hessian2 2.0.2 → 2.0.3

data/lib/hessian2/writer.rb

@@ -1,499 +1,499 @@
-require 'hessian2/constants'
-require 'bigdecimal'
-require 'active_record'
-
-module Hessian2
-  module Writer
-    include Constants
-
-    def call(method, args)
-      refs, crefs, trefs = {}, {}, {}
-      out = [ 'H', '2', '0', 'C' ].pack('ahha')
-      out << write_string(method)
-      out << write_int(args.size)
-      args.each{|arg| out << write(arg, refs, crefs, trefs) }
-
-      out
-    end
-
-
-    def reply(val)
-      [ 'H', '2', '0', 'R' ].pack('ahha') << write(val)
-    end
-
-
-    def write_fault(e)
-      val = {
-        code: e.class.to_s,
-        message: e.message,
-        detail: e.backtrace }
-      [ 'F' ].pack('a') << write_hash(val)
-    end
-
-
-    def write(val, refs = {}, crefs = {}, trefs = {})
-      case val
-      when StructWrapper # object to values-array
-        write_struct_wrapper(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
-      when ClassWrapper # class definition for statically typed languages
-        write_class_wrapper(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
-      when TypeWrapper
-        write_type_wrapper(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
-      when TrueClass
-        [ BC_TRUE ].pack('C')
-      when FalseClass
-        [ BC_FALSE ].pack('C')
-      when Time
-        if val.usec == 0 && val.sec == 0 # date in minutes
-          [ BC_DATE_MINUTE, val.to_i / 60 ].pack('CL>')
-        else
-          [ BC_DATE, val.to_i * 1000 + val.usec / 1000 ].pack('CQ>') # date
-        end
-      when Float, BigDecimal
-        write_float(val)
-      when Fixnum
-        write_int(val)
-      when Array, ActiveRecord::Relation
-        write_array(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
-      when Bignum
-        if val >= -0x80_000_000 && val <= 0x7f_fff_fff # four octet longs
-          [ BC_LONG_INT, val ].pack('Cl>')
-        else # long
-          [ BC_LONG, val ].pack('Cq>')
-        end
-      when Hash
-        write_hash(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
-      when NilClass
-        write_nil
-      when String
-        write_string(val)
-      when Symbol
-        write_string(val.to_s)
-      else
-        write_object(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
-      end
-    end
-
-
-    def print_string(str)
-      return str.b if String.method_defined?(:b)
-
-      arr, i = Array.new(str.bytesize), 0
-      str.unpack('U*').each do |c|
-        if c < 0x80 # 0xxxxxxx
-          arr[i] = c
-        elsif c < 0x800 # 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
-          arr[i] = 0xc0 + ((c >> 6) & 0x1f)
-          arr[i += 1] = 0x80 + (c & 0x3f)
-        else # 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
-          arr[i] = 0xe0 + ((c >> 12) & 0xf)
-          arr[i += 1] = 0x80 + ((c >> 6) & 0x3f)
-          arr[i += 1] = 0x80 + (c & 0x3f)
-        end
-        i += 1
-      end
-
-      arr.pack('C*')
-    end
-
-
-    def write_array(arr, refs = {}, crefs = {}, trefs = {})
-      idx = refs[arr.object_id]
-      return write_ref(idx) if idx
-
-      refs[arr.object_id] = refs.size
-      len = arr.size
-      if len <= LIST_DIRECT_MAX # [x78-7f] value*
-        str = [ BC_LIST_DIRECT_UNTYPED + len ].pack('C')
-      else  # x58 int value*
-        str = [ BC_LIST_FIXED_UNTYPED ].pack('C') << write_int(len)
-      end
-
-      arr.each do |ele|
-        str << write(ele, refs, crefs, trefs)
-      end
-
-      str
-    end
-
-
-    def write_binary(str)
-      chunks, i, len = [], 0, str.size
-      while len > 0x8000
-        chunks << [ BC_BINARY_CHUNK, 0x8000 ].pack('Cn') << str[i...(i += 0x8000)]
-        len -= 0x8000
-      end
-
-      final = str[i..-1]
-      if len <= BINARY_DIRECT_MAX
-        chunks << [ BC_BINARY_DIRECT + len ].pack('C') << final
-      elsif len <= BINARY_SHORT_MAX
-        chunks << [ BC_BINARY_SHORT + (len >> 8), len ].pack('CC') << final
-      else
-        chunks << [ BC_BINARY, len ].pack('Cn') << final
-      end
-
-      chunks.join
-    end
-
-
-    def write_class_wrapper(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
-      return write_nil unless val.values
-
-      idx = refs[val.object_id]
-      return write_ref(idx) if idx
-
-      refs[val.object_id] = refs.size
-
-      if val.is_multi?
-        type = '[' << val.klass
-        if trefs.include?(type)
-          tstr = write_int(trefs[type])
-        else
-          trefs[type] = trefs.size # store a type
-          tstr = write_string(type)
-        end
-        return [ BC_LIST_DIRECT ].pack('C') << tstr if val.values.size == 0
-      end
-
-      cref = crefs[val.klass]
-      if cref
-        cidx = cref.first
-        fields = cref.last
-        str = ''
-      else
-        fstr = val.fields.map{|f| write_string(f) }.join
-        
-        str = [ BC_OBJECT_DEF ].pack('C') << write_string(val.klass) << write_int(val.fields.size) << fstr
-        cidx = crefs.size
-        crefs[val.klass] = [cidx, val.fields] # store a class definition
-      end
-
-      if cidx <= OBJECT_DIRECT_MAX
-        cstr = [ BC_OBJECT_DIRECT + cidx ].pack('C')
-      else
-        cstr = [ BC_OBJECT ].pack('C') << write_int(cidx)
-      end
-
-      if val.is_multi?
-        len = val.values.size
-        if len <= LIST_DIRECT_MAX # [x70-77] type value*
-          str << [ BC_LIST_DIRECT + len ].pack('C') << tstr
-        else  # 'V' type int value*
-          str << [ BC_LIST_FIXED ].pack('C') << tstr << write_int(len)
-        end
-
-        val.values.each do |ele|
-          if ele
-            ele_idx = refs[ele.object_id]
-            if ele_idx
-              str << (cstr + write_ref(ele_idx))
-            else
-              refs[ele.object_id] = refs.size
-              str << (cstr + ele.map{|v| write(v, refs, crefs, trefs)}.join)
-            end
-          else
-            str << write_nil
-          end
-        end
-      else
-        str << (cstr + val.values.map{|v| write(v, refs, crefs, trefs)}.join)
-      end
-
-      str
-    end
-
-
-    def write_float(val)
-      case val.infinite?
-      when 1
-        return [ BC_DOUBLE, Float::INFINITY ].pack('CG')
-      when -1
-        return [ BC_DOUBLE, -Float::INFINITY ].pack('CG')
-      else
-        return [ BC_DOUBLE, Float::NAN ].pack('CG') if val.nan?
-        return [ BC_DOUBLE_ZERO ].pack('C') if val.zero? # double zero
-        return [ BC_DOUBLE_ONE ].pack('C') if val == 1 # double one
-
-        ival = val.to_i
-        if ival == val
-          return [ BC_DOUBLE_BYTE, ival ].pack('Cc') if ival >= -0x80 && ival <= 0x7f # double octet
-          return [ BC_DOUBLE_SHORT, (ival >> 8), ival ].pack('Ccc') if ival >= -0x8000 && ival <= 0x7fff # double short
-        end
-
-        mval = val * 1000
-        if mval.finite?
-          mills = mval.to_i
-          if mills >= -0x80_000_000 && mills <= 0x7f_fff_fff && 0.001 * mills == val
-            return [ BC_DOUBLE_MILL, mills ].pack('Cl>') # double mill
-          end
-        end
-
-        [ BC_DOUBLE, val ].pack('CG') # double
-      end
-    end
-
-
-    def write_hash(hash, refs = {}, crefs = {}, trefs = {})
-      idx = refs[hash.object_id]
-      return write_ref(idx) if idx
-
-      refs[hash.object_id] = refs.size
-      str = [ BC_MAP_UNTYPED ].pack('C')
-      hash.each do |k, v|
-        str << write(k, refs, crefs, trefs)
-        str << write(v, refs, crefs, trefs)
-      end
-
-      str << [ BC_END ].pack('C')
-    end
-
-
-    def write_int(val)
-      if val >= INT_DIRECT_MIN && val <= INT_DIRECT_MAX # single octet integers
-        [ BC_INT_ZERO + val ].pack('c')
-      elsif val >= INT_BYTE_MIN && val <= INT_BYTE_MAX # two octet integers
-        [ BC_INT_BYTE_ZERO + (val >> 8), val ].pack('cc')
-      elsif val >= INT_SHORT_MIN && val <= INT_SHORT_MAX # three octet integers
-        [ BC_INT_SHORT_ZERO + (val >> 16), (val >> 8), val].pack('ccc')
-      elsif val >= -0x80_000_000 && val <= 0x7f_fff_fff # integer
-        [ BC_INT, val ].pack('Cl>')
-      else
-        [ BC_LONG, val ].pack('Cq>')
-      end
-    end
-
-
-    def write_long(val)
-      if val >= LONG_DIRECT_MIN && val <= LONG_DIRECT_MAX # single octet longs
-        [ BC_LONG_ZERO + val ].pack('c')
-      elsif val >= LONG_BYTE_MIN && val <= LONG_BYTE_MAX # two octet longs
-        [ BC_LONG_BYTE_ZERO + (val >> 8), val ].pack('cc')
-      elsif val >= LONG_SHORT_MIN && val <= LONG_SHORT_MAX # three octet longs
-        [ BC_LONG_SHORT_ZERO + (val >> 16), (val >> 8), val ].pack('ccc')
-      elsif val >= -0x80_000_000 && val <= 0x7f_fff_fff # four octet longs
-        [ BC_LONG_INT, val ].pack('Cl>')
-      else
-        [ BC_LONG, val ].pack('Cq>')
-      end
-    end
-
-
-    def write_nil
-      [ BC_NULL ].pack('C')
-    end
-
-
-    def write_object(object, refs = {}, crefs = {}, trefs = {})
-      return write_nil unless object
-
-      idx = refs[object.object_id]
-      return write_ref(idx) if idx
-
-      refs[object.object_id] = refs.size
-
-      klass = object.class.to_s
-      cref = crefs[klass]
-      if cref
-        cidx = cref.first
-        fields = cref.last
-        str = ''
-      else
-        fields = get_fields(object)
-        fstr = fields.map{|f| write_string(f) }.join
-        cidx = crefs.size
-        crefs[klass] = [cidx, fields]
-
-        str = [ BC_OBJECT_DEF ].pack('C') << write_string(klass) << write_int(fields.size) << fstr
-      end
-      
-      if cidx <= OBJECT_DIRECT_MAX
-        cstr = [ BC_OBJECT_DIRECT + cidx ].pack('C')
-      else
-        cstr = [ BC_OBJECT ].pack('C') << write_int(cidx)
-      end
-
-      str << write_values(object, cstr, fields, refs, crefs, trefs)
-
-      str
-    end
-
-
-    def write_ref(val)
-      [ BC_REF ].pack('C') << write_int(val)
-    end
-
-
-    def write_struct_wrapper(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
-      return write_nil unless val.values
-
-      idx = refs[val.object_id]
-      return write_ref(idx) if idx
-
-      refs[val.object_id] = refs.size
-
-      write_array(val.values, refs, crefs, trefs)
-    end
-
-
-    def write_string(str)
-      chunks, i, len = '', 0, str.size
-      while len > 0x8000
-        chunks << [ BC_STRING_CHUNK, 0x8000 ].pack('Cn') << print_string(str[i...(i += 0x8000)])
-        len -= 0x8000
-      end
-
-      final = str[i..-1]
-      chunks << if len <= STRING_DIRECT_MAX
-        [ BC_STRING_DIRECT + len ].pack('C')
-      elsif len <= STRING_SHORT_MAX
-        [ BC_STRING_SHORT + (len >> 8), len ].pack('CC')
-      else
-        [ BC_STRING, len ].pack('Cn')
-      end
-
-      chunks << print_string(final)
-    end
-
-
-    def write_type_wrapped_array(arr, tstr, eletype, refs = {}, crefs = {}, trefs = {})
-      len = arr.size
-      return [ BC_LIST_DIRECT ].pack('C') << tstr if len == 0
-
-      if len <= LIST_DIRECT_MAX # [x70-77] type value*
-        str = [ BC_LIST_DIRECT + len ].pack('C') << tstr
-      else  # 'V' type int value*
-        str = [ BC_LIST_FIXED ].pack('C') << tstr << write_int(len)
-      end
-
-      case eletype
-      when 'L'
-        arr.each do |ele|
-          str << write_long(Integer(ele))
-        end
-      when 'I'
-        arr.each do |ele|
-          str << write_int(Integer(ele))
-        end
-      when 'B'
-        arr.each do |ele|
-          str << write_binary(ele)
-        end
-      else
-        arr.each do |ele|
-          idx = refs[ele.object_id]
-          if idx
-            str << write_ref(idx)
-          else
-            refs[ele.object_id] = refs.size
-            str << write_type_wrapped_object(ele, tstr, refs, crefs, trefs)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-      
-      str
-    end
-
-
-    def write_type_wrapped_object(object, tstr, refs = {}, crefs = {}, trefs = {})
-      return write_nil unless object
-
-      str = [ BC_MAP ].pack('C') << tstr
-
-      if object.is_a?(Hash)
-        object.each do |k, v|
-          str << write(k, refs, crefs, trefs)
-          str << write(v, refs, crefs, trefs)
-        end
-      elsif object.instance_variable_get(:@attributes).is_a?(Hash)
-        object.attributes.each do |k, v|
-          str << write(k, refs, crefs, trefs)
-          str << write(v, refs, crefs, trefs)
-        end
-      elsif object.is_a?(ClassWrapper)
-        object.fields.each_with_index do |f, i|
-          str << write(f, refs, crefs, trefs)
-          str << write(object.values[i], refs, crefs, trefs)
-        end
-      elsif object.is_a?(TypeWrapper)
-        object.object.each do |k, v|
-          str << write(k, refs, crefs, trefs)
-          str << write(v, refs, crefs, trefs)
-        end
-      else
-        object.instance_variables.each do |var| 
-          str << write(var[1..-1], refs, crefs, trefs)
-          str << write(object.instance_variable_get(var), refs, crefs, trefs)
-        end
-      end
-
-      str << [ BC_END ].pack('C')
-    end
-
-
-    def write_type_wrapper(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
-      return write_nil unless val.object
-
-      idx = refs[val.object_id]
-      return write_ref(idx) if idx
-
-      refs[val.object_id] = refs.size
-
-      type = val.is_multi? ? ('[' << val.hessian_type) : val.hessian_type
-      if trefs.include?(type)
-        tstr = write_int(trefs[type])
-      else
-        trefs[type] = trefs.size
-        tstr = write_string(type)
-      end
-
-      if val.is_multi?
-        write_type_wrapped_array(val.object, tstr, val.hessian_type, refs, crefs, trefs)
-      else
-        case val.hessian_type
-        when 'L'
-          write_long(Integer(val.object))
-        when 'I'
-          write_int(Integer(val.object))
-        when 'B'
-          write_binary(val.object)
-        else
-          write_type_wrapped_object(val.object, tstr, refs, crefs, trefs)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-
-    private
-
-    def get_fields(object)
-      fields = if object.is_a?(Hash)
-        object.keys.map{|k| k.to_sym }
-      elsif object.instance_variable_get(:@attributes).is_a?(Hash)
-        object.attributes.keys.map{|k| k.to_sym }
-      else
-        object.instance_variables.map{|k| k[1..-1].to_sym }
-      end
-
-      raise "fields should not be empty: #{object.inspect}" if fields.empty?
-
-      fields
-    end
-
-
-    def write_values(object, cstr, fields, refs, crefs, trefs)
-      return write_nil unless object
-      
-      vstr = if object.is_a?(Hash)
-        fields.map{|f| write(object[f] || object[f.to_s], refs, crefs, trefs) }.join
-      elsif object.instance_variable_get(:@attributes).is_a?(Hash)
-        fields.map{|f| write(object.attributes[f.to_s], refs, crefs, trefs) }.join
-      else
-        fields.map{|f| write(object.instance_variable_get(f.to_s.prepend('@')), refs, crefs, trefs) }.join
-      end
-
-      cstr + vstr
-    end
-
-  end
-end
+require 'hessian2/constants'
+require 'bigdecimal'
+require 'active_record'
+
+module Hessian2
+  module Writer
+    include Constants
+
+    def call(method, args)
+      refs, crefs, trefs = {}, {}, {}
+      out = [ 'H', '2', '0', 'C' ].pack('ahha')
+      out << write_string(method)
+      out << write_int(args.size)
+      args.each{|arg| out << write(arg, refs, crefs, trefs) }
+
+      out
+    end
+
+
+    def reply(val)
+      [ 'H', '2', '0', 'R' ].pack('ahha') << write(val)
+    end
+
+
+    def write_fault(e)
+      val = {
+        code: e.class.to_s,
+        message: e.message,
+        detail: e.backtrace }
+      [ 'F' ].pack('a') << write_hash(val)
+    end
+
+
+    def write(val, refs = {}, crefs = {}, trefs = {})
+      case val
+      when StructWrapper # object to values-array
+        write_struct_wrapper(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
+      when ClassWrapper # class definition for statically typed languages
+        write_class_wrapper(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
+      when TypeWrapper
+        write_type_wrapper(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
+      when TrueClass
+        [ BC_TRUE ].pack('C')
+      when FalseClass
+        [ BC_FALSE ].pack('C')
+      when Time
+        if val.usec == 0 && val.sec == 0 # date in minutes
+          [ BC_DATE_MINUTE, val.to_i / 60 ].pack('CL>')
+        else
+          [ BC_DATE, val.to_i * 1000 + val.usec / 1000 ].pack('CQ>') # date
+        end
+      when Float, BigDecimal
+        write_float(val)
+      when Fixnum
+        write_int(val)
+      when Array, ActiveRecord::Relation
+        write_array(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
+      when Bignum
+        if val >= -0x80_000_000 && val <= 0x7f_fff_fff # four octet longs
+          [ BC_LONG_INT, val ].pack('Cl>')
+        else # long
+          [ BC_LONG, val ].pack('Cq>')
+        end
+      when Hash
+        write_hash(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
+      when NilClass
+        write_nil
+      when String
+        write_string(val)
+      when Symbol
+        write_string(val.to_s)
+      else
+        write_object(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def print_string(str)
+      return str.b if String.method_defined?(:b)
+
+      arr, i = Array.new(str.bytesize), 0
+      str.unpack('U*').each do |c|
+        if c < 0x80 # 0xxxxxxx
+          arr[i] = c
+        elsif c < 0x800 # 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
+          arr[i] = 0xc0 + ((c >> 6) & 0x1f)
+          arr[i += 1] = 0x80 + (c & 0x3f)
+        else # 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+          arr[i] = 0xe0 + ((c >> 12) & 0xf)
+          arr[i += 1] = 0x80 + ((c >> 6) & 0x3f)
+          arr[i += 1] = 0x80 + (c & 0x3f)
+        end
+        i += 1
+      end
+
+      arr.pack('C*')
+    end
+
+
+    def write_array(arr, refs = {}, crefs = {}, trefs = {})
+      idx = refs[arr.object_id]
+      return write_ref(idx) if idx
+
+      refs[arr.object_id] = refs.size
+      len = arr.size
+      if len <= LIST_DIRECT_MAX # [x78-7f] value*
+        str = [ BC_LIST_DIRECT_UNTYPED + len ].pack('C')
+      else  # x58 int value*
+        str = [ BC_LIST_FIXED_UNTYPED ].pack('C') << write_int(len)
+      end
+
+      arr.each do |ele|
+        str << write(ele, refs, crefs, trefs)
+      end
+
+      str
+    end
+
+
+    def write_binary(str)
+      chunks, i, len = [], 0, str.size
+      while len > 0x8000
+        chunks << [ BC_BINARY_CHUNK, 0x8000 ].pack('Cn') << str[i...(i += 0x8000)]
+        len -= 0x8000
+      end
+
+      final = str[i..-1]
+      if len <= BINARY_DIRECT_MAX
+        chunks << [ BC_BINARY_DIRECT + len ].pack('C') << final
+      elsif len <= BINARY_SHORT_MAX
+        chunks << [ BC_BINARY_SHORT + (len >> 8), len ].pack('CC') << final
+      else
+        chunks << [ BC_BINARY, len ].pack('Cn') << final
+      end
+
+      chunks.join
+    end
+
+
+    def write_class_wrapper(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
+      return write_nil unless val.values
+
+      idx = refs[val.object_id]
+      return write_ref(idx) if idx
+
+      refs[val.object_id] = refs.size
+
+      if val.is_multi?
+        type = '[' << val.klass
+        if trefs.include?(type)
+          tstr = write_int(trefs[type])
+        else
+          trefs[type] = trefs.size # store a type
+          tstr = write_string(type)
+        end
+        return [ BC_LIST_DIRECT ].pack('C') << tstr if val.values.size == 0
+      end
+
+      cref = crefs[val.klass]
+      if cref
+        cidx = cref.first
+        fields = cref.last
+        str = ''
+      else
+        fstr = val.fields.map{|f| write_string(f) }.join
+        
+        str = [ BC_OBJECT_DEF ].pack('C') << write_string(val.klass) << write_int(val.fields.size) << fstr
+        cidx = crefs.size
+        crefs[val.klass] = [cidx, val.fields] # store a class definition
+      end
+
+      if cidx <= OBJECT_DIRECT_MAX
+        cstr = [ BC_OBJECT_DIRECT + cidx ].pack('C')
+      else
+        cstr = [ BC_OBJECT ].pack('C') << write_int(cidx)
+      end
+
+      if val.is_multi?
+        len = val.values.size
+        if len <= LIST_DIRECT_MAX # [x70-77] type value*
+          str << [ BC_LIST_DIRECT + len ].pack('C') << tstr
+        else  # 'V' type int value*
+          str << [ BC_LIST_FIXED ].pack('C') << tstr << write_int(len)
+        end
+
+        val.values.each do |ele|
+          if ele
+            ele_idx = refs[ele.object_id]
+            if ele_idx
+              str << (cstr + write_ref(ele_idx))
+            else
+              refs[ele.object_id] = refs.size
+              str << (cstr + ele.map{|v| write(v, refs, crefs, trefs)}.join)
+            end
+          else
+            str << write_nil
+          end
+        end
+      else
+        str << (cstr + val.values.map{|v| write(v, refs, crefs, trefs)}.join)
+      end
+
+      str
+    end
+
+
+    def write_float(val)
+      case val.infinite?
+      when 1
+        return [ BC_DOUBLE, Float::INFINITY ].pack('CG')
+      when -1
+        return [ BC_DOUBLE, -Float::INFINITY ].pack('CG')
+      else
+        return [ BC_DOUBLE, Float::NAN ].pack('CG') if val.nan?
+        return [ BC_DOUBLE_ZERO ].pack('C') if val.zero? # double zero
+        return [ BC_DOUBLE_ONE ].pack('C') if val == 1 # double one
+
+        ival = val.to_i
+        if ival == val
+          return [ BC_DOUBLE_BYTE, ival ].pack('Cc') if ival >= -0x80 && ival <= 0x7f # double octet
+          return [ BC_DOUBLE_SHORT, (ival >> 8), ival ].pack('Ccc') if ival >= -0x8000 && ival <= 0x7fff # double short
+        end
+
+        mval = val * 1000
+        if mval.finite?
+          mills = mval.to_i
+          if mills >= -0x80_000_000 && mills <= 0x7f_fff_fff && 0.001 * mills == val
+            return [ BC_DOUBLE_MILL, mills ].pack('Cl>') # double mill
+          end
+        end
+
+        [ BC_DOUBLE, val ].pack('CG') # double
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def write_hash(hash, refs = {}, crefs = {}, trefs = {})
+      idx = refs[hash.object_id]
+      return write_ref(idx) if idx
+
+      refs[hash.object_id] = refs.size
+      str = [ BC_MAP_UNTYPED ].pack('C')
+      hash.each do |k, v|
+        str << write(k, refs, crefs, trefs)
+        str << write(v, refs, crefs, trefs)
+      end
+
+      str << [ BC_END ].pack('C')
+    end
+
+
+    def write_int(val)
+      if val >= INT_DIRECT_MIN && val <= INT_DIRECT_MAX # single octet integers
+        [ BC_INT_ZERO + val ].pack('c')
+      elsif val >= INT_BYTE_MIN && val <= INT_BYTE_MAX # two octet integers
+        [ BC_INT_BYTE_ZERO + (val >> 8), val ].pack('cc')
+      elsif val >= INT_SHORT_MIN && val <= INT_SHORT_MAX # three octet integers
+        [ BC_INT_SHORT_ZERO + (val >> 16), (val >> 8), val].pack('ccc')
+      elsif val >= -0x80_000_000 && val <= 0x7f_fff_fff # integer
+        [ BC_INT, val ].pack('Cl>')
+      else
+        [ BC_LONG, val ].pack('Cq>')
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def write_long(val)
+      if val >= LONG_DIRECT_MIN && val <= LONG_DIRECT_MAX # single octet longs
+        [ BC_LONG_ZERO + val ].pack('c')
+      elsif val >= LONG_BYTE_MIN && val <= LONG_BYTE_MAX # two octet longs
+        [ BC_LONG_BYTE_ZERO + (val >> 8), val ].pack('cc')
+      elsif val >= LONG_SHORT_MIN && val <= LONG_SHORT_MAX # three octet longs
+        [ BC_LONG_SHORT_ZERO + (val >> 16), (val >> 8), val ].pack('ccc')
+      elsif val >= -0x80_000_000 && val <= 0x7f_fff_fff # four octet longs
+        [ BC_LONG_INT, val ].pack('Cl>')
+      else
+        [ BC_LONG, val ].pack('Cq>')
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def write_nil
+      [ BC_NULL ].pack('C')
+    end
+
+
+    def write_object(object, refs = {}, crefs = {}, trefs = {})
+      return write_nil unless object
+
+      idx = refs[object.object_id]
+      return write_ref(idx) if idx
+
+      refs[object.object_id] = refs.size
+
+      klass = object.class.to_s
+      cref = crefs[klass]
+      if cref
+        cidx = cref.first
+        fields = cref.last
+        str = ''
+      else
+        fields = get_fields(object)
+        fstr = fields.map{|f| write_string(f) }.join
+        cidx = crefs.size
+        crefs[klass] = [cidx, fields]
+
+        str = [ BC_OBJECT_DEF ].pack('C') << write_string(klass) << write_int(fields.size) << fstr
+      end
+      
+      if cidx <= OBJECT_DIRECT_MAX
+        cstr = [ BC_OBJECT_DIRECT + cidx ].pack('C')
+      else
+        cstr = [ BC_OBJECT ].pack('C') << write_int(cidx)
+      end
+
+      str << write_values(object, cstr, fields, refs, crefs, trefs)
+
+      str
+    end
+
+
+    def write_ref(val)
+      [ BC_REF ].pack('C') << write_int(val)
+    end
+
+
+    def write_struct_wrapper(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
+      return write_nil unless val.values
+
+      idx = refs[val.object_id]
+      return write_ref(idx) if idx
+
+      refs[val.object_id] = refs.size
+
+      write_array(val.values, refs, crefs, trefs)
+    end
+
+
+    def write_string(str)
+      chunks, i, len = '', 0, str.size
+      while len > 0x8000
+        chunks << [ BC_STRING_CHUNK, 0x8000 ].pack('Cn') << print_string(str[i...(i += 0x8000)])
+        len -= 0x8000
+      end
+
+      final = str[i..-1]
+      chunks << if len <= STRING_DIRECT_MAX
+        [ BC_STRING_DIRECT + len ].pack('C')
+      elsif len <= STRING_SHORT_MAX
+        [ BC_STRING_SHORT + (len >> 8), len ].pack('CC')
+      else
+        [ BC_STRING, len ].pack('Cn')
+      end
+
+      chunks << print_string(final)
+    end
+
+
+    def write_type_wrapped_array(arr, tstr, eletype, refs = {}, crefs = {}, trefs = {})
+      len = arr.size
+      return [ BC_LIST_DIRECT ].pack('C') << tstr if len == 0
+
+      if len <= LIST_DIRECT_MAX # [x70-77] type value*
+        str = [ BC_LIST_DIRECT + len ].pack('C') << tstr
+      else  # 'V' type int value*
+        str = [ BC_LIST_FIXED ].pack('C') << tstr << write_int(len)
+      end
+
+      case eletype
+      when 'L'
+        arr.each do |ele|
+          str << write_long(Integer(ele))
+        end
+      when 'I'
+        arr.each do |ele|
+          str << write_int(Integer(ele))
+        end
+      when 'B'
+        arr.each do |ele|
+          str << write_binary(ele)
+        end
+      else
+        arr.each do |ele|
+          idx = refs[ele.object_id]
+          if idx
+            str << write_ref(idx)
+          else
+            refs[ele.object_id] = refs.size
+            str << write_type_wrapped_object(ele, tstr, refs, crefs, trefs)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      
+      str
+    end
+
+
+    def write_type_wrapped_object(object, tstr, refs = {}, crefs = {}, trefs = {})
+      return write_nil unless object
+
+      str = [ BC_MAP ].pack('C') << tstr
+
+      if object.is_a?(Hash)
+        object.each do |k, v|
+          str << write(k, refs, crefs, trefs)
+          str << write(v, refs, crefs, trefs)
+        end
+      elsif object.instance_variable_get(:@attributes).is_a?(Hash)
+        object.attributes.each do |k, v|
+          str << write(k, refs, crefs, trefs)
+          str << write(v, refs, crefs, trefs)
+        end
+      elsif object.is_a?(ClassWrapper)
+        object.fields.each_with_index do |f, i|
+          str << write(f, refs, crefs, trefs)
+          str << write(object.values[i], refs, crefs, trefs)
+        end
+      elsif object.is_a?(TypeWrapper)
+        object.object.each do |k, v|
+          str << write(k, refs, crefs, trefs)
+          str << write(v, refs, crefs, trefs)
+        end
+      else
+        object.instance_variables.each do |var| 
+          str << write(var[1..-1], refs, crefs, trefs)
+          str << write(object.instance_variable_get(var), refs, crefs, trefs)
+        end
+      end
+
+      str << [ BC_END ].pack('C')
+    end
+
+
+    def write_type_wrapper(val, refs, crefs, trefs)
+      return write_nil unless val.object
+
+      idx = refs[val.object_id]
+      return write_ref(idx) if idx
+
+      refs[val.object_id] = refs.size
+
+      type = val.is_multi? ? ('[' << val.hessian_type) : val.hessian_type
+      if trefs.include?(type)
+        tstr = write_int(trefs[type])
+      else
+        trefs[type] = trefs.size
+        tstr = write_string(type)
+      end
+
+      if val.is_multi?
+        write_type_wrapped_array(val.object, tstr, val.hessian_type, refs, crefs, trefs)
+      else
+        case val.hessian_type
+        when 'L'
+          write_long(Integer(val.object))
+        when 'I'
+          write_int(Integer(val.object))
+        when 'B'
+          write_binary(val.object)
+        else
+          write_type_wrapped_object(val.object, tstr, refs, crefs, trefs)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    private
+
+    def get_fields(object)
+      fields = if object.is_a?(Hash)
+        object.keys.map{|k| k.to_sym }
+      elsif object.instance_variable_get(:@attributes).is_a?(Hash)
+        object.attributes.keys.map{|k| k.to_sym }
+      else
+        object.instance_variables.map{|k| k[1..-1].to_sym }
+      end
+
+      raise "fields should not be empty: #{object.inspect}" if fields.empty?
+
+      fields
+    end
+
+
+    def write_values(object, cstr, fields, refs, crefs, trefs)
+      return write_nil unless object
+      
+      vstr = if object.is_a?(Hash)
+        fields.map{|f| write(object[f] || object[f.to_s], refs, crefs, trefs) }.join
+      elsif object.instance_variable_get(:@attributes).is_a?(Hash)
+        fields.map{|f| write(object.attributes[f.to_s], refs, crefs, trefs) }.join
+      else
+        fields.map{|f| write(object.instance_variable_get(f.to_s.prepend('@')), refs, crefs, trefs) }.join
+      end
+
+      cstr + vstr
+    end
+
+  end
+end