handlebars 0.3.2 → 0.4.0

data/vendor/handlebars/lib/handlebars/compiler/base.js

@@ -1,27 +1,21 @@
-var handlebars = require("./parser").parser;
+var handlebars = require("./parser");
 var Handlebars = require("../base");
 
 // BEGIN(BROWSER)
 Handlebars.Parser = handlebars;
 
-Handlebars.parse = function(string) {
+Handlebars.parse = function(input) {
+
+  // Just return if an already-compile AST was passed in.
+  if(input.constructor === Handlebars.AST.ProgramNode) { return input; }
+
   Handlebars.Parser.yy = Handlebars.AST;
-  return Handlebars.Parser.parse(string);
+  return Handlebars.Parser.parse(input);
 };
 
 Handlebars.print = function(ast) {
   return new Handlebars.PrintVisitor().accept(ast);
 };
-
-Handlebars.logger = {
-  DEBUG: 0, INFO: 1, WARN: 2, ERROR: 3, level: 3,
-
-  // override in the host environment
-  log: function(level, str) {}
-};
-
-Handlebars.log = function(level, str) { Handlebars.logger.log(level, str); };
-
 // END(BROWSER)
 
 module.exports = Handlebars;

data/vendor/handlebars/lib/handlebars/compiler/compiler.js

@@ -7,89 +7,57 @@ Handlebars.Compiler = function() {};
 Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
 
 (function(Compiler, JavaScriptCompiler) {
-  Compiler.OPCODE_MAP = {
-    appendContent: 1,
-    getContext: 2,
-    lookupWithHelpers: 3,
-    lookup: 4,
-    append: 5,
-    invokeMustache: 6,
-    appendEscaped: 7,
-    pushString: 8,
-    truthyOrFallback: 9,
-    functionOrFallback: 10,
-    invokeProgram: 11,
-    invokePartial: 12,
-    push: 13,
-    assignToHash: 15,
-    pushStringParam: 16
-  };
-
-  Compiler.MULTI_PARAM_OPCODES = {
-    appendContent: 1,
-    getContext: 1,
-    lookupWithHelpers: 2,
-    lookup: 1,
-    invokeMustache: 3,
-    pushString: 1,
-    truthyOrFallback: 1,
-    functionOrFallback: 1,
-    invokeProgram: 3,
-    invokePartial: 1,
-    push: 1,
-    assignToHash: 1,
-    pushStringParam: 1
-  };
-
-  Compiler.DISASSEMBLE_MAP = {};
-
-  for(var prop in Compiler.OPCODE_MAP) {
-    var value = Compiler.OPCODE_MAP[prop];
-    Compiler.DISASSEMBLE_MAP[value] = prop;
-  }
-
-  Compiler.multiParamSize = function(code) {
-    return Compiler.MULTI_PARAM_OPCODES[Compiler.DISASSEMBLE_MAP[code]];
-  };
+  // the foundHelper register will disambiguate helper lookup from finding a
+  // function in a context. This is necessary for mustache compatibility, which
+  // requires that context functions in blocks are evaluated by blockHelperMissing,
+  // and then proceed as if the resulting value was provided to blockHelperMissing.
 
   Compiler.prototype = {
     compiler: Compiler,
 
     disassemble: function() {
-      var opcodes = this.opcodes, opcode, nextCode;
-      var out = [], str, name, value;
+      var opcodes = this.opcodes, opcode, out = [], params, param;
 
-      for(var i=0, l=opcodes.length; i<l; i++) {
+      for (var i=0, l=opcodes.length; i<l; i++) {
         opcode = opcodes[i];
 
-        if(opcode === 'DECLARE') {
-          name = opcodes[++i];
-          value = opcodes[++i];
-          out.push("DECLARE " + name + " = " + value);
+        if (opcode.opcode === 'DECLARE') {
+          out.push("DECLARE " + opcode.name + "=" + opcode.value);
         } else {
-          str = Compiler.DISASSEMBLE_MAP[opcode];
-
-          var extraParams = Compiler.multiParamSize(opcode);
-          var codes = [];
-
-          for(var j=0; j<extraParams; j++) {
-            nextCode = opcodes[++i];
-
-            if(typeof nextCode === "string") {
-              nextCode = "\"" + nextCode.replace("\n", "\\n") + "\"";
+          params = [];
+          for (var j=0; j<opcode.args.length; j++) {
+            param = opcode.args[j];
+            if (typeof param === "string") {
+              param = "\"" + param.replace("\n", "\\n") + "\"";
             }
-
-            codes.push(nextCode);
+            params.push(param);
           }
-
-          str = str + " " + codes.join(" ");
-
-          out.push(str);
+          out.push(opcode.opcode + " " + params.join(" "));
         }
       }
 
       return out.join("\n");
     },
+    equals: function(other) {
+      var len = this.opcodes.length;
+      if (other.opcodes.length !== len) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        var opcode = this.opcodes[i],
+            otherOpcode = other.opcodes[i];
+        if (opcode.opcode !== otherOpcode.opcode || opcode.args.length !== otherOpcode.args.length) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        for (var j = 0; j < opcode.args.length; j++) {
+          if (opcode.args[j] !== otherOpcode.args[j]) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    },
 
     guid: 0,
 
@@ -158,51 +126,67 @@ Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
     },
 
     block: function(block) {
-      var mustache = block.mustache;
-      var depth, child, inverse, inverseGuid;
-
-      var params = this.setupStackForMustache(mustache);
+      var mustache = block.mustache,
+          program = block.program,
+          inverse = block.inverse;
 
-      var programGuid = this.compileProgram(block.program);
-
-      if(block.program.inverse) {
-        inverseGuid = this.compileProgram(block.program.inverse);
-        this.declare('inverse', inverseGuid);
+      if (program) {
+        program = this.compileProgram(program);
       }
 
-      this.opcode('invokeProgram', programGuid, params.length, !!mustache.hash);
-      this.declare('inverse', null);
-      this.opcode('append');
-    },
+      if (inverse) {
+        inverse = this.compileProgram(inverse);
+      }
 
-    inverse: function(block) {
-      var params = this.setupStackForMustache(block.mustache);
+      var type = this.classifyMustache(mustache);
 
-      var programGuid = this.compileProgram(block.program);
+      if (type === "helper") {
+        this.helperMustache(mustache, program, inverse);
+      } else if (type === "simple") {
+        this.simpleMustache(mustache);
 
-      this.declare('inverse', programGuid);
+        // now that the simple mustache is resolved, we need to
+        // evaluate it by executing `blockHelperMissing`
+        this.opcode('pushProgram', program);
+        this.opcode('pushProgram', inverse);
+        this.opcode('emptyHash');
+        this.opcode('blockValue');
+      } else {
+        this.ambiguousMustache(mustache, program, inverse);
+
+        // now that the simple mustache is resolved, we need to
+        // evaluate it by executing `blockHelperMissing`
+        this.opcode('pushProgram', program);
+        this.opcode('pushProgram', inverse);
+        this.opcode('emptyHash');
+        this.opcode('ambiguousBlockValue');
+      }
 
-      this.opcode('invokeProgram', null, params.length, !!block.mustache.hash);
-      this.declare('inverse', null);
       this.opcode('append');
     },
 
     hash: function(hash) {
       var pairs = hash.pairs, pair, val;
 
-      this.opcode('push', '{}');
+      this.opcode('pushHash');
 
       for(var i=0, l=pairs.length; i<l; i++) {
         pair = pairs[i];
         val  = pair[1];
 
-        this.accept(val);
+        if (this.options.stringParams) {
+          this.opcode('pushStringParam', val.stringModeValue, val.type);
+        } else {
+          this.accept(val);
+        }
+
         this.opcode('assignToHash', pair[0]);
       }
+      this.opcode('popHash');
     },
 
     partial: function(partial) {
-      var id = partial.id;
+      var partialName = partial.partialName;
       this.usePartial = true;
 
       if(partial.context) {
@@ -211,7 +195,7 @@ Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
         this.opcode('push', 'depth0');
       }
 
-      this.opcode('invokePartial', id.original);
+      this.opcode('invokePartial', partialName.name);
       this.opcode('append');
     },
 
@@ -220,44 +204,142 @@ Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
     },
 
     mustache: function(mustache) {
-      var params = this.setupStackForMustache(mustache);
+      var options = this.options;
+      var type = this.classifyMustache(mustache);
 
-      this.opcode('invokeMustache', params.length, mustache.id.original, !!mustache.hash);
+      if (type === "simple") {
+        this.simpleMustache(mustache);
+      } else if (type === "helper") {
+        this.helperMustache(mustache);
+      } else {
+        this.ambiguousMustache(mustache);
+      }
 
-      if(mustache.escaped && !this.options.noEscape) {
+      if(mustache.escaped && !options.noEscape) {
         this.opcode('appendEscaped');
       } else {
         this.opcode('append');
       }
     },
 
+    ambiguousMustache: function(mustache, program, inverse) {
+      var id = mustache.id,
+          name = id.parts[0],
+          isBlock = program != null || inverse != null;
+
+      this.opcode('getContext', id.depth);
+
+      this.opcode('pushProgram', program);
+      this.opcode('pushProgram', inverse);
+
+      this.opcode('invokeAmbiguous', name, isBlock);
+    },
+
+    simpleMustache: function(mustache) {
+      var id = mustache.id;
+
+      if (id.type === 'DATA') {
+        this.DATA(id);
+      } else if (id.parts.length) {
+        this.ID(id);
+      } else {
+        // Simplified ID for `this`
+        this.addDepth(id.depth);
+        this.opcode('getContext', id.depth);
+        this.opcode('pushContext');
+      }
+
+      this.opcode('resolvePossibleLambda');
+    },
+
+    helperMustache: function(mustache, program, inverse) {
+      var params = this.setupFullMustacheParams(mustache, program, inverse),
+          name = mustache.id.parts[0];
+
+      if (this.options.knownHelpers[name]) {
+        this.opcode('invokeKnownHelper', params.length, name);
+      } else if (this.knownHelpersOnly) {
+        throw new Error("You specified knownHelpersOnly, but used the unknown helper " + name);
+      } else {
+        this.opcode('invokeHelper', params.length, name);
+      }
+    },
+
     ID: function(id) {
       this.addDepth(id.depth);
-
       this.opcode('getContext', id.depth);
 
-      this.opcode('lookupWithHelpers', id.parts[0] || null, id.isScoped || false);
+      var name = id.parts[0];
+      if (!name) {
+        this.opcode('pushContext');
+      } else {
+        this.opcode('lookupOnContext', id.parts[0]);
+      }
 
       for(var i=1, l=id.parts.length; i<l; i++) {
         this.opcode('lookup', id.parts[i]);
       }
     },
 
+    DATA: function(data) {
+      this.options.data = true;
+      this.opcode('lookupData', data.id);
+    },
+
     STRING: function(string) {
       this.opcode('pushString', string.string);
     },
 
     INTEGER: function(integer) {
-      this.opcode('push', integer.integer);
+      this.opcode('pushLiteral', integer.integer);
     },
 
     BOOLEAN: function(bool) {
-      this.opcode('push', bool.bool);
+      this.opcode('pushLiteral', bool.bool);
     },
 
     comment: function() {},
 
     // HELPERS
+    opcode: function(name) {
+      this.opcodes.push({ opcode: name, args: [].slice.call(arguments, 1) });
+    },
+
+    declare: function(name, value) {
+      this.opcodes.push({ opcode: 'DECLARE', name: name, value: value });
+    },
+
+    addDepth: function(depth) {
+      if(isNaN(depth)) { throw new Error("EWOT"); }
+      if(depth === 0) { return; }
+
+      if(!this.depths[depth]) {
+        this.depths[depth] = true;
+        this.depths.list.push(depth);
+      }
+    },
+
+    classifyMustache: function(mustache) {
+      var isHelper   = mustache.isHelper;
+      var isEligible = mustache.eligibleHelper;
+      var options    = this.options;
+
+      // if ambiguous, we can possibly resolve the ambiguity now
+      if (isEligible && !isHelper) {
+        var name = mustache.id.parts[0];
+
+        if (options.knownHelpers[name]) {
+          isHelper = true;
+        } else if (options.knownHelpersOnly) {
+          isEligible = false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (isHelper) { return "helper"; }
+      else if (isEligible) { return "ambiguous"; }
+      else { return "simple"; }
+    },
+
     pushParams: function(params) {
       var i = params.length, param;
 
@@ -270,54 +352,52 @@ Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
           }
 
           this.opcode('getContext', param.depth || 0);
-          this.opcode('pushStringParam', param.string);
+          this.opcode('pushStringParam', param.stringModeValue, param.type);
         } else {
           this[param.type](param);
         }
       }
     },
 
-    opcode: function(name, val1, val2, val3) {
-      this.opcodes.push(Compiler.OPCODE_MAP[name]);
-      if(val1 !== undefined) { this.opcodes.push(val1); }
-      if(val2 !== undefined) { this.opcodes.push(val2); }
-      if(val3 !== undefined) { this.opcodes.push(val3); }
-    },
-
-    declare: function(name, value) {
-      this.opcodes.push('DECLARE');
-      this.opcodes.push(name);
-      this.opcodes.push(value);
-    },
-
-    addDepth: function(depth) {
-      if(depth === 0) { return; }
+    setupMustacheParams: function(mustache) {
+      var params = mustache.params;
+      this.pushParams(params);
 
-      if(!this.depths[depth]) {
-        this.depths[depth] = true;
-        this.depths.list.push(depth);
+      if(mustache.hash) {
+        this.hash(mustache.hash);
+      } else {
+        this.opcode('emptyHash');
       }
+
+      return params;
     },
 
-    setupStackForMustache: function(mustache) {
+    // this will replace setupMustacheParams when we're done
+    setupFullMustacheParams: function(mustache, program, inverse) {
       var params = mustache.params;
-
       this.pushParams(params);
 
+      this.opcode('pushProgram', program);
+      this.opcode('pushProgram', inverse);
+
       if(mustache.hash) {
         this.hash(mustache.hash);
+      } else {
+        this.opcode('emptyHash');
       }
 
-      this.ID(mustache.id);
-
       return params;
     }
   };
 
+  var Literal = function(value) {
+    this.value = value;
+  };
+
   JavaScriptCompiler.prototype = {
     // PUBLIC API: You can override these methods in a subclass to provide
     // alternative compiled forms for name lookup and buffering semantics
-    nameLookup: function(parent, name, type) {
+    nameLookup: function(parent, name /* , type*/) {
       if (/^[0-9]+$/.test(name)) {
         return parent + "[" + name + "]";
       } else if (JavaScriptCompiler.isValidJavaScriptVariableName(name)) {
@@ -332,7 +412,11 @@ Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
       if (this.environment.isSimple) {
         return "return " + string + ";";
       } else {
-        return "buffer += " + string + ";";
+        return {
+          appendToBuffer: true,
+          content: string,
+          toString: function() { return "buffer += " + string + ";"; }
+        };
       }
     },
 
@@ -347,18 +431,23 @@ Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
       this.environment = environment;
       this.options = options || {};
 
+      Handlebars.log(Handlebars.logger.DEBUG, this.environment.disassemble() + "\n\n");
+
       this.name = this.environment.name;
       this.isChild = !!context;
       this.context = context || {
         programs: [],
-        aliases: { self: 'this' },
-        registers: {list: []}
+        environments: [],
+        aliases: { }
       };
 
       this.preamble();
 
       this.stackSlot = 0;
       this.stackVars = [];
+      this.registers = { list: [] };
+      this.compileStack = [];
+      this.inlineStack = [];
 
       this.compileChildren(environment, options);
 
@@ -367,59 +456,35 @@ Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
       this.i = 0;
 
       for(l=opcodes.length; this.i<l; this.i++) {
-        opcode = this.nextOpcode(0);
+        opcode = opcodes[this.i];
 
-        if(opcode[0] === 'DECLARE') {
-          this.i = this.i + 2;
-          this[opcode[1]] = opcode[2];
+        if(opcode.opcode === 'DECLARE') {
+          this[opcode.name] = opcode.value;
         } else {
-          this.i = this.i + opcode[1].length;
-          this[opcode[0]].apply(this, opcode[1]);
+          this[opcode.opcode].apply(this, opcode.args);
         }
       }
 
       return this.createFunctionContext(asObject);
     },
 
-    nextOpcode: function(n) {
-      var opcodes = this.environment.opcodes, opcode = opcodes[this.i + n], name, val;
-      var extraParams, codes;
-
-      if(opcode === 'DECLARE') {
-        name = opcodes[this.i + 1];
-        val  = opcodes[this.i + 2];
-        return ['DECLARE', name, val];
-      } else {
-        name = Compiler.DISASSEMBLE_MAP[opcode];
-
-        extraParams = Compiler.multiParamSize(opcode);
-        codes = [];
-
-        for(var j=0; j<extraParams; j++) {
-          codes.push(opcodes[this.i + j + 1 + n]);
-        }
-
-        return [name, codes];
-      }
+    nextOpcode: function() {
+      var opcodes = this.environment.opcodes;
+      return opcodes[this.i + 1];
     },
 
-    eat: function(opcode) {
-      this.i = this.i + opcode.length;
+    eat: function() {
+      this.i = this.i + 1;
     },
 
     preamble: function() {
       var out = [];
 
-      // this register will disambiguate helper lookup from finding a function in
-      // a context. This is necessary for mustache compatibility, which requires
-      // that context functions in blocks are evaluated by blockHelperMissing, and
-      // then proceed as if the resulting value was provided to blockHelperMissing.
-      this.useRegister('foundHelper');
-
       if (!this.isChild) {
         var namespace = this.namespace;
         var copies = "helpers = helpers || " + namespace + ".helpers;";
-        if(this.environment.usePartial) { copies = copies + " partials = partials || " + namespace + ".partials;"; }
+        if (this.environment.usePartial) { copies = copies + " partials = partials || " + namespace + ".partials;"; }
+        if (this.options.data) { copies = copies + " data = data || {};"; }
         out.push(copies);
       } else {
         out.push('');
@@ -438,10 +503,7 @@ Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
     },
 
     createFunctionContext: function(asObject) {
-      var locals = this.stackVars;
-      if (!this.isChild) {
-        locals = locals.concat(this.context.registers.list);
-      }
+      var locals = this.stackVars.concat(this.registers.list);
 
       if(locals.length > 0) {
         this.source[1] = this.source[1] + ", " + locals.join(", ");
@@ -449,7 +511,6 @@ Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
 
       // Generate minimizer alias mappings
       if (!this.isChild) {
-        var aliases = [];
         for (var alias in this.context.aliases) {
           this.source[1] = this.source[1] + ', ' + alias + '=' + this.context.aliases[alias];
         }
@@ -474,22 +535,114 @@ Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
         params.push("depth" + this.environment.depths.list[i]);
       }
 
+      // Perform a second pass over the output to merge content when possible
+      var source = this.mergeSource();
+
+      if (!this.isChild) {
+        var revision = Handlebars.COMPILER_REVISION,
+            versions = Handlebars.REVISION_CHANGES[revision];
+        source = "this.compilerInfo = ["+revision+",'"+versions+"'];\n"+source;
+      }
+
       if (asObject) {
-        params.push(this.source.join("\n  "));
+        params.push(source);
 
         return Function.apply(this, params);
       } else {
-        var functionSource = 'function ' + (this.name || '') + '(' + params.join(',') + ') {\n  ' + this.source.join("\n  ") + '}';
+        var functionSource = 'function ' + (this.name || '') + '(' + params.join(',') + ') {\n  ' + source + '}';
         Handlebars.log(Handlebars.logger.DEBUG, functionSource + "\n\n");
         return functionSource;
       }
     },
+    mergeSource: function() {
+      // WARN: We are not handling the case where buffer is still populated as the source should
+      // not have buffer append operations as their final action.
+      var source = '',
+          buffer;
+      for (var i = 0, len = this.source.length; i < len; i++) {
+        var line = this.source[i];
+        if (line.appendToBuffer) {
+          if (buffer) {
+            buffer = buffer + '\n    + ' + line.content;
+          } else {
+            buffer = line.content;
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (buffer) {
+            source += 'buffer += ' + buffer + ';\n  ';
+            buffer = undefined;
+          }
+          source += line + '\n  ';
+        }
+      }
+      return source;
+    },
+
+    // [blockValue]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: hash, inverse, program, value
+    // On stack, after: return value of blockHelperMissing
+    //
+    // The purpose of this opcode is to take a block of the form
+    // `{{#foo}}...{{/foo}}`, resolve the value of `foo`, and
+    // replace it on the stack with the result of properly
+    // invoking blockHelperMissing.
+    blockValue: function() {
+      this.context.aliases.blockHelperMissing = 'helpers.blockHelperMissing';
+
+      var params = ["depth0"];
+      this.setupParams(0, params);
+
+      this.replaceStack(function(current) {
+        params.splice(1, 0, current);
+        return "blockHelperMissing.call(" + params.join(", ") + ")";
+      });
+    },
 
+    // [ambiguousBlockValue]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: hash, inverse, program, value
+    // Compiler value, before: lastHelper=value of last found helper, if any
+    // On stack, after, if no lastHelper: same as [blockValue]
+    // On stack, after, if lastHelper: value
+    ambiguousBlockValue: function() {
+      this.context.aliases.blockHelperMissing = 'helpers.blockHelperMissing';
+
+      var params = ["depth0"];
+      this.setupParams(0, params);
+
+      var current = this.topStack();
+      params.splice(1, 0, current);
+
+      // Use the options value generated from the invocation
+      params[params.length-1] = 'options';
+
+      this.source.push("if (!" + this.lastHelper + ") { " + current + " = blockHelperMissing.call(" + params.join(", ") + "); }");
+    },
+
+    // [appendContent]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: ...
+    // On stack, after: ...
+    //
+    // Appends the string value of `content` to the current buffer
     appendContent: function(content) {
       this.source.push(this.appendToBuffer(this.quotedString(content)));
     },
 
+    // [append]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: value, ...
+    // On stack, after: ...
+    //
+    // Coerces `value` to a String and appends it to the current buffer.
+    //
+    // If `value` is truthy, or 0, it is coerced into a string and appended
+    // Otherwise, the empty string is appended
     append: function() {
+      // Force anything that is inlined onto the stack so we don't have duplication
+      // when we examine local
+      this.flushInline();
       var local = this.popStack();
       this.source.push("if(" + local + " || " + local + " === 0) { " + this.appendToBuffer(local) + " }");
       if (this.environment.isSimple) {
@@ -497,168 +650,279 @@ Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
       }
     },
 
+    // [appendEscaped]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: value, ...
+    // On stack, after: ...
+    //
+    // Escape `value` and append it to the buffer
     appendEscaped: function() {
-      var opcode = this.nextOpcode(1), extra = "";
       this.context.aliases.escapeExpression = 'this.escapeExpression';
 
-      if(opcode[0] === 'appendContent') {
-        extra = " + " + this.quotedString(opcode[1][0]);
-        this.eat(opcode);
-      }
-
-      this.source.push(this.appendToBuffer("escapeExpression(" + this.popStack() + ")" + extra));
+      this.source.push(this.appendToBuffer("escapeExpression(" + this.popStack() + ")"));
     },
 
+    // [getContext]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: ...
+    // On stack, after: ...
+    // Compiler value, after: lastContext=depth
+    //
+    // Set the value of the `lastContext` compiler value to the depth
     getContext: function(depth) {
       if(this.lastContext !== depth) {
         this.lastContext = depth;
       }
     },
 
-    lookupWithHelpers: function(name, isScoped) {
-      if(name) {
-        var topStack = this.nextStack();
-
-        this.usingKnownHelper = false;
-
-        var toPush;
-        if (!isScoped && this.options.knownHelpers[name]) {
-          toPush = topStack + " = " + this.nameLookup('helpers', name, 'helper');
-          this.usingKnownHelper = true;
-        } else if (isScoped || this.options.knownHelpersOnly) {
-          toPush = topStack + " = " + this.nameLookup('depth' + this.lastContext, name, 'context');
-        } else {
-          this.register('foundHelper', this.nameLookup('helpers', name, 'helper'));
-          toPush = topStack + " = foundHelper || " + this.nameLookup('depth' + this.lastContext, name, 'context');
-        }
-
-        toPush += ';';
-        this.source.push(toPush);
-      } else {
-        this.pushStack('depth' + this.lastContext);
-      }
+    // [lookupOnContext]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: ...
+    // On stack, after: currentContext[name], ...
+    //
+    // Looks up the value of `name` on the current context and pushes
+    // it onto the stack.
+    lookupOnContext: function(name) {
+      this.push(this.nameLookup('depth' + this.lastContext, name, 'context'));
     },
 
-    lookup: function(name) {
-      var topStack = this.topStack();
-      this.source.push(topStack + " = (" + topStack + " === null || " + topStack + " === undefined || " + topStack + " === false ? " +
-         topStack + " : " + this.nameLookup(topStack, name, 'context') + ");");
+    // [pushContext]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: ...
+    // On stack, after: currentContext, ...
+    //
+    // Pushes the value of the current context onto the stack.
+    pushContext: function() {
+      this.pushStackLiteral('depth' + this.lastContext);
     },
 
-    pushStringParam: function(string) {
-      this.pushStack('depth' + this.lastContext);
-      this.pushString(string);
-    },
-
-    pushString: function(string) {
-      this.pushStack(this.quotedString(string));
-    },
-
-    push: function(name) {
-      this.pushStack(name);
-    },
-
-    invokeMustache: function(paramSize, original, hasHash) {
-      this.populateParams(paramSize, this.quotedString(original), "{}", null, hasHash, function(nextStack, helperMissingString, id) {
-        if (!this.usingKnownHelper) {
-          this.context.aliases.helperMissing = 'helpers.helperMissing';
-          this.context.aliases.undef = 'void 0';
-          this.source.push("else if(" + id + "=== undef) { " + nextStack + " = helperMissing.call(" + helperMissingString + "); }");
-          if (nextStack !== id) {
-            this.source.push("else { " + nextStack + " = " + id + "; }");
-          }
-        }
+    // [resolvePossibleLambda]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: value, ...
+    // On stack, after: resolved value, ...
+    //
+    // If the `value` is a lambda, replace it on the stack by
+    // the return value of the lambda
+    resolvePossibleLambda: function() {
+      this.context.aliases.functionType = '"function"';
+
+      this.replaceStack(function(current) {
+        return "typeof " + current + " === functionType ? " + current + ".apply(depth0) : " + current;
       });
     },
 
-    invokeProgram: function(guid, paramSize, hasHash) {
-      var inverse = this.programExpression(this.inverse);
-      var mainProgram = this.programExpression(guid);
-
-      this.populateParams(paramSize, null, mainProgram, inverse, hasHash, function(nextStack, helperMissingString, id) {
-        if (!this.usingKnownHelper) {
-          this.context.aliases.blockHelperMissing = 'helpers.blockHelperMissing';
-          this.source.push("else { " + nextStack + " = blockHelperMissing.call(" + helperMissingString + "); }");
-        }
+    // [lookup]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: value, ...
+    // On stack, after: value[name], ...
+    //
+    // Replace the value on the stack with the result of looking
+    // up `name` on `value`
+    lookup: function(name) {
+      this.replaceStack(function(current) {
+        return current + " == null || " + current + " === false ? " + current + " : " + this.nameLookup(current, name, 'context');
       });
     },
 
-    populateParams: function(paramSize, helperId, program, inverse, hasHash, fn) {
-      var needsRegister = hasHash || this.options.stringParams || inverse || this.options.data;
-      var id = this.popStack(), nextStack;
-      var params = [], param, stringParam, stringOptions;
+    // [lookupData]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: ...
+    // On stack, after: data[id], ...
+    //
+    // Push the result of looking up `id` on the current data
+    lookupData: function(id) {
+      this.push(this.nameLookup('data', id, 'data'));
+    },
 
-      if (needsRegister) {
-        this.register('tmp1', program);
-        stringOptions = 'tmp1';
+    // [pushStringParam]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: ...
+    // On stack, after: string, currentContext, ...
+    //
+    // This opcode is designed for use in string mode, which
+    // provides the string value of a parameter along with its
+    // depth rather than resolving it immediately.
+    pushStringParam: function(string, type) {
+      this.pushStackLiteral('depth' + this.lastContext);
+
+      this.pushString(type);
+
+      if (typeof string === 'string') {
+        this.pushString(string);
       } else {
-        stringOptions = '{ hash: {} }';
+        this.pushStackLiteral(string);
       }
+    },
+
+    emptyHash: function() {
+      this.pushStackLiteral('{}');
 
-      if (needsRegister) {
-        var hash = (hasHash ? this.popStack() : '{}');
-        this.source.push('tmp1.hash = ' + hash + ';');
+      if (this.options.stringParams) {
+        this.register('hashTypes', '{}');
       }
+    },
+    pushHash: function() {
+      this.hash = {values: [], types: []};
+    },
+    popHash: function() {
+      var hash = this.hash;
+      this.hash = undefined;
 
-      if(this.options.stringParams) {
-        this.source.push('tmp1.contexts = [];');
+      if (this.options.stringParams) {
+        this.register('hashTypes', '{' + hash.types.join(',') + '}');
       }
+      this.push('{\n    ' + hash.values.join(',\n    ') + '\n  }');
+    },
 
-      for(var i=0; i<paramSize; i++) {
-        param = this.popStack();
-        params.push(param);
+    // [pushString]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: ...
+    // On stack, after: quotedString(string), ...
+    //
+    // Push a quoted version of `string` onto the stack
+    pushString: function(string) {
+      this.pushStackLiteral(this.quotedString(string));
+    },
 
-        if(this.options.stringParams) {
-          this.source.push('tmp1.contexts.push(' + this.popStack() + ');');
-        }
-      }
+    // [push]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: ...
+    // On stack, after: expr, ...
+    //
+    // Push an expression onto the stack
+    push: function(expr) {
+      this.inlineStack.push(expr);
+      return expr;
+    },
 
-      if(inverse) {
-        this.source.push('tmp1.fn = tmp1;');
-        this.source.push('tmp1.inverse = ' + inverse + ';');
-      }
+    // [pushLiteral]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: ...
+    // On stack, after: value, ...
+    //
+    // Pushes a value onto the stack. This operation prevents
+    // the compiler from creating a temporary variable to hold
+    // it.
+    pushLiteral: function(value) {
+      this.pushStackLiteral(value);
+    },
 
-      if(this.options.data) {
-        this.source.push('tmp1.data = data;');
+    // [pushProgram]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: ...
+    // On stack, after: program(guid), ...
+    //
+    // Push a program expression onto the stack. This takes
+    // a compile-time guid and converts it into a runtime-accessible
+    // expression.
+    pushProgram: function(guid) {
+      if (guid != null) {
+        this.pushStackLiteral(this.programExpression(guid));
+      } else {
+        this.pushStackLiteral(null);
       }
+    },
 
-      params.push(stringOptions);
-
-      this.populateCall(params, id, helperId || id, fn, program !== '{}');
+    // [invokeHelper]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: hash, inverse, program, params..., ...
+    // On stack, after: result of helper invocation
+    //
+    // Pops off the helper's parameters, invokes the helper,
+    // and pushes the helper's return value onto the stack.
+    //
+    // If the helper is not found, `helperMissing` is called.
+    invokeHelper: function(paramSize, name) {
+      this.context.aliases.helperMissing = 'helpers.helperMissing';
+
+      var helper = this.lastHelper = this.setupHelper(paramSize, name, true);
+
+      this.push(helper.name);
+      this.replaceStack(function(name) {
+        return name + ' ? ' + name + '.call(' +
+            helper.callParams + ") " + ": helperMissing.call(" +
+            helper.helperMissingParams + ")";
+      });
     },
 
-    populateCall: function(params, id, helperId, fn, program) {
-      var paramString = ["depth0"].concat(params).join(", ");
-      var helperMissingString = ["depth0"].concat(helperId).concat(params).join(", ");
+    // [invokeKnownHelper]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: hash, inverse, program, params..., ...
+    // On stack, after: result of helper invocation
+    //
+    // This operation is used when the helper is known to exist,
+    // so a `helperMissing` fallback is not required.
+    invokeKnownHelper: function(paramSize, name) {
+      var helper = this.setupHelper(paramSize, name);
+      this.push(helper.name + ".call(" + helper.callParams + ")");
+    },
 
+    // [invokeAmbiguous]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: hash, inverse, program, params..., ...
+    // On stack, after: result of disambiguation
+    //
+    // This operation is used when an expression like `{{foo}}`
+    // is provided, but we don't know at compile-time whether it
+    // is a helper or a path.
+    //
+    // This operation emits more code than the other options,
+    // and can be avoided by passing the `knownHelpers` and
+    // `knownHelpersOnly` flags at compile-time.
+    invokeAmbiguous: function(name, helperCall) {
+      this.context.aliases.functionType = '"function"';
+
+      this.pushStackLiteral('{}');    // Hash value
+      var helper = this.setupHelper(0, name, helperCall);
+
+      var helperName = this.lastHelper = this.nameLookup('helpers', name, 'helper');
+
+      var nonHelper = this.nameLookup('depth' + this.lastContext, name, 'context');
       var nextStack = this.nextStack();
 
-      if (this.usingKnownHelper) {
-        this.source.push(nextStack + " = " + id + ".call(" + paramString + ");");
-      } else {
-        this.context.aliases.functionType = '"function"';
-        var condition = program ? "foundHelper && " : "";
-        this.source.push("if(" + condition + "typeof " + id + " === functionType) { " + nextStack + " = " + id + ".call(" + paramString + "); }");
-      }
-      fn.call(this, nextStack, helperMissingString, id);
-      this.usingKnownHelper = false;
+      this.source.push('if (' + nextStack + ' = ' + helperName + ') { ' + nextStack + ' = ' + nextStack + '.call(' + helper.callParams + '); }');
+      this.source.push('else { ' + nextStack + ' = ' + nonHelper + '; ' + nextStack + ' = typeof ' + nextStack + ' === functionType ? ' + nextStack + '.apply(depth0) : ' + nextStack + '; }');
     },
 
-    invokePartial: function(context) {
-      var params = [this.nameLookup('partials', context, 'partial'), "'" + context + "'", this.popStack(), "helpers", "partials"];
+    // [invokePartial]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: context, ...
+    // On stack after: result of partial invocation
+    //
+    // This operation pops off a context, invokes a partial with that context,
+    // and pushes the result of the invocation back.
+    invokePartial: function(name) {
+      var params = [this.nameLookup('partials', name, 'partial'), "'" + name + "'", this.popStack(), "helpers", "partials"];
 
       if (this.options.data) {
         params.push("data");
       }
 
-      this.pushStack("self.invokePartial(" + params.join(", ") + ");");
+      this.context.aliases.self = "this";
+      this.push("self.invokePartial(" + params.join(", ") + ")");
     },
 
+    // [assignToHash]
+    //
+    // On stack, before: value, hash, ...
+    // On stack, after: hash, ...
+    //
+    // Pops a value and hash off the stack, assigns `hash[key] = value`
+    // and pushes the hash back onto the stack.
     assignToHash: function(key) {
-      var value = this.popStack();
-      var hash = this.topStack();
+      var value = this.popStack(),
+          type;
+
+      if (this.options.stringParams) {
+        type = this.popStack();
+        this.popStack();
+      }
 
-      this.source.push(hash + "['" + key + "'] = " + value + ";");
+      var hash = this.hash;
+      if (type) {
+        hash.types.push("'" + key + "': " + type);
+      }
+      hash.values.push("'" + key + "': (" + value + ")");
     },
 
     // HELPERS
@@ -672,16 +936,36 @@ Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
         child = children[i];
         compiler = new this.compiler();
 
-        this.context.programs.push('');     // Placeholder to prevent name conflicts for nested children
-        var index = this.context.programs.length;
-        child.index = index;
-        child.name = 'program' + index;
-        this.context.programs[index] = compiler.compile(child, options, this.context);
+        var index = this.matchExistingProgram(child);
+
+        if (index == null) {
+          this.context.programs.push('');     // Placeholder to prevent name conflicts for nested children
+          index = this.context.programs.length;
+          child.index = index;
+          child.name = 'program' + index;
+          this.context.programs[index] = compiler.compile(child, options, this.context);
+          this.context.environments[index] = child;
+        } else {
+          child.index = index;
+          child.name = 'program' + index;
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    matchExistingProgram: function(child) {
+      for (var i = 0, len = this.context.environments.length; i < len; i++) {
+        var environment = this.context.environments[i];
+        if (environment && environment.equals(child)) {
+          return i;
+        }
       }
     },
 
     programExpression: function(guid) {
-      if(guid == null) { return "self.noop"; }
+      this.context.aliases.self = "this";
+
+      if(guid == null) {
+        return "self.noop";
+      }
 
       var child = this.environment.children[guid],
           depths = child.depths.list, depth;
@@ -709,29 +993,122 @@ Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
     },
 
     useRegister: function(name) {
-      if(!this.context.registers[name]) {
-        this.context.registers[name] = true;
-        this.context.registers.list.push(name);
+      if(!this.registers[name]) {
+        this.registers[name] = true;
+        this.registers.list.push(name);
       }
     },
 
+    pushStackLiteral: function(item) {
+      return this.push(new Literal(item));
+    },
+
     pushStack: function(item) {
-      this.source.push(this.nextStack() + " = " + item + ";");
-      return "stack" + this.stackSlot;
+      this.flushInline();
+
+      var stack = this.incrStack();
+      if (item) {
+        this.source.push(stack + " = " + item + ";");
+      }
+      this.compileStack.push(stack);
+      return stack;
+    },
+
+    replaceStack: function(callback) {
+      var prefix = '',
+          inline = this.isInline(),
+          stack;
+
+      // If we are currently inline then we want to merge the inline statement into the
+      // replacement statement via ','
+      if (inline) {
+        var top = this.popStack(true);
+
+        if (top instanceof Literal) {
+          // Literals do not need to be inlined
+          stack = top.value;
+        } else {
+          // Get or create the current stack name for use by the inline
+          var name = this.stackSlot ? this.topStackName() : this.incrStack();
+
+          prefix = '(' + this.push(name) + ' = ' + top + '),';
+          stack = this.topStack();
+        }
+      } else {
+        stack = this.topStack();
+      }
+
+      var item = callback.call(this, stack);
+
+      if (inline) {
+        if (this.inlineStack.length || this.compileStack.length) {
+          this.popStack();
+        }
+        this.push('(' + prefix + item + ')');
+      } else {
+        // Prevent modification of the context depth variable. Through replaceStack
+        if (!/^stack/.test(stack)) {
+          stack = this.nextStack();
+        }
+
+        this.source.push(stack + " = (" + prefix + item + ");");
+      }
+      return stack;
     },
 
     nextStack: function() {
+      return this.pushStack();
+    },
+
+    incrStack: function() {
       this.stackSlot++;
       if(this.stackSlot > this.stackVars.length) { this.stackVars.push("stack" + this.stackSlot); }
+      return this.topStackName();
+    },
+    topStackName: function() {
       return "stack" + this.stackSlot;
     },
+    flushInline: function() {
+      var inlineStack = this.inlineStack;
+      if (inlineStack.length) {
+        this.inlineStack = [];
+        for (var i = 0, len = inlineStack.length; i < len; i++) {
+          var entry = inlineStack[i];
+          if (entry instanceof Literal) {
+            this.compileStack.push(entry);
+          } else {
+            this.pushStack(entry);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    isInline: function() {
+      return this.inlineStack.length;
+    },
 
-    popStack: function() {
-      return "stack" + this.stackSlot--;
+    popStack: function(wrapped) {
+      var inline = this.isInline(),
+          item = (inline ? this.inlineStack : this.compileStack).pop();
+
+      if (!wrapped && (item instanceof Literal)) {
+        return item.value;
+      } else {
+        if (!inline) {
+          this.stackSlot--;
+        }
+        return item;
+      }
     },
 
-    topStack: function() {
-      return "stack" + this.stackSlot;
+    topStack: function(wrapped) {
+      var stack = (this.isInline() ? this.inlineStack : this.compileStack),
+          item = stack[stack.length - 1];
+
+      if (!wrapped && (item instanceof Literal)) {
+        return item.value;
+      } else {
+        return item;
+      }
     },
 
     quotedString: function(str) {
@@ -740,6 +1117,76 @@ Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
         .replace(/"/g, '\\"')
         .replace(/\n/g, '\\n')
         .replace(/\r/g, '\\r') + '"';
+    },
+
+    setupHelper: function(paramSize, name, missingParams) {
+      var params = [];
+      this.setupParams(paramSize, params, missingParams);
+      var foundHelper = this.nameLookup('helpers', name, 'helper');
+
+      return {
+        params: params,
+        name: foundHelper,
+        callParams: ["depth0"].concat(params).join(", "),
+        helperMissingParams: missingParams && ["depth0", this.quotedString(name)].concat(params).join(", ")
+      };
+    },
+
+    // the params and contexts arguments are passed in arrays
+    // to fill in
+    setupParams: function(paramSize, params, useRegister) {
+      var options = [], contexts = [], types = [], param, inverse, program;
+
+      options.push("hash:" + this.popStack());
+
+      inverse = this.popStack();
+      program = this.popStack();
+
+      // Avoid setting fn and inverse if neither are set. This allows
+      // helpers to do a check for `if (options.fn)`
+      if (program || inverse) {
+        if (!program) {
+          this.context.aliases.self = "this";
+          program = "self.noop";
+        }
+
+        if (!inverse) {
+         this.context.aliases.self = "this";
+          inverse = "self.noop";
+        }
+
+        options.push("inverse:" + inverse);
+        options.push("fn:" + program);
+      }
+
+      for(var i=0; i<paramSize; i++) {
+        param = this.popStack();
+        params.push(param);
+
+        if(this.options.stringParams) {
+          types.push(this.popStack());
+          contexts.push(this.popStack());
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (this.options.stringParams) {
+        options.push("contexts:[" + contexts.join(",") + "]");
+        options.push("types:[" + types.join(",") + "]");
+        options.push("hashTypes:hashTypes");
+      }
+
+      if(this.options.data) {
+        options.push("data:data");
+      }
+
+      options = "{" + options.join(",") + "}";
+      if (useRegister) {
+        this.register('options', options);
+        params.push('options');
+      } else {
+        params.push(options);
+      }
+      return params.join(", ");
     }
   };
 
@@ -776,20 +1223,32 @@ Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler = function() {};
 
 })(Handlebars.Compiler, Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler);
 
-Handlebars.precompile = function(string, options) {
-  options = options || {};
+Handlebars.precompile = function(input, options) {
+  if (!input || (typeof input !== 'string' && input.constructor !== Handlebars.AST.ProgramNode)) {
+    throw new Handlebars.Exception("You must pass a string or Handlebars AST to Handlebars.compile. You passed " + input);
+  }
 
-  var ast = Handlebars.parse(string);
+  options = options || {};
+  if (!('data' in options)) {
+    options.data = true;
+  }
+  var ast = Handlebars.parse(input);
   var environment = new Handlebars.Compiler().compile(ast, options);
   return new Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler().compile(environment, options);
 };
 
-Handlebars.compile = function(string, options) {
-  options = options || {};
+Handlebars.compile = function(input, options) {
+  if (!input || (typeof input !== 'string' && input.constructor !== Handlebars.AST.ProgramNode)) {
+    throw new Handlebars.Exception("You must pass a string or Handlebars AST to Handlebars.compile. You passed " + input);
+  }
 
+  options = options || {};
+  if (!('data' in options)) {
+    options.data = true;
+  }
   var compiled;
   function compile() {
-    var ast = Handlebars.parse(string);
+    var ast = Handlebars.parse(input);
     var environment = new Handlebars.Compiler().compile(ast, options);
     var templateSpec = new Handlebars.JavaScriptCompiler().compile(environment, options, undefined, true);
     return Handlebars.template(templateSpec);