grpc 1.6.7 → 1.7.0.pre1

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel_factory.c

@@ -43,14 +43,13 @@ grpc_channel* grpc_client_channel_factory_create_channel(
 }
 
 static void* factory_arg_copy(void* factory) {
-  grpc_client_channel_factory_ref(factory);
+  grpc_client_channel_factory_ref((grpc_client_channel_factory*)factory);
   return factory;
 }
 
 static void factory_arg_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx, void* factory) {
-  // TODO(roth): Remove local exec_ctx when
-  // https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/8705 is merged.
-  grpc_client_channel_factory_unref(exec_ctx, factory);
+  grpc_client_channel_factory_unref(exec_ctx,
+                                    (grpc_client_channel_factory*)factory);
 }
 
 static int factory_arg_cmp(void* factory1, void* factory2) {
@@ -64,6 +63,6 @@ static const grpc_arg_pointer_vtable factory_arg_vtable = {
 
 grpc_arg grpc_client_channel_factory_create_channel_arg(
     grpc_client_channel_factory* factory) {
-  return grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create(GRPC_ARG_CLIENT_CHANNEL_FACTORY,
+  return grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create((char*)GRPC_ARG_CLIENT_CHANNEL_FACTORY,
                                          factory, &factory_arg_vtable);
 }

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel_plugin.c

@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static bool set_default_host_if_unset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   char *default_authority = grpc_get_default_authority(
       exec_ctx, grpc_channel_stack_builder_get_target(builder));
   if (default_authority != NULL) {
-    grpc_arg arg = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY,
-                                                  default_authority);
+    grpc_arg arg = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(
+        (char *)GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY, default_authority);
     grpc_channel_args *new_args = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(args, &arg, 1);
     grpc_channel_stack_builder_set_channel_arguments(exec_ctx, builder,
                                                      new_args);

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/http_connect_handshaker.c

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ static void handshake_failed_locked(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx,
 // Callback invoked when finished writing HTTP CONNECT request.
 static void on_write_done(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx, void* arg,
                           grpc_error* error) {
-  http_connect_handshaker* handshaker = arg;
+  http_connect_handshaker* handshaker = (http_connect_handshaker*)arg;
   gpr_mu_lock(&handshaker->mu);
   if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE || handshaker->shutdown) {
     // If the write failed or we're shutting down, clean up and invoke the
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ static void on_write_done(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx, void* arg,
 // Callback invoked for reading HTTP CONNECT response.
 static void on_read_done(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx, void* arg,
                          grpc_error* error) {
-  http_connect_handshaker* handshaker = arg;
+  http_connect_handshaker* handshaker = (http_connect_handshaker*)arg;
   gpr_mu_lock(&handshaker->mu);
   if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE || handshaker->shutdown) {
     // If the read failed or we're shutting down, clean up and invoke the
@@ -281,7 +281,8 @@ static void http_connect_handshaker_do_handshake(
     GPR_ASSERT(arg->type == GRPC_ARG_STRING);
     gpr_string_split(arg->value.string, "\n", &header_strings,
                      &num_header_strings);
-    headers = gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_http_header) * num_header_strings);
+    headers = (grpc_http_header*)gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_http_header) *
+                                            num_header_strings);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < num_header_strings; ++i) {
       char* sep = strchr(header_strings[i], ':');
       if (sep == NULL) {
@@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ static void http_connect_handshaker_do_handshake(
   grpc_httpcli_request request;
   memset(&request, 0, sizeof(request));
   request.host = server_name;
-  request.http.method = "CONNECT";
+  request.http.method = (char*)"CONNECT";
   request.http.path = server_name;
   request.http.hdrs = headers;
   request.http.hdr_count = num_headers;
@@ -333,7 +334,8 @@ static const grpc_handshaker_vtable http_connect_handshaker_vtable = {
     http_connect_handshaker_do_handshake};
 
 static grpc_handshaker* grpc_http_connect_handshaker_create() {
-  http_connect_handshaker* handshaker = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*handshaker));
+  http_connect_handshaker* handshaker =
+      (http_connect_handshaker*)gpr_malloc(sizeof(*handshaker));
   memset(handshaker, 0, sizeof(*handshaker));
   grpc_handshaker_init(&http_connect_handshaker_vtable, &handshaker->base);
   gpr_mu_init(&handshaker->mu);

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/http_proxy.c

@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ static char* get_http_proxy_server(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx, char** user_cred) {
   GPR_ASSERT(user_cred != NULL);
   char* proxy_name = NULL;
   char* uri_str = gpr_getenv("http_proxy");
+  char** authority_strs = NULL;
+  size_t authority_nstrs;
   if (uri_str == NULL) return NULL;
   grpc_uri* uri =
       grpc_uri_parse(exec_ctx, uri_str, false /* suppress_errors */);
@@ -56,8 +58,6 @@ static char* get_http_proxy_server(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx, char** user_cred) {
     goto done;
   }
   /* Split on '@' to separate user credentials from host */
-  char** authority_strs = NULL;
-  size_t authority_nstrs;
   gpr_string_split(uri->authority, "@", &authority_strs, &authority_nstrs);
   GPR_ASSERT(authority_nstrs != 0); /* should have at least 1 string */
   if (authority_nstrs == 1) {
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ static bool proxy_mapper_map_name(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx,
   char* user_cred = NULL;
   *name_to_resolve = get_http_proxy_server(exec_ctx, &user_cred);
   if (*name_to_resolve == NULL) return false;
+  char* no_proxy_str = NULL;
   grpc_uri* uri =
       grpc_uri_parse(exec_ctx, server_uri, false /* suppress_errors */);
   if (uri == NULL || uri->path[0] == '\0') {
@@ -98,20 +99,14 @@ static bool proxy_mapper_map_name(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx,
             "'http_proxy' environment variable set, but cannot "
             "parse server URI '%s' -- not using proxy",
             server_uri);
-    if (uri != NULL) {
-      gpr_free(user_cred);
-      grpc_uri_destroy(uri);
-    }
-    return false;
+    goto no_use_proxy;
   }
   if (strcmp(uri->scheme, "unix") == 0) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "not using proxy for Unix domain socket '%s'",
             server_uri);
-    gpr_free(user_cred);
-    grpc_uri_destroy(uri);
-    return false;
+    goto no_use_proxy;
   }
-  char* no_proxy_str = gpr_getenv("no_proxy");
+  no_proxy_str = gpr_getenv("no_proxy");
   if (no_proxy_str != NULL) {
     static const char* NO_PROXY_SEPARATOR = ",";
     bool use_proxy = true;
@@ -147,17 +142,12 @@ static bool proxy_mapper_map_name(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx,
       gpr_free(no_proxy_hosts);
       gpr_free(server_host);
       gpr_free(server_port);
-      if (!use_proxy) {
-        grpc_uri_destroy(uri);
-        gpr_free(*name_to_resolve);
-        *name_to_resolve = NULL;
-        return false;
-      }
+      if (!use_proxy) goto no_use_proxy;
     }
   }
   grpc_arg args_to_add[2];
   args_to_add[0] = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(
-      GRPC_ARG_HTTP_CONNECT_SERVER,
+      (char*)GRPC_ARG_HTTP_CONNECT_SERVER,
       uri->path[0] == '/' ? uri->path + 1 : uri->path);
   if (user_cred != NULL) {
     /* Use base64 encoding for user credentials as stated in RFC 7617 */
@@ -166,16 +156,22 @@ static bool proxy_mapper_map_name(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx,
     char* header;
     gpr_asprintf(&header, "Proxy-Authorization:Basic %s", encoded_user_cred);
     gpr_free(encoded_user_cred);
-    args_to_add[1] =
-        grpc_channel_arg_string_create(GRPC_ARG_HTTP_CONNECT_HEADERS, header);
+    args_to_add[1] = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(
+        (char*)GRPC_ARG_HTTP_CONNECT_HEADERS, header);
     *new_args = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(args, args_to_add, 2);
     gpr_free(header);
   } else {
     *new_args = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(args, args_to_add, 1);
   }
-  gpr_free(user_cred);
   grpc_uri_destroy(uri);
+  gpr_free(user_cred);
   return true;
+no_use_proxy:
+  if (uri != NULL) grpc_uri_destroy(uri);
+  gpr_free(*name_to_resolve);
+  *name_to_resolve = NULL;
+  gpr_free(user_cred);
+  return false;
 }
 
 static bool proxy_mapper_map_address(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx,

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy.c

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ void grpc_lb_policy_ref(grpc_lb_policy *policy REF_FUNC_EXTRA_ARGS) {
 
 static void shutdown_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                             grpc_error *error) {
-  grpc_lb_policy *policy = arg;
+  grpc_lb_policy *policy = (grpc_lb_policy *)arg;
   policy->vtable->shutdown_locked(exec_ctx, policy);
   GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, policy, "strong-unref");
 }

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/client_load_reporting_filter.c

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ typedef struct {
 
 static void on_complete_for_send(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                                  grpc_error *error) {
-  call_data *calld = arg;
+  call_data *calld = (call_data *)arg;
   if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
     calld->send_initial_metadata_succeeded = true;
   }
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ static void on_complete_for_send(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
 
 static void recv_initial_metadata_ready(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                                         grpc_error *error) {
-  call_data *calld = arg;
+  call_data *calld = (call_data *)arg;
   if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
     calld->recv_initial_metadata_succeeded = true;
   }
@@ -70,12 +70,13 @@ static void recv_initial_metadata_ready(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
 static grpc_error *init_call_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                   grpc_call_element *elem,
                                   const grpc_call_element_args *args) {
-  call_data *calld = elem->call_data;
+  call_data *calld = (call_data *)elem->call_data;
   // Get stats object from context and take a ref.
   GPR_ASSERT(args->context != NULL);
   GPR_ASSERT(args->context[GRPC_GRPCLB_CLIENT_STATS].value != NULL);
   calld->client_stats = grpc_grpclb_client_stats_ref(
-      args->context[GRPC_GRPCLB_CLIENT_STATS].value);
+      (grpc_grpclb_client_stats *)args->context[GRPC_GRPCLB_CLIENT_STATS]
+          .value);
   // Record call started.
   grpc_grpclb_client_stats_add_call_started(calld->client_stats);
   return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ static grpc_error *init_call_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 static void destroy_call_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call_element *elem,
                               const grpc_call_final_info *final_info,
                               grpc_closure *ignored) {
-  call_data *calld = elem->call_data;
+  call_data *calld = (call_data *)elem->call_data;
   // Record call finished, optionally setting client_failed_to_send and
   // received.
   grpc_grpclb_client_stats_add_call_finished(
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ static void destroy_call_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call_element *elem,
 static void start_transport_stream_op_batch(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call_element *elem,
     grpc_transport_stream_op_batch *batch) {
-  call_data *calld = elem->call_data;
+  call_data *calld = (call_data *)elem->call_data;
   GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("clr_start_transport_stream_op_batch", 0);
   // Intercept send_initial_metadata.
   if (batch->send_initial_metadata) {
@@ -132,6 +133,5 @@ const grpc_channel_filter grpc_client_load_reporting_filter = {
     0,  // sizeof(channel_data)
     init_channel_elem,
     destroy_channel_elem,
-    grpc_call_next_get_peer,
     grpc_channel_next_get_info,
     "client_load_reporting"};

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/grpclb.c

@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy_registry.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/parse_address.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/fake/fake_resolver.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/subchannel_index.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_stack.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/combiner.h"
@@ -122,6 +123,7 @@
 #define GRPC_GRPCLB_RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER 1.6
 #define GRPC_GRPCLB_RECONNECT_MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS 120
 #define GRPC_GRPCLB_RECONNECT_JITTER 0.2
+#define GRPC_GRPCLB_DEFAULT_FALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS 10000
 
 grpc_tracer_flag grpc_lb_glb_trace = GRPC_TRACER_INITIALIZER(false, "glb");
 
@@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ static grpc_error *initial_metadata_add_lb_token(
 }
 
 static void destroy_client_stats(void *arg) {
-  grpc_grpclb_client_stats_unref(arg);
+  grpc_grpclb_client_stats_unref((grpc_grpclb_client_stats *)arg);
 }
 
 typedef struct wrapped_rr_closure_arg {
@@ -181,7 +183,7 @@ typedef struct wrapped_rr_closure_arg {
  * order to unref the round robin instance upon its invocation */
 static void wrapped_rr_closure(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                                grpc_error *error) {
-  wrapped_rr_closure_arg *wc_arg = arg;
+  wrapped_rr_closure_arg *wc_arg = (wrapped_rr_closure_arg *)arg;
 
   GPR_ASSERT(wc_arg->wrapped_closure != NULL);
   GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(exec_ctx, wc_arg->wrapped_closure, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
@@ -245,7 +247,7 @@ static void add_pending_pick(pending_pick **root,
                              grpc_connected_subchannel **target,
                              grpc_call_context_element *context,
                              grpc_closure *on_complete) {
-  pending_pick *pp = gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*pp));
+  pending_pick *pp = (pending_pick *)gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*pp));
   pp->next = *root;
   pp->pick_args = *pick_args;
   pp->target = target;
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ typedef struct pending_ping {
 } pending_ping;
 
 static void add_pending_ping(pending_ping **root, grpc_closure *notify) {
-  pending_ping *pping = gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*pping));
+  pending_ping *pping = (pending_ping *)gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*pping));
   pping->wrapped_notify_arg.wrapped_closure = notify;
   pping->wrapped_notify_arg.free_when_done = pping;
   pping->next = *root;
@@ -285,7 +287,7 @@ static void add_pending_ping(pending_ping **root, grpc_closure *notify) {
  * glb_lb_policy
  */
 typedef struct rr_connectivity_data rr_connectivity_data;
-static const grpc_lb_policy_vtable glb_lb_policy_vtable;
+
 typedef struct glb_lb_policy {
   /** base policy: must be first */
   grpc_lb_policy base;
@@ -298,6 +300,10 @@ typedef struct glb_lb_policy {
   /** timeout in milliseconds for the LB call. 0 means no deadline. */
   int lb_call_timeout_ms;
 
+  /** timeout in milliseconds for before using fallback backend addresses.
+   * 0 means not using fallback. */
+  int lb_fallback_timeout_ms;
+
   /** for communicating with the LB server */
   grpc_channel *lb_channel;
 
@@ -324,6 +330,9 @@ typedef struct glb_lb_policy {
    * Otherwise, we delegate to the RR policy. */
   size_t serverlist_index;
 
+  /** stores the backend addresses from the resolver */
+  grpc_lb_addresses *fallback_backend_addresses;
+
   /** list of picks that are waiting on RR's policy connectivity */
   pending_pick *pending_picks;
 
@@ -344,6 +353,9 @@ typedef struct glb_lb_policy {
   /** is \a lb_call_retry_timer active? */
   bool retry_timer_active;
 
+  /** is \a lb_fallback_timer active? */
+  bool fallback_timer_active;
+
   /** called upon changes to the LB channel's connectivity. */
   grpc_closure lb_channel_on_connectivity_changed;
 
@@ -353,9 +365,6 @@ typedef struct glb_lb_policy {
   /************************************************************/
   /*  client data associated with the LB server communication */
   /************************************************************/
-  /* Finished sending initial request. */
-  grpc_closure lb_on_sent_initial_request;
-
   /* Status from the LB server has been received. This signals the end of the LB
    * call. */
   grpc_closure lb_on_server_status_received;
@@ -366,6 +375,9 @@ typedef struct glb_lb_policy {
   /* LB call retry timer callback. */
   grpc_closure lb_on_call_retry;
 
+  /* LB fallback timer callback. */
+  grpc_closure lb_on_fallback;
+
   grpc_call *lb_call; /* streaming call to the LB server, */
 
   grpc_metadata_array lb_initial_metadata_recv; /* initial MD from LB server */
@@ -389,7 +401,9 @@ typedef struct glb_lb_policy {
   /** LB call retry timer */
   grpc_timer lb_call_retry_timer;
 
-  bool initial_request_sent;
+  /** LB fallback timer */
+  grpc_timer lb_fallback_timer;
+
   bool seen_initial_response;
 
   /* Stats for client-side load reporting. Should be unreffed and
@@ -535,6 +549,32 @@ static grpc_lb_addresses *process_serverlist_locked(
   return lb_addresses;
 }
 
+/* Returns the backend addresses extracted from the given addresses */
+static grpc_lb_addresses *extract_backend_addresses_locked(
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, const grpc_lb_addresses *addresses) {
+  /* first pass: count the number of backend addresses */
+  size_t num_backends = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < addresses->num_addresses; ++i) {
+    if (!addresses->addresses[i].is_balancer) {
+      ++num_backends;
+    }
+  }
+  /* second pass: actually populate the addresses and (empty) LB tokens */
+  grpc_lb_addresses *backend_addresses =
+      grpc_lb_addresses_create(num_backends, &lb_token_vtable);
+  size_t num_copied = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < addresses->num_addresses; ++i) {
+    if (addresses->addresses[i].is_balancer) continue;
+    const grpc_resolved_address *addr = &addresses->addresses[i].address;
+    grpc_lb_addresses_set_address(backend_addresses, num_copied, &addr->addr,
+                                  addr->len, false /* is_balancer */,
+                                  NULL /* balancer_name */,
+                                  (void *)GRPC_MDELEM_LB_TOKEN_EMPTY.payload);
+    ++num_copied;
+  }
+  return backend_addresses;
+}
+
 static void update_lb_connectivity_status_locked(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, glb_lb_policy *glb_policy,
     grpc_connectivity_state rr_state, grpc_error *rr_state_error) {
@@ -602,35 +642,38 @@ static bool pick_from_internal_rr_locked(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, glb_lb_policy *glb_policy,
     const grpc_lb_policy_pick_args *pick_args, bool force_async,
     grpc_connected_subchannel **target, wrapped_rr_closure_arg *wc_arg) {
-  // Look at the index into the serverlist to see if we should drop this call.
-  grpc_grpclb_server *server =
-      glb_policy->serverlist->servers[glb_policy->serverlist_index++];
-  if (glb_policy->serverlist_index == glb_policy->serverlist->num_servers) {
-    glb_policy->serverlist_index = 0;  // Wrap-around.
-  }
-  if (server->drop) {
-    // Not using the RR policy, so unref it.
-    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Unreffing RR for drop (0x%" PRIxPTR ")",
-              (intptr_t)wc_arg->rr_policy);
+  // Check for drops if we are not using fallback backend addresses.
+  if (glb_policy->serverlist != NULL) {
+    // Look at the index into the serverlist to see if we should drop this call.
+    grpc_grpclb_server *server =
+        glb_policy->serverlist->servers[glb_policy->serverlist_index++];
+    if (glb_policy->serverlist_index == glb_policy->serverlist->num_servers) {
+      glb_policy->serverlist_index = 0;  // Wrap-around.
     }
-    GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, wc_arg->rr_policy, "glb_pick_sync");
-    // Update client load reporting stats to indicate the number of
-    // dropped calls.  Note that we have to do this here instead of in
-    // the client_load_reporting filter, because we do not create a
-    // subchannel call (and therefore no client_load_reporting filter)
-    // for dropped calls.
-    grpc_grpclb_client_stats_add_call_dropped_locked(server->load_balance_token,
-                                                     wc_arg->client_stats);
-    grpc_grpclb_client_stats_unref(wc_arg->client_stats);
-    if (force_async) {
-      GPR_ASSERT(wc_arg->wrapped_closure != NULL);
-      GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(exec_ctx, wc_arg->wrapped_closure, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+    if (server->drop) {
+      // Not using the RR policy, so unref it.
+      if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Unreffing RR for drop (0x%" PRIxPTR ")",
+                (intptr_t)wc_arg->rr_policy);
+      }
+      GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, wc_arg->rr_policy, "glb_pick_sync");
+      // Update client load reporting stats to indicate the number of
+      // dropped calls.  Note that we have to do this here instead of in
+      // the client_load_reporting filter, because we do not create a
+      // subchannel call (and therefore no client_load_reporting filter)
+      // for dropped calls.
+      grpc_grpclb_client_stats_add_call_dropped_locked(
+          server->load_balance_token, wc_arg->client_stats);
+      grpc_grpclb_client_stats_unref(wc_arg->client_stats);
+      if (force_async) {
+        GPR_ASSERT(wc_arg->wrapped_closure != NULL);
+        GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(exec_ctx, wc_arg->wrapped_closure, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+        gpr_free(wc_arg->free_when_done);
+        return false;
+      }
       gpr_free(wc_arg->free_when_done);
-      return false;
+      return true;
     }
-    gpr_free(wc_arg->free_when_done);
-    return true;
   }
   // Pick via the RR policy.
   const bool pick_done = grpc_lb_policy_pick_locked(
@@ -668,10 +711,20 @@ static bool pick_from_internal_rr_locked(
 
 static grpc_lb_policy_args *lb_policy_args_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                                   glb_lb_policy *glb_policy) {
-  grpc_lb_addresses *addresses =
-      process_serverlist_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy->serverlist);
+  grpc_lb_addresses *addresses;
+  if (glb_policy->serverlist != NULL) {
+    GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->serverlist->num_servers > 0);
+    addresses = process_serverlist_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy->serverlist);
+  } else {
+    // If rr_handover_locked() is invoked when we haven't received any
+    // serverlist from the balancer, we use the fallback backends returned by
+    // the resolver. Note that the fallback backend list may be empty, in which
+    // case the new round_robin policy will keep the requested picks pending.
+    GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses != NULL);
+    addresses = grpc_lb_addresses_copy(glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses);
+  }
   GPR_ASSERT(addresses != NULL);
-  grpc_lb_policy_args *args = gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*args));
+  grpc_lb_policy_args *args = (grpc_lb_policy_args *)gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*args));
   args->client_channel_factory = glb_policy->cc_factory;
   args->combiner = glb_policy->base.combiner;
   // Replace the LB addresses in the channel args that we pass down to
@@ -727,7 +780,7 @@ static void create_rr_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, glb_lb_policy *glb_policy,
   /* Allocate the data for the tracking of the new RR policy's connectivity.
    * It'll be deallocated in glb_rr_connectivity_changed() */
   rr_connectivity_data *rr_connectivity =
-      gpr_zalloc(sizeof(rr_connectivity_data));
+      (rr_connectivity_data *)gpr_zalloc(sizeof(rr_connectivity_data));
   GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&rr_connectivity->on_change,
                     glb_rr_connectivity_changed_locked, rr_connectivity,
                     grpc_combiner_scheduler(glb_policy->base.combiner));
@@ -775,8 +828,6 @@ static void create_rr_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, glb_lb_policy *glb_policy,
 /* glb_policy->rr_policy may be NULL (initial handover) */
 static void rr_handover_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                glb_lb_policy *glb_policy) {
-  GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->serverlist != NULL &&
-             glb_policy->serverlist->num_servers > 0);
   if (glb_policy->shutting_down) return;
   grpc_lb_policy_args *args = lb_policy_args_create(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
   GPR_ASSERT(args != NULL);
@@ -798,7 +849,7 @@ static void rr_handover_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
 static void glb_rr_connectivity_changed_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                                void *arg, grpc_error *error) {
-  rr_connectivity_data *rr_connectivity = arg;
+  rr_connectivity_data *rr_connectivity = (rr_connectivity_data *)arg;
   glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = rr_connectivity->glb_policy;
   if (glb_policy->shutting_down) {
     GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->base,
@@ -841,8 +892,8 @@ static grpc_slice_hash_table_entry targets_info_entry_create(
 }
 
 static int balancer_name_cmp_fn(void *a, void *b) {
-  const char *a_str = a;
-  const char *b_str = b;
+  const char *a_str = (const char *)a;
+  const char *b_str = (const char *)b;
   return strcmp(a_str, b_str);
 }
 
@@ -869,7 +920,8 @@ static grpc_channel_args *build_lb_channel_args(
   grpc_lb_addresses *lb_addresses =
       grpc_lb_addresses_create(num_grpclb_addrs, NULL);
   grpc_slice_hash_table_entry *targets_info_entries =
-      gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*targets_info_entries) * num_grpclb_addrs);
+      (grpc_slice_hash_table_entry *)gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*targets_info_entries) *
+                                                num_grpclb_addrs);
 
   size_t lb_addresses_idx = 0;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < addresses->num_addresses; ++i) {
@@ -911,92 +963,6 @@ static grpc_channel_args *build_lb_channel_args(
   return result;
 }
 
-static void glb_lb_channel_on_connectivity_changed_cb(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                                      void *arg,
-                                                      grpc_error *error);
-static grpc_lb_policy *glb_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                  grpc_lb_policy_factory *factory,
-                                  grpc_lb_policy_args *args) {
-  /* Count the number of gRPC-LB addresses. There must be at least one.
-   * TODO(roth): For now, we ignore non-balancer addresses, but in the
-   * future, we may change the behavior such that we fall back to using
-   * the non-balancer addresses if we cannot reach any balancers. In the
-   * fallback case, we should use the LB policy indicated by
-   * GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME (although if that specifies grpclb or is
-   * unset, we should default to pick_first). */
-  const grpc_arg *arg =
-      grpc_channel_args_find(args->args, GRPC_ARG_LB_ADDRESSES);
-  if (arg == NULL || arg->type != GRPC_ARG_POINTER) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  grpc_lb_addresses *addresses = arg->value.pointer.p;
-  size_t num_grpclb_addrs = 0;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < addresses->num_addresses; ++i) {
-    if (addresses->addresses[i].is_balancer) ++num_grpclb_addrs;
-  }
-  if (num_grpclb_addrs == 0) return NULL;
-
-  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*glb_policy));
-
-  /* Get server name. */
-  arg = grpc_channel_args_find(args->args, GRPC_ARG_SERVER_URI);
-  GPR_ASSERT(arg != NULL);
-  GPR_ASSERT(arg->type == GRPC_ARG_STRING);
-  grpc_uri *uri = grpc_uri_parse(exec_ctx, arg->value.string, true);
-  GPR_ASSERT(uri->path[0] != '\0');
-  glb_policy->server_name =
-      gpr_strdup(uri->path[0] == '/' ? uri->path + 1 : uri->path);
-  if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Will use '%s' as the server name for LB request.",
-            glb_policy->server_name);
-  }
-  grpc_uri_destroy(uri);
-
-  glb_policy->cc_factory = args->client_channel_factory;
-  GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->cc_factory != NULL);
-
-  arg = grpc_channel_args_find(args->args, GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS);
-  glb_policy->lb_call_timeout_ms =
-      grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(arg, (grpc_integer_options){0, 0, INT_MAX});
-
-  // Make sure that GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME is set in channel args,
-  // since we use this to trigger the client_load_reporting filter.
-  grpc_arg new_arg =
-      grpc_channel_arg_string_create(GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME, "grpclb");
-  static const char *args_to_remove[] = {GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME};
-  glb_policy->args = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add_and_remove(
-      args->args, args_to_remove, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(args_to_remove), &new_arg, 1);
-
-  /* Create a client channel over them to communicate with a LB service */
-  glb_policy->response_generator =
-      grpc_fake_resolver_response_generator_create();
-  grpc_channel_args *lb_channel_args = build_lb_channel_args(
-      exec_ctx, addresses, glb_policy->response_generator, args->args);
-  char *uri_str;
-  gpr_asprintf(&uri_str, "fake:///%s", glb_policy->server_name);
-  glb_policy->lb_channel = grpc_lb_policy_grpclb_create_lb_channel(
-      exec_ctx, uri_str, args->client_channel_factory, lb_channel_args);
-
-  /* Propagate initial resolution */
-  grpc_fake_resolver_response_generator_set_response(
-      exec_ctx, glb_policy->response_generator, lb_channel_args);
-  grpc_channel_args_destroy(exec_ctx, lb_channel_args);
-  gpr_free(uri_str);
-  if (glb_policy->lb_channel == NULL) {
-    gpr_free((void *)glb_policy->server_name);
-    grpc_channel_args_destroy(exec_ctx, glb_policy->args);
-    gpr_free(glb_policy);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&glb_policy->lb_channel_on_connectivity_changed,
-                    glb_lb_channel_on_connectivity_changed_cb, glb_policy,
-                    grpc_combiner_scheduler(args->combiner));
-  grpc_lb_policy_init(&glb_policy->base, &glb_lb_policy_vtable, args->combiner);
-  grpc_connectivity_state_init(&glb_policy->state_tracker, GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE,
-                               "grpclb");
-  return &glb_policy->base;
-}
-
 static void glb_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) {
   glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)pol;
   GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->pending_picks == NULL);
@@ -1010,7 +976,11 @@ static void glb_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) {
   if (glb_policy->serverlist != NULL) {
     grpc_grpclb_destroy_serverlist(glb_policy->serverlist);
   }
+  if (glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses != NULL) {
+    grpc_lb_addresses_destroy(exec_ctx, glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses);
+  }
   grpc_fake_resolver_response_generator_unref(glb_policy->response_generator);
+  grpc_subchannel_index_unref();
   if (glb_policy->pending_update_args != NULL) {
     grpc_channel_args_destroy(exec_ctx, glb_policy->pending_update_args->args);
     gpr_free(glb_policy->pending_update_args);
@@ -1150,10 +1120,28 @@ static void glb_cancel_picks_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
+static void lb_on_fallback_timer_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
+                                        grpc_error *error);
 static void query_for_backends_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                       glb_lb_policy *glb_policy);
 static void start_picking_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy) {
+  /* start a timer to fall back */
+  if (glb_policy->lb_fallback_timeout_ms > 0 &&
+      glb_policy->serverlist == NULL && !glb_policy->fallback_timer_active) {
+    gpr_timespec now = gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+    gpr_timespec deadline = gpr_time_add(
+        now,
+        gpr_time_from_millis(glb_policy->lb_fallback_timeout_ms, GPR_TIMESPAN));
+    GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_REF(&glb_policy->base, "grpclb_fallback_timer");
+    GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&glb_policy->lb_on_fallback, lb_on_fallback_timer_locked,
+                      glb_policy,
+                      grpc_combiner_scheduler(glb_policy->base.combiner));
+    glb_policy->fallback_timer_active = true;
+    grpc_timer_init(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->lb_fallback_timer, deadline,
+                    &glb_policy->lb_on_fallback, now);
+  }
+
   glb_policy->started_picking = true;
   gpr_backoff_reset(&glb_policy->lb_call_backoff_state);
   query_for_backends_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
@@ -1190,7 +1178,8 @@ static int glb_pick_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol,
     }
     GRPC_LB_POLICY_REF(glb_policy->rr_policy, "glb_pick");
 
-    wrapped_rr_closure_arg *wc_arg = gpr_zalloc(sizeof(wrapped_rr_closure_arg));
+    wrapped_rr_closure_arg *wc_arg =
+        (wrapped_rr_closure_arg *)gpr_zalloc(sizeof(wrapped_rr_closure_arg));
 
     GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&wc_arg->wrapper_closure, wrapped_rr_closure, wc_arg,
                       grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
@@ -1255,6 +1244,58 @@ static void glb_notify_on_state_change_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
       exec_ctx, &glb_policy->state_tracker, current, notify);
 }
 
+static void lb_call_on_retry_timer_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
+                                          grpc_error *error) {
+  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)arg;
+  glb_policy->retry_timer_active = false;
+  if (!glb_policy->shutting_down && error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Restaring call to LB server (grpclb %p)",
+              (void *)glb_policy);
+    }
+    GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->lb_call == NULL);
+    query_for_backends_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
+  }
+  GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->base, "grpclb_retry_timer");
+}
+
+static void maybe_restart_lb_call(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy) {
+  if (glb_policy->started_picking && glb_policy->updating_lb_call) {
+    if (glb_policy->retry_timer_active) {
+      grpc_timer_cancel(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->lb_call_retry_timer);
+    }
+    if (!glb_policy->shutting_down) start_picking_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
+    glb_policy->updating_lb_call = false;
+  } else if (!glb_policy->shutting_down) {
+    /* if we aren't shutting down, restart the LB client call after some time */
+    gpr_timespec now = gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+    gpr_timespec next_try =
+        gpr_backoff_step(&glb_policy->lb_call_backoff_state, now);
+    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "Connection to LB server lost (grpclb: %p)...",
+              (void *)glb_policy);
+      gpr_timespec timeout = gpr_time_sub(next_try, now);
+      if (gpr_time_cmp(timeout, gpr_time_0(timeout.clock_type)) > 0) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
+                "... retry_timer_active in %" PRId64 ".%09d seconds.",
+                timeout.tv_sec, timeout.tv_nsec);
+      } else {
+        gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "... retry_timer_active immediately.");
+      }
+    }
+    GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_REF(&glb_policy->base, "grpclb_retry_timer");
+    GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&glb_policy->lb_on_call_retry,
+                      lb_call_on_retry_timer_locked, glb_policy,
+                      grpc_combiner_scheduler(glb_policy->base.combiner));
+    glb_policy->retry_timer_active = true;
+    grpc_timer_init(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->lb_call_retry_timer, next_try,
+                    &glb_policy->lb_on_call_retry, now);
+  }
+  GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->base,
+                            "lb_on_server_status_received_locked");
+}
+
 static void send_client_load_report_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                                            grpc_error *error);
 
@@ -1273,7 +1314,7 @@ static void schedule_next_client_load_report(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
 static void client_load_report_done_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                                            grpc_error *error) {
-  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = arg;
+  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)arg;
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(glb_policy->client_load_report_payload);
   glb_policy->client_load_report_payload = NULL;
   if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE || glb_policy->lb_call == NULL) {
@@ -1285,24 +1326,10 @@ static void client_load_report_done_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
   schedule_next_client_load_report(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
 }
 
-static void do_send_client_load_report_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                              glb_lb_policy *glb_policy) {
-  grpc_op op;
-  memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
-  op.op = GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE;
-  op.data.send_message.send_message = glb_policy->client_load_report_payload;
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&glb_policy->client_load_report_closure,
-                    client_load_report_done_locked, glb_policy,
-                    grpc_combiner_scheduler(glb_policy->base.combiner));
-  grpc_call_error call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
-      exec_ctx, glb_policy->lb_call, &op, 1,
-      &glb_policy->client_load_report_closure);
-  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
-}
-
 static bool load_report_counters_are_zero(grpc_grpclb_request *request) {
   grpc_grpclb_dropped_call_counts *drop_entries =
-      request->client_stats.calls_finished_with_drop.arg;
+      (grpc_grpclb_dropped_call_counts *)
+          request->client_stats.calls_finished_with_drop.arg;
   return request->client_stats.num_calls_started == 0 &&
          request->client_stats.num_calls_finished == 0 &&
          request->client_stats.num_calls_finished_with_client_failed_to_send ==
@@ -1313,11 +1340,14 @@ static bool load_report_counters_are_zero(grpc_grpclb_request *request) {
 
 static void send_client_load_report_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                                            grpc_error *error) {
-  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = arg;
+  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)arg;
   if (error == GRPC_ERROR_CANCELLED || glb_policy->lb_call == NULL) {
     glb_policy->client_load_report_timer_pending = false;
     GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->base,
                               "client_load_report");
+    if (glb_policy->lb_call == NULL) {
+      maybe_restart_lb_call(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
+    }
     return;
   }
   // Construct message payload.
@@ -1341,17 +1371,23 @@ static void send_client_load_report_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
       grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(&request_payload_slice, 1);
   grpc_slice_unref_internal(exec_ctx, request_payload_slice);
   grpc_grpclb_request_destroy(request);
-  // If we've already sent the initial request, then we can go ahead and
-  // sent the load report.  Otherwise, we need to wait until the initial
-  // request has been sent to send this
-  // (see lb_on_sent_initial_request_locked() below).
-  if (glb_policy->initial_request_sent) {
-    do_send_client_load_report_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
+  // Send load report message.
+  grpc_op op;
+  memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
+  op.op = GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE;
+  op.data.send_message.send_message = glb_policy->client_load_report_payload;
+  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&glb_policy->client_load_report_closure,
+                    client_load_report_done_locked, glb_policy,
+                    grpc_combiner_scheduler(glb_policy->base.combiner));
+  grpc_call_error call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
+      exec_ctx, glb_policy->lb_call, &op, 1,
+      &glb_policy->client_load_report_closure);
+  if (call_error != GRPC_CALL_OK) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "call_error=%d", call_error);
+    GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
   }
 }
 
-static void lb_on_sent_initial_request_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                              void *arg, grpc_error *error);
 static void lb_on_server_status_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                                 void *arg, grpc_error *error);
 static void lb_on_response_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
@@ -1396,9 +1432,6 @@ static void lb_call_init_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   grpc_slice_unref_internal(exec_ctx, request_payload_slice);
   grpc_grpclb_request_destroy(request);
 
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&glb_policy->lb_on_sent_initial_request,
-                    lb_on_sent_initial_request_locked, glb_policy,
-                    grpc_combiner_scheduler(glb_policy->base.combiner));
   GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&glb_policy->lb_on_server_status_received,
                     lb_on_server_status_received_locked, glb_policy,
                     grpc_combiner_scheduler(glb_policy->base.combiner));
@@ -1413,7 +1446,6 @@ static void lb_call_init_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                    GRPC_GRPCLB_MIN_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS * 1000,
                    GRPC_GRPCLB_RECONNECT_MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS * 1000);
 
-  glb_policy->initial_request_sent = false;
   glb_policy->seen_initial_response = false;
   glb_policy->last_client_load_report_counters_were_zero = false;
 }
@@ -1430,7 +1462,7 @@ static void lb_call_destroy_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(glb_policy->lb_request_payload);
   grpc_slice_unref_internal(exec_ctx, glb_policy->lb_call_status_details);
 
-  if (!glb_policy->client_load_report_timer_pending) {
+  if (glb_policy->client_load_report_timer_pending) {
     grpc_timer_cancel(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->client_load_report_timer);
   }
 }
@@ -1454,7 +1486,7 @@ static void query_for_backends_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->lb_call != NULL);
 
   grpc_call_error call_error;
-  grpc_op ops[4];
+  grpc_op ops[3];
   memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
 
   grpc_op *op = ops;
@@ -1475,13 +1507,8 @@ static void query_for_backends_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   op->flags = 0;
   op->reserved = NULL;
   op++;
-  /* take a weak ref (won't prevent calling of \a glb_shutdown if the strong ref
-   * count goes to zero) to be unref'd in lb_on_sent_initial_request_locked() */
-  GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_REF(&glb_policy->base,
-                          "lb_on_sent_initial_request_locked");
-  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
-      exec_ctx, glb_policy->lb_call, ops, (size_t)(op - ops),
-      &glb_policy->lb_on_sent_initial_request);
+  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(exec_ctx, glb_policy->lb_call,
+                                                 ops, (size_t)(op - ops), NULL);
   GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
 
   op = ops;
@@ -1518,22 +1545,9 @@ static void query_for_backends_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
 }
 
-static void lb_on_sent_initial_request_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                              void *arg, grpc_error *error) {
-  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = arg;
-  glb_policy->initial_request_sent = true;
-  // If we attempted to send a client load report before the initial
-  // request was sent, send the load report now.
-  if (glb_policy->client_load_report_payload != NULL) {
-    do_send_client_load_report_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
-  }
-  GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->base,
-                            "lb_on_sent_initial_request_locked");
-}
-
 static void lb_on_response_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                                            grpc_error *error) {
-  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = arg;
+  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)arg;
   grpc_op ops[2];
   memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
   grpc_op *op = ops;
@@ -1544,6 +1558,7 @@ static void lb_on_response_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
     grpc_byte_buffer_reader bbr;
     grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init(&bbr, glb_policy->lb_response_payload);
     grpc_slice response_slice = grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall(&bbr);
+    grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy(&bbr);
     grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(glb_policy->lb_response_payload);
 
     grpc_grpclb_initial_response *response = NULL;
@@ -1605,6 +1620,15 @@ static void lb_on_response_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
             if (glb_policy->serverlist != NULL) {
               /* dispose of the old serverlist */
               grpc_grpclb_destroy_serverlist(glb_policy->serverlist);
+            } else {
+              /* or dispose of the fallback */
+              grpc_lb_addresses_destroy(exec_ctx,
+                                        glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses);
+              glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses = NULL;
+              if (glb_policy->fallback_timer_active) {
+                grpc_timer_cancel(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->lb_fallback_timer);
+                glb_policy->fallback_timer_active = false;
+              }
             }
             /* and update the copy in the glb_lb_policy instance. This
              * serverlist instance will be destroyed either upon the next
@@ -1615,9 +1639,7 @@ static void lb_on_response_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
           }
         } else {
           if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
-            gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-                    "Received empty server list. Picks will stay pending until "
-                    "a response with > 0 servers is received");
+            gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Received empty server list, ignoring.");
           }
           grpc_grpclb_destroy_serverlist(serverlist);
         }
@@ -1640,6 +1662,9 @@ static void lb_on_response_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
           exec_ctx, glb_policy->lb_call, ops, (size_t)(op - ops),
           &glb_policy->lb_on_response_received); /* loop */
       GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
+    } else {
+      GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->base,
+                                "lb_on_response_received_locked_shutdown");
     }
   } else { /* empty payload: call cancelled. */
            /* dispose of the "lb_on_response_received_locked" weak ref taken in
@@ -1649,24 +1674,30 @@ static void lb_on_response_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
   }
 }
 
-static void lb_call_on_retry_timer_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
-                                          grpc_error *error) {
-  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = arg;
-  glb_policy->retry_timer_active = false;
-  if (!glb_policy->shutting_down && error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Restaring call to LB server (grpclb %p)",
-              (void *)glb_policy);
+static void lb_on_fallback_timer_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
+                                        grpc_error *error) {
+  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)arg;
+  glb_policy->fallback_timer_active = false;
+  /* If we receive a serverlist after the timer fires but before this callback
+   * actually runs, don't fall back. */
+  if (glb_policy->serverlist == NULL) {
+    if (!glb_policy->shutting_down && error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+      if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+                "Falling back to use backends from resolver (grpclb %p)",
+                (void *)glb_policy);
+      }
+      GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses != NULL);
+      rr_handover_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
     }
-    GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->lb_call == NULL);
-    query_for_backends_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
   }
-  GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->base, "grpclb_retry_timer");
+  GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->base,
+                            "grpclb_fallback_timer");
 }
 
 static void lb_on_server_status_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                                 void *arg, grpc_error *error) {
-  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = arg;
+  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)arg;
   GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->lb_call != NULL);
   if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
     char *status_details =
@@ -1680,66 +1711,30 @@ static void lb_on_server_status_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   }
   /* We need to perform cleanups no matter what. */
   lb_call_destroy_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
-  if (glb_policy->started_picking && glb_policy->updating_lb_call) {
-    if (glb_policy->retry_timer_active) {
-      grpc_timer_cancel(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->lb_call_retry_timer);
-    }
-    if (!glb_policy->shutting_down) start_picking_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
-    glb_policy->updating_lb_call = false;
-  } else if (!glb_policy->shutting_down) {
-    /* if we aren't shutting down, restart the LB client call after some time */
-    gpr_timespec now = gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
-    gpr_timespec next_try =
-        gpr_backoff_step(&glb_policy->lb_call_backoff_state, now);
-    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "Connection to LB server lost (grpclb: %p)...",
-              (void *)glb_policy);
-      gpr_timespec timeout = gpr_time_sub(next_try, now);
-      if (gpr_time_cmp(timeout, gpr_time_0(timeout.clock_type)) > 0) {
-        gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
-                "... retry_timer_active in %" PRId64 ".%09d seconds.",
-                timeout.tv_sec, timeout.tv_nsec);
-      } else {
-        gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "... retry_timer_active immediately.");
-      }
-    }
-    GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_REF(&glb_policy->base, "grpclb_retry_timer");
-    GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&glb_policy->lb_on_call_retry,
-                      lb_call_on_retry_timer_locked, glb_policy,
-                      grpc_combiner_scheduler(glb_policy->base.combiner));
-    glb_policy->retry_timer_active = true;
-    grpc_timer_init(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->lb_call_retry_timer, next_try,
-                    &glb_policy->lb_on_call_retry, now);
+  // If the load report timer is still pending, we wait for it to be
+  // called before restarting the call.  Otherwise, we restart the call
+  // here.
+  if (!glb_policy->client_load_report_timer_pending) {
+    maybe_restart_lb_call(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
+  }
+}
+
+static void fallback_update_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                   glb_lb_policy *glb_policy,
+                                   const grpc_lb_addresses *addresses) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses != NULL);
+  grpc_lb_addresses_destroy(exec_ctx, glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses);
+  glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses =
+      extract_backend_addresses_locked(exec_ctx, addresses);
+  if (glb_policy->lb_fallback_timeout_ms > 0 &&
+      !glb_policy->fallback_timer_active) {
+    rr_handover_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
   }
-  GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->base,
-                            "lb_on_server_status_received_locked");
 }
 
 static void glb_update_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy,
                               const grpc_lb_policy_args *args) {
   glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)policy;
-  if (glb_policy->updating_lb_channel) {
-    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-              "Update already in progress for grpclb %p. Deferring update.",
-              (void *)glb_policy);
-    }
-    if (glb_policy->pending_update_args != NULL) {
-      grpc_channel_args_destroy(exec_ctx,
-                                glb_policy->pending_update_args->args);
-      gpr_free(glb_policy->pending_update_args);
-    }
-    glb_policy->pending_update_args =
-        gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*glb_policy->pending_update_args));
-    glb_policy->pending_update_args->client_channel_factory =
-        args->client_channel_factory;
-    glb_policy->pending_update_args->args = grpc_channel_args_copy(args->args);
-    glb_policy->pending_update_args->combiner = args->combiner;
-    return;
-  }
-
-  glb_policy->updating_lb_channel = true;
-  // Propagate update to lb_channel (pick first).
   const grpc_arg *arg =
       grpc_channel_args_find(args->args, GRPC_ARG_LB_ADDRESSES);
   if (arg == NULL || arg->type != GRPC_ARG_POINTER) {
@@ -1757,12 +1752,43 @@ static void glb_update_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy,
               "ignoring.",
               (void *)glb_policy);
     }
+    return;
+  }
+  const grpc_lb_addresses *addresses =
+      (const grpc_lb_addresses *)arg->value.pointer.p;
+
+  if (glb_policy->serverlist == NULL) {
+    // If a non-empty serverlist hasn't been received from the balancer,
+    // propagate the update to fallback_backend_addresses.
+    fallback_update_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy, addresses);
+  } else if (glb_policy->updating_lb_channel) {
+    // If we have recieved serverlist from the balancer, we need to defer update
+    // when there is an in-progress one.
+    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+              "Update already in progress for grpclb %p. Deferring update.",
+              (void *)glb_policy);
+    }
+    if (glb_policy->pending_update_args != NULL) {
+      grpc_channel_args_destroy(exec_ctx,
+                                glb_policy->pending_update_args->args);
+      gpr_free(glb_policy->pending_update_args);
+    }
+    glb_policy->pending_update_args = (grpc_lb_policy_args *)gpr_zalloc(
+        sizeof(*glb_policy->pending_update_args));
+    glb_policy->pending_update_args->client_channel_factory =
+        args->client_channel_factory;
+    glb_policy->pending_update_args->args = grpc_channel_args_copy(args->args);
+    glb_policy->pending_update_args->combiner = args->combiner;
+    return;
   }
-  const grpc_lb_addresses *addresses = arg->value.pointer.p;
+
+  glb_policy->updating_lb_channel = true;
   GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->lb_channel != NULL);
   grpc_channel_args *lb_channel_args = build_lb_channel_args(
       exec_ctx, addresses, glb_policy->response_generator, args->args);
-  /* Propagate updates to the LB channel through the fake resolver */
+  /* Propagate updates to the LB channel (pick first) through the fake resolver
+   */
   grpc_fake_resolver_response_generator_set_response(
       exec_ctx, glb_policy->response_generator, lb_channel_args);
   grpc_channel_args_destroy(exec_ctx, lb_channel_args);
@@ -1791,7 +1817,7 @@ static void glb_update_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy,
 static void glb_lb_channel_on_connectivity_changed_cb(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                                       void *arg,
                                                       grpc_error *error) {
-  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = arg;
+  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)arg;
   if (glb_policy->shutting_down) goto done;
   // Re-initialize the lb_call. This should also take care of updating the
   // embedded RR policy. Note that the current RR policy, if any, will stay in
@@ -1862,6 +1888,94 @@ static const grpc_lb_policy_vtable glb_lb_policy_vtable = {
     glb_notify_on_state_change_locked,
     glb_update_locked};
 
+static grpc_lb_policy *glb_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                  grpc_lb_policy_factory *factory,
+                                  grpc_lb_policy_args *args) {
+  /* Count the number of gRPC-LB addresses. There must be at least one. */
+  const grpc_arg *arg =
+      grpc_channel_args_find(args->args, GRPC_ARG_LB_ADDRESSES);
+  if (arg == NULL || arg->type != GRPC_ARG_POINTER) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  grpc_lb_addresses *addresses = (grpc_lb_addresses *)arg->value.pointer.p;
+  size_t num_grpclb_addrs = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < addresses->num_addresses; ++i) {
+    if (addresses->addresses[i].is_balancer) ++num_grpclb_addrs;
+  }
+  if (num_grpclb_addrs == 0) return NULL;
+
+  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*glb_policy));
+
+  /* Get server name. */
+  arg = grpc_channel_args_find(args->args, GRPC_ARG_SERVER_URI);
+  GPR_ASSERT(arg != NULL);
+  GPR_ASSERT(arg->type == GRPC_ARG_STRING);
+  grpc_uri *uri = grpc_uri_parse(exec_ctx, arg->value.string, true);
+  GPR_ASSERT(uri->path[0] != '\0');
+  glb_policy->server_name =
+      gpr_strdup(uri->path[0] == '/' ? uri->path + 1 : uri->path);
+  if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Will use '%s' as the server name for LB request.",
+            glb_policy->server_name);
+  }
+  grpc_uri_destroy(uri);
+
+  glb_policy->cc_factory = args->client_channel_factory;
+  GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->cc_factory != NULL);
+
+  arg = grpc_channel_args_find(args->args, GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS);
+  glb_policy->lb_call_timeout_ms =
+      grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(arg, (grpc_integer_options){0, 0, INT_MAX});
+
+  arg = grpc_channel_args_find(args->args, GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_FALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+  glb_policy->lb_fallback_timeout_ms = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
+      arg, (grpc_integer_options){GRPC_GRPCLB_DEFAULT_FALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, 0,
+                                  INT_MAX});
+
+  // Make sure that GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME is set in channel args,
+  // since we use this to trigger the client_load_reporting filter.
+  grpc_arg new_arg = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(
+      (char *)GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME, (char *)"grpclb");
+  static const char *args_to_remove[] = {GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME};
+  glb_policy->args = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add_and_remove(
+      args->args, args_to_remove, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(args_to_remove), &new_arg, 1);
+
+  /* Extract the backend addresses (may be empty) from the resolver for
+   * fallback. */
+  glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses =
+      extract_backend_addresses_locked(exec_ctx, addresses);
+
+  /* Create a client channel over them to communicate with a LB service */
+  glb_policy->response_generator =
+      grpc_fake_resolver_response_generator_create();
+  grpc_channel_args *lb_channel_args = build_lb_channel_args(
+      exec_ctx, addresses, glb_policy->response_generator, args->args);
+  char *uri_str;
+  gpr_asprintf(&uri_str, "fake:///%s", glb_policy->server_name);
+  glb_policy->lb_channel = grpc_lb_policy_grpclb_create_lb_channel(
+      exec_ctx, uri_str, args->client_channel_factory, lb_channel_args);
+
+  /* Propagate initial resolution */
+  grpc_fake_resolver_response_generator_set_response(
+      exec_ctx, glb_policy->response_generator, lb_channel_args);
+  grpc_channel_args_destroy(exec_ctx, lb_channel_args);
+  gpr_free(uri_str);
+  if (glb_policy->lb_channel == NULL) {
+    gpr_free((void *)glb_policy->server_name);
+    grpc_channel_args_destroy(exec_ctx, glb_policy->args);
+    gpr_free(glb_policy);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  grpc_subchannel_index_ref();
+  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&glb_policy->lb_channel_on_connectivity_changed,
+                    glb_lb_channel_on_connectivity_changed_cb, glb_policy,
+                    grpc_combiner_scheduler(args->combiner));
+  grpc_lb_policy_init(&glb_policy->base, &glb_lb_policy_vtable, args->combiner);
+  grpc_connectivity_state_init(&glb_policy->state_tracker, GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE,
+                               "grpclb");
+  return &glb_policy->base;
+}
+
 static void glb_factory_ref(grpc_lb_policy_factory *factory) {}
 
 static void glb_factory_unref(grpc_lb_policy_factory *factory) {}