grpc 1.71.0 → 1.75.0

data/third_party/cares/cares/src/lib/ares_getaddrinfo.c

@@ -1,27 +1,37 @@
-
-/* Copyright 1998, 2011, 2013 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
- * Copyright (C) 2017 - 2018 by Christian Ammer
- * Copyright (C) 2019 by Andrew Selivanov
+/* MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 1998, 2011, 2013 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 Christian Ammer
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 Andrew Selivanov
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next
+ * paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
+ * Software.
  *
- * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
- * software and its documentation for any purpose and without
- * fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright
- * notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
- * notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
- * documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used in
- * advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
- * software without specific, written prior permission.
- * M.I.T. makes no representations about the suitability of
- * this software for any purpose.  It is provided "as is"
- * without express or implied warranty.
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
-#include "ares_setup.h"
+#include "ares_private.h"
 
 #ifdef HAVE_GETSERVBYNAME_R
-#  if !defined(GETSERVBYNAME_R_ARGS) || \
-     (GETSERVBYNAME_R_ARGS < 4) || (GETSERVBYNAME_R_ARGS > 6)
-#    error "you MUST specifiy a valid number of arguments for getservbyname_r"
+#  if !defined(GETSERVBYNAME_R_ARGS) || (GETSERVBYNAME_R_ARGS < 4) || \
+    (GETSERVBYNAME_R_ARGS > 6)
+#    error "you MUST specify a valid number of arguments for getservbyname_r"
 #  endif
 #endif
 
@@ -38,41 +48,42 @@
 #include "ares_nameser.h"
 
 #ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
-#include <strings.h>
+#  include <strings.h>
 #endif
 #include <assert.h>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_LIMITS_H
-#include <limits.h>
+#  include <limits.h>
 #endif
 
-#include "ares.h"
-#include "bitncmp.h"
-#include "ares_private.h"
+#include "ares_dns.h"
 
-#ifdef WATT32
-#undef WIN32
-#endif
-#ifdef WIN32
-#  include "ares_platform.h"
-#endif
-
-struct host_query
-{
-  ares_channel channel;
-  char *name;
-  unsigned short port; /* in host order */
-  ares_addrinfo_callback callback;
-  void *arg;
+struct host_query {
+  ares_channel_t            *channel;
+  char                      *name;
+  unsigned short             port; /* in host order */
+  ares_addrinfo_callback     callback;
+  void                      *arg;
   struct ares_addrinfo_hints hints;
-  int sent_family; /* this family is what was is being used */
-  int timeouts;    /* number of timeouts we saw for this request */
+  int    sent_family; /* this family is what was is being used */
+  size_t timeouts;    /* number of timeouts we saw for this request */
+  char  *lookups; /* Duplicate memory from channel because of ares_reinit() */
   const char *remaining_lookups; /* types of lookup we need to perform ("fb" by
                                     default, file and dns respectively) */
-  struct ares_addrinfo *ai;      /* store results between lookups */
-  int remaining;   /* number of DNS answers waiting for */
-  int next_domain; /* next search domain to try */
-  int nodata_cnt; /* Track nodata responses to possibly override final result */
+
+  /* Search order for names */
+  char      **names;
+  size_t      names_cnt;
+  size_t      next_name_idx;       /* next name index being attempted */
+
+  struct ares_addrinfo *ai;        /* store results between lookups */
+  unsigned short        qid_a;     /* qid for A request */
+  unsigned short        qid_aaaa;  /* qid for AAAA request */
+
+  size_t                remaining; /* number of DNS answers waiting for */
+
+  /* Track nodata responses to possibly override final result */
+  size_t                nodata_cnt;
 };
 
 static const struct ares_addrinfo_hints default_hints = {
@@ -82,139 +93,84 @@ static const struct ares_addrinfo_hints default_hints = {
   0,         /* ai_protocol */
 };
 
-static const struct ares_addrinfo_cname empty_addrinfo_cname = {
-  INT_MAX, /* ttl */
-  NULL,    /* alias */
-  NULL,    /* name */
-  NULL,    /* next */
-};
-
-static const struct ares_addrinfo_node empty_addrinfo_node = {
-  0,    /* ai_ttl */
-  0,    /* ai_flags */
-  0,    /* ai_family */
-  0,    /* ai_socktype */
-  0,    /* ai_protocol */
-  0,    /* ai_addrlen */
-  NULL, /* ai_addr */
-  NULL  /* ai_next */
-};
-
-static const struct ares_addrinfo empty_addrinfo = {
-  NULL, /* cnames */
-  NULL, /* nodes */
-  NULL  /* name */
-};
-
 /* forward declarations */
-static void host_callback(void *arg, int status, int timeouts,
-                          unsigned char *abuf, int alen);
-static int as_is_first(const struct host_query *hquery);
-static int as_is_only(const struct host_query* hquery);
-static int next_dns_lookup(struct host_query *hquery);
+static ares_bool_t next_dns_lookup(struct host_query *hquery);
 
-struct ares_addrinfo_cname *ares__malloc_addrinfo_cname()
+struct ares_addrinfo_cname *
+  ares_append_addrinfo_cname(struct ares_addrinfo_cname **head)
 {
-  struct ares_addrinfo_cname *cname = ares_malloc(sizeof(struct ares_addrinfo_cname));
-  if (!cname)
-    return NULL;
+  struct ares_addrinfo_cname *tail = ares_malloc_zero(sizeof(*tail));
+  struct ares_addrinfo_cname *last = *head;
 
-  *cname = empty_addrinfo_cname;
-  return cname;
-}
+  if (tail == NULL) {
+    return NULL; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+  }
 
-struct ares_addrinfo_cname *ares__append_addrinfo_cname(struct ares_addrinfo_cname **head)
-{
-  struct ares_addrinfo_cname *tail = ares__malloc_addrinfo_cname();
-  struct ares_addrinfo_cname *last = *head;
-  if (!last)
-    {
-      *head = tail;
-      return tail;
-    }
+  if (!last) {
+    *head = tail;
+    return tail;
+  }
 
-  while (last->next)
-    {
-      last = last->next;
-    }
+  while (last->next) {
+    last = last->next;
+  }
 
   last->next = tail;
   return tail;
 }
 
-void ares__addrinfo_cat_cnames(struct ares_addrinfo_cname **head,
-                               struct ares_addrinfo_cname *tail)
+void ares_addrinfo_cat_cnames(struct ares_addrinfo_cname **head,
+                              struct ares_addrinfo_cname  *tail)
 {
   struct ares_addrinfo_cname *last = *head;
-  if (!last)
-    {
-      *head = tail;
-      return;
-    }
+  if (!last) {
+    *head = tail;
+    return;
+  }
 
-  while (last->next)
-    {
-      last = last->next;
-    }
+  while (last->next) {
+    last = last->next;
+  }
 
   last->next = tail;
 }
 
-struct ares_addrinfo *ares__malloc_addrinfo()
-{
-  struct ares_addrinfo *ai = ares_malloc(sizeof(struct ares_addrinfo));
-  if (!ai)
-    return NULL;
-
-  *ai = empty_addrinfo;
-  return ai;
-}
-
-struct ares_addrinfo_node *ares__malloc_addrinfo_node()
-{
-  struct ares_addrinfo_node *node =
-      ares_malloc(sizeof(struct ares_addrinfo_node));
-  if (!node)
-    return NULL;
-
-  *node = empty_addrinfo_node;
-  return node;
-}
-
 /* Allocate new addrinfo and append to the tail. */
-struct ares_addrinfo_node *ares__append_addrinfo_node(struct ares_addrinfo_node **head)
+struct ares_addrinfo_node *
+  ares_append_addrinfo_node(struct ares_addrinfo_node **head)
 {
-  struct ares_addrinfo_node *tail = ares__malloc_addrinfo_node();
+  struct ares_addrinfo_node *tail = ares_malloc_zero(sizeof(*tail));
   struct ares_addrinfo_node *last = *head;
-  if (!last)
-    {
-      *head = tail;
-      return tail;
-    }
 
-  while (last->ai_next)
-    {
-      last = last->ai_next;
-    }
+  if (tail == NULL) {
+    return NULL; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+  }
+
+  if (!last) {
+    *head = tail;
+    return tail;
+  }
+
+  while (last->ai_next) {
+    last = last->ai_next;
+  }
 
   last->ai_next = tail;
   return tail;
 }
 
-void ares__addrinfo_cat_nodes(struct ares_addrinfo_node **head,
-                              struct ares_addrinfo_node *tail)
+void ares_addrinfo_cat_nodes(struct ares_addrinfo_node **head,
+                             struct ares_addrinfo_node  *tail)
 {
   struct ares_addrinfo_node *last = *head;
-  if (!last)
-    {
-      *head = tail;
-      return;
-    }
+  if (!last) {
+    *head = tail;
+    return;
+  }
 
-  while (last->ai_next)
-    {
-      last = last->ai_next;
-    }
+  while (last->ai_next) {
+    last = last->ai_next;
+  }
 
   last->ai_next = tail;
 }
@@ -224,627 +180,557 @@ void ares__addrinfo_cat_nodes(struct ares_addrinfo_node **head,
  */
 static unsigned short lookup_service(const char *service, int flags)
 {
-  const char *proto;
+  const char     *proto;
   struct servent *sep;
 #ifdef HAVE_GETSERVBYNAME_R
   struct servent se;
-  char tmpbuf[4096];
+  char           tmpbuf[4096];
 #endif
 
-  if (service)
-    {
-      if (flags & ARES_NI_UDP)
-        proto = "udp";
-      else if (flags & ARES_NI_SCTP)
-        proto = "sctp";
-      else if (flags & ARES_NI_DCCP)
-        proto = "dccp";
-      else
-        proto = "tcp";
+  if (service) {
+    if (flags & ARES_NI_UDP) {
+      proto = "udp";
+    } else if (flags & ARES_NI_SCTP) {
+      proto = "sctp";
+    } else if (flags & ARES_NI_DCCP) {
+      proto = "dccp";
+    } else {
+      proto = "tcp";
+    }
 #ifdef HAVE_GETSERVBYNAME_R
-      memset(&se, 0, sizeof(se));
-      sep = &se;
-      memset(tmpbuf, 0, sizeof(tmpbuf));
-#if GETSERVBYNAME_R_ARGS == 6
-      if (getservbyname_r(service, proto, &se, (void *)tmpbuf, sizeof(tmpbuf),
-                          &sep) != 0)
-        sep = NULL; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: buffer large so this never fails */
-#elif GETSERVBYNAME_R_ARGS == 5
-      sep =
-          getservbyname_r(service, proto, &se, (void *)tmpbuf, sizeof(tmpbuf));
-#elif GETSERVBYNAME_R_ARGS == 4
-      if (getservbyname_r(service, proto, &se, (void *)tmpbuf) != 0)
-        sep = NULL;
-#else
-      /* Lets just hope the OS uses TLS! */
-      sep = getservbyname(service, proto);
-#endif
-#else
-        /* Lets just hope the OS uses TLS! */
-#if (defined(NETWARE) && !defined(__NOVELL_LIBC__))
-      sep = getservbyname(service, (char *)proto);
+    memset(&se, 0, sizeof(se));
+    sep = &se;
+    memset(tmpbuf, 0, sizeof(tmpbuf));
+#  if GETSERVBYNAME_R_ARGS == 6
+    if (getservbyname_r(service, proto, &se, (void *)tmpbuf, sizeof(tmpbuf),
+                        &sep) != 0) {
+      sep = NULL; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: buffer large so this never fails */
+    }
+#  elif GETSERVBYNAME_R_ARGS == 5
+    sep = getservbyname_r(service, proto, &se, (void *)tmpbuf, sizeof(tmpbuf));
+#  elif GETSERVBYNAME_R_ARGS == 4
+    if (getservbyname_r(service, proto, &se, (void *)tmpbuf) != 0) {
+      sep = NULL;
+    }
+#  else
+    /* Lets just hope the OS uses TLS! */
+    sep = getservbyname(service, proto);
+#  endif
 #else
-      sep = getservbyname(service, proto);
-#endif
+    /* Lets just hope the OS uses TLS! */
+#  if (defined(NETWARE) && !defined(__NOVELL_LIBC__))
+    sep = getservbyname(service, (char *)proto);
+#  else
+    sep = getservbyname(service, proto);
+#  endif
 #endif
-      return (sep ? ntohs((unsigned short)sep->s_port) : 0);
-    }
+    return (sep ? ntohs((unsigned short)sep->s_port) : 0);
+  }
   return 0;
 }
 
-/* If the name looks like an IP address or an error occured,
+/* If the name looks like an IP address or an error occurred,
  * fake up a host entry, end the query immediately, and return true.
  * Otherwise return false.
  */
-static int fake_addrinfo(const char *name,
-                         unsigned short port,
-                         const struct ares_addrinfo_hints *hints,
-                         struct ares_addrinfo *ai,
-                         ares_addrinfo_callback callback,
-                         void *arg)
+static ares_bool_t fake_addrinfo(const char *name, unsigned short port,
+                                 const struct ares_addrinfo_hints *hints,
+                                 struct ares_addrinfo             *ai,
+                                 ares_addrinfo_callback callback, void *arg)
 {
   struct ares_addrinfo_cname *cname;
-  int status = ARES_SUCCESS;
-  int result = 0;
-  int family = hints->ai_family;
-  if (family == AF_INET || family == AF_INET6 || family == AF_UNSPEC)
-    {
-      /* It only looks like an IP address if it's all numbers and dots. */
-      int numdots = 0, valid = 1;
-      const char *p;
-      for (p = name; *p; p++)
-        {
-          if (!ISDIGIT(*p) && *p != '.')
-            {
-              valid = 0;
-              break;
-            }
-          else if (*p == '.')
-            {
-              numdots++;
-            }
-        }
+  ares_status_t               status = ARES_SUCCESS;
+  ares_bool_t                 result = ARES_FALSE;
+  int                         family = hints->ai_family;
+  if (family == AF_INET || family == AF_INET6 || family == AF_UNSPEC) {
+    /* It only looks like an IP address if it's all numbers and dots. */
+    size_t      numdots = 0;
+    ares_bool_t valid   = ARES_TRUE;
+    const char *p;
+    for (p = name; *p; p++) {
+      if (!ares_isdigit(*p) && *p != '.') {
+        valid = ARES_FALSE;
+        break;
+      } else if (*p == '.') {
+        numdots++;
+      }
+    }
 
-      /* if we don't have 3 dots, it is illegal
-       * (although inet_pton doesn't think so).
-       */
-      if (numdots != 3 || !valid)
-        result = 0;
-      else
-        {
-          struct in_addr addr4;
-          result = ares_inet_pton(AF_INET, name, &addr4) < 1 ? 0 : 1;
-          if (result)
-            {
-              status = ares_append_ai_node(AF_INET, port, 0, &addr4, &ai->nodes);
-              if (status != ARES_SUCCESS)
-                {
-                  callback(arg, status, 0, NULL);
-                  return 1;
-                }
-            }
+    /* if we don't have 3 dots, it is illegal
+     * (although inet_pton doesn't think so).
+     */
+    if (numdots != 3 || !valid) {
+      result = ARES_FALSE;
+    } else {
+      struct in_addr addr4;
+      result =
+        ares_inet_pton(AF_INET, name, &addr4) < 1 ? ARES_FALSE : ARES_TRUE;
+      if (result) {
+        status = ares_append_ai_node(AF_INET, port, 0, &addr4, &ai->nodes);
+        if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+          callback(arg, (int)status, 0, NULL); /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+          return ARES_TRUE;                    /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
         }
+      }
     }
+  }
 
-  if (!result && (family == AF_INET6 || family == AF_UNSPEC))
-    {
-      struct ares_in6_addr addr6;
-      result = ares_inet_pton(AF_INET6, name, &addr6) < 1 ? 0 : 1;
-      if (result)
-        {
-          status = ares_append_ai_node(AF_INET6, port, 0, &addr6, &ai->nodes);
-          if (status != ARES_SUCCESS)
-            {
-              callback(arg, status, 0, NULL);
-              return 1;
-            }
-        }
+  if (!result && (family == AF_INET6 || family == AF_UNSPEC)) {
+    struct ares_in6_addr addr6;
+    result =
+      ares_inet_pton(AF_INET6, name, &addr6) < 1 ? ARES_FALSE : ARES_TRUE;
+    if (result) {
+      status = ares_append_ai_node(AF_INET6, port, 0, &addr6, &ai->nodes);
+      if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+        callback(arg, (int)status, 0, NULL); /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+        return ARES_TRUE;                    /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+      }
     }
+  }
 
-  if (!result)
-    return 0;
-
-  if (hints->ai_flags & ARES_AI_CANONNAME)
-    {
-      cname = ares__append_addrinfo_cname(&ai->cnames);
-      if (!cname)
-        {
-          ares_freeaddrinfo(ai);
-          callback(arg, ARES_ENOMEM, 0, NULL);
-          return 1;
-        }
+  if (!result) {
+    return ARES_FALSE;
+  }
 
-      /* Duplicate the name, to avoid a constness violation. */
-      cname->name = ares_strdup(name);
-      if (!cname->name)
-        {
-          ares_freeaddrinfo(ai);
-          callback(arg, ARES_ENOMEM, 0, NULL);
-          return 1;
-        }
+  if (hints->ai_flags & ARES_AI_CANONNAME) {
+    cname = ares_append_addrinfo_cname(&ai->cnames);
+    if (!cname) {
+      /* LCOV_EXCL_START: OutOfMemory */
+      ares_freeaddrinfo(ai);
+      callback(arg, ARES_ENOMEM, 0, NULL);
+      return ARES_TRUE;
+      /* LCOV_EXCL_STOP */
     }
 
+    /* Duplicate the name, to avoid a constness violation. */
+    cname->name = ares_strdup(name);
+    if (!cname->name) {
+      ares_freeaddrinfo(ai);
+      callback(arg, ARES_ENOMEM, 0, NULL);
+      return ARES_TRUE;
+    }
+  }
+
   ai->nodes->ai_socktype = hints->ai_socktype;
   ai->nodes->ai_protocol = hints->ai_protocol;
 
   callback(arg, ARES_SUCCESS, 0, ai);
-  return 1;
+  return ARES_TRUE;
 }
 
-static void end_hquery(struct host_query *hquery, int status)
+static void hquery_free(struct host_query *hquery, ares_bool_t cleanup_ai)
 {
-  struct ares_addrinfo_node sentinel;
+  if (cleanup_ai) {
+    ares_freeaddrinfo(hquery->ai);
+  }
+  ares_strsplit_free(hquery->names, hquery->names_cnt);
+  ares_free(hquery->name);
+  ares_free(hquery->lookups);
+  ares_free(hquery);
+}
+
+static void end_hquery(struct host_query *hquery, ares_status_t status)
+{
+  struct ares_addrinfo_node  sentinel;
   struct ares_addrinfo_node *next;
-  if (status == ARES_SUCCESS)
-    {
-      if (!(hquery->hints.ai_flags & ARES_AI_NOSORT) && hquery->ai->nodes)
-        {
-          sentinel.ai_next = hquery->ai->nodes;
-          ares__sortaddrinfo(hquery->channel, &sentinel);
-          hquery->ai->nodes = sentinel.ai_next;
-        }
-      next = hquery->ai->nodes;
 
-      while (next)
-        {
-          next->ai_socktype = hquery->hints.ai_socktype;
-          next->ai_protocol = hquery->hints.ai_protocol;
-          next = next->ai_next;
-        }
+  if (status == ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    if (!(hquery->hints.ai_flags & ARES_AI_NOSORT) && hquery->ai->nodes) {
+      sentinel.ai_next = hquery->ai->nodes;
+      ares_sortaddrinfo(hquery->channel, &sentinel);
+      hquery->ai->nodes = sentinel.ai_next;
     }
-  else
-    {
-      /* Clean up what we have collected by so far. */
-      ares_freeaddrinfo(hquery->ai);
-      hquery->ai = NULL;
+    next = hquery->ai->nodes;
+
+    while (next) {
+      next->ai_socktype = hquery->hints.ai_socktype;
+      next->ai_protocol = hquery->hints.ai_protocol;
+      next              = next->ai_next;
     }
+  } else {
+    /* Clean up what we have collected by so far. */
+    ares_freeaddrinfo(hquery->ai);
+    hquery->ai = NULL;
+  }
 
-  hquery->callback(hquery->arg, status, hquery->timeouts, hquery->ai);
-  ares_free(hquery->name);
-  ares_free(hquery);
+  hquery->callback(hquery->arg, (int)status, (int)hquery->timeouts, hquery->ai);
+  hquery_free(hquery, ARES_FALSE);
 }
 
-static int is_localhost(const char *name)
+ares_bool_t ares_is_localhost(const char *name)
 {
-  /* RFC6761 6.3 says : The domain "localhost." and any names falling within ".localhost." */
+  /* RFC6761 6.3 says : The domain "localhost." and any names falling within
+   * ".localhost." */
   size_t len;
 
-  if (name == NULL)
-    return 0;
+  if (name == NULL) {
+    return ARES_FALSE; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: DefensiveCoding */
+  }
 
-  if (strcmp(name, "localhost") == 0)
-    return 1;
+  if (ares_strcaseeq(name, "localhost")) {
+    return ARES_TRUE;
+  }
 
-  len = strlen(name);
-  if (len < 10 /* strlen(".localhost") */)
-    return 0;
+  len = ares_strlen(name);
+  if (len < 10 /* strlen(".localhost") */) {
+    return ARES_FALSE;
+  }
 
-  if (strcmp(name + (len - 10 /* strlen(".localhost") */), ".localhost") == 0)
-    return 1;
+  if (ares_strcaseeq(name + (len - 10 /* strlen(".localhost") */),
+                     ".localhost")) {
+    return ARES_TRUE;
+  }
 
-  return 0;
+  return ARES_FALSE;
 }
 
-static int file_lookup(struct host_query *hquery)
+static ares_status_t file_lookup(struct host_query *hquery)
 {
-  FILE *fp;
-  int error;
-  int status;
-  char *path_hosts = NULL;
-
-  if (hquery->hints.ai_flags & ARES_AI_ENVHOSTS)
-    {
-      path_hosts = ares_strdup(getenv("CARES_HOSTS"));
-      if (!path_hosts)
-        return ARES_ENOMEM;
-    }
+  const ares_hosts_entry_t *entry;
+  ares_status_t             status;
 
-  if (hquery->channel->hosts_path)
-    {
-      path_hosts = ares_strdup(hquery->channel->hosts_path);
-      if (!path_hosts)
-        return ARES_ENOMEM;
-    }
+  /* Per RFC 7686, reject queries for ".onion" domain names with NXDOMAIN. */
+  if (ares_is_onion_domain(hquery->name)) {
+    return ARES_ENOTFOUND;
+  }
 
-  if (!path_hosts)
-    {
-#ifdef WIN32
-      char PATH_HOSTS[MAX_PATH];
-      win_platform platform;
-
-      PATH_HOSTS[0] = '\0';
-
-      platform = ares__getplatform();
-
-      if (platform == WIN_NT)
-        {
-          char tmp[MAX_PATH];
-          HKEY hkeyHosts;
-
-          if (RegOpenKeyExA(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, WIN_NS_NT_KEY, 0, KEY_READ,
-                           &hkeyHosts) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
-            {
-              DWORD dwLength = MAX_PATH;
-              RegQueryValueExA(hkeyHosts, DATABASEPATH, NULL, NULL, (LPBYTE)tmp,
-                              &dwLength);
-              ExpandEnvironmentStringsA(tmp, PATH_HOSTS, MAX_PATH);
-              RegCloseKey(hkeyHosts);
-            }
-        }
-      else if (platform == WIN_9X)
-        GetWindowsDirectoryA(PATH_HOSTS, MAX_PATH);
-      else
-        return ARES_ENOTFOUND;
+  status = ares_hosts_search_host(
+    hquery->channel,
+    (hquery->hints.ai_flags & ARES_AI_ENVHOSTS) ? ARES_TRUE : ARES_FALSE,
+    hquery->name, &entry);
 
-      strcat(PATH_HOSTS, WIN_PATH_HOSTS);
-#elif defined(WATT32)
-      const char *PATH_HOSTS = _w32_GetHostsFile();
+  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    goto done;
+  }
 
-      if (!PATH_HOSTS)
-        return ARES_ENOTFOUND;
-#endif
-      path_hosts = ares_strdup(PATH_HOSTS);
-      if (!path_hosts)
-        return ARES_ENOMEM;
-    }
+  status = ares_hosts_entry_to_addrinfo(
+    entry, hquery->name, hquery->hints.ai_family, hquery->port,
+    (hquery->hints.ai_flags & ARES_AI_CANONNAME) ? ARES_TRUE : ARES_FALSE,
+    hquery->ai);
+
+  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    goto done; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: OutOfMemory */
+  }
 
-  fp = fopen(path_hosts, "r");
-  if (!fp)
-    {
-      error = ERRNO;
-      switch (error)
-        {
-        case ENOENT:
-        case ESRCH:
-          status = ARES_ENOTFOUND;
-          break;
-        default:
-          DEBUGF(fprintf(stderr, "fopen() failed with error: %d %s\n", error,
-                         strerror(error)));
-          DEBUGF(fprintf(stderr, "Error opening file: %s\n", path_hosts));
-          status = ARES_EFILE;
-          break;
-        }
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      status = ares__readaddrinfo(fp, hquery->name, hquery->port, &hquery->hints, hquery->ai);
-      fclose(fp);
-    }
-  ares_free(path_hosts);
 
+done:
   /* RFC6761 section 6.3 #3 states that "Name resolution APIs and libraries
    * SHOULD recognize localhost names as special and SHOULD always return the
    * IP loopback address for address queries".
    * We will also ignore ALL errors when trying to resolve localhost, such
-   * as permissions errors reading /etc/hosts or a malformed /etc/hosts */
-  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS && is_localhost(hquery->name))
-    {
-      return ares__addrinfo_localhost(hquery->name, hquery->port,
-                                      &hquery->hints, hquery->ai);
-    }
+   * as permissions errors reading /etc/hosts or a malformed /etc/hosts.
+   *
+   * Also, just because the query itself returned success from /etc/hosts
+   * lookup doesn't mean it returned everything it needed to for all requested
+   * address families. As long as we're not on a critical out of memory
+   * condition pass it through to fill in any other address classes. */
+  if (status != ARES_ENOMEM && ares_is_localhost(hquery->name)) {
+    return ares_addrinfo_localhost(hquery->name, hquery->port, &hquery->hints,
+                                   hquery->ai);
+  }
 
   return status;
 }
 
-static void next_lookup(struct host_query *hquery, int status)
+static void next_lookup(struct host_query *hquery, ares_status_t status)
+{
+  switch (*hquery->remaining_lookups) {
+    case 'b':
+      /* RFC6761 section 6.3 #3 says "Name resolution APIs SHOULD NOT send
+       * queries for localhost names to their configured caching DNS
+       * server(s)."
+       * Otherwise, DNS lookup. */
+      if (!ares_is_localhost(hquery->name) && next_dns_lookup(hquery)) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      hquery->remaining_lookups++;
+      next_lookup(hquery, status);
+      break;
+
+    case 'f':
+      /* Host file lookup */
+      if (file_lookup(hquery) == ARES_SUCCESS) {
+        end_hquery(hquery, ARES_SUCCESS);
+        break;
+      }
+      hquery->remaining_lookups++;
+      next_lookup(hquery, status);
+      break;
+    default:
+      /* No lookup left */
+      end_hquery(hquery, status);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+static void terminate_retries(const struct host_query *hquery,
+                              unsigned short           qid)
+{
+  unsigned short term_qid =
+    (qid == hquery->qid_a) ? hquery->qid_aaaa : hquery->qid_a;
+  const ares_channel_t *channel = hquery->channel;
+  ares_query_t         *query   = NULL;
+
+  /* No other outstanding queries, nothing to do */
+  if (!hquery->remaining) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  query = ares_htable_szvp_get_direct(channel->queries_by_qid, term_qid);
+  if (query == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  query->no_retries = ARES_TRUE;
+}
+
+static ares_bool_t ai_has_ipv4(struct ares_addrinfo *ai)
 {
-  switch (*hquery->remaining_lookups)
-    {
-      case 'b':
-          /* RFC6761 section 6.3 #3 says "Name resolution APIs SHOULD NOT send
-           * queries for localhost names to their configured caching DNS
-           * server(s)." */
-          if (!is_localhost(hquery->name))
-            {
-              /* DNS lookup */
-              if (next_dns_lookup(hquery))
-                break;
-            }
-
-          hquery->remaining_lookups++;
-          next_lookup(hquery, status);
-          break;
-
-      case 'f':
-          /* Host file lookup */
-          if (file_lookup(hquery) == ARES_SUCCESS)
-            {
-              end_hquery(hquery, ARES_SUCCESS);
-              break;
-            }
-          hquery->remaining_lookups++;
-          next_lookup(hquery, status);
-          break;
-      default:
-          /* No lookup left */
-         end_hquery(hquery, status);
-         break;
+  struct ares_addrinfo_node *node;
+
+  for (node = ai->nodes; node != NULL; node = node->ai_next) {
+    if (node->ai_family == AF_INET) {
+      return ARES_TRUE;
     }
+  }
+  return ARES_FALSE;
 }
 
-static void host_callback(void *arg, int status, int timeouts,
-                          unsigned char *abuf, int alen)
+static void host_callback(void *arg, ares_status_t status, size_t timeouts,
+                          const ares_dns_record_t *dnsrec)
 {
-  struct host_query *hquery = (struct host_query*)arg;
-  int addinfostatus = ARES_SUCCESS;
-  hquery->timeouts += timeouts;
+  struct host_query *hquery         = (struct host_query *)arg;
+  ares_status_t      addinfostatus  = ARES_SUCCESS;
+  hquery->timeouts                 += timeouts;
   hquery->remaining--;
 
-  if (status == ARES_SUCCESS)
-    {
-      addinfostatus = ares__parse_into_addrinfo(abuf, alen, 1, hquery->port, hquery->ai);
+  if (status == ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    if (dnsrec == NULL) {
+      addinfostatus = ARES_EBADRESP; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: DefensiveCoding */
+    } else {
+      addinfostatus =
+        ares_parse_into_addrinfo(dnsrec, ARES_TRUE, hquery->port, hquery->ai);
+    }
+
+    /* We sent out ipv4 and ipv6 requests simultaneously.  If we got a
+     * successful ipv4 response, we want to go ahead and tell the ipv6 request
+     * that if it fails or times out to not try again since we have the data
+     * we need.
+     *
+     * Our initial implementation of this would terminate retries if we got any
+     * successful response (ipv4 _or_ ipv6).  But we did get some user-reported
+     * issues with this that had bad system configs and odd behavior:
+     *  https://github.com/alpinelinux/docker-alpine/issues/366
+     *
+     * Essentially the ipv6 query succeeded but the ipv4 query failed or timed
+     * out, and so we only returned the ipv6 address, but the host couldn't
+     * use ipv6.  If we continued to allow ipv4 retries it would have found a
+     * server that worked and returned both address classes (this is clearly
+     * unexpected behavior).
+     *
+     * At some point down the road if ipv6 actually becomes required and
+     * reliable we can drop this ipv4 check.
+     */
+    if (addinfostatus == ARES_SUCCESS && ai_has_ipv4(hquery->ai)) {
+      terminate_retries(hquery, ares_dns_record_get_id(dnsrec));
     }
+  }
 
-  if (!hquery->remaining)
-    {
-      if (addinfostatus != ARES_SUCCESS && addinfostatus != ARES_ENODATA)
-        {
-          /* error in parsing result e.g. no memory */
-          if (addinfostatus == ARES_EBADRESP && hquery->ai->nodes)
-            {
-              /* We got a bad response from server, but at least one query
-               * ended with ARES_SUCCESS */
-              end_hquery(hquery, ARES_SUCCESS);
-            }
-          else
-            {
-              end_hquery(hquery, addinfostatus);
-            }
-        }
-      else if (hquery->ai->nodes)
-        {
-          /* at least one query ended with ARES_SUCCESS */
-          end_hquery(hquery, ARES_SUCCESS);
-        }
-      else if (status == ARES_ENOTFOUND || status == ARES_ENODATA ||
-               addinfostatus == ARES_ENODATA)
-        {
-          if (status == ARES_ENODATA || addinfostatus == ARES_ENODATA)
-            hquery->nodata_cnt++;
-          next_lookup(hquery, hquery->nodata_cnt?ARES_ENODATA:status);
-        }
-      else if (status == ARES_EDESTRUCTION)
-        {
-          /* NOTE: Could also be ARES_EDESTRUCTION.  We need to only call this
-           * once all queries (there can be multiple for getaddrinfo) are
-           * terminated.  */
-          end_hquery(hquery, status);
-        }
-      else
-        {
-          end_hquery(hquery, status);
-        }
+  if (!hquery->remaining) {
+    if (status == ARES_EDESTRUCTION || status == ARES_ECANCELLED) {
+      /* must make sure we don't do next_lookup() on destroy or cancel,
+       * and return the appropriate status.  We won't return a partial
+       * result in this case. */
+      end_hquery(hquery, status);
+    } else if (addinfostatus != ARES_SUCCESS && addinfostatus != ARES_ENODATA) {
+      /* error in parsing result e.g. no memory */
+      if (addinfostatus == ARES_EBADRESP && hquery->ai->nodes) {
+        /* We got a bad response from server, but at least one query
+         * ended with ARES_SUCCESS */
+        end_hquery(hquery, ARES_SUCCESS);
+      } else {
+        end_hquery(hquery, addinfostatus);
+      }
+    } else if (hquery->ai->nodes) {
+      /* at least one query ended with ARES_SUCCESS */
+      end_hquery(hquery, ARES_SUCCESS);
+    } else if (status == ARES_ENOTFOUND || status == ARES_ENODATA ||
+               addinfostatus == ARES_ENODATA) {
+      if (status == ARES_ENODATA || addinfostatus == ARES_ENODATA) {
+        hquery->nodata_cnt++;
+      }
+      next_lookup(hquery, hquery->nodata_cnt ? ARES_ENODATA : status);
+    } else if ((status == ARES_ESERVFAIL || status == ARES_EREFUSED) &&
+               ares_name_label_cnt(hquery->names[hquery->next_name_idx - 1]) ==
+                 1) {
+      /* Issue #852, systemd-resolved may return SERVFAIL or REFUSED on a
+       * single label domain name. */
+      next_lookup(hquery, hquery->nodata_cnt ? ARES_ENODATA : status);
+    } else {
+      end_hquery(hquery, status);
     }
+  }
 
   /* at this point we keep on waiting for the next query to finish */
 }
 
-void ares_getaddrinfo(ares_channel channel,
-                      const char* name, const char* service,
-                      const struct ares_addrinfo_hints* hints,
-                      ares_addrinfo_callback callback, void* arg)
+static void ares_getaddrinfo_int(ares_channel_t *channel, const char *name,
+                                 const char                       *service,
+                                 const struct ares_addrinfo_hints *hints,
+                                 ares_addrinfo_callback callback, void *arg)
 {
-  struct host_query *hquery;
-  unsigned short port = 0;
-  int family;
+  struct host_query    *hquery;
+  unsigned short        port = 0;
+  int                   family;
   struct ares_addrinfo *ai;
-  char *alias_name = NULL;
-  int status;
+  ares_status_t         status;
 
-  if (!hints)
-    {
-      hints = &default_hints;
-    }
+  if (!hints) {
+    hints = &default_hints;
+  }
 
   family = hints->ai_family;
 
   /* Right now we only know how to look up Internet addresses
      and unspec means try both basically. */
-  if (family != AF_INET &&
-      family != AF_INET6 &&
-      family != AF_UNSPEC)
-    {
-      callback(arg, ARES_ENOTIMP, 0, NULL);
-      return;
-    }
-
-  if (ares__is_onion_domain(name))
-    {
-      callback(arg, ARES_ENOTFOUND, 0, NULL);
-      return;
-    }
+  if (family != AF_INET && family != AF_INET6 && family != AF_UNSPEC) {
+    callback(arg, ARES_ENOTIMP, 0, NULL);
+    return;
+  }
 
-  /* perform HOSTALIAS resolution (technically this function does some other
-   * things we are going to ignore) */
-  status = ares__single_domain(channel, name, &alias_name);
-  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
-    callback(arg, status, 0, NULL);
+  if (ares_is_onion_domain(name)) {
+    callback(arg, ARES_ENOTFOUND, 0, NULL);
     return;
   }
 
-  if (alias_name)
-    name = alias_name;
-
-  if (service)
-    {
-      if (hints->ai_flags & ARES_AI_NUMERICSERV)
-        {
-          unsigned long val;
-          errno = 0;
-          val = strtoul(service, NULL, 0);
-          if ((val == 0 && errno != 0) || val > 65535)
-            {
-              ares_free(alias_name);
-              callback(arg, ARES_ESERVICE, 0, NULL);
-              return;
-            }
-          port = (unsigned short)val;
-        }
-      else
-        {
-          port = lookup_service(service, 0);
-          if (!port)
-            {
-              unsigned long val;
-              errno = 0;
-              val = strtoul(service, NULL, 0);
-              if ((val == 0 && errno != 0) || val > 65535)
-                {
-                  ares_free(alias_name);
-                  callback(arg, ARES_ESERVICE, 0, NULL);
-                  return;
-                }
-              port = (unsigned short)val;
-            }
+  if (service) {
+    if (hints->ai_flags & ARES_AI_NUMERICSERV) {
+      unsigned long val;
+      errno = 0;
+      val   = strtoul(service, NULL, 0);
+      if ((val == 0 && errno != 0) || val > 65535) {
+        callback(arg, ARES_ESERVICE, 0, NULL);
+        return;
+      }
+      port = (unsigned short)val;
+    } else {
+      port = lookup_service(service, 0);
+      if (!port) {
+        unsigned long val;
+        errno = 0;
+        val   = strtoul(service, NULL, 0);
+        if ((val == 0 && errno != 0) || val > 65535) {
+          callback(arg, ARES_ESERVICE, 0, NULL);
+          return;
         }
+        port = (unsigned short)val;
+      }
     }
+  }
 
-  ai = ares__malloc_addrinfo();
-  if (!ai)
-    {
-      ares_free(alias_name);
-      callback(arg, ARES_ENOMEM, 0, NULL);
-      return;
-    }
+  ai = ares_malloc_zero(sizeof(*ai));
+  if (!ai) {
+    callback(arg, ARES_ENOMEM, 0, NULL);
+    return;
+  }
 
-  if (fake_addrinfo(name, port, hints, ai, callback, arg))
-    {
-      ares_free(alias_name);
-      return;
-    }
+  if (fake_addrinfo(name, port, hints, ai, callback, arg)) {
+    return;
+  }
 
   /* Allocate and fill in the host query structure. */
-  hquery = ares_malloc(sizeof(struct host_query));
-  if (!hquery)
-    {
-      ares_free(alias_name);
-      ares_freeaddrinfo(ai);
-      callback(arg, ARES_ENOMEM, 0, NULL);
-      return;
-    }
-
-  hquery->name = ares_strdup(name);
-  ares_free(alias_name);
-  if (!hquery->name)
-    {
-      ares_free(hquery);
-      ares_freeaddrinfo(ai);
-      callback(arg, ARES_ENOMEM, 0, NULL);
-      return;
-    }
+  hquery = ares_malloc_zero(sizeof(*hquery));
+  if (!hquery) {
+    ares_freeaddrinfo(ai);
+    callback(arg, ARES_ENOMEM, 0, NULL);
+    return;
+  }
 
-  hquery->port = port;
-  hquery->channel = channel;
-  hquery->hints = *hints;
+  hquery->port        = port;
+  hquery->channel     = channel;
+  hquery->hints       = *hints;
   hquery->sent_family = -1; /* nothing is sent yet */
-  hquery->callback = callback;
-  hquery->arg = arg;
-  hquery->remaining_lookups = channel->lookups;
-  hquery->timeouts = 0;
-  hquery->ai = ai;
-  hquery->next_domain = -1;
-  hquery->remaining = 0;
-  hquery->nodata_cnt = 0;
+  hquery->callback    = callback;
+  hquery->arg         = arg;
+  hquery->ai          = ai;
+  hquery->name        = ares_strdup(name);
+  if (hquery->name == NULL) {
+    hquery_free(hquery, ARES_TRUE);
+    callback(arg, ARES_ENOMEM, 0, NULL);
+    return;
+  }
 
-  /* Start performing lookups according to channel->lookups. */
-  next_lookup(hquery, ARES_ECONNREFUSED /* initial error code */);
-}
+  status =
+    ares_search_name_list(channel, name, &hquery->names, &hquery->names_cnt);
+  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
+    hquery_free(hquery, ARES_TRUE);
+    callback(arg, (int)status, 0, NULL);
+    return;
+  }
+  hquery->next_name_idx = 0;
 
-static int next_dns_lookup(struct host_query *hquery)
-{
-  char *s = NULL;
-  int is_s_allocated = 0;
-  int status;
-
-  /* if next_domain == -1 and as_is_first is true, try hquery->name */
-  if (hquery->next_domain == -1)
-    {
-      if (as_is_first(hquery))
-        {
-          s = hquery->name;
-        }
-      hquery->next_domain = 0;
-    }
 
-  /* if as_is_first is false, try hquery->name at last */
-  if (!s && hquery->next_domain == hquery->channel->ndomains) {
-    if (!as_is_first(hquery))
-      {
-        s = hquery->name;
-      }
-    hquery->next_domain++;
-  }
-
-  if (!s && hquery->next_domain < hquery->channel->ndomains && !as_is_only(hquery))
-    {
-      status = ares__cat_domain(
-          hquery->name,
-          hquery->channel->domains[hquery->next_domain++],
-          &s);
-      if (status == ARES_SUCCESS)
-        {
-          is_s_allocated = 1;
-        }
-    }
+  hquery->lookups = ares_strdup(channel->lookups);
+  if (hquery->lookups == NULL) {
+    hquery_free(hquery, ARES_TRUE);
+    callback(arg, ARES_ENOMEM, 0, NULL);
+    return;
+  }
+  hquery->remaining_lookups = hquery->lookups;
 
-  if (s)
-    {
-      switch (hquery->hints.ai_family)
-        {
-          case AF_INET:
-            hquery->remaining += 1;
-            ares_query(hquery->channel, s, C_IN, T_A, host_callback, hquery);
-            break;
-          case AF_INET6:
-            hquery->remaining += 1;
-            ares_query(hquery->channel, s, C_IN, T_AAAA, host_callback, hquery);
-            break;
-          case AF_UNSPEC:
-            hquery->remaining += 2;
-            ares_query(hquery->channel, s, C_IN, T_A, host_callback, hquery);
-            ares_query(hquery->channel, s, C_IN, T_AAAA, host_callback, hquery);
-            break;
-          default: break;
-        }
-      if (is_s_allocated)
-        {
-          ares_free(s);
-        }
-      return 1;
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      assert(!hquery->ai->nodes);
-      return 0;
-    }
+  /* Start performing lookups according to channel->lookups. */
+  next_lookup(hquery, ARES_ECONNREFUSED /* initial error code */);
 }
 
-static int as_is_first(const struct host_query* hquery)
+void ares_getaddrinfo(ares_channel_t *channel, const char *name,
+                      const char                       *service,
+                      const struct ares_addrinfo_hints *hints,
+                      ares_addrinfo_callback callback, void *arg)
 {
-  char* p;
-  int ndots = 0;
-  size_t nname = hquery->name?strlen(hquery->name):0;
-  for (p = hquery->name; *p; p++)
-    {
-      if (*p == '.')
-        {
-          ndots++;
-        }
-    }
-  if (nname && hquery->name[nname-1] == '.')
-    {
-      /* prevent ARES_EBADNAME for valid FQDN, where ndots < channel->ndots  */
-      return 1;
-    }
-  return ndots >= hquery->channel->ndots;
+  if (channel == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+  ares_channel_lock(channel);
+  ares_getaddrinfo_int(channel, name, service, hints, callback, arg);
+  ares_channel_unlock(channel);
 }
 
-static int as_is_only(const struct host_query* hquery)
+static ares_bool_t next_dns_lookup(struct host_query *hquery)
 {
-  size_t nname = hquery->name?strlen(hquery->name):0;
-  if (nname && hquery->name[nname-1] == '.')
-    return 1;
-  return 0;
-}
+  const char *name = NULL;
+
+  if (hquery->next_name_idx >= hquery->names_cnt) {
+    return ARES_FALSE;
+  }
 
+  name = hquery->names[hquery->next_name_idx++];
+
+  /* NOTE: hquery may be invalidated during the call to ares_query_qid(),
+   *       so should not be referenced after this point */
+  switch (hquery->hints.ai_family) {
+    case AF_INET:
+      hquery->remaining += 1;
+      ares_query_nolock(hquery->channel, name, ARES_CLASS_IN, ARES_REC_TYPE_A,
+                        host_callback, hquery, &hquery->qid_a);
+      break;
+    case AF_INET6:
+      hquery->remaining += 1;
+      ares_query_nolock(hquery->channel, name, ARES_CLASS_IN,
+                        ARES_REC_TYPE_AAAA, host_callback, hquery,
+                        &hquery->qid_aaaa);
+      break;
+    case AF_UNSPEC:
+      hquery->remaining += 2;
+      ares_query_nolock(hquery->channel, name, ARES_CLASS_IN, ARES_REC_TYPE_A,
+                        host_callback, hquery, &hquery->qid_a);
+      ares_query_nolock(hquery->channel, name, ARES_CLASS_IN,
+                        ARES_REC_TYPE_AAAA, host_callback, hquery,
+                        &hquery->qid_aaaa);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return ARES_TRUE;
+}