grpc 1.58.0 → 1.62.0

data/src/core/ext/xds/xds_client.cc

@@ -22,8 +22,11 @@
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
 #include <type_traits>
 
+#include "absl/cleanup/cleanup.h"
 #include "absl/strings/match.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_join.h"
@@ -31,11 +34,17 @@
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 #include "absl/strings/strip.h"
 #include "absl/types/optional.h"
+#include "envoy/config/core/v3/base.upb.h"
+#include "envoy/service/status/v3/csds.upb.h"
+#include "google/protobuf/any.upb.h"
+#include "google/protobuf/timestamp.upb.h"
+#include "upb/base/string_view.h"
 #include "upb/mem/arena.h"
 
 #include <grpc/event_engine/event_engine.h>
 #include <grpc/support/log.h>
 
+#include "src/core/ext/xds/upb_utils.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_api.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_bootstrap.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_client_stats.h"
@@ -67,10 +76,10 @@ TraceFlag grpc_xds_client_refcount_trace(false, "xds_client_refcount");
 // An xds call wrapper that can restart a call upon failure. Holds a ref to
 // the xds channel. The template parameter is the kind of wrapped xds call.
 template <typename T>
-class XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall
+class XdsClient::XdsChannel::RetryableCall
     : public InternallyRefCounted<RetryableCall<T>> {
  public:
-  explicit RetryableCall(WeakRefCountedPtr<ChannelState> chand);
+  explicit RetryableCall(WeakRefCountedPtr<XdsChannel> xds_channel);
 
   // Disable thread-safety analysis because this method is called via
   // OrphanablePtr<>, but there's no way to pass the lock annotation
@@ -79,8 +88,8 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall
 
   void OnCallFinishedLocked() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
 
-  T* calld() const { return calld_.get(); }
-  ChannelState* chand() const { return chand_.get(); }
+  T* call() const { return call_.get(); }
+  XdsChannel* xds_channel() const { return xds_channel_.get(); }
 
   bool IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const;
 
@@ -92,9 +101,9 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall
 
   // The wrapped xds call that talks to the xds server. It's instantiated
   // every time we start a new call. It's null during call retry backoff.
-  OrphanablePtr<T> calld_;
+  OrphanablePtr<T> call_;
   // The owning xds channel.
-  WeakRefCountedPtr<ChannelState> chand_;
+  WeakRefCountedPtr<XdsChannel> xds_channel_;
 
   // Retry state.
   BackOff backoff_;
@@ -105,17 +114,18 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall
 };
 
 // Contains an ADS call to the xds server.
-class XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
-    : public InternallyRefCounted<AdsCallState> {
+class XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall : public InternallyRefCounted<AdsCall> {
  public:
   // The ctor and dtor should not be used directly.
-  explicit AdsCallState(RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<AdsCallState>> parent);
+  explicit AdsCall(RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<AdsCall>> retryable_call);
 
   void Orphan() override;
 
-  RetryableCall<AdsCallState>* parent() const { return parent_.get(); }
-  ChannelState* chand() const { return parent_->chand(); }
-  XdsClient* xds_client() const { return chand()->xds_client(); }
+  RetryableCall<AdsCall>* retryable_call() const {
+    return retryable_call_.get();
+  }
+  XdsChannel* xds_channel() const { return retryable_call_->xds_channel(); }
+  XdsClient* xds_client() const { return xds_channel()->xds_client(); }
   bool seen_response() const { return seen_response_; }
 
   void SubscribeLocked(const XdsResourceType* type, const XdsResourceName& name,
@@ -128,6 +138,8 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
   bool HasSubscribedResources() const;
 
  private:
+  class AdsReadDelayHandle;
+
   class AdsResponseParser : public XdsApi::AdsResponseParserInterface {
    public:
     struct Result {
@@ -139,10 +151,10 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
       std::map<std::string /*authority*/, std::set<XdsResourceKey>>
           resources_seen;
       bool have_valid_resources = false;
+      RefCountedPtr<ReadDelayHandle> read_delay_handle;
     };
 
-    explicit AdsResponseParser(AdsCallState* ads_call_state)
-        : ads_call_state_(ads_call_state) {}
+    explicit AdsResponseParser(AdsCall* ads_call) : ads_call_(ads_call) {}
 
     absl::Status ProcessAdsResponseFields(AdsResponseFields fields) override
         ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
@@ -158,9 +170,9 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
     Result TakeResult() { return std::move(result_); }
 
    private:
-    XdsClient* xds_client() const { return ads_call_state_->xds_client(); }
+    XdsClient* xds_client() const { return ads_call_->xds_client(); }
 
-    AdsCallState* ads_call_state_;
+    AdsCall* ads_call_;
     const Timestamp update_time_ = Timestamp::Now();
     Result result_;
   };
@@ -183,10 +195,9 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
       subscription_sent_ = true;
     }
 
-    void MaybeMarkSubscriptionSendComplete(
-        RefCountedPtr<AdsCallState> ads_calld)
+    void MaybeMarkSubscriptionSendComplete(RefCountedPtr<AdsCall> ads_call)
         ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_) {
-      if (subscription_sent_) MaybeStartTimer(std::move(ads_calld));
+      if (subscription_sent_) MaybeStartTimer(std::move(ads_call));
     }
 
     void MarkSeen() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_) {
@@ -196,13 +207,13 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
 
     void MaybeCancelTimer() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_) {
       if (timer_handle_.has_value() &&
-          ads_calld_->xds_client()->engine()->Cancel(*timer_handle_)) {
+          ads_call_->xds_client()->engine()->Cancel(*timer_handle_)) {
         timer_handle_.reset();
       }
     }
 
    private:
-    void MaybeStartTimer(RefCountedPtr<AdsCallState> ads_calld)
+    void MaybeStartTimer(RefCountedPtr<AdsCall> ads_call)
         ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_) {
       // Don't start timer if we've already either seen the resource or
       // marked it as non-existing.
@@ -223,13 +234,13 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
       // (a) we already have the resource and (b) the server may
       // optimize by not resending the resource that we already have.
       auto& authority_state =
-          ads_calld->xds_client()->authority_state_map_[name_.authority];
+          ads_call->xds_client()->authority_state_map_[name_.authority];
       ResourceState& state = authority_state.resource_map[type_][name_.key];
       if (state.resource != nullptr) return;
       // Start timer.
-      ads_calld_ = std::move(ads_calld);
-      timer_handle_ = ads_calld_->xds_client()->engine()->RunAfter(
-          ads_calld_->xds_client()->request_timeout_,
+      ads_call_ = std::move(ads_call);
+      timer_handle_ = ads_call_->xds_client()->engine()->RunAfter(
+          ads_call_->xds_client()->request_timeout_,
           [self = Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "timer")]() {
             ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
             ExecCtx exec_ctx;
@@ -242,32 +253,32 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
         gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
                 "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: timeout obtaining resource "
                 "{type=%s name=%s} from xds server",
-                ads_calld_->xds_client(),
-                ads_calld_->chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
+                ads_call_->xds_client(),
+                ads_call_->xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
                 std::string(type_->type_url()).c_str(),
                 XdsClient::ConstructFullXdsResourceName(
                     name_.authority, type_->type_url(), name_.key)
                     .c_str());
       }
       {
-        MutexLock lock(&ads_calld_->xds_client()->mu_);
+        MutexLock lock(&ads_call_->xds_client()->mu_);
         timer_handle_.reset();
         resource_seen_ = true;
         auto& authority_state =
-            ads_calld_->xds_client()->authority_state_map_[name_.authority];
+            ads_call_->xds_client()->authority_state_map_[name_.authority];
         ResourceState& state = authority_state.resource_map[type_][name_.key];
         state.meta.client_status = XdsApi::ResourceMetadata::DOES_NOT_EXIST;
-        ads_calld_->xds_client()->NotifyWatchersOnResourceDoesNotExist(
-            state.watchers);
+        ads_call_->xds_client()->NotifyWatchersOnResourceDoesNotExist(
+            state.watchers, ReadDelayHandle::NoWait());
       }
-      ads_calld_->xds_client()->work_serializer_.DrainQueue();
-      ads_calld_.reset();
+      ads_call_->xds_client()->work_serializer_.DrainQueue();
+      ads_call_.reset();
     }
 
     const XdsResourceType* type_;
     const XdsResourceName name_;
 
-    RefCountedPtr<AdsCallState> ads_calld_;
+    RefCountedPtr<AdsCall> ads_call_;
     // True if we have sent the initial subscription request for this
     // resource on this ADS stream.
     bool subscription_sent_ ABSL_GUARDED_BY(&XdsClient::mu_) = false;
@@ -282,19 +293,19 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
   class StreamEventHandler
       : public XdsTransportFactory::XdsTransport::StreamingCall::EventHandler {
    public:
-    explicit StreamEventHandler(RefCountedPtr<AdsCallState> ads_calld)
-        : ads_calld_(std::move(ads_calld)) {}
+    explicit StreamEventHandler(RefCountedPtr<AdsCall> ads_call)
+        : ads_call_(std::move(ads_call)) {}
 
-    void OnRequestSent(bool ok) override { ads_calld_->OnRequestSent(ok); }
+    void OnRequestSent(bool ok) override { ads_call_->OnRequestSent(ok); }
     void OnRecvMessage(absl::string_view payload) override {
-      ads_calld_->OnRecvMessage(payload);
+      ads_call_->OnRecvMessage(payload);
     }
     void OnStatusReceived(absl::Status status) override {
-      ads_calld_->OnStatusReceived(std::move(status));
+      ads_call_->OnStatusReceived(std::move(status));
     }
 
    private:
-    RefCountedPtr<AdsCallState> ads_calld_;
+    RefCountedPtr<AdsCall> ads_call_;
   };
 
   struct ResourceTypeState {
@@ -323,9 +334,10 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
       ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
 
   // The owning RetryableCall<>.
-  RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<AdsCallState>> parent_;
+  RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<AdsCall>> retryable_call_;
 
-  OrphanablePtr<XdsTransportFactory::XdsTransport::StreamingCall> call_;
+  OrphanablePtr<XdsTransportFactory::XdsTransport::StreamingCall>
+      streaming_call_;
 
   bool sent_initial_message_ = false;
   bool seen_response_ = false;
@@ -341,87 +353,86 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
 };
 
 // Contains an LRS call to the xds server.
-class XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState
-    : public InternallyRefCounted<LrsCallState> {
+class XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall : public InternallyRefCounted<LrsCall> {
  public:
   // The ctor and dtor should not be used directly.
-  explicit LrsCallState(RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<LrsCallState>> parent);
+  explicit LrsCall(RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<LrsCall>> retryable_call);
 
   void Orphan() override;
 
-  void MaybeStartReportingLocked()
-      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-
-  RetryableCall<LrsCallState>* parent() { return parent_.get(); }
-  ChannelState* chand() const { return parent_->chand(); }
-  XdsClient* xds_client() const { return chand()->xds_client(); }
+  RetryableCall<LrsCall>* retryable_call() { return retryable_call_.get(); }
+  XdsChannel* xds_channel() const { return retryable_call_->xds_channel(); }
+  XdsClient* xds_client() const { return xds_channel()->xds_client(); }
   bool seen_response() const { return seen_response_; }
 
  private:
   class StreamEventHandler
       : public XdsTransportFactory::XdsTransport::StreamingCall::EventHandler {
    public:
-    explicit StreamEventHandler(RefCountedPtr<LrsCallState> lrs_calld)
-        : lrs_calld_(std::move(lrs_calld)) {}
+    explicit StreamEventHandler(RefCountedPtr<LrsCall> lrs_call)
+        : lrs_call_(std::move(lrs_call)) {}
 
-    void OnRequestSent(bool ok) override { lrs_calld_->OnRequestSent(ok); }
+    void OnRequestSent(bool /*ok*/) override { lrs_call_->OnRequestSent(); }
     void OnRecvMessage(absl::string_view payload) override {
-      lrs_calld_->OnRecvMessage(payload);
+      lrs_call_->OnRecvMessage(payload);
     }
     void OnStatusReceived(absl::Status status) override {
-      lrs_calld_->OnStatusReceived(std::move(status));
+      lrs_call_->OnStatusReceived(std::move(status));
     }
 
    private:
-    RefCountedPtr<LrsCallState> lrs_calld_;
+    RefCountedPtr<LrsCall> lrs_call_;
   };
 
-  // Reports client-side load stats according to a fixed interval.
-  class Reporter : public InternallyRefCounted<Reporter> {
+  // A repeating timer for a particular duration.
+  class Timer : public InternallyRefCounted<Timer> {
    public:
-    Reporter(RefCountedPtr<LrsCallState> parent, Duration report_interval)
-        : parent_(std::move(parent)), report_interval_(report_interval) {
-      ScheduleNextReportLocked();
-    }
+    explicit Timer(RefCountedPtr<LrsCall> lrs_call)
+        : lrs_call_(std::move(lrs_call)) {}
+    ~Timer() override { lrs_call_.reset(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LRS timer"); }
 
     // Disable thread-safety analysis because this method is called via
     // OrphanablePtr<>, but there's no way to pass the lock annotation
     // through there.
     void Orphan() override ABSL_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS;
 
-    void OnReportDoneLocked() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-
-   private:
     void ScheduleNextReportLocked()
         ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
-    bool OnNextReportTimer();
-    bool SendReportLocked() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
 
-    bool IsCurrentReporterOnCall() const {
-      return this == parent_->reporter_.get();
+   private:
+    bool IsCurrentTimerOnCall() const {
+      return this == lrs_call_->timer_.get();
     }
-    XdsClient* xds_client() const { return parent_->xds_client(); }
+    XdsClient* xds_client() const { return lrs_call_->xds_client(); }
+
+    void OnNextReportTimer();
 
     // The owning LRS call.
-    RefCountedPtr<LrsCallState> parent_;
+    RefCountedPtr<LrsCall> lrs_call_;
 
-    // The load reporting state.
-    const Duration report_interval_;
-    bool last_report_counters_were_zero_ = false;
     absl::optional<EventEngine::TaskHandle> timer_handle_
         ABSL_GUARDED_BY(&XdsClient::mu_);
   };
 
-  void OnRequestSent(bool ok);
+  void MaybeScheduleNextReportLocked()
+      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
+
+  void SendReportLocked() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
+
+  void SendMessageLocked(std::string payload)
+      ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_);
+
+  void OnRequestSent();
   void OnRecvMessage(absl::string_view payload);
   void OnStatusReceived(absl::Status status);
 
   bool IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const;
 
   // The owning RetryableCall<>.
-  RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<LrsCallState>> parent_;
+  RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<LrsCall>> retryable_call_;
 
-  OrphanablePtr<XdsTransportFactory::XdsTransport::StreamingCall> call_;
+  OrphanablePtr<XdsTransportFactory::XdsTransport::StreamingCall>
+      streaming_call_;
 
   bool seen_response_ = false;
   bool send_message_pending_ ABSL_GUARDED_BY(&XdsClient::mu_) = false;
@@ -430,19 +441,19 @@ class XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState
   bool send_all_clusters_ = false;
   std::set<std::string> cluster_names_;  // Asked for by the LRS server.
   Duration load_reporting_interval_;
-  OrphanablePtr<Reporter> reporter_;
+  bool last_report_counters_were_zero_ = false;
+  OrphanablePtr<Timer> timer_;
 };
 
 //
-// XdsClient::ChannelState
+// XdsClient::XdsChannel
 //
 
-XdsClient::ChannelState::ChannelState(WeakRefCountedPtr<XdsClient> xds_client,
-                                      const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& server)
-    : DualRefCounted<ChannelState>(
-          GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_refcount_trace)
-              ? "ChannelState"
-              : nullptr),
+XdsClient::XdsChannel::XdsChannel(WeakRefCountedPtr<XdsClient> xds_client,
+                                  const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& server)
+    : DualRefCounted<XdsChannel>(
+          GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_refcount_trace) ? "XdsChannel"
+                                                                  : nullptr),
       xds_client_(std::move(xds_client)),
       server_(server) {
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
@@ -461,19 +472,19 @@ XdsClient::ChannelState::ChannelState(WeakRefCountedPtr<XdsClient> xds_client,
   if (!status.ok()) SetChannelStatusLocked(std::move(status));
 }
 
-XdsClient::ChannelState::~ChannelState() {
+XdsClient::XdsChannel::~XdsChannel() {
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] destroying xds channel %p for server %s",
             xds_client(), this, server_.server_uri().c_str());
   }
-  xds_client_.reset(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ChannelState");
+  xds_client_.reset(DEBUG_LOCATION, "XdsChannel");
 }
 
 // This method should only ever be called when holding the lock, but we can't
 // use a ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED annotation, because Orphan() will be
 // called from DualRefCounted::Unref, which cannot have a lock annotation for
 // a lock in this subclass.
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::Orphan() ABSL_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::Orphan() ABSL_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] orphaning xds channel %p for server %s",
             xds_client(), this, server_.server_uri().c_str());
@@ -481,69 +492,67 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::Orphan() ABSL_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
   shutting_down_ = true;
   transport_.reset();
   // At this time, all strong refs are removed, remove from channel map to
-  // prevent subsequent subscription from trying to use this ChannelState as
+  // prevent subsequent subscription from trying to use this XdsChannel as
   // it is shutting down.
-  xds_client_->xds_server_channel_map_.erase(&server_);
-  ads_calld_.reset();
-  lrs_calld_.reset();
+  xds_client_->xds_channel_map_.erase(server_.Key());
+  ads_call_.reset();
+  lrs_call_.reset();
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::ResetBackoff() { transport_->ResetBackoff(); }
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::ResetBackoff() { transport_->ResetBackoff(); }
 
-XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState* XdsClient::ChannelState::ads_calld()
-    const {
-  return ads_calld_->calld();
+XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall* XdsClient::XdsChannel::ads_call() const {
+  return ads_call_->call();
 }
 
-XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState* XdsClient::ChannelState::lrs_calld()
-    const {
-  return lrs_calld_->calld();
+XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall* XdsClient::XdsChannel::lrs_call() const {
+  return lrs_call_->call();
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::MaybeStartLrsCall() {
-  if (lrs_calld_ != nullptr) return;
-  lrs_calld_.reset(new RetryableCall<LrsCallState>(
-      WeakRef(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ChannelState+lrs")));
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::MaybeStartLrsCall() {
+  if (lrs_call_ != nullptr) return;
+  lrs_call_.reset(
+      new RetryableCall<LrsCall>(WeakRef(DEBUG_LOCATION, "XdsChannel+lrs")));
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::StopLrsCallLocked() {
-  xds_client_->xds_load_report_server_map_.erase(&server_);
-  lrs_calld_.reset();
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::StopLrsCallLocked() {
+  xds_client_->xds_load_report_server_map_.erase(server_.Key());
+  lrs_call_.reset();
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::SubscribeLocked(const XdsResourceType* type,
-                                              const XdsResourceName& name) {
-  if (ads_calld_ == nullptr) {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::SubscribeLocked(const XdsResourceType* type,
+                                            const XdsResourceName& name) {
+  if (ads_call_ == nullptr) {
     // Start the ADS call if this is the first request.
-    ads_calld_.reset(new RetryableCall<AdsCallState>(
-        WeakRef(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ChannelState+ads")));
-    // Note: AdsCallState's ctor will automatically subscribe to all
+    ads_call_.reset(
+        new RetryableCall<AdsCall>(WeakRef(DEBUG_LOCATION, "XdsChannel+ads")));
+    // Note: AdsCall's ctor will automatically subscribe to all
     // resources that the XdsClient already has watchers for, so we can
     // return here.
     return;
   }
   // If the ADS call is in backoff state, we don't need to do anything now
   // because when the call is restarted it will resend all necessary requests.
-  if (ads_calld() == nullptr) return;
+  if (ads_call() == nullptr) return;
   // Subscribe to this resource if the ADS call is active.
-  ads_calld()->SubscribeLocked(type, name, /*delay_send=*/false);
-}
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::UnsubscribeLocked(const XdsResourceType* type,
-                                                const XdsResourceName& name,
-                                                bool delay_unsubscription) {
-  if (ads_calld_ != nullptr) {
-    auto* calld = ads_calld_->calld();
-    if (calld != nullptr) {
-      calld->UnsubscribeLocked(type, name, delay_unsubscription);
-      if (!calld->HasSubscribedResources()) {
-        ads_calld_.reset();
+  ads_call()->SubscribeLocked(type, name, /*delay_send=*/false);
+}
+
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::UnsubscribeLocked(const XdsResourceType* type,
+                                              const XdsResourceName& name,
+                                              bool delay_unsubscription) {
+  if (ads_call_ != nullptr) {
+    auto* call = ads_call_->call();
+    if (call != nullptr) {
+      call->UnsubscribeLocked(type, name, delay_unsubscription);
+      if (!call->HasSubscribedResources()) {
+        ads_call_.reset();
       }
     }
   }
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::OnConnectivityFailure(absl::Status status) {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::OnConnectivityFailure(absl::Status status) {
   {
     MutexLock lock(&xds_client_->mu_);
     SetChannelStatusLocked(std::move(status));
@@ -551,7 +560,7 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::OnConnectivityFailure(absl::Status status) {
   xds_client_->work_serializer_.DrainQueue();
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::SetChannelStatusLocked(absl::Status status) {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::SetChannelStatusLocked(absl::Status status) {
   if (shutting_down_) return;
   status = absl::Status(status.code(), absl::StrCat("xDS channel for server ",
                                                     server_.server_uri(), ": ",
@@ -573,7 +582,7 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::SetChannelStatusLocked(absl::Status status) {
   // Find all watchers for this channel.
   std::set<RefCountedPtr<ResourceWatcherInterface>> watchers;
   for (const auto& a : xds_client_->authority_state_map_) {  // authority
-    if (a.second.channel_state != this) continue;
+    if (a.second.xds_channel != this) continue;
     for (const auto& t : a.second.resource_map) {  // type
       for (const auto& r : t.second) {             // resource id
         for (const auto& w : r.second.watchers) {  // watchers
@@ -587,20 +596,20 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::SetChannelStatusLocked(absl::Status status) {
       [watchers = std::move(watchers), status = std::move(status)]()
           ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(xds_client_->work_serializer_) {
             for (const auto& watcher : watchers) {
-              watcher->OnError(status);
+              watcher->OnError(status, ReadDelayHandle::NoWait());
             }
           },
       DEBUG_LOCATION);
 }
 
 //
-// XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<>
+// XdsClient::XdsChannel::RetryableCall<>
 //
 
 template <typename T>
-XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::RetryableCall(
-    WeakRefCountedPtr<ChannelState> chand)
-    : chand_(std::move(chand)),
+XdsClient::XdsChannel::RetryableCall<T>::RetryableCall(
+    WeakRefCountedPtr<XdsChannel> xds_channel)
+    : xds_channel_(std::move(xds_channel)),
       backoff_(BackOff::Options()
                    .set_initial_backoff(Duration::Seconds(
                        GRPC_XDS_INITIAL_CONNECT_BACKOFF_SECONDS))
@@ -612,42 +621,43 @@ XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::RetryableCall(
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::Orphan() {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::RetryableCall<T>::Orphan() {
   shutting_down_ = true;
-  calld_.reset();
+  call_.reset();
   if (timer_handle_.has_value()) {
-    chand()->xds_client()->engine()->Cancel(*timer_handle_);
+    xds_channel()->xds_client()->engine()->Cancel(*timer_handle_);
     timer_handle_.reset();
   }
   this->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "RetryableCall+orphaned");
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::OnCallFinishedLocked() {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::RetryableCall<T>::OnCallFinishedLocked() {
   // If we saw a response on the current stream, reset backoff.
-  if (calld_->seen_response()) backoff_.Reset();
-  calld_.reset();
+  if (call_->seen_response()) backoff_.Reset();
+  call_.reset();
   // Start retry timer.
   StartRetryTimerLocked();
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::StartNewCallLocked() {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::RetryableCall<T>::StartNewCallLocked() {
   if (shutting_down_) return;
-  GPR_ASSERT(chand_->transport_ != nullptr);
-  GPR_ASSERT(calld_ == nullptr);
+  GPR_ASSERT(xds_channel_->transport_ != nullptr);
+  GPR_ASSERT(call_ == nullptr);
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
             "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: start new call from retryable "
             "call %p",
-            chand()->xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(), this);
+            xds_channel()->xds_client(),
+            xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(), this);
   }
-  calld_ = MakeOrphanable<T>(
+  call_ = MakeOrphanable<T>(
       this->Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "RetryableCall+start_new_call"));
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::StartRetryTimerLocked() {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::RetryableCall<T>::StartRetryTimerLocked() {
   if (shutting_down_) return;
   const Timestamp next_attempt_time = backoff_.NextAttemptTime();
   const Duration timeout =
@@ -656,10 +666,10 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::StartRetryTimerLocked() {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
             "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: call attempt failed; "
             "retry timer will fire in %" PRId64 "ms.",
-            chand()->xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
-            timeout.millis());
+            xds_channel()->xds_client(),
+            xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(), timeout.millis());
   }
-  timer_handle_ = chand()->xds_client()->engine()->RunAfter(
+  timer_handle_ = xds_channel()->xds_client()->engine()->RunAfter(
       timeout,
       [self = this->Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "RetryableCall+retry_timer_start")]() {
         ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
@@ -669,8 +679,8 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::StartRetryTimerLocked() {
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::OnRetryTimer() {
-  MutexLock lock(&chand_->xds_client()->mu_);
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::RetryableCall<T>::OnRetryTimer() {
+  MutexLock lock(&xds_channel_->xds_client()->mu_);
   if (timer_handle_.has_value()) {
     timer_handle_.reset();
     if (shutting_down_) return;
@@ -678,31 +688,52 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::OnRetryTimer() {
       gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
               "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: retry timer fired (retryable "
               "call: %p)",
-              chand()->xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
-              this);
+              xds_channel()->xds_client(),
+              xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(), this);
     }
     StartNewCallLocked();
   }
 }
 
 //
-// XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsResponseParser
+// XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::AdsReadDelayHandle
 //
 
-absl::Status XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsResponseParser::
-    ProcessAdsResponseFields(AdsResponseFields fields) {
+class XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::AdsReadDelayHandle
+    : public XdsClient::ReadDelayHandle {
+ public:
+  explicit AdsReadDelayHandle(RefCountedPtr<AdsCall> ads_call)
+      : ads_call_(std::move(ads_call)) {}
+
+  ~AdsReadDelayHandle() override {
+    MutexLock lock(&ads_call_->xds_client()->mu_);
+    auto call = ads_call_->streaming_call_.get();
+    if (call != nullptr) call->StartRecvMessage();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  RefCountedPtr<AdsCall> ads_call_;
+};
+
+//
+// XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::AdsResponseParser
+//
+
+absl::Status
+XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::AdsResponseParser::ProcessAdsResponseFields(
+    AdsResponseFields fields) {
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(
         GPR_INFO,
         "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: received ADS response: type_url=%s, "
         "version=%s, nonce=%s, num_resources=%" PRIuPTR,
-        ads_call_state_->xds_client(),
-        ads_call_state_->chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
+        ads_call_->xds_client(),
+        ads_call_->xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
         fields.type_url.c_str(), fields.version.c_str(), fields.nonce.c_str(),
         fields.num_resources);
   }
   result_.type =
-      ads_call_state_->xds_client()->GetResourceTypeLocked(fields.type_url);
+      ads_call_->xds_client()->GetResourceTypeLocked(fields.type_url);
   if (result_.type == nullptr) {
     return absl::InvalidArgumentError(
         absl::StrCat("unknown resource type ", fields.type_url));
@@ -710,6 +741,8 @@ absl::Status XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsResponseParser::
   result_.type_url = std::move(fields.type_url);
   result_.version = std::move(fields.version);
   result_.nonce = std::move(fields.nonce);
+  result_.read_delay_handle =
+      MakeRefCounted<AdsReadDelayHandle>(ads_call_->Ref());
   return absl::OkStatus();
 }
 
@@ -739,7 +772,7 @@ void UpdateResourceMetadataNacked(const std::string& version,
 
 }  // namespace
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsResponseParser::ParseResource(
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::AdsResponseParser::ParseResource(
     upb_Arena* arena, size_t idx, absl::string_view type_url,
     absl::string_view resource_name, absl::string_view serialized_resource) {
   std::string error_prefix = absl::StrCat(
@@ -754,8 +787,8 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsResponseParser::ParseResource(
   }
   // Parse the resource.
   XdsResourceType::DecodeContext context = {
-      xds_client(), ads_call_state_->chand()->server_, &grpc_xds_client_trace,
-      xds_client()->symtab_.ptr(), arena};
+      xds_client(), ads_call_->xds_channel()->server_, &grpc_xds_client_trace,
+      xds_client()->def_pool_.ptr(), arena};
   XdsResourceType::DecodeResult decode_result =
       result_.type->Decode(context, serialized_resource);
   // If we didn't already have the resource name from the Resource
@@ -788,8 +821,8 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsResponseParser::ParseResource(
     return;
   }
   // Cancel resource-does-not-exist timer, if needed.
-  auto timer_it = ads_call_state_->state_map_.find(result_.type);
-  if (timer_it != ads_call_state_->state_map_.end()) {
+  auto timer_it = ads_call_->state_map_.find(result_.type);
+  if (timer_it != ads_call_->state_map_.end()) {
     auto it = timer_it->second.subscribed_resources.find(
         parsed_resource_name->authority);
     if (it != timer_it->second.subscribed_resources.end()) {
@@ -831,7 +864,7 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsResponseParser::ParseResource(
             "resource for which we previously ignored a deletion: type %s "
             "name %s",
             xds_client(),
-            ads_call_state_->chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
+            ads_call_->xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
             std::string(type_url).c_str(), std::string(resource_name).c_str());
     resource_state.ignored_deletion = false;
   }
@@ -840,7 +873,8 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsResponseParser::ParseResource(
     xds_client()->NotifyWatchersOnErrorLocked(
         resource_state.watchers,
         absl::UnavailableError(
-            absl::StrCat("invalid resource: ", decode_status.ToString())));
+            absl::StrCat("invalid resource: ", decode_status.ToString())),
+        result_.read_delay_handle);
     UpdateResourceMetadataNacked(result_.version, decode_status.ToString(),
                                  update_time_, &resource_state.meta);
     return;
@@ -865,61 +899,58 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsResponseParser::ParseResource(
       std::string(serialized_resource), result_.version, update_time_);
   // Notify watchers.
   auto& watchers_list = resource_state.watchers;
-  auto* value =
-      result_.type->CopyResource(resource_state.resource.get()).release();
   xds_client()->work_serializer_.Schedule(
-      [watchers_list, value]()
+      [watchers_list, value = resource_state.resource,
+       read_delay_handle = result_.read_delay_handle]()
           ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&xds_client()->work_serializer_) {
             for (const auto& p : watchers_list) {
-              p.first->OnGenericResourceChanged(value);
+              p.first->OnGenericResourceChanged(value, read_delay_handle);
             }
-            delete value;
           },
       DEBUG_LOCATION);
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsResponseParser::
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::AdsResponseParser::
     ResourceWrapperParsingFailed(size_t idx, absl::string_view message) {
   result_.errors.emplace_back(
       absl::StrCat("resource index ", idx, ": ", message));
 }
 
 //
-// XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
+// XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall
 //
 
-XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsCallState(
-    RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<AdsCallState>> parent)
-    : InternallyRefCounted<AdsCallState>(
-          GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_refcount_trace)
-              ? "AdsCallState"
-              : nullptr),
-      parent_(std::move(parent)) {
+XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::AdsCall(
+    RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<AdsCall>> retryable_call)
+    : InternallyRefCounted<AdsCall>(
+          GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_refcount_trace) ? "AdsCall"
+                                                                  : nullptr),
+      retryable_call_(std::move(retryable_call)) {
   GPR_ASSERT(xds_client() != nullptr);
   // Init the ADS call.
   const char* method =
       "/envoy.service.discovery.v3.AggregatedDiscoveryService/"
       "StreamAggregatedResources";
-  call_ = chand()->transport_->CreateStreamingCall(
+  streaming_call_ = xds_channel()->transport_->CreateStreamingCall(
       method, std::make_unique<StreamEventHandler>(
                   // Passing the initial ref here.  This ref will go away when
                   // the StreamEventHandler is destroyed.
-                  RefCountedPtr<AdsCallState>(this)));
-  GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
+                  RefCountedPtr<AdsCall>(this)));
+  GPR_ASSERT(streaming_call_ != nullptr);
   // Start the call.
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
             "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: starting ADS call "
-            "(calld: %p, call: %p)",
-            xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(), this,
-            call_.get());
+            "(ads_call: %p, streaming_call: %p)",
+            xds_client(), xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(), this,
+            streaming_call_.get());
   }
   // If this is a reconnect, add any necessary subscriptions from what's
   // already in the cache.
   for (const auto& a : xds_client()->authority_state_map_) {
     const std::string& authority = a.first;
     // Skip authorities that are not using this xDS channel.
-    if (a.second.channel_state != chand()) continue;
+    if (a.second.xds_channel != xds_channel()) continue;
     for (const auto& t : a.second.resource_map) {
       const XdsResourceType* type = t.first;
       for (const auto& r : t.second) {
@@ -932,17 +963,19 @@ XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsCallState(
   for (const auto& p : state_map_) {
     SendMessageLocked(p.first);
   }
+  streaming_call_->StartRecvMessage();
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::Orphan() {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::Orphan() {
   state_map_.clear();
   // Note that the initial ref is held by the StreamEventHandler, which
-  // will be destroyed when call_ is destroyed, which may not happen
-  // here, since there may be other refs held to call_ by internal callbacks.
-  call_.reset();
+  // will be destroyed when streaming_call_ is destroyed, which may not happen
+  // here, since there may be other refs held to streaming_call_ by internal
+  // callbacks.
+  streaming_call_.reset();
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::SendMessageLocked(
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::SendMessageLocked(
     const XdsResourceType* type)
     ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&XdsClient::mu_) {
   // Buffer message sending if an existing message is in flight.
@@ -952,24 +985,25 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::SendMessageLocked(
   }
   auto& state = state_map_[type];
   std::string serialized_message = xds_client()->api_.CreateAdsRequest(
-      type->type_url(), chand()->resource_type_version_map_[type], state.nonce,
-      ResourceNamesForRequest(type), state.status, !sent_initial_message_);
+      type->type_url(), xds_channel()->resource_type_version_map_[type],
+      state.nonce, ResourceNamesForRequest(type), state.status,
+      !sent_initial_message_);
   sent_initial_message_ = true;
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
             "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: sending ADS request: type=%s "
             "version=%s nonce=%s error=%s",
-            xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
+            xds_client(), xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
             std::string(type->type_url()).c_str(),
-            chand()->resource_type_version_map_[type].c_str(),
+            xds_channel()->resource_type_version_map_[type].c_str(),
             state.nonce.c_str(), state.status.ToString().c_str());
   }
   state.status = absl::OkStatus();
-  call_->SendMessage(std::move(serialized_message));
+  streaming_call_->SendMessage(std::move(serialized_message));
   send_message_pending_ = type;
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::SubscribeLocked(
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::SubscribeLocked(
     const XdsResourceType* type, const XdsResourceName& name, bool delay_send) {
   auto& state = state_map_[type].subscribed_resources[name.authority][name.key];
   if (state == nullptr) {
@@ -978,7 +1012,7 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::SubscribeLocked(
   }
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::UnsubscribeLocked(
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::UnsubscribeLocked(
     const XdsResourceType* type, const XdsResourceName& name,
     bool delay_unsubscription) {
   auto& type_state_map = state_map_[type];
@@ -995,14 +1029,14 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::UnsubscribeLocked(
   }
 }
 
-bool XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::HasSubscribedResources() const {
+bool XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::HasSubscribedResources() const {
   for (const auto& p : state_map_) {
     if (!p.second.subscribed_resources.empty()) return true;
   }
   return false;
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnRequestSent(bool ok) {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::OnRequestSent(bool ok) {
   MutexLock lock(&xds_client()->mu_);
   // For each resource that was in the message we just sent, start the
   // resource timer if needed.
@@ -1034,25 +1068,28 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnRequestSent(bool ok) {
   }
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnRecvMessage(
-    absl::string_view payload) {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::OnRecvMessage(absl::string_view payload) {
+  // Needs to be destroyed after the mutex is released.
+  RefCountedPtr<ReadDelayHandle> read_delay_handle;
   {
     MutexLock lock(&xds_client()->mu_);
     if (!IsCurrentCallOnChannel()) return;
     // Parse and validate the response.
     AdsResponseParser parser(this);
     absl::Status status = xds_client()->api_.ParseAdsResponse(payload, &parser);
+    // This includes a handle that will trigger an ADS read.
+    AdsResponseParser::Result result = parser.TakeResult();
+    read_delay_handle = std::move(result.read_delay_handle);
     if (!status.ok()) {
       // Ignore unparsable response.
       gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
               "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: error parsing ADS response (%s) "
               "-- ignoring",
-              xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
+              xds_client(), xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
               status.ToString().c_str());
     } else {
       seen_response_ = true;
-      chand()->status_ = absl::OkStatus();
-      AdsResponseParser::Result result = parser.TakeResult();
+      xds_channel()->status_ = absl::OkStatus();
       // Update nonce.
       auto& state = state_map_[result.type];
       state.nonce = result.nonce;
@@ -1065,7 +1102,7 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnRecvMessage(
                 "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: ADS response invalid for "
                 "resource "
                 "type %s version %s, will NACK: nonce=%s status=%s",
-                xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
+                xds_client(), xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
                 result.type_url.c_str(), result.version.c_str(),
                 state.nonce.c_str(), state.status.ToString().c_str());
       }
@@ -1075,7 +1112,7 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnRecvMessage(
           const std::string& authority = a.first;
           AuthorityState& authority_state = a.second;
           // Skip authorities that are not using this xDS channel.
-          if (authority_state.channel_state != chand()) continue;
+          if (authority_state.xds_channel != xds_channel()) continue;
           auto seen_authority_it = result.resources_seen.find(authority);
           // Find this resource type.
           auto type_it = authority_state.resource_map.find(result.type);
@@ -1095,12 +1132,13 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnRecvMessage(
               // that the resource does not exist.  For that case, we rely on
               // the request timeout instead.
               if (resource_state.resource == nullptr) continue;
-              if (chand()->server_.IgnoreResourceDeletion()) {
+              if (xds_channel()->server_.IgnoreResourceDeletion()) {
                 if (!resource_state.ignored_deletion) {
                   gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
                           "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: ignoring deletion "
                           "for resource type %s name %s",
-                          xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
+                          xds_client(),
+                          xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
                           result.type_url.c_str(),
                           XdsClient::ConstructFullXdsResourceName(
                               authority, result.type_url.c_str(), resource_key)
@@ -1112,7 +1150,7 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnRecvMessage(
                 resource_state.meta.client_status =
                     XdsApi::ResourceMetadata::DOES_NOT_EXIST;
                 xds_client()->NotifyWatchersOnResourceDoesNotExist(
-                    resource_state.watchers);
+                    resource_state.watchers, read_delay_handle);
               }
             }
           }
@@ -1120,14 +1158,8 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnRecvMessage(
       }
       // If we had valid resources or the update was empty, update the version.
       if (result.have_valid_resources || result.errors.empty()) {
-        chand()->resource_type_version_map_[result.type] =
+        xds_channel()->resource_type_version_map_[result.type] =
             std::move(result.version);
-        // Start load reporting if needed.
-        auto& lrs_call = chand()->lrs_calld_;
-        if (lrs_call != nullptr) {
-          LrsCallState* lrs_calld = lrs_call->calld();
-          if (lrs_calld != nullptr) lrs_calld->MaybeStartReportingLocked();
-        }
       }
       // Send ACK or NACK.
       SendMessageLocked(result.type);
@@ -1136,16 +1168,16 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnRecvMessage(
   xds_client()->work_serializer_.DrainQueue();
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnStatusReceived(
-    absl::Status status) {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::OnStatusReceived(absl::Status status) {
   {
     MutexLock lock(&xds_client()->mu_);
     if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
       gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
               "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: ADS call status received "
-              "(chand=%p, ads_calld=%p, call=%p): %s",
-              xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(), chand(),
-              this, call_.get(), status.ToString().c_str());
+              "(xds_channel=%p, ads_call=%p, streaming_call=%p): %s",
+              xds_client(), xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
+              xds_channel(), this, streaming_call_.get(),
+              status.ToString().c_str());
     }
     // Cancel any does-not-exist timers that may be pending.
     for (const auto& p : state_map_) {
@@ -1158,12 +1190,12 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnStatusReceived(
     // Ignore status from a stale call.
     if (IsCurrentCallOnChannel()) {
       // Try to restart the call.
-      parent_->OnCallFinishedLocked();
+      retryable_call_->OnCallFinishedLocked();
       // If we didn't receive a response on the stream, report the
       // stream failure as a connectivity failure, which will report the
       // error to all watchers of resources on this channel.
       if (!seen_response_) {
-        chand()->SetChannelStatusLocked(absl::UnavailableError(
+        xds_channel()->SetChannelStatusLocked(absl::UnavailableError(
             absl::StrCat("xDS call failed with no responses received; status: ",
                          status.ToString())));
       }
@@ -1172,15 +1204,15 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnStatusReceived(
   xds_client()->work_serializer_.DrainQueue();
 }
 
-bool XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const {
+bool XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const {
   // If the retryable ADS call is null (which only happens when the xds
   // channel is shutting down), all the ADS calls are stale.
-  if (chand()->ads_calld_ == nullptr) return false;
-  return this == chand()->ads_calld_->calld();
+  if (xds_channel()->ads_call_ == nullptr) return false;
+  return this == xds_channel()->ads_call_->call();
 }
 
 std::vector<std::string>
-XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::ResourceNamesForRequest(
+XdsClient::XdsChannel::AdsCall::ResourceNamesForRequest(
     const XdsResourceType* type) {
   std::vector<std::string> resource_names;
   auto it = state_map_.find(type);
@@ -1200,39 +1232,107 @@ XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::ResourceNamesForRequest(
 }
 
 //
-// XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter
+// XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall::Timer
 //
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::Orphan() {
-  if (timer_handle_.has_value() &&
-      xds_client()->engine()->Cancel(*timer_handle_)) {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall::Timer::Orphan() {
+  if (timer_handle_.has_value()) {
+    xds_client()->engine()->Cancel(*timer_handle_);
     timer_handle_.reset();
-    Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "Orphan");
   }
+  Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "Orphan");
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::
-    ScheduleNextReportLocked() {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall::Timer::ScheduleNextReportLocked() {
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-            "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: scheduling load report timer",
-            xds_client(), parent_->chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str());
-  }
-  timer_handle_ = xds_client()->engine()->RunAfter(report_interval_, [this]() {
-    ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
-    ExecCtx exec_ctx;
-    if (OnNextReportTimer()) {
-      Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "OnNextReportTimer()");
-    }
-  });
+            "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: scheduling next load report in %s",
+            xds_client(),
+            lrs_call_->xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
+            lrs_call_->load_reporting_interval_.ToString().c_str());
+  }
+  timer_handle_ = xds_client()->engine()->RunAfter(
+      lrs_call_->load_reporting_interval_,
+      [self = Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "timer")]() {
+        ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+        ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+        self->OnNextReportTimer();
+      });
 }
 
-bool XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::OnNextReportTimer() {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall::Timer::OnNextReportTimer() {
   MutexLock lock(&xds_client()->mu_);
   timer_handle_.reset();
-  if (!IsCurrentReporterOnCall()) return true;
-  SendReportLocked();
-  return false;
+  if (IsCurrentTimerOnCall()) lrs_call_->SendReportLocked();
+}
+
+//
+// XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall
+//
+
+XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall::LrsCall(
+    RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<LrsCall>> retryable_call)
+    : InternallyRefCounted<LrsCall>(
+          GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_refcount_trace) ? "LrsCall"
+                                                                  : nullptr),
+      retryable_call_(std::move(retryable_call)) {
+  // Init the LRS call. Note that the call will progress every time there's
+  // activity in xds_client()->interested_parties_, which is comprised of
+  // the polling entities from client_channel.
+  GPR_ASSERT(xds_client() != nullptr);
+  const char* method =
+      "/envoy.service.load_stats.v3.LoadReportingService/StreamLoadStats";
+  streaming_call_ = xds_channel()->transport_->CreateStreamingCall(
+      method, std::make_unique<StreamEventHandler>(
+                  // Passing the initial ref here.  This ref will go away when
+                  // the StreamEventHandler is destroyed.
+                  RefCountedPtr<LrsCall>(this)));
+  GPR_ASSERT(streaming_call_ != nullptr);
+  // Start the call.
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+            "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: starting LRS call (lrs_call=%p, "
+            "streaming_call=%p)",
+            xds_client(), xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(), this,
+            streaming_call_.get());
+  }
+  // Send the initial request.
+  std::string serialized_payload = xds_client()->api_.CreateLrsInitialRequest();
+  SendMessageLocked(std::move(serialized_payload));
+  // Read initial response.
+  streaming_call_->StartRecvMessage();
+}
+
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall::Orphan() {
+  timer_.reset();
+  // Note that the initial ref is held by the StreamEventHandler, which
+  // will be destroyed when streaming_call_ is destroyed, which may not happen
+  // here, since there may be other refs held to streaming_call_ by internal
+  // callbacks.
+  streaming_call_.reset();
+}
+
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall::MaybeScheduleNextReportLocked() {
+  // If there are no more registered stats to report, cancel the call.
+  auto it = xds_client()->xds_load_report_server_map_.find(
+      xds_channel()->server_.Key());
+  if (it == xds_client()->xds_load_report_server_map_.end() ||
+      it->second.load_report_map.empty()) {
+    it->second.xds_channel->StopLrsCallLocked();
+    return;
+  }
+  // Don't start if the previous send_message op hasn't completed yet.
+  // If this happens, we'll be called again from OnRequestSent().
+  if (send_message_pending_) return;
+  // Don't start if no LRS response has arrived.
+  if (!seen_response()) return;
+  // If there is no timer, create one.
+  // This happens on the initial response and whenever the interval changes.
+  if (timer_ == nullptr) {
+    timer_ = MakeOrphanable<Timer>(Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LRS timer"));
+  }
+  // Schedule the next load report.
+  timer_->ScheduleNextReportLocked();
 }
 
 namespace {
@@ -1251,142 +1351,43 @@ bool LoadReportCountersAreZero(const XdsApi::ClusterLoadReportMap& snapshot) {
 
 }  // namespace
 
-bool XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::SendReportLocked() {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall::SendReportLocked() {
   // Construct snapshot from all reported stats.
   XdsApi::ClusterLoadReportMap snapshot =
-      xds_client()->BuildLoadReportSnapshotLocked(parent_->chand()->server_,
-                                                  parent_->send_all_clusters_,
-                                                  parent_->cluster_names_);
+      xds_client()->BuildLoadReportSnapshotLocked(
+          xds_channel()->server_, send_all_clusters_, cluster_names_);
   // Skip client load report if the counters were all zero in the last
   // report and they are still zero in this one.
   const bool old_val = last_report_counters_were_zero_;
   last_report_counters_were_zero_ = LoadReportCountersAreZero(snapshot);
   if (old_val && last_report_counters_were_zero_) {
-    auto it = xds_client()->xds_load_report_server_map_.find(
-        &parent_->chand()->server_);
-    if (it == xds_client()->xds_load_report_server_map_.end() ||
-        it->second.load_report_map.empty()) {
-      it->second.channel_state->StopLrsCallLocked();
-      return true;
-    }
-    ScheduleNextReportLocked();
-    return false;
+    MaybeScheduleNextReportLocked();
+    return;
   }
   // Send a request that contains the snapshot.
   std::string serialized_payload =
       xds_client()->api_.CreateLrsRequest(std::move(snapshot));
-  parent_->call_->SendMessage(std::move(serialized_payload));
-  parent_->send_message_pending_ = true;
-  return false;
-}
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::OnReportDoneLocked() {
-  // If a reporter starts a send_message op, then the reporting interval
-  // changes and we destroy that reporter and create a new one, and then
-  // the send_message op started by the old reporter finishes, this
-  // method will be called even though it was for a completion started
-  // by the old reporter.  In that case, the timer will be pending, so
-  // we just ignore the completion and wait for the timer to fire.
-  if (timer_handle_.has_value()) return;
-  // If there are no more registered stats to report, cancel the call.
-  auto it = xds_client()->xds_load_report_server_map_.find(
-      &parent_->chand()->server_);
-  if (it == xds_client()->xds_load_report_server_map_.end()) return;
-  if (it->second.load_report_map.empty()) {
-    if (it->second.channel_state != nullptr) {
-      it->second.channel_state->StopLrsCallLocked();
-    }
-    return;
-  }
-  // Otherwise, schedule the next load report.
-  ScheduleNextReportLocked();
+  SendMessageLocked(std::move(serialized_payload));
 }
 
-//
-// XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState
-//
-
-XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::LrsCallState(
-    RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<LrsCallState>> parent)
-    : InternallyRefCounted<LrsCallState>(
-          GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_refcount_trace)
-              ? "LrsCallState"
-              : nullptr),
-      parent_(std::move(parent)) {
-  // Init the LRS call. Note that the call will progress every time there's
-  // activity in xds_client()->interested_parties_, which is comprised of
-  // the polling entities from client_channel.
-  GPR_ASSERT(xds_client() != nullptr);
-  const char* method =
-      "/envoy.service.load_stats.v3.LoadReportingService/StreamLoadStats";
-  call_ = chand()->transport_->CreateStreamingCall(
-      method, std::make_unique<StreamEventHandler>(
-                  // Passing the initial ref here.  This ref will go away when
-                  // the StreamEventHandler is destroyed.
-                  RefCountedPtr<LrsCallState>(this)));
-  GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
-  // Start the call.
-  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-            "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: starting LRS call (calld=%p, "
-            "call=%p)",
-            xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(), this,
-            call_.get());
-  }
-  // Send the initial request.
-  std::string serialized_payload = xds_client()->api_.CreateLrsInitialRequest();
-  call_->SendMessage(std::move(serialized_payload));
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall::SendMessageLocked(std::string payload) {
   send_message_pending_ = true;
+  streaming_call_->SendMessage(std::move(payload));
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Orphan() {
-  reporter_.reset();
-  // Note that the initial ref is held by the StreamEventHandler, which
-  // will be destroyed when call_ is destroyed, which may not happen
-  // here, since there may be other refs held to call_ by internal callbacks.
-  call_.reset();
-}
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::MaybeStartReportingLocked() {
-  // Don't start again if already started.
-  if (reporter_ != nullptr) return;
-  // Don't start if the previous send_message op (of the initial request or
-  // the last report of the previous reporter) hasn't completed.
-  if (call_ != nullptr && send_message_pending_) return;
-  // Don't start if no LRS response has arrived.
-  if (!seen_response()) return;
-  // Don't start if the ADS call hasn't received any valid response. Note that
-  // this must be the first channel because it is the current channel but its
-  // ADS call hasn't seen any response.
-  if (chand()->ads_calld_ == nullptr ||
-      chand()->ads_calld_->calld() == nullptr ||
-      !chand()->ads_calld_->calld()->seen_response()) {
-    return;
-  }
-  // Start reporting.
-  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: creating load reporter",
-            xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str());
-  }
-  reporter_ = MakeOrphanable<Reporter>(
-      Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LRS+load_report+start"), load_reporting_interval_);
-}
-
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnRequestSent(bool /*ok*/) {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall::OnRequestSent() {
   MutexLock lock(&xds_client()->mu_);
   send_message_pending_ = false;
-  if (reporter_ != nullptr) {
-    reporter_->OnReportDoneLocked();
-  } else {
-    MaybeStartReportingLocked();
-  }
+  if (IsCurrentCallOnChannel()) MaybeScheduleNextReportLocked();
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnRecvMessage(
-    absl::string_view payload) {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall::OnRecvMessage(absl::string_view payload) {
   MutexLock lock(&xds_client()->mu_);
   // If we're no longer the current call, ignore the result.
   if (!IsCurrentCallOnChannel()) return;
+  // Start recv after any code branch
+  auto cleanup = absl::MakeCleanup(
+      [call = streaming_call_.get()]() { call->StartRecvMessage(); });
   // Parse the response.
   bool send_all_clusters = false;
   std::set<std::string> new_cluster_names;
@@ -1397,7 +1398,7 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnRecvMessage(
   if (!status.ok()) {
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
             "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: LRS response parsing failed: %s",
-            xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
+            xds_client(), xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
             status.ToString().c_str());
     return;
   }
@@ -1408,7 +1409,7 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnRecvMessage(
         "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: LRS response received, %" PRIuPTR
         " cluster names, send_all_clusters=%d, load_report_interval=%" PRId64
         "ms",
-        xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
+        xds_client(), xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
         new_cluster_names.size(), send_all_clusters,
         new_load_reporting_interval.millis());
     size_t i = 0;
@@ -1425,7 +1426,7 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnRecvMessage(
       gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
               "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: increased load_report_interval "
               "to minimum value %dms",
-              xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
+              xds_client(), xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
               GRPC_XDS_MIN_CLIENT_LOAD_REPORTING_INTERVAL_MS);
     }
   }
@@ -1437,42 +1438,46 @@ void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnRecvMessage(
       gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
               "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: incoming LRS response identical "
               "to current, ignoring.",
-              xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str());
+              xds_client(), xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str());
     }
     return;
   }
-  // Stop current load reporting (if any) to adopt the new config.
-  reporter_.reset();
+  // If the interval has changed, we'll need to restart the timer below.
+  const bool restart_timer =
+      load_reporting_interval_ != new_load_reporting_interval;
   // Record the new config.
   send_all_clusters_ = send_all_clusters;
   cluster_names_ = std::move(new_cluster_names);
   load_reporting_interval_ = new_load_reporting_interval;
-  // Try starting sending load report.
-  MaybeStartReportingLocked();
+  // Restart timer if needed.
+  if (restart_timer) {
+    timer_.reset();
+    MaybeScheduleNextReportLocked();
+  }
 }
 
-void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnStatusReceived(
-    absl::Status status) {
+void XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall::OnStatusReceived(absl::Status status) {
   MutexLock lock(&xds_client()->mu_);
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
             "[xds_client %p] xds server %s: LRS call status received "
-            "(chand=%p, calld=%p, call=%p): %s",
-            xds_client(), chand()->server_.server_uri().c_str(), chand(), this,
-            call_.get(), status.ToString().c_str());
+            "(xds_channel=%p, lrs_call=%p, streaming_call=%p): %s",
+            xds_client(), xds_channel()->server_.server_uri().c_str(),
+            xds_channel(), this, streaming_call_.get(),
+            status.ToString().c_str());
   }
   // Ignore status from a stale call.
   if (IsCurrentCallOnChannel()) {
     // Try to restart the call.
-    parent_->OnCallFinishedLocked();
+    retryable_call_->OnCallFinishedLocked();
   }
 }
 
-bool XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const {
+bool XdsClient::XdsChannel::LrsCall::IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const {
   // If the retryable LRS call is null (which only happens when the xds
   // channel is shutting down), all the LRS calls are stale.
-  if (chand()->lrs_calld_ == nullptr) return false;
-  return this == chand()->lrs_calld_->calld();
+  if (xds_channel()->lrs_call_ == nullptr) return false;
+  return this == xds_channel()->lrs_call_->call();
 }
 
 //
@@ -1492,8 +1497,9 @@ XdsClient::XdsClient(
       transport_factory_(std::move(transport_factory)),
       request_timeout_(resource_request_timeout),
       xds_federation_enabled_(XdsFederationEnabled()),
-      api_(this, &grpc_xds_client_trace, bootstrap_->node(), &symtab_,
+      api_(this, &grpc_xds_client_trace, bootstrap_->node(), &def_pool_,
            std::move(user_agent_name), std::move(user_agent_version)),
+      work_serializer_(engine),
       engine_(std::move(engine)) {
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] creating xds client", this);
@@ -1522,24 +1528,25 @@ void XdsClient::Orphan() {
   invalid_watchers_.clear();
   // We may still be sending lingering queued load report data, so don't
   // just clear the load reporting map, but we do want to clear the refs
-  // we're holding to the ChannelState objects, to make sure that
+  // we're holding to the XdsChannel objects, to make sure that
   // everything shuts down properly.
   for (auto& p : xds_load_report_server_map_) {
-    p.second.channel_state.reset(DEBUG_LOCATION, "XdsClient::Orphan()");
+    p.second.xds_channel.reset(DEBUG_LOCATION, "XdsClient::Orphan()");
   }
 }
 
-RefCountedPtr<XdsClient::ChannelState> XdsClient::GetOrCreateChannelStateLocked(
+RefCountedPtr<XdsClient::XdsChannel> XdsClient::GetOrCreateXdsChannelLocked(
     const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& server, const char* reason) {
-  auto it = xds_server_channel_map_.find(&server);
-  if (it != xds_server_channel_map_.end()) {
+  std::string key = server.Key();
+  auto it = xds_channel_map_.find(key);
+  if (it != xds_channel_map_.end()) {
     return it->second->Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, reason);
   }
   // Channel not found, so create a new one.
-  auto channel_state = MakeRefCounted<ChannelState>(
-      WeakRef(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ChannelState"), server);
-  xds_server_channel_map_[&server] = channel_state.get();
-  return channel_state;
+  auto xds_channel =
+      MakeRefCounted<XdsChannel>(WeakRef(DEBUG_LOCATION, "XdsChannel"), server);
+  xds_channel_map_[std::move(key)] = xds_channel.get();
+  return xds_channel;
 }
 
 void XdsClient::WatchResource(const XdsResourceType* type,
@@ -1556,7 +1563,7 @@ void XdsClient::WatchResource(const XdsResourceType* type,
     work_serializer_.Run(
         [watcher = std::move(watcher), status = std::move(status)]()
             ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&work_serializer_) {
-              watcher->OnError(status);
+              watcher->OnError(status, ReadDelayHandle::NoWait());
             },
         DEBUG_LOCATION);
   };
@@ -1580,14 +1587,6 @@ void XdsClient::WatchResource(const XdsResourceType* type,
     xds_server = authority->server();
   }
   if (xds_server == nullptr) xds_server = &bootstrap_->server();
-  // Canonify the xDS server instance, so that we make sure we're using
-  // the same instance as will be used in AddClusterDropStats() and
-  // AddClusterLocalityStats().  This may yield a different result than
-  // the logic above if the same server is listed both in the authority
-  // and as the top-level server.
-  // TODO(roth): This is really ugly -- need to find a better way to
-  // index the xDS server than by address here.
-  xds_server = bootstrap_->FindXdsServer(*xds_server);
   {
     MutexLock lock(&mu_);
     MaybeRegisterResourceTypeLocked(type);
@@ -1604,12 +1603,12 @@ void XdsClient::WatchResource(const XdsResourceType* type,
                 "[xds_client %p] returning cached listener data for %s", this,
                 std::string(name).c_str());
       }
-      auto* value = type->CopyResource(resource_state.resource.get()).release();
       work_serializer_.Schedule(
-          [watcher, value]() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&work_serializer_) {
-            watcher->OnGenericResourceChanged(value);
-            delete value;
-          },
+          [watcher, value = resource_state.resource]()
+              ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&work_serializer_) {
+                watcher->OnGenericResourceChanged(value,
+                                                  ReadDelayHandle::NoWait());
+              },
           DEBUG_LOCATION);
     } else if (resource_state.meta.client_status ==
                XdsApi::ResourceMetadata::DOES_NOT_EXIST) {
@@ -1620,7 +1619,7 @@ void XdsClient::WatchResource(const XdsResourceType* type,
       }
       work_serializer_.Schedule(
           [watcher]() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&work_serializer_) {
-            watcher->OnResourceDoesNotExist();
+            watcher->OnResourceDoesNotExist(ReadDelayHandle::NoWait());
           },
           DEBUG_LOCATION);
     } else if (resource_state.meta.client_status ==
@@ -1640,18 +1639,19 @@ void XdsClient::WatchResource(const XdsResourceType* type,
       work_serializer_.Schedule(
           [watcher, details = std::move(details)]()
               ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&work_serializer_) {
-                watcher->OnError(absl::UnavailableError(
-                    absl::StrCat("invalid resource: ", details)));
+                watcher->OnError(absl::UnavailableError(absl::StrCat(
+                                     "invalid resource: ", details)),
+                                 ReadDelayHandle::NoWait());
               },
           DEBUG_LOCATION);
     }
     // If the authority doesn't yet have a channel, set it, creating it if
     // needed.
-    if (authority_state.channel_state == nullptr) {
-      authority_state.channel_state =
-          GetOrCreateChannelStateLocked(*xds_server, "start watch");
+    if (authority_state.xds_channel == nullptr) {
+      authority_state.xds_channel =
+          GetOrCreateXdsChannelLocked(*xds_server, "start watch");
     }
-    absl::Status channel_status = authority_state.channel_state->status();
+    absl::Status channel_status = authority_state.xds_channel->status();
     if (!channel_status.ok()) {
       if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
         gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
@@ -1662,11 +1662,11 @@ void XdsClient::WatchResource(const XdsResourceType* type,
       work_serializer_.Schedule(
           [watcher = std::move(watcher), status = std::move(channel_status)]()
               ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&work_serializer_) mutable {
-                watcher->OnError(std::move(status));
+                watcher->OnError(std::move(status), ReadDelayHandle::NoWait());
               },
           DEBUG_LOCATION);
     }
-    authority_state.channel_state->SubscribeLocked(type, *resource_name);
+    authority_state.xds_channel->SubscribeLocked(type, *resource_name);
   }
   work_serializer_.DrainQueue();
 }
@@ -1704,13 +1704,13 @@ void XdsClient::CancelResourceWatch(const XdsResourceType* type,
               this, std::string(type->type_url()).c_str(),
               std::string(name).c_str());
     }
-    authority_state.channel_state->UnsubscribeLocked(type, *resource_name,
-                                                     delay_unsubscription);
+    authority_state.xds_channel->UnsubscribeLocked(type, *resource_name,
+                                                   delay_unsubscription);
     type_map.erase(resource_it);
     if (type_map.empty()) {
       authority_state.resource_map.erase(type_it);
       if (authority_state.resource_map.empty()) {
-        authority_state.channel_state.reset();
+        authority_state.xds_channel.reset();
       }
     }
   }
@@ -1724,7 +1724,7 @@ void XdsClient::MaybeRegisterResourceTypeLocked(
     return;
   }
   resource_types_.emplace(resource_type->type_url(), resource_type);
-  resource_type->InitUpbSymtab(this, symtab_.ptr());
+  resource_type->InitUpbSymtab(this, def_pool_.ptr());
 }
 
 const XdsResourceType* XdsClient::GetResourceTypeLocked(
@@ -1780,23 +1780,21 @@ std::string XdsClient::ConstructFullXdsResourceName(
 RefCountedPtr<XdsClusterDropStats> XdsClient::AddClusterDropStats(
     const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& xds_server, absl::string_view cluster_name,
     absl::string_view eds_service_name) {
-  const auto* server = bootstrap_->FindXdsServer(xds_server);
-  if (server == nullptr) return nullptr;
   auto key =
       std::make_pair(std::string(cluster_name), std::string(eds_service_name));
   RefCountedPtr<XdsClusterDropStats> cluster_drop_stats;
   {
     MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-    // We jump through some hoops here to make sure that the const
-    // XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& and absl::string_views
-    // stored in the XdsClusterDropStats object point to the
-    // XdsBootstrap::XdsServer and strings
-    // in the load_report_map_ key, so that they have the same lifetime.
-    auto server_it =
-        xds_load_report_server_map_.emplace(server, LoadReportServer()).first;
-    if (server_it->second.channel_state == nullptr) {
-      server_it->second.channel_state = GetOrCreateChannelStateLocked(
-          *server, "load report map (drop stats)");
+    // We jump through some hoops here to make sure that the
+    // absl::string_views stored in the XdsClusterDropStats object point
+    // to the strings in the xds_load_report_server_map_ keys, so that
+    // they have the same lifetime.
+    auto server_it = xds_load_report_server_map_
+                         .emplace(xds_server.Key(), LoadReportServer())
+                         .first;
+    if (server_it->second.xds_channel == nullptr) {
+      server_it->second.xds_channel = GetOrCreateXdsChannelLocked(
+          xds_server, "load report map (drop stats)");
     }
     auto load_report_it = server_it->second.load_report_map
                               .emplace(std::move(key), LoadReportState())
@@ -1811,25 +1809,23 @@ RefCountedPtr<XdsClusterDropStats> XdsClient::AddClusterDropStats(
             load_report_state.drop_stats->GetSnapshotAndReset();
       }
       cluster_drop_stats = MakeRefCounted<XdsClusterDropStats>(
-          Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "DropStats"), *server,
+          Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "DropStats"), server_it->first /*xds_server*/,
           load_report_it->first.first /*cluster_name*/,
           load_report_it->first.second /*eds_service_name*/);
       load_report_state.drop_stats = cluster_drop_stats.get();
     }
-    server_it->second.channel_state->MaybeStartLrsCall();
+    server_it->second.xds_channel->MaybeStartLrsCall();
   }
   work_serializer_.DrainQueue();
   return cluster_drop_stats;
 }
 
 void XdsClient::RemoveClusterDropStats(
-    const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& xds_server, absl::string_view cluster_name,
+    absl::string_view xds_server_key, absl::string_view cluster_name,
     absl::string_view eds_service_name,
     XdsClusterDropStats* cluster_drop_stats) {
-  const auto* server = bootstrap_->FindXdsServer(xds_server);
-  if (server == nullptr) return;
   MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  auto server_it = xds_load_report_server_map_.find(server);
+  auto server_it = xds_load_report_server_map_.find(xds_server_key);
   if (server_it == xds_load_report_server_map_.end()) return;
   auto load_report_it = server_it->second.load_report_map.find(
       std::make_pair(std::string(cluster_name), std::string(eds_service_name)));
@@ -1848,23 +1844,21 @@ RefCountedPtr<XdsClusterLocalityStats> XdsClient::AddClusterLocalityStats(
     const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& xds_server, absl::string_view cluster_name,
     absl::string_view eds_service_name,
     RefCountedPtr<XdsLocalityName> locality) {
-  const auto* server = bootstrap_->FindXdsServer(xds_server);
-  if (server == nullptr) return nullptr;
   auto key =
       std::make_pair(std::string(cluster_name), std::string(eds_service_name));
   RefCountedPtr<XdsClusterLocalityStats> cluster_locality_stats;
   {
     MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-    // We jump through some hoops here to make sure that the const
-    // XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& and absl::string_views
-    // stored in the XdsClusterDropStats object point to the
-    // XdsBootstrap::XdsServer and strings
-    // in the load_report_map_ key, so that they have the same lifetime.
-    auto server_it =
-        xds_load_report_server_map_.emplace(server, LoadReportServer()).first;
-    if (server_it->second.channel_state == nullptr) {
-      server_it->second.channel_state = GetOrCreateChannelStateLocked(
-          *server, "load report map (locality stats)");
+    // We jump through some hoops here to make sure that the
+    // absl::string_views stored in the XdsClusterDropStats object point
+    // to the strings in the xds_load_report_server_map_ keys, so that
+    // they have the same lifetime.
+    auto server_it = xds_load_report_server_map_
+                         .emplace(xds_server.Key(), LoadReportServer())
+                         .first;
+    if (server_it->second.xds_channel == nullptr) {
+      server_it->second.xds_channel = GetOrCreateXdsChannelLocked(
+          xds_server, "load report map (locality stats)");
     }
     auto load_report_it = server_it->second.load_report_map
                               .emplace(std::move(key), LoadReportState())
@@ -1881,27 +1875,25 @@ RefCountedPtr<XdsClusterLocalityStats> XdsClient::AddClusterLocalityStats(
             locality_state.locality_stats->GetSnapshotAndReset();
       }
       cluster_locality_stats = MakeRefCounted<XdsClusterLocalityStats>(
-          Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LocalityStats"), *server,
+          Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LocalityStats"), server_it->first /*xds_server*/,
           load_report_it->first.first /*cluster_name*/,
           load_report_it->first.second /*eds_service_name*/,
           std::move(locality));
       locality_state.locality_stats = cluster_locality_stats.get();
     }
-    server_it->second.channel_state->MaybeStartLrsCall();
+    server_it->second.xds_channel->MaybeStartLrsCall();
   }
   work_serializer_.DrainQueue();
   return cluster_locality_stats;
 }
 
 void XdsClient::RemoveClusterLocalityStats(
-    const XdsBootstrap::XdsServer& xds_server, absl::string_view cluster_name,
+    absl::string_view xds_server_key, absl::string_view cluster_name,
     absl::string_view eds_service_name,
     const RefCountedPtr<XdsLocalityName>& locality,
     XdsClusterLocalityStats* cluster_locality_stats) {
-  const auto* server = bootstrap_->FindXdsServer(xds_server);
-  if (server == nullptr) return;
   MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  auto server_it = xds_load_report_server_map_.find(server);
+  auto server_it = xds_load_report_server_map_.find(xds_server_key);
   if (server_it == xds_load_report_server_map_.end()) return;
   auto load_report_it = server_it->second.load_report_map.find(
       std::make_pair(std::string(cluster_name), std::string(eds_service_name)));
@@ -1921,7 +1913,7 @@ void XdsClient::RemoveClusterLocalityStats(
 
 void XdsClient::ResetBackoff() {
   MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  for (auto& p : xds_server_channel_map_) {
+  for (auto& p : xds_channel_map_) {
     p.second->ResetBackoff();
   }
 }
@@ -1929,7 +1921,7 @@ void XdsClient::ResetBackoff() {
 void XdsClient::NotifyWatchersOnErrorLocked(
     const std::map<ResourceWatcherInterface*,
                    RefCountedPtr<ResourceWatcherInterface>>& watchers,
-    absl::Status status) {
+    absl::Status status, RefCountedPtr<ReadDelayHandle> read_delay_handle) {
   const auto* node = bootstrap_->node();
   if (node != nullptr) {
     status = absl::Status(
@@ -1937,10 +1929,11 @@ void XdsClient::NotifyWatchersOnErrorLocked(
         absl::StrCat(status.message(), " (node ID:", node->id(), ")"));
   }
   work_serializer_.Schedule(
-      [watchers, status = std::move(status)]()
+      [watchers, status = std::move(status),
+       read_delay_handle = std::move(read_delay_handle)]()
           ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&work_serializer_) {
             for (const auto& p : watchers) {
-              p.first->OnError(status);
+              p.first->OnError(status, read_delay_handle);
             }
           },
       DEBUG_LOCATION);
@@ -1948,13 +1941,15 @@ void XdsClient::NotifyWatchersOnErrorLocked(
 
 void XdsClient::NotifyWatchersOnResourceDoesNotExist(
     const std::map<ResourceWatcherInterface*,
-                   RefCountedPtr<ResourceWatcherInterface>>& watchers) {
+                   RefCountedPtr<ResourceWatcherInterface>>& watchers,
+    RefCountedPtr<ReadDelayHandle> read_delay_handle) {
   work_serializer_.Schedule(
-      [watchers]() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&work_serializer_) {
-        for (const auto& p : watchers) {
-          p.first->OnResourceDoesNotExist();
-        }
-      },
+      [watchers, read_delay_handle = std::move(read_delay_handle)]()
+          ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(&work_serializer_) {
+            for (const auto& p : watchers) {
+              p.first->OnResourceDoesNotExist(read_delay_handle);
+            }
+          },
       DEBUG_LOCATION);
 }
 
@@ -1965,7 +1960,7 @@ XdsApi::ClusterLoadReportMap XdsClient::BuildLoadReportSnapshotLocked(
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] start building load report", this);
   }
   XdsApi::ClusterLoadReportMap snapshot_map;
-  auto server_it = xds_load_report_server_map_.find(&xds_server);
+  auto server_it = xds_load_report_server_map_.find(xds_server.Key());
   if (server_it == xds_load_report_server_map_.end()) return snapshot_map;
   auto& load_report_map = server_it->second.load_report_map;
   for (auto load_report_it = load_report_map.begin();
@@ -2043,25 +2038,86 @@ XdsApi::ClusterLoadReportMap XdsClient::BuildLoadReportSnapshotLocked(
   return snapshot_map;
 }
 
-std::string XdsClient::DumpClientConfigBinary() {
-  MutexLock lock(&mu_);
-  XdsApi::ResourceTypeMetadataMap resource_type_metadata_map;
+namespace {
+
+google_protobuf_Timestamp* EncodeTimestamp(Timestamp value, upb_Arena* arena) {
+  google_protobuf_Timestamp* timestamp = google_protobuf_Timestamp_new(arena);
+  gpr_timespec timespec = value.as_timespec(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME);
+  google_protobuf_Timestamp_set_seconds(timestamp, timespec.tv_sec);
+  google_protobuf_Timestamp_set_nanos(timestamp, timespec.tv_nsec);
+  return timestamp;
+}
+
+void FillGenericXdsConfig(
+    const XdsApi::ResourceMetadata& metadata, upb_StringView type_url,
+    upb_StringView resource_name, upb_Arena* arena,
+    envoy_service_status_v3_ClientConfig_GenericXdsConfig* entry) {
+  envoy_service_status_v3_ClientConfig_GenericXdsConfig_set_type_url(entry,
+                                                                     type_url);
+  envoy_service_status_v3_ClientConfig_GenericXdsConfig_set_name(entry,
+                                                                 resource_name);
+  envoy_service_status_v3_ClientConfig_GenericXdsConfig_set_client_status(
+      entry, metadata.client_status);
+  if (!metadata.serialized_proto.empty()) {
+    envoy_service_status_v3_ClientConfig_GenericXdsConfig_set_version_info(
+        entry, StdStringToUpbString(metadata.version));
+    envoy_service_status_v3_ClientConfig_GenericXdsConfig_set_last_updated(
+        entry, EncodeTimestamp(metadata.update_time, arena));
+    auto* any_field =
+        envoy_service_status_v3_ClientConfig_GenericXdsConfig_mutable_xds_config(
+            entry, arena);
+    google_protobuf_Any_set_type_url(any_field, type_url);
+    google_protobuf_Any_set_value(
+        any_field, StdStringToUpbString(metadata.serialized_proto));
+  }
+  if (metadata.client_status == XdsApi::ResourceMetadata::NACKED) {
+    auto* update_failure_state = envoy_admin_v3_UpdateFailureState_new(arena);
+    envoy_admin_v3_UpdateFailureState_set_details(
+        update_failure_state, StdStringToUpbString(metadata.failed_details));
+    envoy_admin_v3_UpdateFailureState_set_version_info(
+        update_failure_state, StdStringToUpbString(metadata.failed_version));
+    envoy_admin_v3_UpdateFailureState_set_last_update_attempt(
+        update_failure_state,
+        EncodeTimestamp(metadata.failed_update_time, arena));
+    envoy_service_status_v3_ClientConfig_GenericXdsConfig_set_error_state(
+        entry, update_failure_state);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void XdsClient::DumpClientConfig(
+    std::set<std::string>* string_pool, upb_Arena* arena,
+    envoy_service_status_v3_ClientConfig* client_config) {
+  // Assemble config dump messages
+  // Fill-in the node information
+  auto* node =
+      envoy_service_status_v3_ClientConfig_mutable_node(client_config, arena);
+  api_.PopulateNode(node, arena);
+  // Dump each resource.
   for (const auto& a : authority_state_map_) {  // authority
     const std::string& authority = a.first;
     for (const auto& t : a.second.resource_map) {  // type
       const XdsResourceType* type = t.first;
-      auto& resource_metadata_map =
-          resource_type_metadata_map[type->type_url()];
+      auto it =
+          string_pool
+              ->emplace(absl::StrCat("type.googleapis.com/", type->type_url()))
+              .first;
+      upb_StringView type_url = StdStringToUpbString(*it);
       for (const auto& r : t.second) {  // resource id
-        const XdsResourceKey& resource_key = r.first;
-        const ResourceState& resource_state = r.second;
-        resource_metadata_map[ConstructFullXdsResourceName(
-            authority, type->type_url(), resource_key)] = &resource_state.meta;
+        auto it2 = string_pool
+                       ->emplace(ConstructFullXdsResourceName(
+                           authority, type->type_url(), r.first))
+                       .first;
+        upb_StringView resource_name = StdStringToUpbString(*it2);
+        envoy_service_status_v3_ClientConfig_GenericXdsConfig* entry =
+            envoy_service_status_v3_ClientConfig_add_generic_xds_configs(
+                client_config, arena);
+        FillGenericXdsConfig(r.second.meta, type_url, resource_name, arena,
+                             entry);
       }
     }
   }
-  // Assemble config dump messages
-  return api_.AssembleClientConfig(resource_type_metadata_map);
 }
 
 }  // namespace grpc_core