grpc 1.48.0 → 1.56.0

data/third_party/upb/upb/mem/arena.c

@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2021, Google LLC
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google LLC nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Google LLC BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
+ * INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include "upb/mem/arena_internal.h"
+#include "upb/port/atomic.h"
+
+// Must be last.
+#include "upb/port/def.inc"
+
+struct _upb_MemBlock {
+  // Atomic only for the benefit of SpaceAllocated().
+  UPB_ATOMIC(_upb_MemBlock*) next;
+  uint32_t size;
+  // Data follows.
+};
+
+static const size_t memblock_reserve =
+    UPB_ALIGN_UP(sizeof(_upb_MemBlock), UPB_MALLOC_ALIGN);
+
+typedef struct _upb_ArenaRoot {
+  upb_Arena* root;
+  uintptr_t tagged_count;
+} _upb_ArenaRoot;
+
+static _upb_ArenaRoot _upb_Arena_FindRoot(upb_Arena* a) {
+  uintptr_t poc = upb_Atomic_Load(&a->parent_or_count, memory_order_acquire);
+  while (_upb_Arena_IsTaggedPointer(poc)) {
+    upb_Arena* next = _upb_Arena_PointerFromTagged(poc);
+    UPB_ASSERT(a != next);
+    uintptr_t next_poc =
+        upb_Atomic_Load(&next->parent_or_count, memory_order_acquire);
+
+    if (_upb_Arena_IsTaggedPointer(next_poc)) {
+      // To keep complexity down, we lazily collapse levels of the tree.  This
+      // keeps it flat in the final case, but doesn't cost much incrementally.
+      //
+      // Path splitting keeps time complexity down, see:
+      //   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint-set_data_structure
+      //
+      // We can safely use a relaxed atomic here because all threads doing this
+      // will converge on the same value and we don't need memory orderings to
+      // be visible.
+      //
+      // This is true because:
+      // - If no fuses occur, this will eventually become the root.
+      // - If fuses are actively occuring, the root may change, but the
+      //   invariant is that `parent_or_count` merely points to *a* parent.
+      //
+      // In other words, it is moving towards "the" root, and that root may move
+      // further away over time, but the path towards that root will continue to
+      // be valid and the creation of the path carries all the memory orderings
+      // required.
+      UPB_ASSERT(a != _upb_Arena_PointerFromTagged(next_poc));
+      upb_Atomic_Store(&a->parent_or_count, next_poc, memory_order_relaxed);
+    }
+    a = next;
+    poc = next_poc;
+  }
+  return (_upb_ArenaRoot){.root = a, .tagged_count = poc};
+}
+
+size_t upb_Arena_SpaceAllocated(upb_Arena* arena) {
+  arena = _upb_Arena_FindRoot(arena).root;
+  size_t memsize = 0;
+
+  while (arena != NULL) {
+    _upb_MemBlock* block =
+        upb_Atomic_Load(&arena->blocks, memory_order_relaxed);
+    while (block != NULL) {
+      memsize += sizeof(_upb_MemBlock) + block->size;
+      block = upb_Atomic_Load(&block->next, memory_order_relaxed);
+    }
+    arena = upb_Atomic_Load(&arena->next, memory_order_relaxed);
+  }
+
+  return memsize;
+}
+
+uint32_t upb_Arena_DebugRefCount(upb_Arena* a) {
+  // These loads could probably be relaxed, but given that this is debug-only,
+  // it's not worth introducing a new variant for it.
+  uintptr_t poc = upb_Atomic_Load(&a->parent_or_count, memory_order_acquire);
+  while (_upb_Arena_IsTaggedPointer(poc)) {
+    a = _upb_Arena_PointerFromTagged(poc);
+    poc = upb_Atomic_Load(&a->parent_or_count, memory_order_acquire);
+  }
+  return _upb_Arena_RefCountFromTagged(poc);
+}
+
+static void upb_Arena_AddBlock(upb_Arena* a, void* ptr, size_t size) {
+  _upb_MemBlock* block = ptr;
+
+  // Insert into linked list.
+  block->size = (uint32_t)size;
+  upb_Atomic_Init(&block->next, a->blocks);
+  upb_Atomic_Store(&a->blocks, block, memory_order_release);
+
+  a->head.ptr = UPB_PTR_AT(block, memblock_reserve, char);
+  a->head.end = UPB_PTR_AT(block, size, char);
+
+  UPB_POISON_MEMORY_REGION(a->head.ptr, a->head.end - a->head.ptr);
+}
+
+static bool upb_Arena_AllocBlock(upb_Arena* a, size_t size) {
+  if (!a->block_alloc) return false;
+  _upb_MemBlock* last_block = upb_Atomic_Load(&a->blocks, memory_order_acquire);
+  size_t last_size = last_block != NULL ? last_block->size : 128;
+  size_t block_size = UPB_MAX(size, last_size * 2) + memblock_reserve;
+  _upb_MemBlock* block = upb_malloc(upb_Arena_BlockAlloc(a), block_size);
+
+  if (!block) return false;
+  upb_Arena_AddBlock(a, block, block_size);
+  return true;
+}
+
+void* _upb_Arena_SlowMalloc(upb_Arena* a, size_t size) {
+  if (!upb_Arena_AllocBlock(a, size)) return NULL; /* Out of memory. */
+  UPB_ASSERT(_upb_ArenaHas(a) >= size);
+  return upb_Arena_Malloc(a, size);
+}
+
+/* Public Arena API ***********************************************************/
+
+static upb_Arena* upb_Arena_InitSlow(upb_alloc* alloc) {
+  const size_t first_block_overhead = sizeof(upb_Arena) + memblock_reserve;
+  upb_Arena* a;
+
+  /* We need to malloc the initial block. */
+  char* mem;
+  size_t n = first_block_overhead + 256;
+  if (!alloc || !(mem = upb_malloc(alloc, n))) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  a = UPB_PTR_AT(mem, n - sizeof(*a), upb_Arena);
+  n -= sizeof(*a);
+
+  a->block_alloc = upb_Arena_MakeBlockAlloc(alloc, 0);
+  upb_Atomic_Init(&a->parent_or_count, _upb_Arena_TaggedFromRefcount(1));
+  upb_Atomic_Init(&a->next, NULL);
+  upb_Atomic_Init(&a->tail, a);
+  upb_Atomic_Init(&a->blocks, NULL);
+
+  upb_Arena_AddBlock(a, mem, n);
+
+  return a;
+}
+
+upb_Arena* upb_Arena_Init(void* mem, size_t n, upb_alloc* alloc) {
+  upb_Arena* a;
+
+  if (n) {
+    /* Align initial pointer up so that we return properly-aligned pointers. */
+    void* aligned = (void*)UPB_ALIGN_UP((uintptr_t)mem, UPB_MALLOC_ALIGN);
+    size_t delta = (uintptr_t)aligned - (uintptr_t)mem;
+    n = delta <= n ? n - delta : 0;
+    mem = aligned;
+  }
+
+  /* Round block size down to alignof(*a) since we will allocate the arena
+   * itself at the end. */
+  n = UPB_ALIGN_DOWN(n, UPB_ALIGN_OF(upb_Arena));
+
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY(n < sizeof(upb_Arena))) {
+    return upb_Arena_InitSlow(alloc);
+  }
+
+  a = UPB_PTR_AT(mem, n - sizeof(*a), upb_Arena);
+
+  upb_Atomic_Init(&a->parent_or_count, _upb_Arena_TaggedFromRefcount(1));
+  upb_Atomic_Init(&a->next, NULL);
+  upb_Atomic_Init(&a->tail, a);
+  upb_Atomic_Init(&a->blocks, NULL);
+  a->block_alloc = upb_Arena_MakeBlockAlloc(alloc, 1);
+  a->head.ptr = mem;
+  a->head.end = UPB_PTR_AT(mem, n - sizeof(*a), char);
+
+  return a;
+}
+
+static void arena_dofree(upb_Arena* a) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(_upb_Arena_RefCountFromTagged(a->parent_or_count) == 1);
+
+  while (a != NULL) {
+    // Load first since arena itself is likely from one of its blocks.
+    upb_Arena* next_arena =
+        (upb_Arena*)upb_Atomic_Load(&a->next, memory_order_acquire);
+    upb_alloc* block_alloc = upb_Arena_BlockAlloc(a);
+    _upb_MemBlock* block = upb_Atomic_Load(&a->blocks, memory_order_acquire);
+    while (block != NULL) {
+      // Load first since we are deleting block.
+      _upb_MemBlock* next_block =
+          upb_Atomic_Load(&block->next, memory_order_acquire);
+      upb_free(block_alloc, block);
+      block = next_block;
+    }
+    a = next_arena;
+  }
+}
+
+void upb_Arena_Free(upb_Arena* a) {
+  uintptr_t poc = upb_Atomic_Load(&a->parent_or_count, memory_order_acquire);
+retry:
+  while (_upb_Arena_IsTaggedPointer(poc)) {
+    a = _upb_Arena_PointerFromTagged(poc);
+    poc = upb_Atomic_Load(&a->parent_or_count, memory_order_acquire);
+  }
+
+  // compare_exchange or fetch_sub are RMW operations, which are more
+  // expensive then direct loads.  As an optimization, we only do RMW ops
+  // when we need to update things for other threads to see.
+  if (poc == _upb_Arena_TaggedFromRefcount(1)) {
+    arena_dofree(a);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (upb_Atomic_CompareExchangeWeak(
+          &a->parent_or_count, &poc,
+          _upb_Arena_TaggedFromRefcount(_upb_Arena_RefCountFromTagged(poc) - 1),
+          memory_order_release, memory_order_acquire)) {
+    // We were >1 and we decremented it successfully, so we are done.
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // We failed our update, so someone has done something, retry the whole
+  // process, but the failed exchange reloaded `poc` for us.
+  goto retry;
+}
+
+static void _upb_Arena_DoFuseArenaLists(upb_Arena* const parent,
+                                        upb_Arena* child) {
+  upb_Arena* parent_tail = upb_Atomic_Load(&parent->tail, memory_order_relaxed);
+  do {
+    // Our tail might be stale, but it will always converge to the true tail.
+    upb_Arena* parent_tail_next =
+        upb_Atomic_Load(&parent_tail->next, memory_order_relaxed);
+    while (parent_tail_next != NULL) {
+      parent_tail = parent_tail_next;
+      parent_tail_next =
+          upb_Atomic_Load(&parent_tail->next, memory_order_relaxed);
+    }
+
+    upb_Arena* displaced =
+        upb_Atomic_Exchange(&parent_tail->next, child, memory_order_relaxed);
+    parent_tail = upb_Atomic_Load(&child->tail, memory_order_relaxed);
+
+    // If we displaced something that got installed racily, we can simply
+    // reinstall it on our new tail.
+    child = displaced;
+  } while (child != NULL);
+
+  upb_Atomic_Store(&parent->tail, parent_tail, memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+static upb_Arena* _upb_Arena_DoFuse(upb_Arena* a1, upb_Arena* a2,
+                                    uintptr_t* ref_delta) {
+  // `parent_or_count` has two disctint modes
+  // -  parent pointer mode
+  // -  refcount mode
+  //
+  // In parent pointer mode, it may change what pointer it refers to in the
+  // tree, but it will always approach a root.  Any operation that walks the
+  // tree to the root may collapse levels of the tree concurrently.
+  _upb_ArenaRoot r1 = _upb_Arena_FindRoot(a1);
+  _upb_ArenaRoot r2 = _upb_Arena_FindRoot(a2);
+
+  if (r1.root == r2.root) return r1.root;  // Already fused.
+
+  // Avoid cycles by always fusing into the root with the lower address.
+  if ((uintptr_t)r1.root > (uintptr_t)r2.root) {
+    _upb_ArenaRoot tmp = r1;
+    r1 = r2;
+    r2 = tmp;
+  }
+
+  // The moment we install `r1` as the parent for `r2` all racing frees may
+  // immediately begin decrementing `r1`'s refcount (including pending
+  // increments to that refcount and their frees!).  We need to add `r2`'s refs
+  // now, so that `r1` can withstand any unrefs that come from r2.
+  //
+  // Note that while it is possible for `r2`'s refcount to increase
+  // asynchronously, we will not actually do the reparenting operation below
+  // unless `r2`'s refcount is unchanged from when we read it.
+  //
+  // Note that we may have done this previously, either to this node or a
+  // different node, during a previous and failed DoFuse() attempt. But we will
+  // not lose track of these refs because we always add them to our overall
+  // delta.
+  uintptr_t r2_untagged_count = r2.tagged_count & ~1;
+  uintptr_t with_r2_refs = r1.tagged_count + r2_untagged_count;
+  if (!upb_Atomic_CompareExchangeStrong(
+          &r1.root->parent_or_count, &r1.tagged_count, with_r2_refs,
+          memory_order_release, memory_order_acquire)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Perform the actual fuse by removing the refs from `r2` and swapping in the
+  // parent pointer.
+  if (!upb_Atomic_CompareExchangeStrong(
+          &r2.root->parent_or_count, &r2.tagged_count,
+          _upb_Arena_TaggedFromPointer(r1.root), memory_order_release,
+          memory_order_acquire)) {
+    // We'll need to remove the excess refs we added to r1 previously.
+    *ref_delta += r2_untagged_count;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Now that the fuse has been performed (and can no longer fail) we need to
+  // append `r2` to `r1`'s linked list.
+  _upb_Arena_DoFuseArenaLists(r1.root, r2.root);
+  return r1.root;
+}
+
+static bool _upb_Arena_FixupRefs(upb_Arena* new_root, uintptr_t ref_delta) {
+  if (ref_delta == 0) return true;  // No fixup required.
+  uintptr_t poc =
+      upb_Atomic_Load(&new_root->parent_or_count, memory_order_relaxed);
+  if (_upb_Arena_IsTaggedPointer(poc)) return false;
+  uintptr_t with_refs = poc - ref_delta;
+  UPB_ASSERT(!_upb_Arena_IsTaggedPointer(with_refs));
+  return upb_Atomic_CompareExchangeStrong(&new_root->parent_or_count, &poc,
+                                          with_refs, memory_order_relaxed,
+                                          memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+bool upb_Arena_Fuse(upb_Arena* a1, upb_Arena* a2) {
+  if (a1 == a2) return true;  // trivial fuse
+
+  // Do not fuse initial blocks since we cannot lifetime extend them.
+  // Any other fuse scenario is allowed.
+  if (upb_Arena_HasInitialBlock(a1) || upb_Arena_HasInitialBlock(a2)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // The number of refs we ultimately need to transfer to the new root.
+  uintptr_t ref_delta = 0;
+  while (true) {
+    upb_Arena* new_root = _upb_Arena_DoFuse(a1, a2, &ref_delta);
+    if (new_root != NULL && _upb_Arena_FixupRefs(new_root, ref_delta)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+}

data/third_party/upb/upb/mem/arena.h

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2021, Google LLC
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google LLC nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Google LLC BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
+ * INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/* upb_Arena is a specific allocator implementation that uses arena allocation.
+ * The user provides an allocator that will be used to allocate the underlying
+ * arena blocks.  Arenas by nature do not require the individual allocations
+ * to be freed.  However the Arena does allow users to register cleanup
+ * functions that will run when the arena is destroyed.
+ *
+ * A upb_Arena is *not* thread-safe.
+ *
+ * You could write a thread-safe arena allocator that satisfies the
+ * upb_alloc interface, but it would not be as efficient for the
+ * single-threaded case. */
+
+#ifndef UPB_MEM_ARENA_H_
+#define UPB_MEM_ARENA_H_
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "upb/mem/alloc.h"
+
+// Must be last.
+#include "upb/port/def.inc"
+
+typedef struct upb_Arena upb_Arena;
+
+// LINT.IfChange(arena_head)
+
+typedef struct {
+  char *ptr, *end;
+} _upb_ArenaHead;
+
+// LINT.ThenChange(//depot/google3/third_party/upb/js/impl/upb_bits/arena.ts:arena_head)
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// Creates an arena from the given initial block (if any -- n may be 0).
+// Additional blocks will be allocated from |alloc|.  If |alloc| is NULL, this
+// is a fixed-size arena and cannot grow.
+UPB_API upb_Arena* upb_Arena_Init(void* mem, size_t n, upb_alloc* alloc);
+
+UPB_API void upb_Arena_Free(upb_Arena* a);
+UPB_API bool upb_Arena_Fuse(upb_Arena* a, upb_Arena* b);
+
+void* _upb_Arena_SlowMalloc(upb_Arena* a, size_t size);
+size_t upb_Arena_SpaceAllocated(upb_Arena* arena);
+uint32_t upb_Arena_DebugRefCount(upb_Arena* arena);
+
+UPB_INLINE size_t _upb_ArenaHas(upb_Arena* a) {
+  _upb_ArenaHead* h = (_upb_ArenaHead*)a;
+  return (size_t)(h->end - h->ptr);
+}
+
+UPB_API_INLINE void* upb_Arena_Malloc(upb_Arena* a, size_t size) {
+  size = UPB_ALIGN_MALLOC(size);
+  if (UPB_UNLIKELY(_upb_ArenaHas(a) < size)) {
+    return _upb_Arena_SlowMalloc(a, size);
+  }
+
+  // We have enough space to do a fast malloc.
+  _upb_ArenaHead* h = (_upb_ArenaHead*)a;
+  void* ret = h->ptr;
+  UPB_ASSERT(UPB_ALIGN_MALLOC((uintptr_t)ret) == (uintptr_t)ret);
+  UPB_ASSERT(UPB_ALIGN_MALLOC(size) == size);
+  UPB_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(ret, size);
+
+  h->ptr += size;
+
+#if UPB_ASAN
+  {
+    size_t guard_size = 32;
+    if (_upb_ArenaHas(a) >= guard_size) {
+      h->ptr += guard_size;
+    } else {
+      h->ptr = h->end;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// Shrinks the last alloc from arena.
+// REQUIRES: (ptr, oldsize) was the last malloc/realloc from this arena.
+// We could also add a upb_Arena_TryShrinkLast() which is simply a no-op if
+// this was not the last alloc.
+UPB_API_INLINE void upb_Arena_ShrinkLast(upb_Arena* a, void* ptr,
+                                         size_t oldsize, size_t size) {
+  _upb_ArenaHead* h = (_upb_ArenaHead*)a;
+  oldsize = UPB_ALIGN_MALLOC(oldsize);
+  size = UPB_ALIGN_MALLOC(size);
+  UPB_ASSERT((char*)ptr + oldsize == h->ptr);  // Must be the last alloc.
+  UPB_ASSERT(size <= oldsize);
+  h->ptr = (char*)ptr + size;
+}
+
+UPB_API_INLINE void* upb_Arena_Realloc(upb_Arena* a, void* ptr, size_t oldsize,
+                                       size_t size) {
+  _upb_ArenaHead* h = (_upb_ArenaHead*)a;
+  oldsize = UPB_ALIGN_MALLOC(oldsize);
+  size = UPB_ALIGN_MALLOC(size);
+  bool is_most_recent_alloc = (uintptr_t)ptr + oldsize == (uintptr_t)h->ptr;
+
+  if (is_most_recent_alloc) {
+    ptrdiff_t diff = size - oldsize;
+    if ((ptrdiff_t)_upb_ArenaHas(a) >= diff) {
+      h->ptr += diff;
+      return ptr;
+    }
+  } else if (size <= oldsize) {
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
+  void* ret = upb_Arena_Malloc(a, size);
+
+  if (ret && oldsize > 0) {
+    memcpy(ret, ptr, UPB_MIN(oldsize, size));
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+UPB_API_INLINE upb_Arena* upb_Arena_New(void) {
+  return upb_Arena_Init(NULL, 0, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+} /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#include "upb/port/undef.inc"
+
+#endif /* UPB_MEM_ARENA_H_ */

data/third_party/upb/upb/mem/arena_internal.h

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2021, Google LLC
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google LLC nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Google LLC BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
+ * INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef UPB_MEM_ARENA_INTERNAL_H_
+#define UPB_MEM_ARENA_INTERNAL_H_
+
+#include "upb/mem/arena.h"
+
+// Must be last.
+#include "upb/port/def.inc"
+
+typedef struct _upb_MemBlock _upb_MemBlock;
+
+struct upb_Arena {
+  _upb_ArenaHead head;
+
+  // upb_alloc* together with a low bit which signals if there is an initial
+  // block.
+  uintptr_t block_alloc;
+
+  // When multiple arenas are fused together, each arena points to a parent
+  // arena (root points to itself). The root tracks how many live arenas
+  // reference it.
+
+  // The low bit is tagged:
+  //   0: pointer to parent
+  //   1: count, left shifted by one
+  UPB_ATOMIC(uintptr_t) parent_or_count;
+
+  // All nodes that are fused together are in a singly-linked list.
+  UPB_ATOMIC(upb_Arena*) next;  // NULL at end of list.
+
+  // The last element of the linked list.  This is present only as an
+  // optimization, so that we do not have to iterate over all members for every
+  // fuse.  Only significant for an arena root.  In other cases it is ignored.
+  UPB_ATOMIC(upb_Arena*) tail;  // == self when no other list members.
+
+  // Linked list of blocks to free/cleanup.  Atomic only for the benefit of
+  // upb_Arena_SpaceAllocated().
+  UPB_ATOMIC(_upb_MemBlock*) blocks;
+};
+
+UPB_INLINE bool _upb_Arena_IsTaggedRefcount(uintptr_t parent_or_count) {
+  return (parent_or_count & 1) == 1;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool _upb_Arena_IsTaggedPointer(uintptr_t parent_or_count) {
+  return (parent_or_count & 1) == 0;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE uintptr_t _upb_Arena_RefCountFromTagged(uintptr_t parent_or_count) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(_upb_Arena_IsTaggedRefcount(parent_or_count));
+  return parent_or_count >> 1;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE uintptr_t _upb_Arena_TaggedFromRefcount(uintptr_t refcount) {
+  uintptr_t parent_or_count = (refcount << 1) | 1;
+  UPB_ASSERT(_upb_Arena_IsTaggedRefcount(parent_or_count));
+  return parent_or_count;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_Arena* _upb_Arena_PointerFromTagged(uintptr_t parent_or_count) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(_upb_Arena_IsTaggedPointer(parent_or_count));
+  return (upb_Arena*)parent_or_count;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE uintptr_t _upb_Arena_TaggedFromPointer(upb_Arena* a) {
+  uintptr_t parent_or_count = (uintptr_t)a;
+  UPB_ASSERT(_upb_Arena_IsTaggedPointer(parent_or_count));
+  return parent_or_count;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_alloc* upb_Arena_BlockAlloc(upb_Arena* arena) {
+  return (upb_alloc*)(arena->block_alloc & ~0x1);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE uintptr_t upb_Arena_MakeBlockAlloc(upb_alloc* alloc,
+                                              bool has_initial) {
+  uintptr_t alloc_uint = (uintptr_t)alloc;
+  UPB_ASSERT((alloc_uint & 1) == 0);
+  return alloc_uint | (has_initial ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_Arena_HasInitialBlock(upb_Arena* arena) {
+  return arena->block_alloc & 0x1;
+}
+
+#include "upb/port/undef.inc"
+
+#endif /* UPB_MEM_ARENA_INTERNAL_H_ */