 #endif
 
-                for (size_t j = 1; j <= size; j++) {
-                    int candidate_id = *(data + j);
+            for (size_t j = 1; j <= size; j++) {
+                int candidate_id = *(data + j);
 //                    if (candidate_id == 0) continue;
 #ifdef USE_SSE
-                    _mm_prefetch((char *) (visited_array + *(data + j + 1)), _MM_HINT_T0);
-                    _mm_prefetch(data_level0_memory_ + (*(data + j + 1)) * size_data_per_element_ + offsetData_,
-                                 _MM_HINT_T0);////////////
+                _mm_prefetch((char *) (visited_array + *(data + j + 1)), _MM_HINT_T0);
+                _mm_prefetch(data_level0_memory_ + (*(data + j + 1)) * size_data_per_element_ + offsetData_,
+                                _MM_HINT_T0);  ////////////
 #endif
-                    if (!(visited_array[candidate_id] == visited_array_tag)) {
-
-                        visited_array[candidate_id] = visited_array_tag;
+                if (!(visited_array[candidate_id] == visited_array_tag)) {
+                    visited_array[candidate_id] = visited_array_tag;
 
-                        char *currObj1 = (getDataByInternalId(candidate_id));
-                        dist_t dist = fstdistfunc_(data_point, currObj1, dist_func_param_);
+                    char *currObj1 = (getDataByInternalId(candidate_id));
+                    dist_t dist = fstdistfunc_(data_point, currObj1, dist_func_param_);
 
-                        if (top_candidates.size() < ef || lowerBound > dist) {
-                            candidate_set.emplace(-dist, candidate_id);
+                    if (top_candidates.size() < ef || lowerBound > dist) {
+                        candidate_set.emplace(-dist, candidate_id);
 #ifdef USE_SSE
-                            _mm_prefetch(data_level0_memory_ + candidate_set.top().second * size_data_per_element_ +
-                                         offsetLevel0_,///////////
-                                         _MM_HINT_T0);////////////////////////
+                        _mm_prefetch(data_level0_memory_ + candidate_set.top().second * size_data_per_element_ +
+                                        offsetLevel0_,  ///////////
+                                        _MM_HINT_T0);  ////////////////////////
 #endif
 
-                            if (!has_deletions || !isMarkedDeleted(candidate_id))
-                                top_candidates.emplace(dist, candidate_id);
+                        if ((!has_deletions || !isMarkedDeleted(candidate_id)) && ((!isIdAllowed) || (*isIdAllowed)(getExternalLabel(candidate_id))))
+                            top_candidates.emplace(dist, candidate_id);
 
-                            if (top_candidates.size() > ef)
-                                top_candidates.pop();
+                        if (top_candidates.size() > ef)
+                            top_candidates.pop();
 
-                            if (!top_candidates.empty())
-                                lowerBound = top_candidates.top().first;
-                        }
+                        if (!top_candidates.empty())
+                            lowerBound = top_candidates.top().first;
                     }
                 }
             }
-
-            visited_list_pool_->releaseVisitedList(vl);
-            return top_candidates;
         }
 
-        void getNeighborsByHeuristic2(
-                std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> &top_candidates,
-        const size_t M) {
-            if (top_candidates.size() < M) {
-                return;
-            }
+        visited_list_pool_->releaseVisitedList(vl);
+        return top_candidates;
+    }
 
-            std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>> queue_closest;
-            std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>> return_list;
-            while (top_candidates.size() > 0) {
-                queue_closest.emplace(-top_candidates.top().first, top_candidates.top().second);
-                top_candidates.pop();
-            }
 
-            while (queue_closest.size()) {
-                if (return_list.size() >= M)
+    void getNeighborsByHeuristic2(
+            std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> &top_candidates,
+    const size_t M) {
+        if (top_candidates.size() < M) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>> queue_closest;
+        std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>> return_list;
+        while (top_candidates.size() > 0) {
+            queue_closest.emplace(-top_candidates.top().first, top_candidates.top().second);
+            top_candidates.pop();
+        }
+
+        while (queue_closest.size()) {
+            if (return_list.size() >= M)
+                break;
+            std::pair<dist_t, tableint> curent_pair = queue_closest.top();
+            dist_t dist_to_query = -curent_pair.first;
+            queue_closest.pop();
+            bool good = true;
+
+            for (std::pair<dist_t, tableint> second_pair : return_list) {
+                dist_t curdist =
+                        fstdistfunc_(getDataByInternalId(second_pair.second),
+                                        getDataByInternalId(curent_pair.second),
+                                        dist_func_param_);
+                if (curdist < dist_to_query) {
+                    good = false;
                     break;
-                std::pair<dist_t, tableint> curent_pair = queue_closest.top();
-                dist_t dist_to_query = -curent_pair.first;
-                queue_closest.pop();
-                bool good = true;
-
-                for (std::pair<dist_t, tableint> second_pair : return_list) {
-                    dist_t curdist =
-                            fstdistfunc_(getDataByInternalId(second_pair.second),
-                                         getDataByInternalId(curent_pair.second),
-                                         dist_func_param_);;
-                    if (curdist < dist_to_query) {
-                        good = false;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (good) {
-                    return_list.push_back(curent_pair);
                 }
             }
-
-            for (std::pair<dist_t, tableint> curent_pair : return_list) {
-                top_candidates.emplace(-curent_pair.first, curent_pair.second);
+            if (good) {
+                return_list.push_back(curent_pair);
             }
         }
 
+        for (std::pair<dist_t, tableint> curent_pair : return_list) {
+            top_candidates.emplace(-curent_pair.first, curent_pair.second);
+        }
+    }
 
-        linklistsizeint *get_linklist0(tableint internal_id) const {
-            return (linklistsizeint *) (data_level0_memory_ + internal_id * size_data_per_element_ + offsetLevel0_);
-        };
 
-        linklistsizeint *get_linklist0(tableint internal_id, char *data_level0_memory_) const {
-            return (linklistsizeint *) (data_level0_memory_ + internal_id * size_data_per_element_ + offsetLevel0_);
-        };
+    linklistsizeint *get_linklist0(tableint internal_id) const {
+        return (linklistsizeint *) (data_level0_memory_ + internal_id * size_data_per_element_ + offsetLevel0_);
+    }
 
-        linklistsizeint *get_linklist(tableint internal_id, int level) const {
-            return (linklistsizeint *) (linkLists_[internal_id] + (level - 1) * size_links_per_element_);
-        };
 
-        linklistsizeint *get_linklist_at_level(tableint internal_id, int level) const {
-            return level == 0 ? get_linklist0(internal_id) : get_linklist(internal_id, level);
-        };
+    linklistsizeint *get_linklist0(tableint internal_id, char *data_level0_memory_) const {
+        return (linklistsizeint *) (data_level0_memory_ + internal_id * size_data_per_element_ + offsetLevel0_);
+    }
 
-        tableint mutuallyConnectNewElement(const void *data_point, tableint cur_c,
-                                       std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> &top_candidates,
-        int level, bool isUpdate) {
-            size_t Mcurmax = level ? maxM_ : maxM0_;
-            getNeighborsByHeuristic2(top_candidates, M_);
-            if (top_candidates.size() > M_)
-                throw std::runtime_error("Should be not be more than M_ candidates returned by the heuristic");
 
-            std::vector<tableint> selectedNeighbors;
-            selectedNeighbors.reserve(M_);
-            while (top_candidates.size() > 0) {
-                selectedNeighbors.push_back(top_candidates.top().second);
-                top_candidates.pop();
-            }
+    linklistsizeint *get_linklist(tableint internal_id, int level) const {
+        return (linklistsizeint *) (linkLists_[internal_id] + (level - 1) * size_links_per_element_);
+    }
 
-            tableint next_closest_entry_point = selectedNeighbors.back();
 
-            {
-                linklistsizeint *ll_cur;
-                if (level == 0)
-                    ll_cur = get_linklist0(cur_c);
-                else
-                    ll_cur = get_linklist(cur_c, level);
+    linklistsizeint *get_linklist_at_level(tableint internal_id, int level) const {
+        return level == 0 ? get_linklist0(internal_id) : get_linklist(internal_id, level);
+    }
 
-                if (*ll_cur && !isUpdate) {
-                    throw std::runtime_error("The newly inserted element should have blank link list");
-                }
-                setListCount(ll_cur,selectedNeighbors.size());
-                tableint *data = (tableint *) (ll_cur + 1);
-                for (size_t idx = 0; idx < selectedNeighbors.size(); idx++) {
-                    if (data[idx] && !isUpdate)
-                        throw std::runtime_error("Possible memory corruption");
-                    if (level > element_levels_[selectedNeighbors[idx]])
-                        throw std::runtime_error("Trying to make a link on a non-existent level");
 
-                    data[idx] = selectedNeighbors[idx];
+    tableint mutuallyConnectNewElement(
+        const void *data_point,
+        tableint cur_c,
+        std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> &top_candidates,
+        int level,
+        bool isUpdate) {
+        size_t Mcurmax = level ? maxM_ : maxM0_;
+        getNeighborsByHeuristic2(top_candidates, M_);
+        if (top_candidates.size() > M_)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Should be not be more than M_ candidates returned by the heuristic");
 
-                }
+        std::vector<tableint> selectedNeighbors;
+        selectedNeighbors.reserve(M_);
+        while (top_candidates.size() > 0) {
+            selectedNeighbors.push_back(top_candidates.top().second);
+            top_candidates.pop();
+        }
+
+        tableint next_closest_entry_point = selectedNeighbors.back();
+
+        {
+            // lock only during the update
+            // because during the addition the lock for cur_c is already acquired
+            std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock(link_list_locks_[cur_c], std::defer_lock);
+            if (isUpdate) {
+                lock.lock();
             }
+            linklistsizeint *ll_cur;
+            if (level == 0)
+                ll_cur = get_linklist0(cur_c);
+            else
+                ll_cur = get_linklist(cur_c, level);
 
+            if (*ll_cur && !isUpdate) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("The newly inserted element should have blank link list");
+            }
+            setListCount(ll_cur, selectedNeighbors.size());
+            tableint *data = (tableint *) (ll_cur + 1);
             for (size_t idx = 0; idx < selectedNeighbors.size(); idx++) {
+                if (data[idx] && !isUpdate)
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Possible memory corruption");
+                if (level > element_levels_[selectedNeighbors[idx]])
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Trying to make a link on a non-existent level");
 
-                std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock(link_list_locks_[selectedNeighbors[idx]]);
+                data[idx] = selectedNeighbors[idx];
+            }
+        }
 
-                linklistsizeint *ll_other;
-                if (level == 0)
-                    ll_other = get_linklist0(selectedNeighbors[idx]);
-                else
-                    ll_other = get_linklist(selectedNeighbors[idx], level);
+        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < selectedNeighbors.size(); idx++) {
+            std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock(link_list_locks_[selectedNeighbors[idx]]);
 
-                size_t sz_link_list_other = getListCount(ll_other);
+            linklistsizeint *ll_other;
+            if (level == 0)
+                ll_other = get_linklist0(selectedNeighbors[idx]);
+            else
+                ll_other = get_linklist(selectedNeighbors[idx], level);
 
-                if (sz_link_list_other > Mcurmax)
-                    throw std::runtime_error("Bad value of sz_link_list_other");
-                if (selectedNeighbors[idx] == cur_c)
-                    throw std::runtime_error("Trying to connect an element to itself");
-                if (level > element_levels_[selectedNeighbors[idx]])
-                    throw std::runtime_error("Trying to make a link on a non-existent level");
+            size_t sz_link_list_other = getListCount(ll_other);
 
-                tableint *data = (tableint *) (ll_other + 1);
+            if (sz_link_list_other > Mcurmax)
+                throw std::runtime_error("Bad value of sz_link_list_other");
+            if (selectedNeighbors[idx] == cur_c)
+                throw std::runtime_error("Trying to connect an element to itself");
+            if (level > element_levels_[selectedNeighbors[idx]])
+                throw std::runtime_error("Trying to make a link on a non-existent level");
 
-                bool is_cur_c_present = false;
-                if (isUpdate) {
-                    for (size_t j = 0; j < sz_link_list_other; j++) {
-                        if (data[j] == cur_c) {
-                            is_cur_c_present = true;
-                            break;
-                        }
+            tableint *data = (tableint *) (ll_other + 1);
+
+            bool is_cur_c_present = false;
+            if (isUpdate) {
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < sz_link_list_other; j++) {
+                    if (data[j] == cur_c) {
+                        is_cur_c_present = true;
+                        break;
                     }
                 }
+            }
 
-                // If cur_c is already present in the neighboring connections of `selectedNeighbors[idx]` then no need to modify any connections or run the heuristics.
-                if (!is_cur_c_present) {
-                    if (sz_link_list_other < Mcurmax) {
-                        data[sz_link_list_other] = cur_c;
-                        setListCount(ll_other, sz_link_list_other + 1);
-                    } else {
-                        // finding the "weakest" element to replace it with the new one
-                        dist_t d_max = fstdistfunc_(getDataByInternalId(cur_c), getDataByInternalId(selectedNeighbors[idx]),
-                                                    dist_func_param_);
-                        // Heuristic:
-                        std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> candidates;
-                        candidates.emplace(d_max, cur_c);
-
-                        for (size_t j = 0; j < sz_link_list_other; j++) {
-                            candidates.emplace(
-                                    fstdistfunc_(getDataByInternalId(data[j]), getDataByInternalId(selectedNeighbors[idx]),
-                                                 dist_func_param_), data[j]);
-                        }
+            // If cur_c is already present in the neighboring connections of `selectedNeighbors[idx]` then no need to modify any connections or run the heuristics.
+            if (!is_cur_c_present) {
+                if (sz_link_list_other < Mcurmax) {
+                    data[sz_link_list_other] = cur_c;
+                    setListCount(ll_other, sz_link_list_other + 1);
+                } else {
+                    // finding the "weakest" element to replace it with the new one
+                    dist_t d_max = fstdistfunc_(getDataByInternalId(cur_c), getDataByInternalId(selectedNeighbors[idx]),
+                                                dist_func_param_);
+                    // Heuristic:
+                    std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> candidates;
+                    candidates.emplace(d_max, cur_c);
 
-                        getNeighborsByHeuristic2(candidates, Mcurmax);
+                    for (size_t j = 0; j < sz_link_list_other; j++) {
+                        candidates.emplace(
+                                fstdistfunc_(getDataByInternalId(data[j]), getDataByInternalId(selectedNeighbors[idx]),
+                                                dist_func_param_), data[j]);
+                    }
 
-                        int indx = 0;
-                        while (candidates.size() > 0) {
-                            data[indx] = candidates.top().second;
-                            candidates.pop();
-                            indx++;
-                        }
+                    getNeighborsByHeuristic2(candidates, Mcurmax);
 
-                        setListCount(ll_other, indx);
-                        // Nearest K:
-                        /*int indx = -1;
-                        for (int j = 0; j < sz_link_list_other; j++) {
-                            dist_t d = fstdistfunc_(getDataByInternalId(data[j]), getDataByInternalId(rez[idx]), dist_func_param_);
-                            if (d > d_max) {
-                                indx = j;
-                                d_max = d;
-                            }
+                    int indx = 0;
+                    while (candidates.size() > 0) {
+                        data[indx] = candidates.top().second;
+                        candidates.pop();
+                        indx++;
+                    }
+
+                    setListCount(ll_other, indx);
+                    // Nearest K:
+                    /*int indx = -1;
+                    for (int j = 0; j < sz_link_list_other; j++) {
+                        dist_t d = fstdistfunc_(getDataByInternalId(data[j]), getDataByInternalId(rez[idx]), dist_func_param_);
+                        if (d > d_max) {
+                            indx = j;
+                            d_max = d;
                         }
-                        if (indx >= 0) {
-                            data[indx] = cur_c;
-                        } */
                     }
+                    if (indx >= 0) {
+                        data[indx] = cur_c;
+                    } */
                 }
             }
-
-            return next_closest_entry_point;
         }
 
-        std::mutex global;
-        size_t ef_;
+        return next_closest_entry_point;
+    }
 
-        void setEf(size_t ef) {
-            ef_ = ef;
-        }
 
+    void resizeIndex(size_t new_max_elements) {
+        if (new_max_elements < cur_element_count)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Cannot resize, max element is less than the current number of elements");
 
-        std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>> searchKnnInternal(void *query_data, int k) {
-            std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint  >> top_candidates;
-            if (cur_element_count == 0) return top_candidates;
-            tableint currObj = enterpoint_node_;
-            dist_t curdist = fstdistfunc_(query_data, getDataByInternalId(enterpoint_node_), dist_func_param_);
+        delete visited_list_pool_;
+        visited_list_pool_ = new VisitedListPool(1, new_max_elements);
 
-            for (size_t level = maxlevel_; level > 0; level--) {
-                bool changed = true;
-                while (changed) {
-                    changed = false;
-                    int *data;
-                    data = (int *) get_linklist(currObj,level);
-                    int size = getListCount(data);
-                    tableint *datal = (tableint *) (data + 1);
-                    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-                        tableint cand = datal[i];
-                        if (cand < 0 || cand > max_elements_)
-                            throw std::runtime_error("cand error");
-                        dist_t d = fstdistfunc_(query_data, getDataByInternalId(cand), dist_func_param_);
+        element_levels_.resize(new_max_elements);
 
-                        if (d < curdist) {
-                            curdist = d;
-                            currObj = cand;
-                            changed = true;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+        std::vector<std::mutex>(new_max_elements).swap(link_list_locks_);
 
-            if (num_deleted_) {
-                std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint  >> top_candidates1=searchBaseLayerST<true>(currObj, query_data,
-                                                                                                           ef_);
-                top_candidates.swap(top_candidates1);
-            }
-            else{
-                std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint  >> top_candidates1=searchBaseLayerST<false>(currObj, query_data,
-                                                                                                            ef_);
-                top_candidates.swap(top_candidates1);
-            }
-
-            while (top_candidates.size() > k) {
-                top_candidates.pop();
-            }
-            return top_candidates;
-        };
+        // Reallocate base layer
+        char * data_level0_memory_new = (char *) realloc(data_level0_memory_, new_max_elements * size_data_per_element_);
+        if (data_level0_memory_new == nullptr)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory: resizeIndex failed to allocate base layer");
+        data_level0_memory_ = data_level0_memory_new;
 
-        void resizeIndex(size_t new_max_elements){
-            if (new_max_elements<cur_element_count)
-                throw std::runtime_error("Cannot resize, max element is less than the current number of elements");
+        // Reallocate all other layers
+        char ** linkLists_new = (char **) realloc(linkLists_, sizeof(void *) * new_max_elements);
+        if (linkLists_new == nullptr)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory: resizeIndex failed to allocate other layers");
+        linkLists_ = linkLists_new;
 
+        max_elements_ = new_max_elements;
+    }
 
-            delete visited_list_pool_;
-            visited_list_pool_ = new VisitedListPool(1, new_max_elements);
 
+    void saveIndex(const std::string &location) {
+        std::ofstream output(location, std::ios::binary);
+        std::streampos position;
 
-            element_levels_.resize(new_max_elements);
+        writeBinaryPOD(output, offsetLevel0_);
+        writeBinaryPOD(output, max_elements_);
+        writeBinaryPOD(output, cur_element_count);
+        writeBinaryPOD(output, size_data_per_element_);
+        writeBinaryPOD(output, label_offset_);
+        writeBinaryPOD(output, offsetData_);
+        writeBinaryPOD(output, maxlevel_);
+        writeBinaryPOD(output, enterpoint_node_);
+        writeBinaryPOD(output, maxM_);
 
-            std::vector<std::mutex>(new_max_elements).swap(link_list_locks_);
+        writeBinaryPOD(output, maxM0_);
+        writeBinaryPOD(output, M_);
+        writeBinaryPOD(output, mult_);
+        writeBinaryPOD(output, ef_construction_);
 
-            // Reallocate base layer
-            char * data_level0_memory_new = (char *) realloc(data_level0_memory_, new_max_elements * size_data_per_element_);
-            if (data_level0_memory_new == nullptr)
-                throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory: resizeIndex failed to allocate base layer");
-            data_level0_memory_ = data_level0_memory_new;
+        output.write(data_level0_memory_, cur_element_count * size_data_per_element_);
 
-            // Reallocate all other layers
-            char ** linkLists_new = (char **) realloc(linkLists_, sizeof(void *) * new_max_elements);
-            if (linkLists_new == nullptr)
-                throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory: resizeIndex failed to allocate other layers");
-            linkLists_ = linkLists_new;
-
-            max_elements_ = new_max_elements;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_element_count; i++) {
+            unsigned int linkListSize = element_levels_[i] > 0 ? size_links_per_element_ * element_levels_[i] : 0;
+            writeBinaryPOD(output, linkListSize);
+            if (linkListSize)
+                output.write(linkLists_[i], linkListSize);
         }
+        output.close();
+    }
+
+
+    void loadIndex(const std::string &location, SpaceInterface<dist_t> *s, size_t max_elements_i = 0) {
+        std::ifstream input(location, std::ios::binary);
+
+        if (!input.is_open())
+            throw std::runtime_error("Cannot open file");
+
+        // get file size:
+        input.seekg(0, input.end);
+        std::streampos total_filesize = input.tellg();
+        input.seekg(0, input.beg);
+
+        readBinaryPOD(input, offsetLevel0_);
+        readBinaryPOD(input, max_elements_);
+        readBinaryPOD(input, cur_element_count);
+
+        size_t max_elements = max_elements_i;
+        if (max_elements < cur_element_count)
+            max_elements = max_elements_;
+        max_elements_ = max_elements;
+        readBinaryPOD(input, size_data_per_element_);
+        readBinaryPOD(input, label_offset_);
+        readBinaryPOD(input, offsetData_);
+        readBinaryPOD(input, maxlevel_);
+        readBinaryPOD(input, enterpoint_node_);
+
+        readBinaryPOD(input, maxM_);
+        readBinaryPOD(input, maxM0_);
+        readBinaryPOD(input, M_);
+        readBinaryPOD(input, mult_);
+        readBinaryPOD(input, ef_construction_);
+
+        data_size_ = s->get_data_size();
+        fstdistfunc_ = s->get_dist_func();
+        dist_func_param_ = s->get_dist_func_param();
+
+        auto pos = input.tellg();
+
+        /// Optional - check if index is ok:
+        input.seekg(cur_element_count * size_data_per_element_, input.cur);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_element_count; i++) {
+            if (input.tellg() < 0 || input.tellg() >= total_filesize) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Index seems to be corrupted or unsupported");
+            }
 
-        void saveIndex(const std::string &location) {
-            std::ofstream output(location, std::ios::binary);
-            std::streampos position;
-
-            writeBinaryPOD(output, offsetLevel0_);
-            writeBinaryPOD(output, max_elements_);
-            writeBinaryPOD(output, cur_element_count);
-            writeBinaryPOD(output, size_data_per_element_);
-            writeBinaryPOD(output, label_offset_);
-            writeBinaryPOD(output, offsetData_);
-            writeBinaryPOD(output, maxlevel_);
-            writeBinaryPOD(output, enterpoint_node_);
-            writeBinaryPOD(output, maxM_);
-
-            writeBinaryPOD(output, maxM0_);
-            writeBinaryPOD(output, M_);
-            writeBinaryPOD(output, mult_);
-            writeBinaryPOD(output, ef_construction_);
-
-            output.write(data_level0_memory_, cur_element_count * size_data_per_element_);
-
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_element_count; i++) {
-                unsigned int linkListSize = element_levels_[i] > 0 ? size_links_per_element_ * element_levels_[i] : 0;
-                writeBinaryPOD(output, linkListSize);
-                if (linkListSize)
-                    output.write(linkLists_[i], linkListSize);
+            unsigned int linkListSize;
+            readBinaryPOD(input, linkListSize);
+            if (linkListSize != 0) {
+                input.seekg(linkListSize, input.cur);
             }
-            output.close();
         }
 
-        void loadIndex(const std::string &location, SpaceInterface<dist_t> *s, size_t max_elements_i=0) {
-            std::ifstream input(location, std::ios::binary);
-
-            if (!input.is_open())
-                throw std::runtime_error("Cannot open file");
-
-            // get file size:
-            input.seekg(0,input.end);
-            std::streampos total_filesize=input.tellg();
-            input.seekg(0,input.beg);
-
-            readBinaryPOD(input, offsetLevel0_);
-            readBinaryPOD(input, max_elements_);
-            readBinaryPOD(input, cur_element_count);
+        // throw exception if it either corrupted or old index
+        if (input.tellg() != total_filesize)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Index seems to be corrupted or unsupported");
+
+        input.clear();
+        /// Optional check end
+
+        input.seekg(pos, input.beg);
+
+        data_level0_memory_ = (char *) malloc(max_elements * size_data_per_element_);
+        if (data_level0_memory_ == nullptr)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory: loadIndex failed to allocate level0");
+        input.read(data_level0_memory_, cur_element_count * size_data_per_element_);
+
+        size_links_per_element_ = maxM_ * sizeof(tableint) + sizeof(linklistsizeint);
+
+        size_links_level0_ = maxM0_ * sizeof(tableint) + sizeof(linklistsizeint);
+        std::vector<std::mutex>(max_elements).swap(link_list_locks_);
+        std::vector<std::mutex>(MAX_LABEL_OPERATION_LOCKS).swap(label_op_locks_);
+
+        visited_list_pool_ = new VisitedListPool(1, max_elements);
+
+        linkLists_ = (char **) malloc(sizeof(void *) * max_elements);
+        if (linkLists_ == nullptr)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory: loadIndex failed to allocate linklists");
+        element_levels_ = std::vector<int>(max_elements);
+        revSize_ = 1.0 / mult_;
+        ef_ = 10;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_element_count; i++) {
+            label_lookup_[getExternalLabel(i)] = i;
+            unsigned int linkListSize;
+            readBinaryPOD(input, linkListSize);
+            if (linkListSize == 0) {
+                element_levels_[i] = 0;
+                linkLists_[i] = nullptr;
+            } else {
+                element_levels_[i] = linkListSize / size_links_per_element_;
+                linkLists_[i] = (char *) malloc(linkListSize);
+                if (linkLists_[i] == nullptr)
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory: loadIndex failed to allocate linklist");
+                input.read(linkLists_[i], linkListSize);
+            }
+        }
 
-            size_t max_elements = max_elements_i;
-            if(max_elements < cur_element_count)
-                max_elements = max_elements_;
-            max_elements_ = max_elements;
-            readBinaryPOD(input, size_data_per_element_);
-            readBinaryPOD(input, label_offset_);
-            readBinaryPOD(input, offsetData_);
-            readBinaryPOD(input, maxlevel_);
-            readBinaryPOD(input, enterpoint_node_);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_element_count; i++) {
+            if (isMarkedDeleted(i)) {
+                num_deleted_ += 1;
+                if (allow_replace_deleted_) deleted_elements.insert(i);
+            }
+        }
 
-            readBinaryPOD(input, maxM_);
-            readBinaryPOD(input, maxM0_);
-            readBinaryPOD(input, M_);
-            readBinaryPOD(input, mult_);
-            readBinaryPOD(input, ef_construction_);
+        input.close();
 
+        return;
+    }
 
-            data_size_ = s->get_data_size();
-            fstdistfunc_ = s->get_dist_func();
-            dist_func_param_ = s->get_dist_func_param();
 
-            auto pos=input.tellg();
+    template<typename data_t>
+    std::vector<data_t> getDataByLabel(labeltype label) const {
+        // lock all operations with element by label
+        std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_label(getLabelOpMutex(label));
 
+        std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_table(label_lookup_lock);
+        auto search = label_lookup_.find(label);
+        if (search == label_lookup_.end() || isMarkedDeleted(search->second)) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Label not found");
+        }
+        tableint internalId = search->second;
+        lock_table.unlock();
+
+        char* data_ptrv = getDataByInternalId(internalId);
+        size_t dim = *((size_t *) dist_func_param_);
+        std::vector<data_t> data;
+        data_t* data_ptr = (data_t*) data_ptrv;
+        for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
+            data.push_back(*data_ptr);
+            data_ptr += 1;
+        }
+        return data;
+    }
 
-            /// Optional - check if index is ok:
 
-            input.seekg(cur_element_count * size_data_per_element_,input.cur);
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_element_count; i++) {
-                if(input.tellg() < 0 || input.tellg()>=total_filesize){
-                    throw std::runtime_error("Index seems to be corrupted or unsupported");
-                }
+    /*
+    * Marks an element with the given label deleted, does NOT really change the current graph.
+    */
+    void markDelete(labeltype label) {
+        // lock all operations with element by label
+        std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_label(getLabelOpMutex(label));
 
-                unsigned int linkListSize;
-                readBinaryPOD(input, linkListSize);
-                if (linkListSize != 0) {
-                    input.seekg(linkListSize,input.cur);
-                }
+        std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_table(label_lookup_lock);
+        auto search = label_lookup_.find(label);
+        if (search == label_lookup_.end()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Label not found");
+        }
+        tableint internalId = search->second;
+        lock_table.unlock();
+
+        markDeletedInternal(internalId);
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+    * Uses the last 16 bits of the memory for the linked list size to store the mark,
+    * whereas maxM0_ has to be limited to the lower 16 bits, however, still large enough in almost all cases.
+    */
+    void markDeletedInternal(tableint internalId) {
+        assert(internalId < cur_element_count);
+        if (!isMarkedDeleted(internalId)) {
+            unsigned char *ll_cur = ((unsigned char *)get_linklist0(internalId))+2;
+            *ll_cur |= DELETE_MARK;
+            num_deleted_ += 1;
+            if (allow_replace_deleted_) {
+                std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_deleted_elements(deleted_elements_lock);
+                deleted_elements.insert(internalId);
             }
+        } else {
+            throw std::runtime_error("The requested to delete element is already deleted");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+    * Removes the deleted mark of the node, does NOT really change the current graph.
+    *
+    * Note: the method is not safe to use when replacement of deleted elements is enabled,
+    *  because elements marked as deleted can be completely removed by addPoint
+    */
+    void unmarkDelete(labeltype label) {
+        // lock all operations with element by label
+        std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_label(getLabelOpMutex(label));
+
+        std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_table(label_lookup_lock);
+        auto search = label_lookup_.find(label);
+        if (search == label_lookup_.end()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Label not found");
+        }
+        tableint internalId = search->second;
+        lock_table.unlock();
+
+        unmarkDeletedInternal(internalId);
+    }
+
+
+
+    /*
+    * Remove the deleted mark of the node.
+    */
+    void unmarkDeletedInternal(tableint internalId) {
+        assert(internalId < cur_element_count);
+        if (isMarkedDeleted(internalId)) {
+            unsigned char *ll_cur = ((unsigned char *)get_linklist0(internalId)) + 2;
+            *ll_cur &= ~DELETE_MARK;
+            num_deleted_ -= 1;
+            if (allow_replace_deleted_) {
+                std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_deleted_elements(deleted_elements_lock);
+                deleted_elements.erase(internalId);
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw std::runtime_error("The requested to undelete element is not deleted");
+        }
+    }
 
-            // throw exception if it either corrupted or old index
-            if(input.tellg()!=total_filesize)
-                throw std::runtime_error("Index seems to be corrupted or unsupported");
-
-            input.clear();
-
-            /// Optional check end
-
-            input.seekg(pos,input.beg);
-
-            data_level0_memory_ = (char *) malloc(max_elements * size_data_per_element_);
-            if (data_level0_memory_ == nullptr)
-                throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory: loadIndex failed to allocate level0");
-            input.read(data_level0_memory_, cur_element_count * size_data_per_element_);
 
-            size_links_per_element_ = maxM_ * sizeof(tableint) + sizeof(linklistsizeint);
+    /*
+    * Checks the first 16 bits of the memory to see if the element is marked deleted.
+    */
+    bool isMarkedDeleted(tableint internalId) const {
+        unsigned char *ll_cur = ((unsigned char*)get_linklist0(internalId)) + 2;
+        return *ll_cur & DELETE_MARK;
+    }
 
-            size_links_level0_ = maxM0_ * sizeof(tableint) + sizeof(linklistsizeint);
-            std::vector<std::mutex>(max_elements).swap(link_list_locks_);
-            std::vector<std::mutex>(max_update_element_locks).swap(link_list_update_locks_);
 
-            visited_list_pool_ = new VisitedListPool(1, max_elements);
+    unsigned short int getListCount(linklistsizeint * ptr) const {
+        return *((unsigned short int *)ptr);
+    }
 
-            linkLists_ = (char **) malloc(sizeof(void *) * max_elements);
-            if (linkLists_ == nullptr)
-                throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory: loadIndex failed to allocate linklists");
-            element_levels_ = std::vector<int>(max_elements);
-            revSize_ = 1.0 / mult_;
-            ef_ = 10;
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_element_count; i++) {
-                label_lookup_[getExternalLabel(i)]=i;
-                unsigned int linkListSize;
-                readBinaryPOD(input, linkListSize);
-                if (linkListSize == 0) {
-                    element_levels_[i] = 0;
 
-                    linkLists_[i] = nullptr;
-                } else {
-                    element_levels_[i] = linkListSize / size_links_per_element_;
-                    linkLists_[i] = (char *) malloc(linkListSize);
-                    if (linkLists_[i] == nullptr)
-                        throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory: loadIndex failed to allocate linklist");
-                    input.read(linkLists_[i], linkListSize);
-                }
-            }
-
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_element_count; i++) {
-                if(isMarkedDeleted(i))
-                    num_deleted_ += 1;
-            }
+    void setListCount(linklistsizeint * ptr, unsigned short int size) const {
+        *((unsigned short int*)(ptr))=*((unsigned short int *)&size);
+    }
 
-            input.close();
 
-            return;
+    /*
+    * Adds point. Updates the point if it is already in the index.
+    * If replacement of deleted elements is enabled: replaces previously deleted point if any, updating it with new point
+    */
+    void addPoint(const void *data_point, labeltype label, bool replace_deleted = false) {
+        if ((allow_replace_deleted_ == false) && (replace_deleted == true)) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Replacement of deleted elements is disabled in constructor");
         }
 
-        template<typename data_t>
-        std::vector<data_t> getDataByLabel(labeltype label) const
-        {
-            tableint label_c;
-            auto search = label_lookup_.find(label);
-            if (search == label_lookup_.end() || isMarkedDeleted(search->second)) {
-                throw std::runtime_error("Label not found");
-            }
-            label_c = search->second;
-
-            char* data_ptrv = getDataByInternalId(label_c);
-            size_t dim = *((size_t *) dist_func_param_);
-            std::vector<data_t> data;
-            data_t* data_ptr = (data_t*) data_ptrv;
-            for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
-                data.push_back(*data_ptr);
-                data_ptr += 1;
-            }
-            return data;
+        // lock all operations with element by label
+        std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_label(getLabelOpMutex(label));
+        if (!replace_deleted) {
+            addPoint(data_point, label, -1);
+            return;
         }
-
-        static const unsigned char DELETE_MARK = 0x01;
-        // static const unsigned char REUSE_MARK = 0x10;
-        /**
-         * Marks an element with the given label deleted, does NOT really change the current graph.
-         * @param label
-         */
-        void markDelete(labeltype label)
-        {
-            auto search = label_lookup_.find(label);
-            if (search == label_lookup_.end()) {
-                throw std::runtime_error("Label not found");
-            }
-            tableint internalId = search->second;
-            markDeletedInternal(internalId);
+        // check if there is vacant place
+        tableint internal_id_replaced;
+        std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_deleted_elements(deleted_elements_lock);
+        bool is_vacant_place = !deleted_elements.empty();
+        if (is_vacant_place) {
+            internal_id_replaced = *deleted_elements.begin();
+            deleted_elements.erase(internal_id_replaced);
         }
-
-        /**
-         * Uses the first 8 bits of the memory for the linked list to store the mark,
-         * whereas maxM0_ has to be limited to the lower 24 bits, however, still large enough in almost all cases.
-         * @param internalId
-         */
-        void markDeletedInternal(tableint internalId) {
-            assert(internalId < cur_element_count);
-            if (!isMarkedDeleted(internalId))
-            {
-                unsigned char *ll_cur = ((unsigned char *)get_linklist0(internalId))+2;
-                *ll_cur |= DELETE_MARK;
-                num_deleted_ += 1;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                throw std::runtime_error("The requested to delete element is already deleted");
-            }
+        lock_deleted_elements.unlock();
+
+        // if there is no vacant place then add or update point
+        // else add point to vacant place
+        if (!is_vacant_place) {
+            addPoint(data_point, label, -1);
+        } else {
+            // we assume that there are no concurrent operations on deleted element
+            labeltype label_replaced = getExternalLabel(internal_id_replaced);
+            setExternalLabel(internal_id_replaced, label);
+
+            std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_table(label_lookup_lock);
+            label_lookup_.erase(label_replaced);
+            label_lookup_[label] = internal_id_replaced;
+            lock_table.unlock();
+
+            unmarkDeletedInternal(internal_id_replaced);
+            updatePoint(data_point, internal_id_replaced, 1.0);
         }
+    }
 
-        /**
-         * Remove the deleted mark of the node, does NOT really change the current graph.
-         * @param label
-         */
-        void unmarkDelete(labeltype label)
-        {
-            auto search = label_lookup_.find(label);
-            if (search == label_lookup_.end()) {
-                throw std::runtime_error("Label not found");
-            }
-            tableint internalId = search->second;
-            unmarkDeletedInternal(internalId);
-        }
 
-        /**
-         * Remove the deleted mark of the node.
-         * @param internalId
-         */
-        void unmarkDeletedInternal(tableint internalId) {
-            assert(internalId < cur_element_count);
-            if (isMarkedDeleted(internalId))
-            {
-                unsigned char *ll_cur = ((unsigned char *)get_linklist0(internalId))+2;
-                *ll_cur &= ~DELETE_MARK;
-                num_deleted_ -= 1;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                throw std::runtime_error("The requested to undelete element is not deleted");
-            }
-        }
+    void updatePoint(const void *dataPoint, tableint internalId, float updateNeighborProbability) {
+        // update the feature vector associated with existing point with new vector
+        memcpy(getDataByInternalId(internalId), dataPoint, data_size_);
 
-        /**
-         * Checks the first 8 bits of the memory to see if the element is marked deleted.
-         * @param internalId
-         * @return
-         */
-        bool isMarkedDeleted(tableint internalId) const {
-            unsigned char *ll_cur = ((unsigned char*)get_linklist0(internalId))+2;
-            return *ll_cur & DELETE_MARK;
-        }
+        int maxLevelCopy = maxlevel_;
+        tableint entryPointCopy = enterpoint_node_;
+        // If point to be updated is entry point and graph just contains single element then just return.
+        if (entryPointCopy == internalId && cur_element_count == 1)
+            return;
 
-        unsigned short int getListCount(linklistsizeint * ptr) const {
-            return *((unsigned short int *)ptr);
-        }
+        int elemLevel = element_levels_[internalId];
+        std::uniform_real_distribution<float> distribution(0.0, 1.0);
+        for (int layer = 0; layer <= elemLevel; layer++) {
+            std::unordered_set<tableint> sCand;
+            std::unordered_set<tableint> sNeigh;
+            std::vector<tableint> listOneHop = getConnectionsWithLock(internalId, layer);
+            if (listOneHop.size() == 0)
+                continue;
 
-        void setListCount(linklistsizeint * ptr, unsigned short int size) const {
-            *((unsigned short int*)(ptr))=*((unsigned short int *)&size);
-        }
+            sCand.insert(internalId);
 
-        void addPoint(const void *data_point, labeltype label) {
-            addPoint(data_point, label,-1);
-        }
+            for (auto&& elOneHop : listOneHop) {
+                sCand.insert(elOneHop);
 
-        void updatePoint(const void *dataPoint, tableint internalId, float updateNeighborProbability) {
-            // update the feature vector associated with existing point with new vector
-            memcpy(getDataByInternalId(internalId), dataPoint, data_size_);
-
-            int maxLevelCopy = maxlevel_;
-            tableint entryPointCopy = enterpoint_node_;
-            // If point to be updated is entry point and graph just contains single element then just return.
-            if (entryPointCopy == internalId && cur_element_count == 1)
-                return;
-
-            int elemLevel = element_levels_[internalId];
-            std::uniform_real_distribution<float> distribution(0.0, 1.0);
-            for (int layer = 0; layer <= elemLevel; layer++) {
-                std::unordered_set<tableint> sCand;
-                std::unordered_set<tableint> sNeigh;
-                std::vector<tableint> listOneHop = getConnectionsWithLock(internalId, layer);
-                if (listOneHop.size() == 0)
+                if (distribution(update_probability_generator_) > updateNeighborProbability)
                     continue;
 
-                sCand.insert(internalId);
+                sNeigh.insert(elOneHop);
 
-                for (auto&& elOneHop : listOneHop) {
-                    sCand.insert(elOneHop);
-
-                    if (distribution(update_probability_generator_) > updateNeighborProbability)
-                        continue;
-
-                    sNeigh.insert(elOneHop);
-
-                    std::vector<tableint> listTwoHop = getConnectionsWithLock(elOneHop, layer);
-                    for (auto&& elTwoHop : listTwoHop) {
-                        sCand.insert(elTwoHop);
-                    }
+                std::vector<tableint> listTwoHop = getConnectionsWithLock(elOneHop, layer);
+                for (auto&& elTwoHop : listTwoHop) {
+                    sCand.insert(elTwoHop);
                 }
+            }
 
-                for (auto&& neigh : sNeigh) {
-                    // if (neigh == internalId)
-                    //     continue;
+            for (auto&& neigh : sNeigh) {
+                // if (neigh == internalId)
+                //     continue;
 
-                    std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> candidates;
-                    size_t size = sCand.find(neigh) == sCand.end() ? sCand.size() : sCand.size() - 1; // sCand guaranteed to have size >= 1
-                    size_t elementsToKeep = std::min(ef_construction_, size);
-                    for (auto&& cand : sCand) {
-                        if (cand == neigh)
-                            continue;
-
-                        dist_t distance = fstdistfunc_(getDataByInternalId(neigh), getDataByInternalId(cand), dist_func_param_);
-                        if (candidates.size() < elementsToKeep) {
+                std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> candidates;
+                size_t size = sCand.find(neigh) == sCand.end() ? sCand.size() : sCand.size() - 1;  // sCand guaranteed to have size >= 1
+                size_t elementsToKeep = std::min(ef_construction_, size);
+                for (auto&& cand : sCand) {
+                    if (cand == neigh)
+                        continue;
+
+                    dist_t distance = fstdistfunc_(getDataByInternalId(neigh), getDataByInternalId(cand), dist_func_param_);
+                    if (candidates.size() < elementsToKeep) {
+                        candidates.emplace(distance, cand);
+                    } else {
+                        if (distance < candidates.top().first) {
+                            candidates.pop();
                             candidates.emplace(distance, cand);
-                        } else {
-                            if (distance < candidates.top().first) {
-                                candidates.pop();
-                                candidates.emplace(distance, cand);
-                            }
                         }
                     }
+                }
 
-                    // Retrieve neighbours using heuristic and set connections.
-                    getNeighborsByHeuristic2(candidates, layer == 0 ? maxM0_ : maxM_);
-
-                    {
-                        std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock(link_list_locks_[neigh]);
-                        linklistsizeint *ll_cur;
-                        ll_cur = get_linklist_at_level(neigh, layer);
-                        size_t candSize = candidates.size();
-                        setListCount(ll_cur, candSize);
-                        tableint *data = (tableint *) (ll_cur + 1);
-                        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < candSize; idx++) {
-                            data[idx] = candidates.top().second;
-                            candidates.pop();
-                        }
+                // Retrieve neighbours using heuristic and set connections.
+                getNeighborsByHeuristic2(candidates, layer == 0 ? maxM0_ : maxM_);
+
+                {
+                    std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock(link_list_locks_[neigh]);
+                    linklistsizeint *ll_cur;
+                    ll_cur = get_linklist_at_level(neigh, layer);
+                    size_t candSize = candidates.size();
+                    setListCount(ll_cur, candSize);
+                    tableint *data = (tableint *) (ll_cur + 1);
+                    for (size_t idx = 0; idx < candSize; idx++) {
+                        data[idx] = candidates.top().second;
+                        candidates.pop();
                     }
                 }
             }
+        }
 
-            repairConnectionsForUpdate(dataPoint, entryPointCopy, internalId, elemLevel, maxLevelCopy);
-        };
+        repairConnectionsForUpdate(dataPoint, entryPointCopy, internalId, elemLevel, maxLevelCopy);
+    }
 
-        void repairConnectionsForUpdate(const void *dataPoint, tableint entryPointInternalId, tableint dataPointInternalId, int dataPointLevel, int maxLevel) {
-            tableint currObj = entryPointInternalId;
-            if (dataPointLevel < maxLevel) {
-                dist_t curdist = fstdistfunc_(dataPoint, getDataByInternalId(currObj), dist_func_param_);
-                for (int level = maxLevel; level > dataPointLevel; level--) {
-                    bool changed = true;
-                    while (changed) {
-                        changed = false;
-                        unsigned int *data;
-                        std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock(link_list_locks_[currObj]);
-                        data = get_linklist_at_level(currObj,level);
-                        int size = getListCount(data);
-                        tableint *datal = (tableint *) (data + 1);
+
+    void repairConnectionsForUpdate(
+        const void *dataPoint,
+        tableint entryPointInternalId,
+        tableint dataPointInternalId,
+        int dataPointLevel,
+        int maxLevel) {
+        tableint currObj = entryPointInternalId;
+        if (dataPointLevel < maxLevel) {
+            dist_t curdist = fstdistfunc_(dataPoint, getDataByInternalId(currObj), dist_func_param_);
+            for (int level = maxLevel; level > dataPointLevel; level--) {
+                bool changed = true;
+                while (changed) {
+                    changed = false;
+                    unsigned int *data;
+                    std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock(link_list_locks_[currObj]);
+                    data = get_linklist_at_level(currObj, level);
+                    int size = getListCount(data);
+                    tableint *datal = (tableint *) (data + 1);
 #ifdef USE_SSE
-                        _mm_prefetch(getDataByInternalId(*datal), _MM_HINT_T0);
+                    _mm_prefetch(getDataByInternalId(*datal), _MM_HINT_T0);
 #endif
-                        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
 #ifdef USE_SSE
-                            _mm_prefetch(getDataByInternalId(*(datal + i + 1)), _MM_HINT_T0);
+                        _mm_prefetch(getDataByInternalId(*(datal + i + 1)), _MM_HINT_T0);
 #endif
-                            tableint cand = datal[i];
-                            dist_t d = fstdistfunc_(dataPoint, getDataByInternalId(cand), dist_func_param_);
-                            if (d < curdist) {
-                                curdist = d;
-                                currObj = cand;
-                                changed = true;
-                            }
+                        tableint cand = datal[i];
+                        dist_t d = fstdistfunc_(dataPoint, getDataByInternalId(cand), dist_func_param_);
+                        if (d < curdist) {
+                            curdist = d;
+                            currObj = cand;
+                            changed = true;
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
+        }
 
-            if (dataPointLevel > maxLevel)
-                throw std::runtime_error("Level of item to be updated cannot be bigger than max level");
-
-            for (int level = dataPointLevel; level >= 0; level--) {
-                std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> topCandidates = searchBaseLayer(
-                        currObj, dataPoint, level);
+        if (dataPointLevel > maxLevel)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Level of item to be updated cannot be bigger than max level");
 
-                std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> filteredTopCandidates;
-                while (topCandidates.size() > 0) {
-                    if (topCandidates.top().second != dataPointInternalId)
-                        filteredTopCandidates.push(topCandidates.top());
+        for (int level = dataPointLevel; level >= 0; level--) {
+            std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> topCandidates = searchBaseLayer(
+                    currObj, dataPoint, level);
 
-                    topCandidates.pop();
-                }
+            std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> filteredTopCandidates;
+            while (topCandidates.size() > 0) {
+                if (topCandidates.top().second != dataPointInternalId)
+                    filteredTopCandidates.push(topCandidates.top());
 
-                // Since element_levels_ is being used to get `dataPointLevel`, there could be cases where `topCandidates` could just contains entry point itself.
-                // To prevent self loops, the `topCandidates` is filtered and thus can be empty.
-                if (filteredTopCandidates.size() > 0) {
-                    bool epDeleted = isMarkedDeleted(entryPointInternalId);
-                    if (epDeleted) {
-                        filteredTopCandidates.emplace(fstdistfunc_(dataPoint, getDataByInternalId(entryPointInternalId), dist_func_param_), entryPointInternalId);
-                        if (filteredTopCandidates.size() > ef_construction_)
-                            filteredTopCandidates.pop();
-                    }
+                topCandidates.pop();
+            }
 
-                    currObj = mutuallyConnectNewElement(dataPoint, dataPointInternalId, filteredTopCandidates, level, true);
+            // Since element_levels_ is being used to get `dataPointLevel`, there could be cases where `topCandidates` could just contains entry point itself.
+            // To prevent self loops, the `topCandidates` is filtered and thus can be empty.
+            if (filteredTopCandidates.size() > 0) {
+                bool epDeleted = isMarkedDeleted(entryPointInternalId);
+                if (epDeleted) {
+                    filteredTopCandidates.emplace(fstdistfunc_(dataPoint, getDataByInternalId(entryPointInternalId), dist_func_param_), entryPointInternalId);
+                    if (filteredTopCandidates.size() > ef_construction_)
+                        filteredTopCandidates.pop();
                 }
+
+                currObj = mutuallyConnectNewElement(dataPoint, dataPointInternalId, filteredTopCandidates, level, true);
             }
         }
+    }
+
 
-        std::vector<tableint> getConnectionsWithLock(tableint internalId, int level) {
-            std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock(link_list_locks_[internalId]);
-            unsigned int *data = get_linklist_at_level(internalId, level);
-            int size = getListCount(data);
-            std::vector<tableint> result(size);
-            tableint *ll = (tableint *) (data + 1);
-            memcpy(result.data(), ll,size * sizeof(tableint));
-            return result;
-        };
-
-        tableint addPoint(const void *data_point, labeltype label, int level) {
-
-            tableint cur_c = 0;
-            {
-                // Checking if the element with the same label already exists
-                // if so, updating it *instead* of creating a new element.
-                std::unique_lock <std::mutex> templock_curr(cur_element_count_guard_);
-                auto search = label_lookup_.find(label);
-                if (search != label_lookup_.end()) {
-                    tableint existingInternalId = search->second;
-                    templock_curr.unlock();
-
-                    std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_el_update(link_list_update_locks_[(existingInternalId & (max_update_element_locks - 1))]);
+    std::vector<tableint> getConnectionsWithLock(tableint internalId, int level) {
+        std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock(link_list_locks_[internalId]);
+        unsigned int *data = get_linklist_at_level(internalId, level);
+        int size = getListCount(data);
+        std::vector<tableint> result(size);
+        tableint *ll = (tableint *) (data + 1);
+        memcpy(result.data(), ll, size * sizeof(tableint));
+        return result;
+    }
 
+
+    tableint addPoint(const void *data_point, labeltype label, int level) {
+        tableint cur_c = 0;
+        {
+            // Checking if the element with the same label already exists
+            // if so, updating it *instead* of creating a new element.
+            std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_table(label_lookup_lock);
+            auto search = label_lookup_.find(label);
+            if (search != label_lookup_.end()) {
+                tableint existingInternalId = search->second;
+                if (allow_replace_deleted_) {
                     if (isMarkedDeleted(existingInternalId)) {
-                        unmarkDeletedInternal(existingInternalId);
+                        throw std::runtime_error("Can't use addPoint to update deleted elements if replacement of deleted elements is enabled.");
                     }
-                    updatePoint(data_point, existingInternalId, 1.0);
-
-                    return existingInternalId;
                 }
+                lock_table.unlock();
 
-                if (cur_element_count >= max_elements_) {
-                    throw std::runtime_error("The number of elements exceeds the specified limit");
-                };
+                if (isMarkedDeleted(existingInternalId)) {
+                    unmarkDeletedInternal(existingInternalId);
+                }
+                updatePoint(data_point, existingInternalId, 1.0);
 
-                cur_c = cur_element_count;
-                cur_element_count++;
-                label_lookup_[label] = cur_c;
+                return existingInternalId;
             }
 
-            // Take update lock to prevent race conditions on an element with insertion/update at the same time.
-            std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_el_update(link_list_update_locks_[(cur_c & (max_update_element_locks - 1))]);
-            std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_el(link_list_locks_[cur_c]);
-            int curlevel = getRandomLevel(mult_);
-            if (level > 0)
-                curlevel = level;
+            if (cur_element_count >= max_elements_) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("The number of elements exceeds the specified limit");
+            }
 
-            element_levels_[cur_c] = curlevel;
+            cur_c = cur_element_count;
+            cur_element_count++;
+            label_lookup_[label] = cur_c;
+        }
 
+        std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock_el(link_list_locks_[cur_c]);
+        int curlevel = getRandomLevel(mult_);
+        if (level > 0)
+            curlevel = level;
 
-            std::unique_lock <std::mutex> templock(global);
-            int maxlevelcopy = maxlevel_;
-            if (curlevel <= maxlevelcopy)
-                templock.unlock();
-            tableint currObj = enterpoint_node_;
-            tableint enterpoint_copy = enterpoint_node_;
+        element_levels_[cur_c] = curlevel;
 
+        std::unique_lock <std::mutex> templock(global);
+        int maxlevelcopy = maxlevel_;
+        if (curlevel <= maxlevelcopy)
+            templock.unlock();
+        tableint currObj = enterpoint_node_;
+        tableint enterpoint_copy = enterpoint_node_;
 
-            memset(data_level0_memory_ + cur_c * size_data_per_element_ + offsetLevel0_, 0, size_data_per_element_);
+        memset(data_level0_memory_ + cur_c * size_data_per_element_ + offsetLevel0_, 0, size_data_per_element_);
 
-            // Initialisation of the data and label
-            memcpy(getExternalLabeLp(cur_c), &label, sizeof(labeltype));
-            memcpy(getDataByInternalId(cur_c), data_point, data_size_);
+        // Initialisation of the data and label
+        memcpy(getExternalLabeLp(cur_c), &label, sizeof(labeltype));
+        memcpy(getDataByInternalId(cur_c), data_point, data_size_);
 
+        if (curlevel) {
+            linkLists_[cur_c] = (char *) malloc(size_links_per_element_ * curlevel + 1);
+            if (linkLists_[cur_c] == nullptr)
+                throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory: addPoint failed to allocate linklist");
+            memset(linkLists_[cur_c], 0, size_links_per_element_ * curlevel + 1);
+        }
 
-            if (curlevel) {
-                linkLists_[cur_c] = (char *) malloc(size_links_per_element_ * curlevel + 1);
-                if (linkLists_[cur_c] == nullptr)
-                    throw std::runtime_error("Not enough memory: addPoint failed to allocate linklist");
-                memset(linkLists_[cur_c], 0, size_links_per_element_ * curlevel + 1);
-            }
+        if ((signed)currObj != -1) {
+            if (curlevel < maxlevelcopy) {
+                dist_t curdist = fstdistfunc_(data_point, getDataByInternalId(currObj), dist_func_param_);
+                for (int level = maxlevelcopy; level > curlevel; level--) {
+                    bool changed = true;
+                    while (changed) {
+                        changed = false;
+                        unsigned int *data;
+                        std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock(link_list_locks_[currObj]);
+                        data = get_linklist(currObj, level);
+                        int size = getListCount(data);
 
-            if ((signed)currObj != -1) {
-
-                if (curlevel < maxlevelcopy) {
-
-                    dist_t curdist = fstdistfunc_(data_point, getDataByInternalId(currObj), dist_func_param_);
-                    for (int level = maxlevelcopy; level > curlevel; level--) {
-
-
-                        bool changed = true;
-                        while (changed) {
-                            changed = false;
-                            unsigned int *data;
-                            std::unique_lock <std::mutex> lock(link_list_locks_[currObj]);
-                            data = get_linklist(currObj,level);
-                            int size = getListCount(data);
-
-                            tableint *datal = (tableint *) (data + 1);
-                            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-                                tableint cand = datal[i];
-                                if (cand < 0 || cand > max_elements_)
-                                    throw std::runtime_error("cand error");
-                                dist_t d = fstdistfunc_(data_point, getDataByInternalId(cand), dist_func_param_);
-                                if (d < curdist) {
-                                    curdist = d;
-                                    currObj = cand;
-                                    changed = true;
-                                }
+                        tableint *datal = (tableint *) (data + 1);
+                        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                            tableint cand = datal[i];
+                            if (cand < 0 || cand > max_elements_)
+                                throw std::runtime_error("cand error");
+                            dist_t d = fstdistfunc_(data_point, getDataByInternalId(cand), dist_func_param_);
+                            if (d < curdist) {
+                                curdist = d;
+                                currObj = cand;
+                                changed = true;
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 }
+            }
 
-                bool epDeleted = isMarkedDeleted(enterpoint_copy);
-                for (int level = std::min(curlevel, maxlevelcopy); level >= 0; level--) {
-                    if (level > maxlevelcopy || level < 0)  // possible?
-                        throw std::runtime_error("Level error");
-
-                    std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> top_candidates = searchBaseLayer(
-                            currObj, data_point, level);
-                    if (epDeleted) {
-                        top_candidates.emplace(fstdistfunc_(data_point, getDataByInternalId(enterpoint_copy), dist_func_param_), enterpoint_copy);
-                        if (top_candidates.size() > ef_construction_)
-                            top_candidates.pop();
-                    }
-                    currObj = mutuallyConnectNewElement(data_point, cur_c, top_candidates, level, false);
+            bool epDeleted = isMarkedDeleted(enterpoint_copy);
+            for (int level = std::min(curlevel, maxlevelcopy); level >= 0; level--) {
+                if (level > maxlevelcopy || level < 0)  // possible?
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Level error");
+
+                std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> top_candidates = searchBaseLayer(
+                        currObj, data_point, level);
+                if (epDeleted) {
+                    top_candidates.emplace(fstdistfunc_(data_point, getDataByInternalId(enterpoint_copy), dist_func_param_), enterpoint_copy);
+                    if (top_candidates.size() > ef_construction_)
+                        top_candidates.pop();
                 }
-
-
-            } else {
-                // Do nothing for the first element
-                enterpoint_node_ = 0;
-                maxlevel_ = curlevel;
-
+                currObj = mutuallyConnectNewElement(data_point, cur_c, top_candidates, level, false);
             }
+        } else {
+            // Do nothing for the first element
+            enterpoint_node_ = 0;
+            maxlevel_ = curlevel;
+        }
 
-            //Releasing lock for the maximum level
-            if (curlevel > maxlevelcopy) {
-                enterpoint_node_ = cur_c;
-                maxlevel_ = curlevel;
-            }
-            return cur_c;
-        };
+        // Releasing lock for the maximum level
+        if (curlevel > maxlevelcopy) {
+            enterpoint_node_ = cur_c;
+            maxlevel_ = curlevel;
+        }
+        return cur_c;
+    }
 
-        std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, labeltype >>
-        searchKnn(const void *query_data, size_t k) const {
-            std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, labeltype >> result;
-            if (cur_element_count == 0) return result;
 
-            tableint currObj = enterpoint_node_;
-            dist_t curdist = fstdistfunc_(query_data, getDataByInternalId(enterpoint_node_), dist_func_param_);
+    std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, labeltype >>
+    searchKnn(const void *query_data, size_t k, BaseFilterFunctor* isIdAllowed = nullptr) const {
+        std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, labeltype >> result;
+        if (cur_element_count == 0) return result;
 
-            for (int level = maxlevel_; level > 0; level--) {
-                bool changed = true;
-                while (changed) {
-                    changed = false;
-                    unsigned int *data;
+        tableint currObj = enterpoint_node_;
+        dist_t curdist = fstdistfunc_(query_data, getDataByInternalId(enterpoint_node_), dist_func_param_);
 
-                    data = (unsigned int *) get_linklist(currObj, level);
-                    int size = getListCount(data);
-                    metric_hops++;
-                    metric_distance_computations+=size;
+        for (int level = maxlevel_; level > 0; level--) {
+            bool changed = true;
+            while (changed) {
+                changed = false;
+                unsigned int *data;
 
-                    tableint *datal = (tableint *) (data + 1);
-                    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-                        tableint cand = datal[i];
-                        if (cand < 0 || cand > max_elements_)
-                            throw std::runtime_error("cand error");
-                        dist_t d = fstdistfunc_(query_data, getDataByInternalId(cand), dist_func_param_);
+                data = (unsigned int *) get_linklist(currObj, level);
+                int size = getListCount(data);
+                metric_hops++;
+                metric_distance_computations+=size;
 
-                        if (d < curdist) {
-                            curdist = d;
-                            currObj = cand;
-                            changed = true;
-                        }
+                tableint *datal = (tableint *) (data + 1);
+                for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                    tableint cand = datal[i];
+                    if (cand < 0 || cand > max_elements_)
+                        throw std::runtime_error("cand error");
+                    dist_t d = fstdistfunc_(query_data, getDataByInternalId(cand), dist_func_param_);
+
+                    if (d < curdist) {
+                        curdist = d;
+                        currObj = cand;
+                        changed = true;
                     }
                 }
             }
+        }
 
-            std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> top_candidates;
-            if (num_deleted_) {
-                top_candidates=searchBaseLayerST<true,true>(
-                        currObj, query_data, std::max(ef_, k));
-            }
-            else{
-                top_candidates=searchBaseLayerST<false,true>(
-                        currObj, query_data, std::max(ef_, k));
-            }
+        std::priority_queue<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>, std::vector<std::pair<dist_t, tableint>>, CompareByFirst> top_candidates;
+        if (num_deleted_) {
+            top_candidates = searchBaseLayerST<true, true>(
+                    currObj, query_data, std::max(ef_, k), isIdAllowed);
+        } else {
+            top_candidates = searchBaseLayerST<false, true>(
+                    currObj, query_data, std::max(ef_, k), isIdAllowed);
+        }
 
-            while (top_candidates.size() > k) {
-                top_candidates.pop();
-            }
-            while (top_candidates.size() > 0) {
-                std::pair<dist_t, tableint> rez = top_candidates.top();
-                result.push(std::pair<dist_t, labeltype>(rez.first, getExternalLabel(rez.second)));
-                top_candidates.pop();
-            }
-            return result;
-        };
-
-        void checkIntegrity(){
-            int connections_checked=0;
-            std::vector <int > inbound_connections_num(cur_element_count,0);
-            for(int i = 0;i < cur_element_count; i++){
-                for(int l = 0;l <= element_levels_[i]; l++){
-                    linklistsizeint *ll_cur = get_linklist_at_level(i,l);
-                    int size = getListCount(ll_cur);
-                    tableint *data = (tableint *) (ll_cur + 1);
-                    std::unordered_set<tableint> s;
-                    for (int j=0; j<size; j++){
-                        assert(data[j] > 0);
-                        assert(data[j] < cur_element_count);
-                        assert (data[j] != i);
-                        inbound_connections_num[data[j]]++;
-                        s.insert(data[j]);
-                        connections_checked++;
+        while (top_candidates.size() > k) {
+            top_candidates.pop();
+        }
+        while (top_candidates.size() > 0) {
+            std::pair<dist_t, tableint> rez = top_candidates.top();
+            result.push(std::pair<dist_t, labeltype>(rez.first, getExternalLabel(rez.second)));
+            top_candidates.pop();
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
 
-                    }
-                    assert(s.size() == size);
+
+    void checkIntegrity() {
+        int connections_checked = 0;
+        std::vector <int > inbound_connections_num(cur_element_count, 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < cur_element_count; i++) {
+            for (int l = 0; l <= element_levels_[i]; l++) {
+                linklistsizeint *ll_cur = get_linklist_at_level(i, l);
+                int size = getListCount(ll_cur);
+                tableint *data = (tableint *) (ll_cur + 1);
+                std::unordered_set<tableint> s;
+                for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+                    assert(data[j] > 0);
+                    assert(data[j] < cur_element_count);
+                    assert(data[j] != i);
+                    inbound_connections_num[data[j]]++;
+                    s.insert(data[j]);
+                    connections_checked++;
                 }
+                assert(s.size() == size);
             }
-            if(cur_element_count > 1){
-                int min1=inbound_connections_num[0], max1=inbound_connections_num[0];
-                for(int i=0; i < cur_element_count; i++){
-                    assert(inbound_connections_num[i] > 0);
-                    min1=std::min(inbound_connections_num[i],min1);
-                    max1=std::max(inbound_connections_num[i],max1);
-                }
-                std::cout << "Min inbound: " << min1 << ", Max inbound:" << max1 << "\n";
+        }
+        if (cur_element_count > 1) {
+            int min1 = inbound_connections_num[0], max1 = inbound_connections_num[0];
+            for (int i=0; i < cur_element_count; i++) {
+                assert(inbound_connections_num[i] > 0);
+                min1 = std::min(inbound_connections_num[i], min1);
+                max1 = std::max(inbound_connections_num[i], max1);
             }
-            std::cout << "integrity ok, checked " << connections_checked << " connections\n";
-
+            std::cout << "Min inbound: " << min1 << ", Max inbound:" << max1 << "\n";
         }
-
-    };
-
-}
+        std::cout << "integrity ok, checked " << connections_checked << " connections\n";
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace hnswlib