grpc 1.47.0 → 1.57.0

data/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.cc

@@ -21,16 +21,20 @@
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <initializer_list>
 #include <memory>
 #include <new>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "absl/base/attributes.h"
+#include "absl/container/flat_hash_map.h"
+#include "absl/hash/hash.h"
+#include "absl/meta/type_traits.h"
 #include "absl/status/status.h"
 #include "absl/strings/cord.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
@@ -38,14 +42,16 @@
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 #include "absl/types/optional.h"
 
-#include <grpc/impl/codegen/connectivity_state.h>
+#include <grpc/event_engine/event_engine.h>
+#include <grpc/grpc.h>
+#include <grpc/impl/connectivity_state.h>
 #include <grpc/slice_buffer.h>
 #include <grpc/status.h>
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
-#include <grpc/support/atm.h>
 #include <grpc/support/log.h>
+#include <grpc/support/time.h>
 
-#include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/context_list.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/context_list_entry.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/flow_control.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_data.h"
@@ -53,38 +59,37 @@
 #include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_rst_stream.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/hpack_encoder.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/http2_settings.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/http_trace.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/internal.h"
-#include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/stream_map.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/varint.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/channel/call_tracer.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_stack_builder.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/channel/context.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/debug/stats.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/debug/stats_data.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/experiments/experiments.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gpr/useful.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gprpp/bitset.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/crash.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gprpp/debug_location.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/global_config_env.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/manual_constructor.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/orphanable.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gprpp/ref_counted.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/status_helper.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gprpp/time.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/http/parser.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/combiner.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/error.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/exec_ctx.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/iomgr_fwd.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/timer.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/profiling/timers.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/resource_quota/api.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/port.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/promise/poll.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/resource_quota/arena.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/resource_quota/memory_quota.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/resource_quota/resource_quota.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/resource_quota/trace.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/slice/slice.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_buffer.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_internal.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_refcount.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/transport/bdp_estimator.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/transport/byte_stream.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/transport/connectivity_state.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/transport/error_utils.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/transport/http2_errors.h"
@@ -93,50 +98,37 @@
 #include "src/core/lib/transport/transport.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/transport/transport_impl.h"
 
-GPR_GLOBAL_CONFIG_DEFINE_BOOL(
-    grpc_experimental_disable_flow_control, false,
-    "If set, flow control will be effectively disabled. Max out all values and "
-    "assume the remote peer does the same. Thus we can ignore any flow control "
-    "bookkeeping, error checking, and decision making");
+#ifdef GRPC_POSIX_SOCKET_TCP
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_posix.h"
+#endif
 
 #define DEFAULT_CONNECTION_WINDOW_TARGET (1024 * 1024)
 #define MAX_WINDOW 0x7fffffffu
 #define MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE (64 * 1024 * 1024)
-#define DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE (8 * 1024)
+#define DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE (16 * 1024)
+#define DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE_SOFT_LIMIT (8 * 1024)
 
-#define DEFAULT_CLIENT_KEEPALIVE_TIME_MS INT_MAX
-#define DEFAULT_CLIENT_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS 20000 /* 20 seconds */
-#define DEFAULT_SERVER_KEEPALIVE_TIME_MS 7200000  /* 2 hours */
-#define DEFAULT_SERVER_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS 20000 /* 20 seconds */
-#define DEFAULT_KEEPALIVE_PERMIT_WITHOUT_CALLS false
 #define KEEPALIVE_TIME_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER 2
 
-#define DEFAULT_MIN_RECV_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS 300000 /* 5 minutes */
-#define DEFAULT_MAX_PINGS_BETWEEN_DATA 2
-#define DEFAULT_MAX_PING_STRIKES 2
-
 #define DEFAULT_MAX_PENDING_INDUCED_FRAMES 10000
 
-static int g_default_client_keepalive_time_ms =
-    DEFAULT_CLIENT_KEEPALIVE_TIME_MS;
-static int g_default_client_keepalive_timeout_ms =
-    DEFAULT_CLIENT_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS;
-static int g_default_server_keepalive_time_ms =
-    DEFAULT_SERVER_KEEPALIVE_TIME_MS;
-static int g_default_server_keepalive_timeout_ms =
-    DEFAULT_SERVER_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS;
-static bool g_default_client_keepalive_permit_without_calls =
-    DEFAULT_KEEPALIVE_PERMIT_WITHOUT_CALLS;
-static bool g_default_server_keepalive_permit_without_calls =
-    DEFAULT_KEEPALIVE_PERMIT_WITHOUT_CALLS;
-
-static int g_default_min_recv_ping_interval_without_data_ms =
-    DEFAULT_MIN_RECV_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS;
-static int g_default_max_pings_without_data = DEFAULT_MAX_PINGS_BETWEEN_DATA;
-static int g_default_max_ping_strikes = DEFAULT_MAX_PING_STRIKES;
+static grpc_core::Duration g_default_client_keepalive_time =
+    grpc_core::Duration::Infinity();
+static grpc_core::Duration g_default_client_keepalive_timeout =
+    grpc_core::Duration::Seconds(20);
+static grpc_core::Duration g_default_server_keepalive_time =
+    grpc_core::Duration::Hours(2);
+static grpc_core::Duration g_default_server_keepalive_timeout =
+    grpc_core::Duration::Seconds(20);
+static bool g_default_client_keepalive_permit_without_calls = false;
+static bool g_default_server_keepalive_permit_without_calls = false;
+
+static grpc_core::Duration g_default_min_recv_ping_interval_without_data =
+    grpc_core::Duration::Minutes(5);
+static int g_default_max_pings_without_data = 2;
+static int g_default_max_ping_strikes = 2;
 
 #define MAX_CLIENT_STREAM_ID 0x7fffffffu
-grpc_core::TraceFlag grpc_http_trace(false, "http");
 grpc_core::TraceFlag grpc_keepalive_trace(false, "http_keepalive");
 grpc_core::DebugOnlyTraceFlag grpc_trace_chttp2_refcount(false,
                                                          "chttp2_refcount");
@@ -151,8 +143,6 @@ static void read_action(void* t, grpc_error_handle error);
 static void read_action_locked(void* t, grpc_error_handle error);
 static void continue_read_action_locked(grpc_chttp2_transport* t);
 
-static void complete_fetch(void* gs, grpc_error_handle error);
-static void complete_fetch_locked(void* gs, grpc_error_handle error);
 // Set a transport level setting, and push it to our peer
 static void queue_setting_update(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                                  grpc_chttp2_setting_id id, uint32_t value);
@@ -183,26 +173,43 @@ static void start_bdp_ping(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error);
 static void finish_bdp_ping(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error);
 static void start_bdp_ping_locked(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error);
 static void finish_bdp_ping_locked(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error);
-static void next_bdp_ping_timer_expired(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error);
-static void next_bdp_ping_timer_expired_locked(void* tp,
-                                               grpc_error_handle error);
+static void next_bdp_ping_timer_expired(grpc_chttp2_transport* t);
+static void next_bdp_ping_timer_expired_locked(
+    void* tp, GRPC_UNUSED grpc_error_handle error);
 
 static void cancel_pings(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, grpc_error_handle error);
 static void send_ping_locked(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                              grpc_closure* on_initiate, grpc_closure* on_ack);
-static void retry_initiate_ping_locked(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error);
+static void retry_initiate_ping_locked(void* tp,
+                                       GRPC_UNUSED grpc_error_handle error);
 
 // keepalive-relevant functions
-static void init_keepalive_ping(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
-static void init_keepalive_ping_locked(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
+static void init_keepalive_ping(grpc_chttp2_transport* t);
+static void init_keepalive_ping_locked(void* arg,
+                                       GRPC_UNUSED grpc_error_handle error);
 static void start_keepalive_ping(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
 static void finish_keepalive_ping(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
 static void start_keepalive_ping_locked(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
 static void finish_keepalive_ping_locked(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
-static void keepalive_watchdog_fired(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
-static void keepalive_watchdog_fired_locked(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
+static void keepalive_watchdog_fired(grpc_chttp2_transport* t);
+static void keepalive_watchdog_fired_locked(
+    void* arg, GRPC_UNUSED grpc_error_handle error);
+static void maybe_reset_keepalive_ping_timer_locked(grpc_chttp2_transport* t);
+
+namespace {
+grpc_core::CallTracerInterface* CallTracerIfEnabled(grpc_chttp2_stream* s) {
+  if (s->context == nullptr || !grpc_core::IsTraceRecordCallopsEnabled()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return static_cast<grpc_core::CallTracerInterface*>(
+      static_cast<grpc_call_context_element*>(
+          s->context)[GRPC_CONTEXT_CALL_TRACER_ANNOTATION_INTERFACE]
+          .value);
+}
 
-static void reset_byte_stream(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
+grpc_core::WriteTimestampsCallback g_write_timestamps_callback = nullptr;
+grpc_core::CopyContextFn g_get_copied_context_fn = nullptr;
+}  // namespace
 
 namespace grpc_core {
 
@@ -228,6 +235,40 @@ void TestOnlyGlobalHttp2TransportDisableTransientFailureStateNotification(
   test_only_disable_transient_failure_state_notification = disable;
 }
 
+void GrpcHttp2SetWriteTimestampsCallback(WriteTimestampsCallback fn) {
+  g_write_timestamps_callback = fn;
+}
+
+void GrpcHttp2SetCopyContextFn(CopyContextFn fn) {
+  g_get_copied_context_fn = fn;
+}
+
+WriteTimestampsCallback GrpcHttp2GetWriteTimestampsCallback() {
+  return g_write_timestamps_callback;
+}
+
+CopyContextFn GrpcHttp2GetCopyContextFn() { return g_get_copied_context_fn; }
+
+// For each entry in the passed ContextList, it executes the function set using
+// GrpcHttp2SetWriteTimestampsCallback method with each context in the list
+// and \a ts. It also deletes/frees up the passed ContextList after this
+// operation.
+void ForEachContextListEntryExecute(void* arg, Timestamps* ts,
+                                    grpc_error_handle error) {
+  ContextList* context_list = reinterpret_cast<ContextList*>(arg);
+  if (!context_list) {
+    return;
+  }
+  for (auto it = context_list->begin(); it != context_list->end(); it++) {
+    ContextListEntry& entry = (*it);
+    if (ts) {
+      ts->byte_offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(entry.ByteOffsetInStream());
+    }
+    g_write_timestamps_callback(entry.TraceContext(), ts, error);
+  }
+  delete context_list;
+}
+
 }  // namespace grpc_core
 
 //
@@ -237,25 +278,27 @@ void TestOnlyGlobalHttp2TransportDisableTransientFailureStateNotification(
 grpc_chttp2_transport::~grpc_chttp2_transport() {
   size_t i;
 
+  event_engine.reset();
+
   if (channelz_socket != nullptr) {
     channelz_socket.reset();
   }
 
   grpc_endpoint_destroy(ep);
 
-  grpc_slice_buffer_destroy_internal(&qbuf);
+  grpc_slice_buffer_destroy(&qbuf);
 
-  grpc_slice_buffer_destroy_internal(&outbuf);
+  grpc_slice_buffer_destroy(&outbuf);
 
-  grpc_error_handle error =
-      GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("Transport destroyed");
+  grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("Transport destroyed");
   // ContextList::Execute follows semantics of a callback function and does not
   // take a ref on error
-  grpc_core::ContextList::Execute(cl, nullptr, error);
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
+  if (cl != nullptr) {
+    grpc_core::ForEachContextListEntryExecute(cl, nullptr, error);
+  }
   cl = nullptr;
 
-  grpc_slice_buffer_destroy_internal(&read_buffer);
+  grpc_slice_buffer_destroy(&read_buffer);
   grpc_chttp2_goaway_parser_destroy(&goaway_parser);
 
   for (i = 0; i < STREAM_LIST_COUNT; i++) {
@@ -263,16 +306,10 @@ grpc_chttp2_transport::~grpc_chttp2_transport() {
     GPR_ASSERT(lists[i].tail == nullptr);
   }
 
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(goaway_error);
-
-  GPR_ASSERT(grpc_chttp2_stream_map_size(&stream_map) == 0);
-
-  grpc_chttp2_stream_map_destroy(&stream_map);
-
+  GPR_ASSERT(stream_map.empty());
   GRPC_COMBINER_UNREF(combiner, "chttp2_transport");
 
-  cancel_pings(this,
-               GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("Transport destroyed"));
+  cancel_pings(this, GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("Transport destroyed"));
 
   while (write_cb_pool) {
     grpc_chttp2_write_cb* next = write_cb_pool->next;
@@ -280,9 +317,6 @@ grpc_chttp2_transport::~grpc_chttp2_transport() {
     write_cb_pool = next;
   }
 
-  flow_control.Destroy();
-
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(closed_with_error);
   gpr_free(ping_acks);
   if (grpc_core::test_only_destruct_callback != nullptr) {
     grpc_core::test_only_destruct_callback();
@@ -291,215 +325,217 @@ grpc_chttp2_transport::~grpc_chttp2_transport() {
 
 static const grpc_transport_vtable* get_vtable(void);
 
-// Returns whether bdp is enabled
-static bool read_channel_args(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
-                              const grpc_channel_args* channel_args,
+static void read_channel_args(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
+                              const grpc_core::ChannelArgs& channel_args,
                               bool is_client) {
-  bool enable_bdp = true;
-  bool channelz_enabled = GRPC_ENABLE_CHANNELZ_DEFAULT;
-  size_t i;
-  int j;
-
-  for (i = 0; i < channel_args->num_args; i++) {
-    if (0 == strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key,
-                    GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_INITIAL_SEQUENCE_NUMBER)) {
-      const grpc_integer_options options = {-1, 0, INT_MAX};
-      const int value =
-          grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(&channel_args->args[i], options);
-      if (value >= 0) {
-        if ((t->next_stream_id & 1) != (value & 1)) {
-          gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "%s: low bit must be %d on %s",
-                  GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_INITIAL_SEQUENCE_NUMBER, t->next_stream_id & 1,
-                  is_client ? "client" : "server");
-        } else {
-          t->next_stream_id = static_cast<uint32_t>(value);
-        }
-      }
-    } else if (0 == strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key,
-                           GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_HPACK_TABLE_SIZE_ENCODER)) {
-      const grpc_integer_options options = {-1, 0, INT_MAX};
-      const int value =
-          grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(&channel_args->args[i], options);
-      if (value >= 0) {
-        t->hpack_compressor.SetMaxUsableSize(value);
-      }
-    } else if (0 == strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key,
-                           GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MAX_PINGS_WITHOUT_DATA)) {
-      t->ping_policy.max_pings_without_data = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-          &channel_args->args[i],
-          {g_default_max_pings_without_data, 0, INT_MAX});
-    } else if (0 == strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key,
-                           GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MAX_PING_STRIKES)) {
-      t->ping_policy.max_ping_strikes = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-          &channel_args->args[i], {g_default_max_ping_strikes, 0, INT_MAX});
-    } else if (0 ==
-               strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key,
-                      GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MIN_RECV_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS)) {
-      t->ping_policy.min_recv_ping_interval_without_data =
-          grpc_core::Duration::Milliseconds(grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-              &channel_args->args[i],
-              grpc_integer_options{
-                  g_default_min_recv_ping_interval_without_data_ms, 0,
-                  INT_MAX}));
-    } else if (0 == strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key,
-                           GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE)) {
-      t->write_buffer_size = static_cast<uint32_t>(grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-          &channel_args->args[i], {0, 0, MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE}));
-    } else if (0 ==
-               strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key, GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_BDP_PROBE)) {
-      enable_bdp = grpc_channel_arg_get_bool(&channel_args->args[i], true);
-    } else if (0 ==
-               strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key, GRPC_ARG_KEEPALIVE_TIME_MS)) {
-      const int value = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-          &channel_args->args[i],
-          grpc_integer_options{t->is_client
-                                   ? g_default_client_keepalive_time_ms
-                                   : g_default_server_keepalive_time_ms,
-                               1, INT_MAX});
-      t->keepalive_time = value == INT_MAX
-                              ? grpc_core::Duration::Infinity()
-                              : grpc_core::Duration::Milliseconds(value);
-    } else if (0 == strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key,
-                           GRPC_ARG_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS)) {
-      const int value = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-          &channel_args->args[i],
-          grpc_integer_options{t->is_client
-                                   ? g_default_client_keepalive_timeout_ms
-                                   : g_default_server_keepalive_timeout_ms,
-                               0, INT_MAX});
-      t->keepalive_timeout = value == INT_MAX
-                                 ? grpc_core::Duration::Infinity()
-                                 : grpc_core::Duration::Milliseconds(value);
-    } else if (0 == strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key,
-                           GRPC_ARG_KEEPALIVE_PERMIT_WITHOUT_CALLS)) {
-      t->keepalive_permit_without_calls = static_cast<uint32_t>(
-          grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(&channel_args->args[i], {0, 0, 1}));
-    } else if (0 == strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key,
-                           GRPC_ARG_OPTIMIZATION_TARGET)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "GRPC_ARG_OPTIMIZATION_TARGET is deprecated");
-    } else if (0 ==
-               strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key, GRPC_ARG_ENABLE_CHANNELZ)) {
-      channelz_enabled = grpc_channel_arg_get_bool(
-          &channel_args->args[i], GRPC_ENABLE_CHANNELZ_DEFAULT);
+  const int initial_sequence_number =
+      channel_args.GetInt(GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_INITIAL_SEQUENCE_NUMBER).value_or(-1);
+  if (initial_sequence_number > 0) {
+    if ((t->next_stream_id & 1) != (initial_sequence_number & 1)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "%s: low bit must be %d on %s",
+              GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_INITIAL_SEQUENCE_NUMBER, t->next_stream_id & 1,
+              is_client ? "client" : "server");
     } else {
-      static const struct {
-        const char* channel_arg_name;
-        grpc_chttp2_setting_id setting_id;
-        grpc_integer_options integer_options;
-        bool availability[2] /* server, client */;
-      } settings_map[] = {{GRPC_ARG_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS,
-                           GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS,
-                           {-1, 0, INT32_MAX},
-                           {true, false}},
-                          {GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_HPACK_TABLE_SIZE_DECODER,
-                           GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE,
-                           {-1, 0, INT32_MAX},
-                           {true, true}},
-                          {GRPC_ARG_MAX_METADATA_SIZE,
-                           GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE,
-                           {-1, 0, INT32_MAX},
-                           {true, true}},
-                          {GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MAX_FRAME_SIZE,
-                           GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE,
-                           {-1, 16384, 16777215},
-                           {true, true}},
-                          {GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_ENABLE_TRUE_BINARY,
-                           GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_GRPC_ALLOW_TRUE_BINARY_METADATA,
-                           {1, 0, 1},
-                           {true, true}},
-                          {GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_STREAM_LOOKAHEAD_BYTES,
-                           GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE,
-                           {-1, 5, INT32_MAX},
-                           {true, true}}};
-      for (j = 0; j < static_cast<int> GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(settings_map); j++) {
-        if (0 == strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key,
-                        settings_map[j].channel_arg_name)) {
-          if (!settings_map[j].availability[is_client]) {
-            gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%s is not available on %s",
-                    settings_map[j].channel_arg_name,
-                    is_client ? "clients" : "servers");
-          } else {
-            int value = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-                &channel_args->args[i], settings_map[j].integer_options);
-            if (value >= 0) {
-              queue_setting_update(t, settings_map[j].setting_id,
-                                   static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
-            }
-          }
-          break;
-        }
-      }
+      t->next_stream_id = static_cast<uint32_t>(initial_sequence_number);
     }
   }
-  if (channelz_enabled) {
-    t->channelz_socket =
-        grpc_core::MakeRefCounted<grpc_core::channelz::SocketNode>(
-            std::string(grpc_endpoint_get_local_address(t->ep)), t->peer_string,
-            absl::StrFormat("%s %s", get_vtable()->name, t->peer_string),
-            grpc_core::channelz::SocketNode::Security::GetFromChannelArgs(
-                channel_args));
+
+  const int max_hpack_table_size =
+      channel_args.GetInt(GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_HPACK_TABLE_SIZE_ENCODER).value_or(-1);
+  if (max_hpack_table_size >= 0) {
+    t->hpack_compressor.SetMaxUsableSize(max_hpack_table_size);
   }
-  return enable_bdp;
-}
 
-static void init_transport_keepalive_settings(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
-  if (t->is_client) {
-    t->keepalive_time = g_default_client_keepalive_time_ms == INT_MAX
-                            ? grpc_core::Duration::Infinity()
-                            : grpc_core::Duration::Milliseconds(
-                                  g_default_client_keepalive_time_ms);
-    t->keepalive_timeout = g_default_client_keepalive_timeout_ms == INT_MAX
-                               ? grpc_core::Duration::Infinity()
-                               : grpc_core::Duration::Milliseconds(
-                                     g_default_client_keepalive_timeout_ms);
+  t->ping_policy.max_pings_without_data =
+      std::max(0, channel_args.GetInt(GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MAX_PINGS_WITHOUT_DATA)
+                      .value_or(g_default_max_pings_without_data));
+  t->ping_policy.max_ping_strikes =
+      std::max(0, channel_args.GetInt(GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MAX_PING_STRIKES)
+                      .value_or(g_default_max_ping_strikes));
+  t->ping_policy.min_recv_ping_interval_without_data =
+      std::max(grpc_core::Duration::Zero(),
+               channel_args
+                   .GetDurationFromIntMillis(
+                       GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MIN_RECV_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS)
+                   .value_or(g_default_min_recv_ping_interval_without_data));
+  t->write_buffer_size =
+      std::max(0, channel_args.GetInt(GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE)
+                      .value_or(grpc_core::chttp2::kDefaultWindow));
+  t->keepalive_time =
+      std::max(grpc_core::Duration::Milliseconds(1),
+               channel_args.GetDurationFromIntMillis(GRPC_ARG_KEEPALIVE_TIME_MS)
+                   .value_or(t->is_client ? g_default_client_keepalive_time
+                                          : g_default_server_keepalive_time));
+  t->keepalive_timeout = std::max(
+      grpc_core::Duration::Zero(),
+      channel_args.GetDurationFromIntMillis(GRPC_ARG_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS)
+          .value_or(t->is_client ? g_default_client_keepalive_timeout
+                                 : g_default_server_keepalive_timeout));
+  if (grpc_core::IsKeepaliveFixEnabled()) {
     t->keepalive_permit_without_calls =
-        g_default_client_keepalive_permit_without_calls;
+        channel_args.GetBool(GRPC_ARG_KEEPALIVE_PERMIT_WITHOUT_CALLS)
+            .value_or(t->is_client
+                          ? g_default_client_keepalive_permit_without_calls
+                          : g_default_server_keepalive_permit_without_calls);
   } else {
-    t->keepalive_time = g_default_server_keepalive_time_ms == INT_MAX
-                            ? grpc_core::Duration::Infinity()
-                            : grpc_core::Duration::Milliseconds(
-                                  g_default_server_keepalive_time_ms);
-    t->keepalive_timeout = g_default_server_keepalive_timeout_ms == INT_MAX
-                               ? grpc_core::Duration::Infinity()
-                               : grpc_core::Duration::Milliseconds(
-                                     g_default_server_keepalive_timeout_ms);
     t->keepalive_permit_without_calls =
-        g_default_server_keepalive_permit_without_calls;
+        channel_args.GetBool(GRPC_ARG_KEEPALIVE_PERMIT_WITHOUT_CALLS)
+            .value_or(false);
   }
-}
 
-static void configure_transport_ping_policy(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
-  t->ping_policy.max_pings_without_data = g_default_max_pings_without_data;
-  t->ping_policy.max_ping_strikes = g_default_max_ping_strikes;
-  t->ping_policy.min_recv_ping_interval_without_data =
-      grpc_core::Duration::Milliseconds(
-          g_default_min_recv_ping_interval_without_data_ms);
+  // Only send the prefered rx frame size http2 setting if we are instructed
+  // to auto size the buffers allocated at tcp level and we also can adjust
+  // sending frame size.
+  t->enable_preferred_rx_crypto_frame_advertisement =
+      channel_args
+          .GetBool(GRPC_ARG_EXPERIMENTAL_HTTP2_PREFERRED_CRYPTO_FRAME_SIZE)
+          .value_or(false);
+
+  if (channel_args.GetBool(GRPC_ARG_ENABLE_CHANNELZ)
+          .value_or(GRPC_ENABLE_CHANNELZ_DEFAULT)) {
+    t->channelz_socket =
+        grpc_core::MakeRefCounted<grpc_core::channelz::SocketNode>(
+            std::string(grpc_endpoint_get_local_address(t->ep)),
+            std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()),
+            absl::StrCat(get_vtable()->name, " ",
+                         t->peer_string.as_string_view()),
+            channel_args
+                .GetObjectRef<grpc_core::channelz::SocketNode::Security>());
+  }
+
+  t->ack_pings = channel_args.GetBool("grpc.http2.ack_pings").value_or(true);
+
+  const int soft_limit =
+      channel_args.GetInt(GRPC_ARG_MAX_METADATA_SIZE).value_or(-1);
+  if (soft_limit < 0) {
+    // Set soft limit to 0.8 * hard limit if this is larger than
+    // `DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE_SOFT_LIMIT` and
+    // `GRPC_ARG_MAX_METADATA_SIZE` is not set.
+    t->max_header_list_size_soft_limit = std::max(
+        DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE_SOFT_LIMIT,
+        static_cast<int>(
+            0.8 * channel_args.GetInt(GRPC_ARG_ABSOLUTE_MAX_METADATA_SIZE)
+                      .value_or(-1)));
+  } else {
+    t->max_header_list_size_soft_limit = soft_limit;
+  }
+
+  static const struct {
+    absl::string_view channel_arg_name;
+    grpc_chttp2_setting_id setting_id;
+    int default_value;
+    int min;
+    int max;
+    bool availability[2] /* server, client */;
+  } settings_map[] = {{GRPC_ARG_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS,
+                       GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS,
+                       -1,
+                       0,
+                       INT32_MAX,
+                       {true, false}},
+                      {GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_HPACK_TABLE_SIZE_DECODER,
+                       GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE,
+                       -1,
+                       0,
+                       INT32_MAX,
+                       {true, true}},
+                      {GRPC_ARG_ABSOLUTE_MAX_METADATA_SIZE,
+                       GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE,
+                       -1,
+                       0,
+                       INT32_MAX,
+                       {true, true}},
+                      {GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MAX_FRAME_SIZE,
+                       GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE,
+                       -1,
+                       16384,
+                       16777215,
+                       {true, true}},
+                      {GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_ENABLE_TRUE_BINARY,
+                       GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_GRPC_ALLOW_TRUE_BINARY_METADATA,
+                       1,
+                       0,
+                       1,
+                       {true, true}},
+                      {GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_STREAM_LOOKAHEAD_BYTES,
+                       GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE,
+                       -1,
+                       5,
+                       INT32_MAX,
+                       {true, true}}};
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(settings_map); i++) {
+    const auto& setting = settings_map[i];
+    if (setting.availability[is_client]) {
+      const int value = channel_args.GetInt(setting.channel_arg_name)
+                            .value_or(setting.default_value);
+      if (value >= 0) {
+        queue_setting_update(t, setting.setting_id,
+                             grpc_core::Clamp(value, setting.min, setting.max));
+      } else if (setting.setting_id ==
+                 GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE) {
+        // Set value to 1.25 * soft limit if this is larger than
+        // `DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE` and
+        // `GRPC_ARG_ABSOLUTE_MAX_METADATA_SIZE` is not set.
+        const int soft_limit = channel_args.GetInt(GRPC_ARG_MAX_METADATA_SIZE)
+                                   .value_or(setting.default_value);
+        const int value = (soft_limit >= 0 && soft_limit < (INT_MAX / 1.25))
+                              ? static_cast<int>(soft_limit * 1.25)
+                              : soft_limit;
+        if (value > DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE) {
+          queue_setting_update(
+              t, setting.setting_id,
+              grpc_core::Clamp(value, setting.min, setting.max));
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (channel_args.Contains(setting.channel_arg_name)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%s is not available on %s",
+              std::string(setting.channel_arg_name).c_str(),
+              is_client ? "clients" : "servers");
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (t->enable_preferred_rx_crypto_frame_advertisement) {
+    const grpc_chttp2_setting_parameters* sp =
+        &grpc_chttp2_settings_parameters
+            [GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_GRPC_PREFERRED_RECEIVE_CRYPTO_FRAME_SIZE];
+    queue_setting_update(
+        t, GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_GRPC_PREFERRED_RECEIVE_CRYPTO_FRAME_SIZE,
+        grpc_core::Clamp(INT_MAX, static_cast<int>(sp->min_value),
+                         static_cast<int>(sp->max_value)));
+  }
 }
 
-static void init_keepalive_pings_if_enabled(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
+static void init_keepalive_pings_if_enabled_locked(
+    void* arg, GRPC_UNUSED grpc_error_handle error) {
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(error.ok());
+  grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(arg);
   if (t->keepalive_time != grpc_core::Duration::Infinity()) {
     t->keepalive_state = GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_WAITING;
     GRPC_CHTTP2_REF_TRANSPORT(t, "init keepalive ping");
-    GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->init_keepalive_ping_locked, init_keepalive_ping, t,
-                      grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-    grpc_timer_init(&t->keepalive_ping_timer,
-                    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Now() + t->keepalive_time,
-                    &t->init_keepalive_ping_locked);
+    t->keepalive_ping_timer_handle =
+        t->event_engine->RunAfter(t->keepalive_time, [t] {
+          grpc_core::ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+          grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+          init_keepalive_ping(t);
+        });
   } else {
     // Use GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_DISABLED to indicate there are no
-    //   inflight keeaplive timers
+    // inflight keepalive timers
     t->keepalive_state = GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_DISABLED;
   }
 }
 
 grpc_chttp2_transport::grpc_chttp2_transport(
-    const grpc_channel_args* channel_args, grpc_endpoint* ep, bool is_client)
+    const grpc_core::ChannelArgs& channel_args, grpc_endpoint* ep,
+    bool is_client)
     : refs(1, GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_trace_chttp2_refcount)
                   ? "chttp2_refcount"
                   : nullptr),
       ep(ep),
-      peer_string(grpc_endpoint_get_peer(ep)),
-      memory_owner(grpc_core::ResourceQuotaFromChannelArgs(channel_args)
+      peer_string(
+          grpc_core::Slice::FromCopiedString(grpc_endpoint_get_peer(ep))),
+      memory_owner(channel_args.GetObject<grpc_core::ResourceQuota>()
                        ->memory_quota()
                        ->CreateMemoryOwner(absl::StrCat(
                            grpc_endpoint_get_peer(ep), ":client_transport"))),
@@ -510,16 +546,18 @@ grpc_chttp2_transport::grpc_chttp2_transport(
                     GRPC_CHANNEL_READY),
       is_client(is_client),
       next_stream_id(is_client ? 1 : 2),
-      deframe_state(is_client ? GRPC_DTS_FH_0 : GRPC_DTS_CLIENT_PREFIX_0) {
+      flow_control(
+          peer_string.as_string_view(),
+          channel_args.GetBool(GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_BDP_PROBE).value_or(true),
+          &memory_owner),
+      deframe_state(is_client ? GRPC_DTS_FH_0 : GRPC_DTS_CLIENT_PREFIX_0),
+      event_engine(
+          channel_args
+              .GetObjectRef<grpc_event_engine::experimental::EventEngine>()) {
+  cl = new grpc_core::ContextList();
   GPR_ASSERT(strlen(GRPC_CHTTP2_CLIENT_CONNECT_STRING) ==
              GRPC_CHTTP2_CLIENT_CONNECT_STRLEN);
   base.vtable = get_vtable();
-  // 8 is a random stab in the dark as to a good initial size: it's small enough
-  //   that it shouldn't waste memory for infrequently used connections, yet
-  //   large enough that the exponential growth should happen nicely when it's
-  //   needed.
-  //   TODO(ctiller): tune this
-  grpc_chttp2_stream_map_init(&stream_map, 8);
 
   grpc_slice_buffer_init(&read_buffer);
   grpc_slice_buffer_init(&outbuf);
@@ -548,37 +586,24 @@ grpc_chttp2_transport::grpc_chttp2_transport(
   queue_setting_update(this,
                        GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_GRPC_ALLOW_TRUE_BINARY_METADATA, 1);
 
-  configure_transport_ping_policy(this);
-  init_transport_keepalive_settings(this);
-
-  bool enable_bdp = true;
-  if (channel_args) {
-    enable_bdp = read_channel_args(this, channel_args, is_client);
-  }
-
-  static const bool kEnableFlowControl =
-      !GPR_GLOBAL_CONFIG_GET(grpc_experimental_disable_flow_control);
-  if (kEnableFlowControl) {
-    flow_control.Init<grpc_core::chttp2::TransportFlowControl>(this,
-                                                               enable_bdp);
-  } else {
-    flow_control.Init<grpc_core::chttp2::TransportFlowControlDisabled>(this);
-    enable_bdp = false;
-  }
+  read_channel_args(this, channel_args, is_client);
 
   // No pings allowed before receiving a header or data frame.
   ping_state.pings_before_data_required = 0;
-  ping_state.is_delayed_ping_timer_set = false;
   ping_state.last_ping_sent_time = grpc_core::Timestamp::InfPast();
 
   ping_recv_state.last_ping_recv_time = grpc_core::Timestamp::InfPast();
   ping_recv_state.ping_strikes = 0;
 
-  init_keepalive_pings_if_enabled(this);
+  grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+  combiner->Run(
+      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&init_keepalive_ping_locked,
+                        init_keepalive_pings_if_enabled_locked, this, nullptr),
+      absl::OkStatus());
 
-  if (enable_bdp) {
+  if (flow_control.bdp_probe()) {
     bdp_ping_blocked = true;
-    grpc_chttp2_act_on_flowctl_action(flow_control->PeriodicUpdate(), this,
+    grpc_chttp2_act_on_flowctl_action(flow_control.PeriodicUpdate(), this,
                                       nullptr);
   }
 
@@ -587,15 +612,23 @@ grpc_chttp2_transport::grpc_chttp2_transport(
   if (grpc_core::test_only_init_callback != nullptr) {
     grpc_core::test_only_init_callback();
   }
+
+#ifdef GRPC_POSIX_SOCKET_TCP
+  closure_barrier_may_cover_write =
+      grpc_event_engine_run_in_background() &&
+              grpc_core::IsScheduleCancellationOverWriteEnabled()
+          ? 0
+          : CLOSURE_BARRIER_MAY_COVER_WRITE;
+#endif
 }
 
 static void destroy_transport_locked(void* tp, grpc_error_handle /*error*/) {
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(tp);
   t->destroying = 1;
   close_transport_locked(
-      t, grpc_error_set_int(
-             GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("Transport destroyed"),
-             GRPC_ERROR_INT_OCCURRED_DURING_WRITE, t->write_state));
+      t, grpc_error_set_int(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("Transport destroyed"),
+                            grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kOccurredDuringWrite,
+                            t->write_state));
   t->memory_owner.Reset();
   // Must be the last line.
   GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "destroy");
@@ -604,45 +637,66 @@ static void destroy_transport_locked(void* tp, grpc_error_handle /*error*/) {
 static void destroy_transport(grpc_transport* gt) {
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = reinterpret_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(gt);
   t->combiner->Run(GRPC_CLOSURE_CREATE(destroy_transport_locked, t, nullptr),
-                   GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+                   absl::OkStatus());
 }
 
 static void close_transport_locked(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                                    grpc_error_handle error) {
-  end_all_the_calls(t, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-  cancel_pings(t, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-  if (t->closed_with_error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+  end_all_the_calls(t, error);
+  cancel_pings(t, error);
+  if (t->closed_with_error.ok()) {
     if (!grpc_error_has_clear_grpc_status(error)) {
-      error = grpc_error_set_int(error, GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS,
-                                 GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE);
+      error =
+          grpc_error_set_int(error, grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kRpcStatus,
+                             GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE);
     }
     if (t->write_state != GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_IDLE) {
-      if (t->close_transport_on_writes_finished == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+      if (t->close_transport_on_writes_finished.ok()) {
         t->close_transport_on_writes_finished =
-            GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
-                "Delayed close due to in-progress write");
+            GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("Delayed close due to in-progress write");
       }
       t->close_transport_on_writes_finished =
           grpc_error_add_child(t->close_transport_on_writes_finished, error);
       return;
     }
-    GPR_ASSERT(error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
-    t->closed_with_error = GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);
+    GPR_ASSERT(!error.ok());
+    t->closed_with_error = error;
     connectivity_state_set(t, GRPC_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN, absl::Status(),
                            "close_transport");
-    if (t->ping_state.is_delayed_ping_timer_set) {
-      grpc_timer_cancel(&t->ping_state.delayed_ping_timer);
+    if (t->ping_state.delayed_ping_timer_handle.has_value()) {
+      if (t->event_engine->Cancel(*t->ping_state.delayed_ping_timer_handle)) {
+        GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "retry_initiate_ping_locked");
+        t->ping_state.delayed_ping_timer_handle.reset();
+      }
     }
-    if (t->have_next_bdp_ping_timer) {
-      grpc_timer_cancel(&t->next_bdp_ping_timer);
+    if (t->next_bdp_ping_timer_handle.has_value()) {
+      if (t->event_engine->Cancel(*t->next_bdp_ping_timer_handle)) {
+        GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "bdp_ping");
+        t->next_bdp_ping_timer_handle.reset();
+      }
     }
     switch (t->keepalive_state) {
       case GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_WAITING:
-        grpc_timer_cancel(&t->keepalive_ping_timer);
+        if (t->keepalive_ping_timer_handle.has_value()) {
+          if (t->event_engine->Cancel(*t->keepalive_ping_timer_handle)) {
+            GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "init keepalive ping");
+            t->keepalive_ping_timer_handle.reset();
+          }
+        }
         break;
       case GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_PINGING:
-        grpc_timer_cancel(&t->keepalive_ping_timer);
-        grpc_timer_cancel(&t->keepalive_watchdog_timer);
+        if (t->keepalive_ping_timer_handle.has_value()) {
+          if (t->event_engine->Cancel(*t->keepalive_ping_timer_handle)) {
+            GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "init keepalive ping");
+            t->keepalive_ping_timer_handle.reset();
+          }
+        }
+        if (t->keepalive_watchdog_timer_handle.has_value()) {
+          if (t->event_engine->Cancel(*t->keepalive_watchdog_timer_handle)) {
+            GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "keepalive watchdog");
+            t->keepalive_watchdog_timer_handle.reset();
+          }
+        }
         break;
       case GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_DYING:
       case GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_DISABLED:
@@ -656,19 +710,17 @@ static void close_transport_locked(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
       GRPC_CHTTP2_STREAM_UNREF(s, "chttp2_writing:close");
     }
     GPR_ASSERT(t->write_state == GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_IDLE);
-    grpc_endpoint_shutdown(t->ep, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+    grpc_endpoint_shutdown(t->ep, error);
   }
   if (t->notify_on_receive_settings != nullptr) {
     grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, t->notify_on_receive_settings,
-                            GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+                            error);
     t->notify_on_receive_settings = nullptr;
   }
   if (t->notify_on_close != nullptr) {
-    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, t->notify_on_close,
-                            GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, t->notify_on_close, error);
     t->notify_on_close = nullptr;
   }
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
@@ -703,29 +755,27 @@ grpc_chttp2_stream::grpc_chttp2_stream(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
       refcount(refcount),
       reffer(this),
       initial_metadata_buffer(arena),
-      trailing_metadata_buffer(arena) {
+      trailing_metadata_buffer(arena),
+      flow_control(&t->flow_control) {
   if (server_data) {
     id = static_cast<uint32_t>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(server_data));
+    if (grpc_http_trace.enabled()) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "HTTP:%p/%p creating accept stream %d [from %p]", t,
+              this, id, server_data);
+    }
     *t->accepting_stream = this;
-    grpc_chttp2_stream_map_add(&t->stream_map, id, this);
+    t->stream_map.emplace(id, this);
     post_destructive_reclaimer(t);
   }
-  if (t->flow_control->flow_control_enabled()) {
-    flow_control.Init<grpc_core::chttp2::StreamFlowControl>(
-        static_cast<grpc_core::chttp2::TransportFlowControl*>(
-            t->flow_control.get()),
-        this);
-  } else {
-    flow_control.Init<grpc_core::chttp2::StreamFlowControlDisabled>();
-  }
 
   grpc_slice_buffer_init(&frame_storage);
-  grpc_slice_buffer_init(&unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer);
   grpc_slice_buffer_init(&flow_controlled_buffer);
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&reset_byte_stream, ::reset_byte_stream, this, nullptr);
 }
 
 grpc_chttp2_stream::~grpc_chttp2_stream() {
+  grpc_chttp2_list_remove_stalled_by_stream(t, this);
+  grpc_chttp2_list_remove_stalled_by_transport(t, this);
+
   if (t->channelz_socket != nullptr) {
     if ((t->is_client && eos_received) || (!t->is_client && eos_sent)) {
       t->channelz_socket->RecordStreamSucceeded();
@@ -736,60 +786,51 @@ grpc_chttp2_stream::~grpc_chttp2_stream() {
 
   GPR_ASSERT((write_closed && read_closed) || id == 0);
   if (id != 0) {
-    GPR_ASSERT(grpc_chttp2_stream_map_find(&t->stream_map, id) == nullptr);
+    GPR_ASSERT(t->stream_map.count(id) == 0);
   }
 
-  grpc_slice_buffer_destroy_internal(&unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer);
-  grpc_slice_buffer_destroy_internal(&frame_storage);
+  grpc_slice_buffer_destroy(&frame_storage);
 
   for (int i = 0; i < STREAM_LIST_COUNT; i++) {
     if (GPR_UNLIKELY(included.is_set(i))) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "%s stream %d still included in list %d",
-              t->is_client ? "client" : "server", id, i);
-      abort();
+      grpc_core::Crash(absl::StrFormat("%s stream %d still included in list %d",
+                                       t->is_client ? "client" : "server", id,
+                                       i));
     }
   }
 
   GPR_ASSERT(send_initial_metadata_finished == nullptr);
-  GPR_ASSERT(fetching_send_message == nullptr);
   GPR_ASSERT(send_trailing_metadata_finished == nullptr);
   GPR_ASSERT(recv_initial_metadata_ready == nullptr);
   GPR_ASSERT(recv_message_ready == nullptr);
   GPR_ASSERT(recv_trailing_metadata_finished == nullptr);
-  grpc_slice_buffer_destroy_internal(&flow_controlled_buffer);
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(read_closed_error);
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(write_closed_error);
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(byte_stream_error);
-  flow_control.Destroy();
+  grpc_slice_buffer_destroy(&flow_controlled_buffer);
   GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "stream");
-  grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, destroy_stream_arg, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+  grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, destroy_stream_arg, absl::OkStatus());
 }
 
 static int init_stream(grpc_transport* gt, grpc_stream* gs,
                        grpc_stream_refcount* refcount, const void* server_data,
                        grpc_core::Arena* arena) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("init_stream", 0);
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = reinterpret_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(gt);
   new (gs) grpc_chttp2_stream(t, refcount, server_data, arena);
   return 0;
 }
 
 static void destroy_stream_locked(void* sp, grpc_error_handle /*error*/) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("destroy_stream", 0);
   grpc_chttp2_stream* s = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_stream*>(sp);
   s->~grpc_chttp2_stream();
 }
 
 static void destroy_stream(grpc_transport* gt, grpc_stream* gs,
                            grpc_closure* then_schedule_closure) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("destroy_stream", 0);
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = reinterpret_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(gt);
   grpc_chttp2_stream* s = reinterpret_cast<grpc_chttp2_stream*>(gs);
 
   s->destroy_stream_arg = then_schedule_closure;
   t->combiner->Run(
       GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&s->destroy_stream, destroy_stream_locked, s, nullptr),
-      GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+      absl::OkStatus());
 }
 
 grpc_chttp2_stream* grpc_chttp2_parsing_accept_stream(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
@@ -826,7 +867,8 @@ static void set_write_state(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                             grpc_chttp2_write_state st, const char* reason) {
   GRPC_CHTTP2_IF_TRACING(
       gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "W:%p %s [%s] state %s -> %s [%s]", t,
-              t->is_client ? "CLIENT" : "SERVER", t->peer_string.c_str(),
+              t->is_client ? "CLIENT" : "SERVER",
+              std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str(),
               write_state_name(t->write_state), write_state_name(st), reason));
   t->write_state = st;
   // If the state is being reset back to idle, it means a write was just
@@ -837,93 +879,18 @@ static void set_write_state(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
   // from peer while we had some pending writes)
   if (st == GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_IDLE) {
     grpc_core::ExecCtx::RunList(DEBUG_LOCATION, &t->run_after_write);
-    if (t->close_transport_on_writes_finished != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    if (!t->close_transport_on_writes_finished.ok()) {
       grpc_error_handle err = t->close_transport_on_writes_finished;
-      t->close_transport_on_writes_finished = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+      t->close_transport_on_writes_finished = absl::OkStatus();
       close_transport_locked(t, err);
     }
   }
 }
 
-static void inc_initiate_write_reason(
-    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write_reason reason) {
-  switch (reason) {
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_INITIAL_WRITE:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_INITIAL_WRITE();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_START_NEW_STREAM:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_START_NEW_STREAM();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_MESSAGE:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_MESSAGE();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_RETRY_SEND_PING:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_RETRY_SEND_PING();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_CONTINUE_PINGS:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_CONTINUE_PINGS();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_GOAWAY_SENT:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_GOAWAY_SENT();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_RST_STREAM:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_RST_STREAM();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_CLOSE_FROM_API:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_CLOSE_FROM_API();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_STREAM_FLOW_CONTROL:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_STREAM_FLOW_CONTROL();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_SETTINGS:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_SETTINGS();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SETTINGS_ACK:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SETTINGS_ACK();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_SETTING:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_SETTING();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_UPDATE:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_UPDATE();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_APPLICATION_PING:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_APPLICATION_PING();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_BDP_PING:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_BDP_ESTIMATOR_PING();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_KEEPALIVE_PING:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_KEEPALIVE_PING();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_PING_RESPONSE:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_PING_RESPONSE();
-      break;
-    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_FORCE_RST_STREAM:
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_FORCE_RST_STREAM();
-      break;
-  }
-}
-
 void grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                                 grpc_chttp2_initiate_write_reason reason) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("grpc_chttp2_initiate_write", 0);
-
   switch (t->write_state) {
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_IDLE:
-      inc_initiate_write_reason(reason);
       set_write_state(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_WRITING,
                       grpc_chttp2_initiate_write_reason_string(reason));
       GRPC_CHTTP2_REF_TRANSPORT(t, "writing");
@@ -946,7 +913,7 @@ void grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
       t->combiner->FinallyRun(
           GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->write_action_begin_locked,
                             write_action_begin_locked, t, nullptr),
-          GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+          absl::OkStatus());
       break;
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_WRITING:
       set_write_state(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_WRITING_WITH_MORE,
@@ -959,8 +926,7 @@ void grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
 
 void grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                                       grpc_chttp2_stream* s) {
-  if (t->closed_with_error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE &&
-      grpc_chttp2_list_add_writable_stream(t, s)) {
+  if (t->closed_with_error.ok() && grpc_chttp2_list_add_writable_stream(t, s)) {
     GRPC_CHTTP2_STREAM_REF(s, "chttp2_writing:become");
   }
 }
@@ -975,24 +941,20 @@ static const char* begin_writing_desc(bool partial) {
 
 static void write_action_begin_locked(void* gt,
                                       grpc_error_handle /*error_ignored*/) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("write_action_begin_locked", 0);
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(gt);
   GPR_ASSERT(t->write_state != GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_IDLE);
   grpc_chttp2_begin_write_result r;
-  if (t->closed_with_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+  if (!t->closed_with_error.ok()) {
     r.writing = false;
   } else {
     r = grpc_chttp2_begin_write(t);
   }
   if (r.writing) {
-    if (r.partial) {
-      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_PARTIAL_WRITES();
-    }
     set_write_state(t,
                     r.partial ? GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_WRITING_WITH_MORE
                               : GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_WRITING,
                     begin_writing_desc(r.partial));
-    write_action(t, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+    write_action(t, absl::OkStatus());
     if (t->reading_paused_on_pending_induced_frames) {
       GPR_ASSERT(t->num_pending_induced_frames == 0);
       // We had paused reading, because we had many induced frames (SETTINGS
@@ -1007,49 +969,66 @@ static void write_action_begin_locked(void* gt,
       continue_read_action_locked(t);
     }
   } else {
-    GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_SPURIOUS_WRITES_BEGUN();
     set_write_state(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_IDLE, "begin writing nothing");
     GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "writing");
   }
 }
 
 static void write_action(void* gt, grpc_error_handle /*error*/) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("write_action", 0);
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(gt);
   void* cl = t->cl;
-  t->cl = nullptr;
+  if (!t->cl->empty()) {
+    // Transfer the ownership of the context list to the endpoint and create and
+    // associate a new context list with the transport.
+    // The old context list is stored in the cl local variable which is passed
+    // to the endpoint. Its upto the endpoint to manage its lifetime.
+    t->cl = new grpc_core::ContextList();
+  } else {
+    // t->cl is Empty. There is nothing to trace in this endpoint_write. set cl
+    // to nullptr.
+    cl = nullptr;
+  }
+  // Choose max_frame_size as the prefered rx crypto frame size indicated by the
+  // peer.
+  int max_frame_size =
+      t->settings
+          [GRPC_PEER_SETTINGS]
+          [GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_GRPC_PREFERRED_RECEIVE_CRYPTO_FRAME_SIZE];
+  // Note: max frame size is 0 if the remote peer does not support adjusting the
+  // sending frame size.
+  if (max_frame_size == 0) {
+    max_frame_size = INT_MAX;
+  }
   grpc_endpoint_write(
       t->ep, &t->outbuf,
       GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->write_action_end_locked, write_action_end, t,
                         grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx),
-      cl, /*max_frame_size=*/INT_MAX);
+      cl, max_frame_size);
 }
 
 static void write_action_end(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(tp);
   t->combiner->Run(GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->write_action_end_locked,
                                      write_action_end_locked, t, nullptr),
-                   GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+                   error);
 }
 
 // Callback from the grpc_endpoint after bytes have been written by calling
 // sendmsg
 static void write_action_end_locked(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("terminate_writing_with_lock", 0);
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(tp);
 
   bool closed = false;
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    close_transport_locked(t, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+  if (!error.ok()) {
+    close_transport_locked(t, error);
     closed = true;
   }
 
   if (t->sent_goaway_state == GRPC_CHTTP2_FINAL_GOAWAY_SEND_SCHEDULED) {
     t->sent_goaway_state = GRPC_CHTTP2_FINAL_GOAWAY_SENT;
     closed = true;
-    if (grpc_chttp2_stream_map_size(&t->stream_map) == 0) {
-      close_transport_locked(
-          t, GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("goaway sent"));
+    if (t->stream_map.empty()) {
+      close_transport_locked(t, GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("goaway sent"));
     }
   }
 
@@ -1057,11 +1036,9 @@ static void write_action_end_locked(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_IDLE:
       GPR_UNREACHABLE_CODE(break);
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_WRITING:
-      GPR_TIMER_MARK("state=writing", 0);
       set_write_state(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_IDLE, "finish writing");
       break;
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_WRITING_WITH_MORE:
-      GPR_TIMER_MARK("state=writing_stale_no_poller", 0);
       set_write_state(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_WRITING, "continue writing");
       GRPC_CHTTP2_REF_TRANSPORT(t, "writing");
       // If the transport is closed, we will retry writing on the endpoint
@@ -1075,11 +1052,11 @@ static void write_action_end_locked(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
       t->combiner->FinallyRun(
           GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->write_action_begin_locked,
                             write_action_begin_locked, t, nullptr),
-          GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+          absl::OkStatus());
       break;
   }
 
-  grpc_chttp2_end_write(t, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+  grpc_chttp2_end_write(t, error);
   GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "writing");
 }
 
@@ -1108,26 +1085,27 @@ static void cancel_unstarted_streams(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
     s->trailing_metadata_buffer.Set(
         grpc_core::GrpcStreamNetworkState(),
         grpc_core::GrpcStreamNetworkState::kNotSentOnWire);
-    grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(t, s, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+    grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(t, s, error);
   }
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
 void grpc_chttp2_add_incoming_goaway(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                                      uint32_t goaway_error,
                                      uint32_t last_stream_id,
                                      absl::string_view goaway_text) {
-  // Discard the error from a previous goaway frame (if any)
-  if (t->goaway_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(t->goaway_error);
-  }
   t->goaway_error = grpc_error_set_str(
       grpc_error_set_int(
           grpc_error_set_int(
-              GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("GOAWAY received"),
-              GRPC_ERROR_INT_HTTP2_ERROR, static_cast<intptr_t>(goaway_error)),
-          GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS, GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE),
-      GRPC_ERROR_STR_RAW_BYTES, goaway_text);
+              grpc_core::StatusCreate(
+                  absl::StatusCode::kUnavailable,
+                  absl::StrFormat(
+                      "GOAWAY received; Error code: %u; Debug Text: %s",
+                      goaway_error, goaway_text),
+                  DEBUG_LOCATION, {}),
+              grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kHttp2Error,
+              static_cast<intptr_t>(goaway_error)),
+          grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kRpcStatus, GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE),
+      grpc_core::StatusStrProperty::kRawBytes, goaway_text);
 
   GRPC_CHTTP2_IF_TRACING(
       gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "transport %p got goaway with last stream id %d", t,
@@ -1135,26 +1113,25 @@ void grpc_chttp2_add_incoming_goaway(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
   // We want to log this irrespective of whether http tracing is enabled if we
   // received a GOAWAY with a non NO_ERROR code.
   if (goaway_error != GRPC_HTTP2_NO_ERROR) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s: Got goaway [%d] err=%s", t->peer_string.c_str(),
-            goaway_error, grpc_error_std_string(t->goaway_error).c_str());
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s: Got goaway [%d] err=%s",
+            std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str(), goaway_error,
+            grpc_core::StatusToString(t->goaway_error).c_str());
   }
   if (t->is_client) {
-    cancel_unstarted_streams(t, GRPC_ERROR_REF(t->goaway_error));
+    cancel_unstarted_streams(t, t->goaway_error);
     // Cancel all unseen streams
-    grpc_chttp2_stream_map_for_each(
-        &t->stream_map,
-        [](void* user_data, uint32_t /* key */, void* stream) {
-          uint32_t last_stream_id = *(static_cast<uint32_t*>(user_data));
-          grpc_chttp2_stream* s = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_stream*>(stream);
-          if (s->id > last_stream_id) {
-            s->trailing_metadata_buffer.Set(
-                grpc_core::GrpcStreamNetworkState(),
-                grpc_core::GrpcStreamNetworkState::kNotSeenByServer);
-            grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(s->t, s,
-                                      GRPC_ERROR_REF(s->t->goaway_error));
-          }
-        },
-        &last_stream_id);
+    std::vector<grpc_chttp2_stream*> to_cancel;
+    for (auto id_stream : t->stream_map) {
+      if (id_stream.first > last_stream_id) {
+        to_cancel.push_back(id_stream.second);
+      }
+    }
+    for (auto s : to_cancel) {
+      s->trailing_metadata_buffer.Set(
+          grpc_core::GrpcStreamNetworkState(),
+          grpc_core::GrpcStreamNetworkState::kNotSeenByServer);
+      grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(s->t, s, s->t->goaway_error);
+    }
   }
   absl::Status status = grpc_error_to_absl_status(t->goaway_error);
   // When a client receives a GOAWAY with error code ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM and debug
@@ -1165,16 +1142,19 @@ void grpc_chttp2_add_incoming_goaway(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                    goaway_error == GRPC_HTTP2_ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM &&
                    goaway_text == "too_many_pings")) {
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
-            "Received a GOAWAY with error code ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM and debug "
-            "data equal to \"too_many_pings\"");
-    constexpr auto max_keepalive_time = grpc_core::Duration::Milliseconds(
-        INT_MAX / KEEPALIVE_TIME_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER);
-    t->keepalive_time =
-        t->keepalive_time > max_keepalive_time
-            ? grpc_core::Duration::Infinity()
-            : t->keepalive_time * KEEPALIVE_TIME_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER;
+            "%s: Received a GOAWAY with error code ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM and debug "
+            "data equal to \"too_many_pings\". Current keepalive time (before "
+            "throttling): %s",
+            std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str(),
+            t->keepalive_time.ToString().c_str());
+    constexpr int max_keepalive_time_millis =
+        INT_MAX / KEEPALIVE_TIME_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER;
+    int64_t throttled_keepalive_time =
+        t->keepalive_time.millis() > max_keepalive_time_millis
+            ? INT_MAX
+            : t->keepalive_time.millis() * KEEPALIVE_TIME_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER;
     status.SetPayload(grpc_core::kKeepaliveThrottlingKey,
-                      absl::Cord(std::to_string(t->keepalive_time.millis())));
+                      absl::Cord(std::to_string(throttled_keepalive_time)));
   }
   // lie: use transient failure from the transport to indicate goaway has been
   // received.
@@ -1188,14 +1168,14 @@ static void maybe_start_some_streams(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
   grpc_chttp2_stream* s;
   // maybe cancel out streams that haven't yet started if we have received a
   // GOAWAY
-  if (t->goaway_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    cancel_unstarted_streams(t, GRPC_ERROR_REF(t->goaway_error));
+  if (!t->goaway_error.ok()) {
+    cancel_unstarted_streams(t, t->goaway_error);
     return;
   }
   // start streams where we have free grpc_chttp2_stream ids and free
   // * concurrency
   while (t->next_stream_id <= MAX_CLIENT_STREAM_ID &&
-         grpc_chttp2_stream_map_size(&t->stream_map) <
+         t->stream_map.size() <
              t->settings[GRPC_PEER_SETTINGS]
                         [GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS] &&
          grpc_chttp2_list_pop_waiting_for_concurrency(t, &s)) {
@@ -1216,7 +1196,7 @@ static void maybe_start_some_streams(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
                              "no_more_stream_ids");
     }
 
-    grpc_chttp2_stream_map_add(&t->stream_map, s->id, s);
+    t->stream_map.emplace(s->id, s);
     post_destructive_reclaimer(t);
     grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(t, s);
     grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_START_NEW_STREAM);
@@ -1229,21 +1209,13 @@ static void maybe_start_some_streams(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
           grpc_core::GrpcStreamNetworkState::kNotSentOnWire);
       grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(
           t, s,
-          grpc_error_set_int(
-              GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("Stream IDs exhausted"),
-              GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS, GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE));
+          grpc_error_set_int(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("Stream IDs exhausted"),
+                             grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kRpcStatus,
+                             GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE));
     }
   }
 }
 
-// Flag that this closure barrier may be covering a write in a pollset, and so
-//   we should not complete this closure until we can prove that the write got
-//   scheduled
-#define CLOSURE_BARRIER_MAY_COVER_WRITE (1 << 0)
-// First bit of the reference count, stored in the high order bits (with the low
-//   bits being used for flags defined above)
-#define CLOSURE_BARRIER_FIRST_REF_BIT (1 << 16)
-
 static grpc_closure* add_closure_barrier(grpc_closure* closure) {
   closure->next_data.scratch += CLOSURE_BARRIER_FIRST_REF_BIT;
   return closure;
@@ -1252,18 +1224,24 @@ static grpc_closure* add_closure_barrier(grpc_closure* closure) {
 static void null_then_sched_closure(grpc_closure** closure) {
   grpc_closure* c = *closure;
   *closure = nullptr;
-  grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, c, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+  // null_then_schedule_closure might be run during a start_batch which might
+  // subsequently examine the batch for more operations contained within.
+  // However, the closure run might make it back to the call object, push a
+  // completion, have the application see it, and make a new operation on the
+  // call which recycles the batch BEFORE the call to start_batch completes,
+  // forcing a race.
+  grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, c, absl::OkStatus());
 }
 
 void grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
-                                       grpc_chttp2_stream* /*s*/,
+                                       grpc_chttp2_stream* s,
                                        grpc_closure** pclosure,
                                        grpc_error_handle error,
-                                       const char* desc) {
+                                       const char* desc,
+                                       grpc_core::DebugLocation whence) {
   grpc_closure* closure = *pclosure;
   *pclosure = nullptr;
   if (closure == nullptr) {
-    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
     return;
   }
   closure->next_data.scratch -= CLOSURE_BARRIER_FIRST_REF_BIT;
@@ -1271,48 +1249,46 @@ void grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
     gpr_log(
         GPR_INFO,
         "complete_closure_step: t=%p %p refs=%d flags=0x%04x desc=%s err=%s "
-        "write_state=%s",
+        "write_state=%s whence=%s:%d",
         t, closure,
         static_cast<int>(closure->next_data.scratch /
                          CLOSURE_BARRIER_FIRST_REF_BIT),
         static_cast<int>(closure->next_data.scratch %
                          CLOSURE_BARRIER_FIRST_REF_BIT),
-        desc, grpc_error_std_string(error).c_str(),
-        write_state_name(t->write_state));
+        desc, grpc_core::StatusToString(error).c_str(),
+        write_state_name(t->write_state), whence.file(), whence.line());
+  }
+
+  auto* tracer = CallTracerIfEnabled(s);
+  if (tracer != nullptr) {
+    tracer->RecordAnnotation(
+        absl::StrFormat("on_complete: s=%p %p desc=%s err=%s", s, closure, desc,
+                        grpc_core::StatusToString(error).c_str()));
   }
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-#ifdef GRPC_ERROR_IS_ABSEIL_STATUS
+
+  if (!error.ok()) {
     grpc_error_handle cl_err =
         grpc_core::internal::StatusMoveFromHeapPtr(closure->error_data.error);
-#else
-    grpc_error_handle cl_err =
-        reinterpret_cast<grpc_error_handle>(closure->error_data.error);
-#endif
-    if (cl_err == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      cl_err = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
-          "Error in HTTP transport completing operation");
-      cl_err = grpc_error_set_str(cl_err, GRPC_ERROR_STR_TARGET_ADDRESS,
-                                  t->peer_string);
+    if (cl_err.ok()) {
+      cl_err = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE(absl::StrCat(
+          "Error in HTTP transport completing operation: ", desc,
+          " write_state=", write_state_name(t->write_state), " refs=",
+          closure->next_data.scratch / CLOSURE_BARRIER_FIRST_REF_BIT, " flags=",
+          closure->next_data.scratch % CLOSURE_BARRIER_FIRST_REF_BIT));
+      cl_err = grpc_error_set_str(cl_err,
+                                  grpc_core::StatusStrProperty::kTargetAddress,
+                                  std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()));
     }
     cl_err = grpc_error_add_child(cl_err, error);
-#ifdef GRPC_ERROR_IS_ABSEIL_STATUS
     closure->error_data.error = grpc_core::internal::StatusAllocHeapPtr(cl_err);
-#else
-    closure->error_data.error = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(cl_err);
-#endif
   }
   if (closure->next_data.scratch < CLOSURE_BARRIER_FIRST_REF_BIT) {
     if ((t->write_state == GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_IDLE) ||
         !(closure->next_data.scratch & CLOSURE_BARRIER_MAY_COVER_WRITE)) {
       // Using GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED instead of GRPC_CLOSURE_RUN to avoid running
       // closures earlier than when it is safe to do so.
-#ifdef GRPC_ERROR_IS_ABSEIL_STATUS
       grpc_error_handle run_error =
           grpc_core::internal::StatusMoveFromHeapPtr(closure->error_data.error);
-#else
-      grpc_error_handle run_error =
-          reinterpret_cast<grpc_error_handle>(closure->error_data.error);
-#endif
       closure->error_data.error = 0;
       grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, closure, run_error);
     } else {
@@ -1326,96 +1302,9 @@ static bool contains_non_ok_status(grpc_metadata_batch* batch) {
          GRPC_STATUS_OK;
 }
 
-static void maybe_become_writable_due_to_send_msg(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
-                                                  grpc_chttp2_stream* s) {
-  if (s->id != 0 && (!s->write_buffering ||
-                     s->flow_controlled_buffer.length > t->write_buffer_size)) {
-    grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(t, s);
-    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_MESSAGE);
-  }
-}
-
-static void add_fetched_slice_locked(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
-                                     grpc_chttp2_stream* s) {
-  s->fetched_send_message_length +=
-      static_cast<uint32_t> GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(s->fetching_slice);
-  grpc_slice_buffer_add(&s->flow_controlled_buffer, s->fetching_slice);
-  maybe_become_writable_due_to_send_msg(t, s);
-}
-
-static void continue_fetching_send_locked(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
-                                          grpc_chttp2_stream* s) {
-  for (;;) {
-    if (s->fetching_send_message == nullptr) {
-      // Stream was cancelled before message fetch completed
-      abort(); /* TODO(ctiller): what cleanup here? */
-    }
-    if (s->fetched_send_message_length == s->fetching_send_message->length()) {
-      int64_t notify_offset = s->next_message_end_offset;
-      if (notify_offset <= s->flow_controlled_bytes_written) {
-        grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(
-            t, s, &s->fetching_send_message_finished, GRPC_ERROR_NONE,
-            "fetching_send_message_finished");
-      } else {
-        grpc_chttp2_write_cb* cb = t->write_cb_pool;
-        if (cb == nullptr) {
-          cb = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_write_cb*>(gpr_malloc(sizeof(*cb)));
-        } else {
-          t->write_cb_pool = cb->next;
-        }
-        cb->call_at_byte = notify_offset;
-        cb->closure = s->fetching_send_message_finished;
-        s->fetching_send_message_finished = nullptr;
-        grpc_chttp2_write_cb** list =
-            s->fetching_send_message->flags() & GRPC_WRITE_THROUGH
-                ? &s->on_write_finished_cbs
-                : &s->on_flow_controlled_cbs;
-        cb->next = *list;
-        *list = cb;
-      }
-      s->fetching_send_message.reset();
-      return; /* early out */
-    } else if (s->fetching_send_message->Next(
-                   UINT32_MAX, GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&s->complete_fetch_locked,
-                                                 ::complete_fetch, s,
-                                                 grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx))) {
-      grpc_error_handle error =
-          s->fetching_send_message->Pull(&s->fetching_slice);
-      if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-        s->fetching_send_message.reset();
-        grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(t, s, error);
-      } else {
-        add_fetched_slice_locked(t, s);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-static void complete_fetch(void* gs, grpc_error_handle error) {
-  grpc_chttp2_stream* s = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_stream*>(gs);
-  s->t->combiner->Run(GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&s->complete_fetch_locked,
-                                        ::complete_fetch_locked, s, nullptr),
-                      GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-}
-
-static void complete_fetch_locked(void* gs, grpc_error_handle error) {
-  grpc_chttp2_stream* s = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_stream*>(gs);
-  grpc_chttp2_transport* t = s->t;
-  if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    error = s->fetching_send_message->Pull(&s->fetching_slice);
-    if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      add_fetched_slice_locked(t, s);
-      continue_fetching_send_locked(t, s);
-    }
-  }
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    s->fetching_send_message.reset();
-    grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(t, s, error);
-  }
-}
-
 static void log_metadata(const grpc_metadata_batch* md_batch, uint32_t id,
                          bool is_client, bool is_initial) {
+  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "--metadata--");
   const std::string prefix = absl::StrCat(
       "HTTP:", id, is_initial ? ":HDR" : ":TRL", is_client ? ":CLI:" : ":SVR:");
   md_batch->Log([&prefix](absl::string_view key, absl::string_view value) {
@@ -1425,8 +1314,6 @@ static void log_metadata(const grpc_metadata_batch* md_batch, uint32_t id,
 
 static void perform_stream_op_locked(void* stream_op,
                                      grpc_error_handle /*error_ignored*/) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("perform_stream_op_locked", 0);
-
   grpc_transport_stream_op_batch* op =
       static_cast<grpc_transport_stream_op_batch*>(stream_op);
   grpc_chttp2_stream* s =
@@ -1434,14 +1321,12 @@ static void perform_stream_op_locked(void* stream_op,
   grpc_transport_stream_op_batch_payload* op_payload = op->payload;
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = s->t;
 
-  GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_OP_BATCHES();
-
   s->context = op->payload->context;
   s->traced = op->is_traced;
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_http_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
             "perform_stream_op_locked[s=%p; op=%p]: %s; on_complete = %p", s,
-            op, grpc_transport_stream_op_batch_string(op).c_str(),
+            op, grpc_transport_stream_op_batch_string(op, false).c_str(),
             op->on_complete);
     if (op->send_initial_metadata) {
       log_metadata(op_payload->send_initial_metadata.send_initial_metadata,
@@ -1453,6 +1338,14 @@ static void perform_stream_op_locked(void* stream_op,
     }
   }
 
+  auto* tracer = CallTracerIfEnabled(s);
+  if (tracer != nullptr) {
+    tracer->RecordAnnotation(absl::StrFormat(
+        "perform_stream_op_locked[s=%p; op=%p]: %s; on_complete = %p", s, op,
+        grpc_transport_stream_op_batch_string(op, true).c_str(),
+        op->on_complete));
+  }
+
   grpc_closure* on_complete = op->on_complete;
   // on_complete will be null if and only if there are no send ops in the batch.
   if (on_complete != nullptr) {
@@ -1463,7 +1356,6 @@ static void perform_stream_op_locked(void* stream_op,
   }
 
   if (op->cancel_stream) {
-    GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_OP_CANCEL();
     grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(t, s, op_payload->cancel_stream.cancel_error);
   }
 
@@ -1471,9 +1363,8 @@ static void perform_stream_op_locked(void* stream_op,
     if (t->is_client && t->channelz_socket != nullptr) {
       t->channelz_socket->RecordStreamStartedFromLocal();
     }
-    GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_OP_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA();
     GPR_ASSERT(s->send_initial_metadata_finished == nullptr);
-    on_complete->next_data.scratch |= CLOSURE_BARRIER_MAY_COVER_WRITE;
+    on_complete->next_data.scratch |= t->closure_barrier_may_cover_write;
 
     s->send_initial_metadata_finished = add_closure_barrier(on_complete);
     s->send_initial_metadata =
@@ -1489,7 +1380,7 @@ static void perform_stream_op_locked(void* stream_op,
     }
     if (!s->write_closed) {
       if (t->is_client) {
-        if (t->closed_with_error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+        if (t->closed_with_error.ok()) {
           GPR_ASSERT(s->id == 0);
           grpc_chttp2_list_add_waiting_for_concurrency(t, s);
           maybe_start_some_streams(t);
@@ -1500,16 +1391,16 @@ static void perform_stream_op_locked(void* stream_op,
           grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(
               t, s,
               grpc_error_set_int(
-                  GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
-                      "Transport closed", &t->closed_with_error, 1),
-                  GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS, GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE));
+                  GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING("Transport closed",
+                                                &t->closed_with_error, 1),
+                  grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kRpcStatus,
+                  GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE));
         }
       } else {
         GPR_ASSERT(s->id != 0);
         grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(t, s);
         if (!(op->send_message &&
-              (op->payload->send_message.send_message->flags() &
-               GRPC_WRITE_BUFFER_HINT))) {
+              (op->payload->send_message.flags & GRPC_WRITE_BUFFER_HINT))) {
           grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(
               t, GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA);
         }
@@ -1518,47 +1409,38 @@ static void perform_stream_op_locked(void* stream_op,
       s->send_initial_metadata = nullptr;
       grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(
           t, s, &s->send_initial_metadata_finished,
-          GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
+          GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING(
               "Attempt to send initial metadata after stream was closed",
               &s->write_closed_error, 1),
           "send_initial_metadata_finished");
     }
-    if (op_payload->send_initial_metadata.peer_string != nullptr) {
-      gpr_atm_rel_store(op_payload->send_initial_metadata.peer_string,
-                        (gpr_atm)t->peer_string.c_str());
-    }
   }
 
   if (op->send_message) {
-    GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_OP_SEND_MESSAGE();
     t->num_messages_in_next_write++;
-    GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_SEND_MESSAGE_SIZE(
-        op->payload->send_message.send_message->length());
-    on_complete->next_data.scratch |= CLOSURE_BARRIER_MAY_COVER_WRITE;
-    s->fetching_send_message_finished = add_closure_barrier(op->on_complete);
+    grpc_core::global_stats().IncrementHttp2SendMessageSize(
+        op->payload->send_message.send_message->Length());
+    on_complete->next_data.scratch |= t->closure_barrier_may_cover_write;
+    s->send_message_finished = add_closure_barrier(op->on_complete);
+    const uint32_t flags = op_payload->send_message.flags;
     if (s->write_closed) {
       op->payload->send_message.stream_write_closed = true;
       // We should NOT return an error here, so as to avoid a cancel OP being
       // started. The surface layer will notice that the stream has been closed
       // for writes and fail the send message op.
-      op->payload->send_message.send_message.reset();
-      grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(
-          t, s, &s->fetching_send_message_finished, GRPC_ERROR_NONE,
-          "fetching_send_message_finished");
+      grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(t, s, &s->send_message_finished,
+                                        absl::OkStatus(),
+                                        "fetching_send_message_finished");
     } else {
-      GPR_ASSERT(s->fetching_send_message == nullptr);
       uint8_t* frame_hdr = grpc_slice_buffer_tiny_add(
           &s->flow_controlled_buffer, GRPC_HEADER_SIZE_IN_BYTES);
-      uint32_t flags = op_payload->send_message.send_message->flags();
       frame_hdr[0] = (flags & GRPC_WRITE_INTERNAL_COMPRESS) != 0;
-      size_t len = op_payload->send_message.send_message->length();
+      size_t len = op_payload->send_message.send_message->Length();
       frame_hdr[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(len >> 24);
       frame_hdr[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(len >> 16);
       frame_hdr[3] = static_cast<uint8_t>(len >> 8);
       frame_hdr[4] = static_cast<uint8_t>(len);
-      s->fetching_send_message =
-          std::move(op_payload->send_message.send_message);
-      s->fetched_send_message_length = 0;
+
       s->next_message_end_offset =
           s->flow_controlled_bytes_written +
           static_cast<int64_t>(s->flow_controlled_buffer.length) +
@@ -1569,15 +1451,50 @@ static void perform_stream_op_locked(void* stream_op,
       } else {
         s->write_buffering = false;
       }
-      continue_fetching_send_locked(t, s);
-      maybe_become_writable_due_to_send_msg(t, s);
+
+      grpc_slice* const slices =
+          op_payload->send_message.send_message->c_slice_buffer()->slices;
+      grpc_slice* const end =
+          slices + op_payload->send_message.send_message->Count();
+      for (grpc_slice* slice = slices; slice != end; slice++) {
+        grpc_slice_buffer_add(&s->flow_controlled_buffer,
+                              grpc_core::CSliceRef(*slice));
+      }
+
+      int64_t notify_offset = s->next_message_end_offset;
+      if (notify_offset <= s->flow_controlled_bytes_written) {
+        grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(t, s, &s->send_message_finished,
+                                          absl::OkStatus(),
+                                          "fetching_send_message_finished");
+      } else {
+        grpc_chttp2_write_cb* cb = t->write_cb_pool;
+        if (cb == nullptr) {
+          cb = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_write_cb*>(gpr_malloc(sizeof(*cb)));
+        } else {
+          t->write_cb_pool = cb->next;
+        }
+        cb->call_at_byte = notify_offset;
+        cb->closure = s->send_message_finished;
+        s->send_message_finished = nullptr;
+        grpc_chttp2_write_cb** list = flags & GRPC_WRITE_THROUGH
+                                          ? &s->on_write_finished_cbs
+                                          : &s->on_flow_controlled_cbs;
+        cb->next = *list;
+        *list = cb;
+      }
+
+      if (s->id != 0 &&
+          (!s->write_buffering ||
+           s->flow_controlled_buffer.length > t->write_buffer_size)) {
+        grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(t, s);
+        grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_MESSAGE);
+      }
     }
   }
 
   if (op->send_trailing_metadata) {
-    GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_OP_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA();
     GPR_ASSERT(s->send_trailing_metadata_finished == nullptr);
-    on_complete->next_data.scratch |= CLOSURE_BARRIER_MAY_COVER_WRITE;
+    on_complete->next_data.scratch |= t->closure_barrier_may_cover_write;
     s->send_trailing_metadata_finished = add_closure_barrier(on_complete);
     s->send_trailing_metadata =
         op_payload->send_trailing_metadata.send_trailing_metadata;
@@ -1592,10 +1509,9 @@ static void perform_stream_op_locked(void* stream_op,
       grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(
           t, s, &s->send_trailing_metadata_finished,
           op->payload->send_trailing_metadata.send_trailing_metadata->empty()
-              ? GRPC_ERROR_NONE
-              : GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
-                    "Attempt to send trailing metadata after "
-                    "stream was closed"),
+              ? absl::OkStatus()
+              : GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("Attempt to send trailing metadata after "
+                                  "stream was closed"),
           "send_trailing_metadata_finished");
     } else if (s->id != 0) {
       // TODO(ctiller): check if there's flow control for any outstanding
@@ -1607,7 +1523,6 @@ static void perform_stream_op_locked(void* stream_op,
   }
 
   if (op->recv_initial_metadata) {
-    GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA();
     GPR_ASSERT(s->recv_initial_metadata_ready == nullptr);
     s->recv_initial_metadata_ready =
         op_payload->recv_initial_metadata.recv_initial_metadata_ready;
@@ -1615,41 +1530,24 @@ static void perform_stream_op_locked(void* stream_op,
         op_payload->recv_initial_metadata.recv_initial_metadata;
     s->trailing_metadata_available =
         op_payload->recv_initial_metadata.trailing_metadata_available;
-    if (op_payload->recv_initial_metadata.peer_string != nullptr) {
-      gpr_atm_rel_store(op_payload->recv_initial_metadata.peer_string,
-                        (gpr_atm)t->peer_string.c_str());
+    if (s->parsed_trailers_only && s->trailing_metadata_available != nullptr) {
+      *s->trailing_metadata_available = true;
     }
     grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_initial_metadata(t, s);
   }
 
   if (op->recv_message) {
-    GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_OP_RECV_MESSAGE();
-    size_t before = 0;
     GPR_ASSERT(s->recv_message_ready == nullptr);
-    GPR_ASSERT(!s->pending_byte_stream);
     s->recv_message_ready = op_payload->recv_message.recv_message_ready;
     s->recv_message = op_payload->recv_message.recv_message;
+    s->recv_message->emplace();
+    s->recv_message_flags = op_payload->recv_message.flags;
     s->call_failed_before_recv_message =
         op_payload->recv_message.call_failed_before_recv_message;
-    if (s->id != 0) {
-      if (!s->read_closed) {
-        before = s->frame_storage.length +
-                 s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer.length;
-      }
-    }
-    grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_message(t, s);
-    if (s->id != 0) {
-      if (!s->read_closed && s->frame_storage.length == 0) {
-        size_t after = s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer_cached_length;
-        s->flow_control->IncomingByteStreamUpdate(GRPC_HEADER_SIZE_IN_BYTES,
-                                                  before - after);
-        grpc_chttp2_act_on_flowctl_action(s->flow_control->MakeAction(), t, s);
-      }
-    }
+    grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_trailing_metadata(t, s);
   }
 
   if (op->recv_trailing_metadata) {
-    GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_OP_RECV_TRAILING_METADATA();
     GPR_ASSERT(s->collecting_stats == nullptr);
     s->collecting_stats = op_payload->recv_trailing_metadata.collect_stats;
     GPR_ASSERT(s->recv_trailing_metadata_finished == nullptr);
@@ -1662,7 +1560,7 @@ static void perform_stream_op_locked(void* stream_op,
   }
 
   if (on_complete != nullptr) {
-    grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(t, s, &on_complete, GRPC_ERROR_NONE,
+    grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(t, s, &on_complete, absl::OkStatus(),
                                       "op->on_complete");
   }
 
@@ -1671,7 +1569,6 @@ static void perform_stream_op_locked(void* stream_op,
 
 static void perform_stream_op(grpc_transport* gt, grpc_stream* gs,
                               grpc_transport_stream_op_batch* op) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("perform_stream_op", 0);
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = reinterpret_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(gt);
   grpc_chttp2_stream* s = reinterpret_cast<grpc_chttp2_stream*>(gs);
 
@@ -1690,56 +1587,55 @@ static void perform_stream_op(grpc_transport* gt, grpc_stream* gs,
 
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_http_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "perform_stream_op[s=%p; op=%p]: %s", s, op,
-            grpc_transport_stream_op_batch_string(op).c_str());
+            grpc_transport_stream_op_batch_string(op, false).c_str());
   }
 
   GRPC_CHTTP2_STREAM_REF(s, "perform_stream_op");
   op->handler_private.extra_arg = gs;
   t->combiner->Run(GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&op->handler_private.closure,
                                      perform_stream_op_locked, op, nullptr),
-                   GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+                   absl::OkStatus());
 }
 
 static void cancel_pings(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, grpc_error_handle error) {
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_IF_TRACING(gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%p CANCEL PINGS: %s", t,
+                                 grpc_core::StatusToString(error).c_str()));
   // callback remaining pings: they're not allowed to call into the transport,
   //   and maybe they hold resources that need to be freed
   grpc_chttp2_ping_queue* pq = &t->ping_queue;
-  GPR_ASSERT(error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+  GPR_ASSERT(!error.ok());
   for (size_t j = 0; j < GRPC_CHTTP2_PCL_COUNT; j++) {
-    grpc_closure_list_fail_all(&pq->lists[j], GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+    grpc_closure_list_fail_all(&pq->lists[j], error);
     grpc_core::ExecCtx::RunList(DEBUG_LOCATION, &pq->lists[j]);
   }
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
 static void send_ping_locked(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                              grpc_closure* on_initiate, grpc_closure* on_ack) {
-  if (t->closed_with_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, on_initiate,
-                            GRPC_ERROR_REF(t->closed_with_error));
-    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, on_ack,
-                            GRPC_ERROR_REF(t->closed_with_error));
+  if (!t->closed_with_error.ok()) {
+    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, on_initiate, t->closed_with_error);
+    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, on_ack, t->closed_with_error);
     return;
   }
   grpc_chttp2_ping_queue* pq = &t->ping_queue;
   grpc_closure_list_append(&pq->lists[GRPC_CHTTP2_PCL_INITIATE], on_initiate,
-                           GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+                           absl::OkStatus());
   grpc_closure_list_append(&pq->lists[GRPC_CHTTP2_PCL_NEXT], on_ack,
-                           GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+                           absl::OkStatus());
 }
 
 // Specialized form of send_ping_locked for keepalive ping. If there is already
 // a ping in progress, the keepalive ping would piggyback onto that ping,
 // instead of waiting for that ping to complete and then starting a new ping.
 static void send_keepalive_ping_locked(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
-  if (t->closed_with_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+  if (!t->closed_with_error.ok()) {
     t->combiner->Run(GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->start_keepalive_ping_locked,
                                        start_keepalive_ping_locked, t, nullptr),
-                     GRPC_ERROR_REF(t->closed_with_error));
+                     t->closed_with_error);
     t->combiner->Run(
         GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->finish_keepalive_ping_locked,
                           finish_keepalive_ping_locked, t, nullptr),
-        GRPC_ERROR_REF(t->closed_with_error));
+        t->closed_with_error);
     return;
   }
   grpc_chttp2_ping_queue* pq = &t->ping_queue;
@@ -1747,39 +1643,39 @@ static void send_keepalive_ping_locked(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
     // There is a ping in flight. Add yourself to the inflight closure list.
     t->combiner->Run(GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->start_keepalive_ping_locked,
                                        start_keepalive_ping_locked, t, nullptr),
-                     GRPC_ERROR_REF(t->closed_with_error));
+                     t->closed_with_error);
     grpc_closure_list_append(
         &pq->lists[GRPC_CHTTP2_PCL_INFLIGHT],
         GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->finish_keepalive_ping_locked,
                           finish_keepalive_ping, t, grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx),
-        GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+        absl::OkStatus());
     return;
   }
   grpc_closure_list_append(
       &pq->lists[GRPC_CHTTP2_PCL_INITIATE],
       GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->start_keepalive_ping_locked, start_keepalive_ping,
                         t, grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx),
-      GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+      absl::OkStatus());
   grpc_closure_list_append(
       &pq->lists[GRPC_CHTTP2_PCL_NEXT],
       GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->finish_keepalive_ping_locked, finish_keepalive_ping,
                         t, grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx),
-      GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+      absl::OkStatus());
 }
 
-void grpc_chttp2_retry_initiate_ping(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
-  grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(tp);
+void grpc_chttp2_retry_initiate_ping(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
   t->combiner->Run(GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->retry_initiate_ping_locked,
                                      retry_initiate_ping_locked, t, nullptr),
-                   GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+                   absl::OkStatus());
 }
 
-static void retry_initiate_ping_locked(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
+static void retry_initiate_ping_locked(void* tp,
+                                       GRPC_UNUSED grpc_error_handle error) {
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(error.ok());
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(tp);
-  t->ping_state.is_delayed_ping_timer_set = false;
-  if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_RETRY_SEND_PING);
-  }
+  GPR_ASSERT(t->ping_state.delayed_ping_timer_handle.has_value());
+  t->ping_state.delayed_ping_timer_handle.reset();
+  grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_RETRY_SEND_PING);
   GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "retry_initiate_ping_locked");
 }
 
@@ -1787,7 +1683,7 @@ void grpc_chttp2_ack_ping(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, uint64_t id) {
   grpc_chttp2_ping_queue* pq = &t->ping_queue;
   if (pq->inflight_id != id) {
     gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "Unknown ping response from %s: %" PRIx64,
-            t->peer_string.c_str(), id);
+            std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str(), id);
     return;
   }
   grpc_core::ExecCtx::RunList(DEBUG_LOCATION,
@@ -1802,7 +1698,7 @@ namespace {
 // Fire and forget (deletes itself on completion). Does a graceful shutdown by
 // sending a GOAWAY frame with the last stream id set to 2^31-1, sending a ping
 // and waiting for an ack (effective waiting for an RTT) and then sending a
-// final GOAWAY freame with an updated last stream identifier. This helps ensure
+// final GOAWAY frame with an updated last stream identifier. This helps ensure
 // that a connection can be cleanly shut down without losing requests.
 // In the event, that the client does not respond to the ping for some reason,
 // we add a 20 second deadline, after which we send the second goaway.
@@ -1815,6 +1711,8 @@ class GracefulGoaway : public grpc_core::RefCounted<GracefulGoaway> {
   }
 
  private:
+  using TaskHandle = ::grpc_event_engine::experimental::EventEngine::TaskHandle;
+
   explicit GracefulGoaway(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) : t_(t) {
     t->sent_goaway_state = GRPC_CHTTP2_GRACEFUL_GOAWAY;
     GRPC_CHTTP2_REF_TRANSPORT(t_, "graceful goaway");
@@ -1822,11 +1720,17 @@ class GracefulGoaway : public grpc_core::RefCounted<GracefulGoaway> {
     send_ping_locked(
         t, nullptr, GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_ping_ack_, OnPingAck, this, nullptr));
     grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_GOAWAY_SENT);
-    Ref().release();  // Ref for the timer
-    grpc_timer_init(
-        &timer_,
-        grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Now() + grpc_core::Duration::Seconds(20),
-        GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_timer_, OnTimer, this, nullptr));
+    timer_handle_ = t_->event_engine->RunAfter(
+        grpc_core::Duration::Seconds(20),
+        [self = Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "GoawayTimer")]() mutable {
+          grpc_core::ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+          grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+          // The ref will be unreffed in the combiner.
+          auto* ptr = self.release();
+          ptr->t_->combiner->Run(
+              GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&ptr->on_timer_, OnTimerLocked, ptr, nullptr),
+              absl::OkStatus());
+        });
   }
 
   void MaybeSendFinalGoawayLocked() {
@@ -1834,12 +1738,13 @@ class GracefulGoaway : public grpc_core::RefCounted<GracefulGoaway> {
       // We already sent the final GOAWAY.
       return;
     }
-    if (t_->destroying || t_->closed_with_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      GRPC_CHTTP2_IF_TRACING(gpr_log(
-          GPR_INFO,
-          "transport:%p %s peer:%s Transport already shutting down. "
-          "Graceful GOAWAY abandoned.",
-          t_, t_->is_client ? "CLIENT" : "SERVER", t_->peer_string.c_str()));
+    if (t_->destroying || !t_->closed_with_error.ok()) {
+      GRPC_CHTTP2_IF_TRACING(
+          gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+                  "transport:%p %s peer:%s Transport already shutting down. "
+                  "Graceful GOAWAY abandoned.",
+                  t_, t_->is_client ? "CLIENT" : "SERVER",
+                  std::string(t_->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str()));
       return;
     }
     // Ping completed. Send final goaway.
@@ -1848,7 +1753,8 @@ class GracefulGoaway : public grpc_core::RefCounted<GracefulGoaway> {
                 "transport:%p %s peer:%s Graceful shutdown: Ping received. "
                 "Sending final GOAWAY with stream_id:%d",
                 t_, t_->is_client ? "CLIENT" : "SERVER",
-                t_->peer_string.c_str(), t_->last_new_stream_id));
+                std::string(t_->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str(),
+                t_->last_new_stream_id));
     t_->sent_goaway_state = GRPC_CHTTP2_FINAL_GOAWAY_SEND_SCHEDULED;
     grpc_chttp2_goaway_append(t_->last_new_stream_id, 0, grpc_empty_slice(),
                               &t_->qbuf);
@@ -1859,36 +1765,30 @@ class GracefulGoaway : public grpc_core::RefCounted<GracefulGoaway> {
     auto* self = static_cast<GracefulGoaway*>(arg);
     self->t_->combiner->Run(
         GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&self->on_ping_ack_, OnPingAckLocked, self, nullptr),
-        GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+        absl::OkStatus());
   }
 
   static void OnPingAckLocked(void* arg, grpc_error_handle /* error */) {
     auto* self = static_cast<GracefulGoaway*>(arg);
-    grpc_timer_cancel(&self->timer_);
+    if (self->timer_handle_ != TaskHandle::kInvalid) {
+      self->t_->event_engine->Cancel(
+          std::exchange(self->timer_handle_, TaskHandle::kInvalid));
+    }
     self->MaybeSendFinalGoawayLocked();
     self->Unref();
   }
 
-  static void OnTimer(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
-    auto* self = static_cast<GracefulGoaway*>(arg);
-    if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      self->Unref();
-      return;
-    }
-    self->t_->combiner->Run(
-        GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&self->on_timer_, OnTimerLocked, self, nullptr),
-        GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
-  }
-
   static void OnTimerLocked(void* arg, grpc_error_handle /* error */) {
     auto* self = static_cast<GracefulGoaway*>(arg);
+    // Clearing the handle since the timer has fired and the handle is invalid.
+    self->timer_handle_ = TaskHandle::kInvalid;
     self->MaybeSendFinalGoawayLocked();
     self->Unref();
   }
 
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t_;
   grpc_closure on_ping_ack_;
-  grpc_timer timer_;
+  TaskHandle timer_handle_ = TaskHandle::kInvalid;
   grpc_closure on_timer_;
 };
 
@@ -1911,8 +1811,10 @@ static void send_goaway(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, grpc_error_handle error,
   } else if (t->sent_goaway_state == GRPC_CHTTP2_NO_GOAWAY_SEND ||
              t->sent_goaway_state == GRPC_CHTTP2_GRACEFUL_GOAWAY) {
     // We want to log this irrespective of whether http tracing is enabled
-    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%s: Sending goaway err=%s", t->peer_string.c_str(),
-            grpc_error_std_string(error).c_str());
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%s %s: Sending goaway last_new_stream_id=%d err=%s",
+            std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str(),
+            t->is_client ? "CLIENT" : "SERVER", t->last_new_stream_id,
+            grpc_core::StatusToString(error).c_str());
     t->sent_goaway_state = GRPC_CHTTP2_FINAL_GOAWAY_SEND_SCHEDULED;
     grpc_chttp2_goaway_append(
         t->last_new_stream_id, static_cast<uint32_t>(http_error),
@@ -1921,22 +1823,21 @@ static void send_goaway(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, grpc_error_handle error,
     // Final GOAWAY has already been sent.
   }
   grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_GOAWAY_SENT);
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
 void grpc_chttp2_add_ping_strike(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
   if (++t->ping_recv_state.ping_strikes > t->ping_policy.max_ping_strikes &&
       t->ping_policy.max_ping_strikes != 0) {
     send_goaway(t,
-                grpc_error_set_int(
-                    GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("too_many_pings"),
-                    GRPC_ERROR_INT_HTTP2_ERROR, GRPC_HTTP2_ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM),
+                grpc_error_set_int(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("too_many_pings"),
+                                   grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kHttp2Error,
+                                   GRPC_HTTP2_ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM),
                 /*immediate_disconnect_hint=*/true);
     // The transport will be closed after the write is done
     close_transport_locked(
-        t, grpc_error_set_int(
-               GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("Too many pings"),
-               GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS, GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE));
+        t, grpc_error_set_int(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("Too many pings"),
+                              grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kRpcStatus,
+                              GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE));
   }
 }
 
@@ -1955,7 +1856,7 @@ static void perform_transport_op_locked(void* stream_op,
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t =
       static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(op->handler_private.extra_arg);
 
-  if (op->goaway_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+  if (!op->goaway_error.ok()) {
     send_goaway(t, op->goaway_error, /*immediate_disconnect_hint=*/false);
   }
 
@@ -1985,13 +1886,13 @@ static void perform_transport_op_locked(void* stream_op,
     t->state_tracker.RemoveWatcher(op->stop_connectivity_watch);
   }
 
-  if (op->disconnect_with_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    send_goaway(t, GRPC_ERROR_REF(op->disconnect_with_error),
+  if (!op->disconnect_with_error.ok()) {
+    send_goaway(t, op->disconnect_with_error,
                 /*immediate_disconnect_hint=*/true);
     close_transport_locked(t, op->disconnect_with_error);
   }
 
-  grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, op->on_consumed, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+  grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, op->on_consumed, absl::OkStatus());
 
   GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "transport_op");
 }
@@ -2006,7 +1907,7 @@ static void perform_transport_op(grpc_transport* gt, grpc_transport_op* op) {
   GRPC_CHTTP2_REF_TRANSPORT(t, "transport_op");
   t->combiner->Run(GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&op->handler_private.closure,
                                      perform_transport_op_locked, op, nullptr),
-                   GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+                   absl::OkStatus());
 }
 
 //
@@ -2018,14 +1919,11 @@ void grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_initial_metadata(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
   if (s->recv_initial_metadata_ready != nullptr &&
       s->published_metadata[0] != GRPC_METADATA_NOT_PUBLISHED) {
     if (s->seen_error) {
-      grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(&s->frame_storage);
-      if (!s->pending_byte_stream) {
-        grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(
-            &s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer);
-      }
+      grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref(&s->frame_storage);
     }
     *s->recv_initial_metadata = std::move(s->initial_metadata_buffer);
-    s->recv_initial_metadata->Set(grpc_core::PeerString(), t->peer_string);
+    s->recv_initial_metadata->Set(grpc_core::PeerString(),
+                                  t->peer_string.Ref());
     // If we didn't receive initial metadata from the wire and instead faked a
     // status (due to stream cancellations for example), let upper layers know
     // that trailing metadata is immediately available.
@@ -2039,89 +1937,107 @@ void grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_initial_metadata(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
   }
 }
 
-void grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_message(grpc_chttp2_transport* /*t*/,
+void grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_message(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                                              grpc_chttp2_stream* s) {
-  grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
-  if (s->recv_message_ready != nullptr) {
-    *s->recv_message = nullptr;
-    if (s->final_metadata_requested && s->seen_error) {
-      grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(&s->frame_storage);
-      if (!s->pending_byte_stream) {
-        grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(
-            &s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer);
-      }
+  if (s->recv_message_ready == nullptr) return;
+
+  grpc_core::chttp2::StreamFlowControl::IncomingUpdateContext upd(
+      &s->flow_control);
+  grpc_error_handle error;
+
+  // Lambda is immediately invoked as a big scoped section that can be
+  // exited out of at any point by returning.
+  [&]() {
+    if (grpc_http_trace.enabled()) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
+              "maybe_complete_recv_message %p final_metadata_requested=%d "
+              "seen_error=%d",
+              s, s->final_metadata_requested, s->seen_error);
     }
-    if (!s->pending_byte_stream) {
-      while (s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer.length > 0 ||
-             s->frame_storage.length > 0) {
-        if (s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer.length == 0) {
-          grpc_slice_buffer_swap(&s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer,
-                                 &s->frame_storage);
-        }
-        error = grpc_deframe_unprocessed_incoming_frames(
-            &s->data_parser, s, &s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer, nullptr,
-            s->recv_message);
-        if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-          s->seen_error = true;
-          grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(&s->frame_storage);
-          grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(
-              &s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer);
-          break;
-        } else if (*s->recv_message != nullptr) {
-          break;
+    if (s->final_metadata_requested && s->seen_error) {
+      grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref(&s->frame_storage);
+      s->recv_message->reset();
+    } else {
+      if (s->frame_storage.length != 0) {
+        while (true) {
+          GPR_ASSERT(s->frame_storage.length > 0);
+          int64_t min_progress_size;
+          auto r = grpc_deframe_unprocessed_incoming_frames(
+              s, &min_progress_size, &**s->recv_message, s->recv_message_flags);
+          if (grpc_http_trace.enabled()) {
+            gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "Deframe data frame: %s",
+                    grpc_core::PollToString(r, [](absl::Status r) {
+                      return r.ToString();
+                    }).c_str());
+          }
+          if (r.pending()) {
+            if (s->read_closed) {
+              grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref(&s->frame_storage);
+              s->recv_message->reset();
+              break;
+            } else {
+              upd.SetMinProgressSize(min_progress_size);
+              return;  // Out of lambda to enclosing function
+            }
+          } else {
+            error = std::move(r.value());
+            if (!error.ok()) {
+              s->seen_error = true;
+              grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref(&s->frame_storage);
+              break;
+            } else {
+              if (t->channelz_socket != nullptr) {
+                t->channelz_socket->RecordMessageReceived();
+              }
+              break;
+            }
+          }
         }
+      } else if (s->read_closed) {
+        s->recv_message->reset();
+      } else {
+        upd.SetMinProgressSize(GRPC_HEADER_SIZE_IN_BYTES);
+        return;  // Out of lambda to enclosing function
       }
     }
     // save the length of the buffer before handing control back to application
     // threads. Needed to support correct flow control bookkeeping
-    s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer_cached_length =
-        s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer.length;
-    if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE && *s->recv_message != nullptr) {
+    if (error.ok() && s->recv_message->has_value()) {
       null_then_sched_closure(&s->recv_message_ready);
     } else if (s->published_metadata[1] != GRPC_METADATA_NOT_PUBLISHED) {
-      *s->recv_message = nullptr;
       if (s->call_failed_before_recv_message != nullptr) {
         *s->call_failed_before_recv_message =
             (s->published_metadata[1] != GRPC_METADATA_PUBLISHED_AT_CLOSE);
       }
       null_then_sched_closure(&s->recv_message_ready);
     }
-    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
-  }
+  }();
+
+  upd.SetPendingSize(s->frame_storage.length);
+  grpc_chttp2_act_on_flowctl_action(upd.MakeAction(), t, s);
 }
 
 void grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_trailing_metadata(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                                                        grpc_chttp2_stream* s) {
   grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_message(t, s);
+  if (grpc_http_trace.enabled()) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
+            "maybe_complete_recv_trailing_metadata cli=%d s=%p closure=%p "
+            "read_closed=%d "
+            "write_closed=%d %" PRIdPTR,
+            t->is_client, s, s->recv_trailing_metadata_finished, s->read_closed,
+            s->write_closed, s->frame_storage.length);
+  }
   if (s->recv_trailing_metadata_finished != nullptr && s->read_closed &&
       s->write_closed) {
     if (s->seen_error || !t->is_client) {
-      grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(&s->frame_storage);
-      if (!s->pending_byte_stream) {
-        grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(
-            &s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer);
-      }
-    }
-    bool pending_data = s->pending_byte_stream ||
-                        s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer.length > 0;
-    if (s->read_closed && s->frame_storage.length > 0 && !pending_data &&
-        !s->seen_error && s->recv_trailing_metadata_finished != nullptr) {
-      // Maybe some SYNC_FLUSH data is left in frame_storage. Consume them and
-      // maybe decompress the next 5 bytes in the stream.
-      grpc_slice_buffer_move_first(
-          &s->frame_storage,
-          std::min(s->frame_storage.length, size_t(GRPC_HEADER_SIZE_IN_BYTES)),
-          &s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer);
-      if (s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer.length > 0) {
-        pending_data = true;
-      }
+      grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref(&s->frame_storage);
     }
-    if (s->read_closed && s->frame_storage.length == 0 && !pending_data &&
+    if (s->read_closed && s->frame_storage.length == 0 &&
         s->recv_trailing_metadata_finished != nullptr) {
       grpc_transport_move_stats(&s->stats, s->collecting_stats);
       s->collecting_stats = nullptr;
       *s->recv_trailing_metadata = std::move(s->trailing_metadata_buffer);
-      s->recv_trailing_metadata->Set(grpc_core::PeerString(), t->peer_string);
       null_then_sched_closure(&s->recv_trailing_metadata_finished);
     }
   }
@@ -2129,33 +2045,18 @@ void grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_trailing_metadata(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
 
 static void remove_stream(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, uint32_t id,
                           grpc_error_handle error) {
-  grpc_chttp2_stream* s = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_stream*>(
-      grpc_chttp2_stream_map_delete(&t->stream_map, id));
+  grpc_chttp2_stream* s = t->stream_map.extract(id).mapped();
   GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(s);
   if (t->incoming_stream == s) {
     t->incoming_stream = nullptr;
     grpc_chttp2_parsing_become_skip_parser(t);
   }
-  if (s->pending_byte_stream) {
-    if (s->on_next != nullptr) {
-      grpc_core::Chttp2IncomingByteStream* bs = s->data_parser.parsing_frame;
-      if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-        error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("Truncated message");
-      }
-      bs->PublishError(error);
-      bs->Unref();
-      s->data_parser.parsing_frame = nullptr;
-    } else {
-      GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(s->byte_stream_error);
-      s->byte_stream_error = GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);
-    }
-  }
 
-  if (grpc_chttp2_stream_map_size(&t->stream_map) == 0) {
+  if (t->stream_map.empty()) {
     post_benign_reclaimer(t);
     if (t->sent_goaway_state == GRPC_CHTTP2_FINAL_GOAWAY_SENT) {
       close_transport_locked(
-          t, GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
+          t, GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING(
                  "Last stream closed after sending GOAWAY", &error, 1));
     }
   }
@@ -2165,8 +2066,6 @@ static void remove_stream(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, uint32_t id,
   grpc_chttp2_list_remove_stalled_by_stream(t, s);
   grpc_chttp2_list_remove_stalled_by_transport(t, s);
 
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
-
   maybe_start_some_streams(t);
 }
 
@@ -2188,7 +2087,7 @@ void grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, grpc_chttp2_stream* s,
       grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_RST_STREAM);
     }
   }
-  if (due_to_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE && !s->seen_error) {
+  if (!due_to_error.ok() && !s->seen_error) {
     s->seen_error = true;
   }
   grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_closed(t, s, 1, 1, due_to_error);
@@ -2210,7 +2109,8 @@ void grpc_chttp2_fake_status(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, grpc_chttp2_stream* s,
   //   what we want - which is safe because we haven't told anyone
   //   about the metadata yet
   if (s->published_metadata[1] == GRPC_METADATA_NOT_PUBLISHED ||
-      s->recv_trailing_metadata_finished != nullptr) {
+      s->recv_trailing_metadata_finished != nullptr ||
+      !s->final_metadata_requested) {
     s->trailing_metadata_buffer.Set(grpc_core::GrpcStatusMetadata(), status);
     if (!message.empty()) {
       s->trailing_metadata_buffer.Set(
@@ -2220,13 +2120,11 @@ void grpc_chttp2_fake_status(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, grpc_chttp2_stream* s,
     s->published_metadata[1] = GRPC_METADATA_SYNTHESIZED_FROM_FAKE;
     grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_trailing_metadata(t, s);
   }
-
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
 static void add_error(grpc_error_handle error, grpc_error_handle* refs,
                       size_t* nrefs) {
-  if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return;
+  if (error.ok()) return;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < *nrefs; i++) {
     if (error == refs[i]) {
       return;
@@ -2244,12 +2142,10 @@ static grpc_error_handle removal_error(grpc_error_handle extra_error,
   add_error(s->read_closed_error, refs, &nrefs);
   add_error(s->write_closed_error, refs, &nrefs);
   add_error(extra_error, refs, &nrefs);
-  grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  grpc_error_handle error;
   if (nrefs > 0) {
-    error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_STATIC_STRING(main_error_msg,
-                                                             refs, nrefs);
+    error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING(main_error_msg, refs, nrefs);
   }
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(extra_error);
   return error;
 }
 
@@ -2259,12 +2155,11 @@ static void flush_write_list(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, grpc_chttp2_stream* s,
   while (*list) {
     grpc_chttp2_write_cb* cb = *list;
     *list = cb->next;
-    grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(t, s, &cb->closure, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error),
+    grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(t, s, &cb->closure, error,
                                       "on_write_finished_cb");
     cb->next = t->write_cb_pool;
     t->write_cb_pool = cb;
   }
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
 void grpc_chttp2_fail_pending_writes(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
@@ -2274,30 +2169,34 @@ void grpc_chttp2_fail_pending_writes(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
       removal_error(error, s, "Pending writes failed due to stream closure");
   s->send_initial_metadata = nullptr;
   grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(t, s, &s->send_initial_metadata_finished,
-                                    GRPC_ERROR_REF(error),
-                                    "send_initial_metadata_finished");
+                                    error, "send_initial_metadata_finished");
 
   s->send_trailing_metadata = nullptr;
   s->sent_trailing_metadata_op = nullptr;
   grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(t, s, &s->send_trailing_metadata_finished,
-                                    GRPC_ERROR_REF(error),
-                                    "send_trailing_metadata_finished");
+                                    error, "send_trailing_metadata_finished");
 
-  s->fetching_send_message.reset();
-  grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(t, s, &s->fetching_send_message_finished,
-                                    GRPC_ERROR_REF(error),
+  grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(t, s, &s->send_message_finished, error,
                                     "fetching_send_message_finished");
-  flush_write_list(t, s, &s->on_write_finished_cbs, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+  flush_write_list(t, s, &s->on_write_finished_cbs, error);
   flush_write_list(t, s, &s->on_flow_controlled_cbs, error);
 }
 
 void grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_closed(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                                     grpc_chttp2_stream* s, int close_reads,
                                     int close_writes, grpc_error_handle error) {
+  if (grpc_http_trace.enabled()) {
+    gpr_log(
+        GPR_DEBUG, "MARK_STREAM_CLOSED: t=%p s=%p(id=%d) %s [%s]", t, s, s->id,
+        (close_reads && close_writes)
+            ? "read+write"
+            : (close_reads ? "read" : (close_writes ? "write" : "nothing??")),
+        grpc_core::StatusToString(error).c_str());
+  }
   if (s->read_closed && s->write_closed) {
     // already closed, but we should still fake the status if needed.
     grpc_error_handle overall_error = removal_error(error, s, "Stream removed");
-    if (overall_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    if (!overall_error.ok()) {
       grpc_chttp2_fake_status(t, s, overall_error);
     }
     grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_trailing_metadata(t, s);
@@ -2306,26 +2205,25 @@ void grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_closed(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
   bool closed_read = false;
   bool became_closed = false;
   if (close_reads && !s->read_closed) {
-    s->read_closed_error = GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);
+    s->read_closed_error = error;
     s->read_closed = true;
     closed_read = true;
   }
   if (close_writes && !s->write_closed) {
-    s->write_closed_error = GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);
+    s->write_closed_error = error;
     s->write_closed = true;
-    grpc_chttp2_fail_pending_writes(t, s, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+    grpc_chttp2_fail_pending_writes(t, s, error);
   }
   if (s->read_closed && s->write_closed) {
     became_closed = true;
-    grpc_error_handle overall_error =
-        removal_error(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error), s, "Stream removed");
+    grpc_error_handle overall_error = removal_error(error, s, "Stream removed");
     if (s->id != 0) {
-      remove_stream(t, s->id, GRPC_ERROR_REF(overall_error));
+      remove_stream(t, s->id, overall_error);
     } else {
       // Purge streams waiting on concurrency still waiting for id assignment
       grpc_chttp2_list_remove_waiting_for_concurrency(t, s);
     }
-    if (overall_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    if (!overall_error.ok()) {
       grpc_chttp2_fake_status(t, s, overall_error);
     }
   }
@@ -2339,10 +2237,11 @@ void grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_closed(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
     grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_message(t, s);
   }
   if (became_closed) {
+    s->stats.latency =
+        gpr_time_sub(gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC), s->creation_time);
     grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_trailing_metadata(t, s);
     GRPC_CHTTP2_STREAM_UNREF(s, "chttp2");
   }
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
 static void close_from_api(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, grpc_chttp2_stream* s,
@@ -2425,8 +2324,8 @@ static void close_from_api(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, grpc_chttp2_stream* s,
 
   status_hdr = GRPC_SLICE_MALLOC(15 + (grpc_status >= 10));
   p = GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(status_hdr);
-  *p++ = 0x00; /* literal header, not indexed */
-  *p++ = 11;   /* len(grpc-status) */
+  *p++ = 0x00;  // literal header, not indexed
+  *p++ = 11;    // len(grpc-status)
   *p++ = 'g';
   *p++ = 'r';
   *p++ = 'p';
@@ -2451,11 +2350,11 @@ static void close_from_api(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, grpc_chttp2_stream* s,
 
   size_t msg_len = message.length();
   GPR_ASSERT(msg_len <= UINT32_MAX);
-  grpc_core::VarintWriter<1> msg_len_writer(msg_len);
+  grpc_core::VarintWriter<1> msg_len_writer(static_cast<uint32_t>(msg_len));
   message_pfx = GRPC_SLICE_MALLOC(14 + msg_len_writer.length());
   p = GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(message_pfx);
-  *p++ = 0x00; /* literal header, not indexed */
-  *p++ = 12;   /* len(grpc-message) */
+  *p++ = 0x00;  // literal header, not indexed
+  *p++ = 12;    // len(grpc-message)
   *p++ = 'g';
   *p++ = 'r';
   *p++ = 'p';
@@ -2504,30 +2403,24 @@ static void close_from_api(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, grpc_chttp2_stream* s,
   grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_CLOSE_FROM_API);
 }
 
-struct cancel_stream_cb_args {
-  grpc_error_handle error;
-  grpc_chttp2_transport* t;
-};
-
-static void cancel_stream_cb(void* user_data, uint32_t /*key*/, void* stream) {
-  cancel_stream_cb_args* args = static_cast<cancel_stream_cb_args*>(user_data);
-  grpc_chttp2_stream* s = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_stream*>(stream);
-  grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(args->t, s, GRPC_ERROR_REF(args->error));
-}
-
 static void end_all_the_calls(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                               grpc_error_handle error) {
   intptr_t http2_error;
   // If there is no explicit grpc or HTTP/2 error, set to UNAVAILABLE on server.
   if (!t->is_client && !grpc_error_has_clear_grpc_status(error) &&
-      !grpc_error_get_int(error, GRPC_ERROR_INT_HTTP2_ERROR, &http2_error)) {
-    error = grpc_error_set_int(error, GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS,
+      !grpc_error_get_int(error, grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kHttp2Error,
+                          &http2_error)) {
+    error = grpc_error_set_int(error, grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kRpcStatus,
                                GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE);
   }
-  cancel_unstarted_streams(t, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-  cancel_stream_cb_args args = {error, t};
-  grpc_chttp2_stream_map_for_each(&t->stream_map, cancel_stream_cb, &args);
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
+  cancel_unstarted_streams(t, error);
+  std::vector<grpc_chttp2_stream*> to_cancel;
+  for (auto id_stream : t->stream_map) {
+    to_cancel.push_back(id_stream.second);
+  }
+  for (auto s : to_cancel) {
+    grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(t, s, error);
+  }
 }
 
 //
@@ -2554,8 +2447,11 @@ void grpc_chttp2_act_on_flowctl_action(
     const grpc_core::chttp2::FlowControlAction& action,
     grpc_chttp2_transport* t, grpc_chttp2_stream* s) {
   WithUrgency(t, action.send_stream_update(),
-              GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_STREAM_FLOW_CONTROL,
-              [t, s]() { grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(t, s); });
+              GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_STREAM_FLOW_CONTROL, [t, s]() {
+                if (s->id != 0 && !s->read_closed) {
+                  grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(t, s);
+                }
+              });
   WithUrgency(t, action.send_transport_update(),
               GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL, []() {});
   WithUrgency(t, action.send_initial_window_update(),
@@ -2569,31 +2465,39 @@ void grpc_chttp2_act_on_flowctl_action(
                 queue_setting_update(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE,
                                      action.max_frame_size());
               });
+  if (t->enable_preferred_rx_crypto_frame_advertisement) {
+    WithUrgency(
+        t, action.preferred_rx_crypto_frame_size_update(),
+        GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_SETTINGS, [t, &action]() {
+          queue_setting_update(
+              t, GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_GRPC_PREFERRED_RECEIVE_CRYPTO_FRAME_SIZE,
+              action.preferred_rx_crypto_frame_size());
+        });
+  }
 }
 
 static grpc_error_handle try_http_parsing(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
   grpc_http_parser parser;
   size_t i = 0;
-  grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  grpc_error_handle error;
   grpc_http_response response;
 
   grpc_http_parser_init(&parser, GRPC_HTTP_RESPONSE, &response);
 
-  grpc_error_handle parse_error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
-  for (; i < t->read_buffer.count && parse_error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE; i++) {
+  grpc_error_handle parse_error;
+  for (; i < t->read_buffer.count && parse_error.ok(); i++) {
     parse_error =
         grpc_http_parser_parse(&parser, t->read_buffer.slices[i], nullptr);
   }
-  if (parse_error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE &&
-      (parse_error = grpc_http_parser_eof(&parser)) == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+  if (parse_error.ok() &&
+      (parse_error = grpc_http_parser_eof(&parser)) == absl::OkStatus()) {
     error = grpc_error_set_int(
-        grpc_error_set_int(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
-                               "Trying to connect an http1.x server"),
-                           GRPC_ERROR_INT_HTTP_STATUS, response.status),
-        GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS,
+        grpc_error_set_int(
+            GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("Trying to connect an http1.x server"),
+            grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kHttpStatus, response.status),
+        grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kRpcStatus,
         grpc_http2_status_to_grpc_status(response.status));
   }
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(parse_error);
 
   grpc_http_parser_destroy(&parser);
   grpc_http_response_destroy(&response);
@@ -2604,44 +2508,31 @@ static void read_action(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(tp);
   t->combiner->Run(
       GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->read_action_locked, read_action_locked, t, nullptr),
-      GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+      error);
 }
 
 static void read_action_locked(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("reading_action_locked", 0);
-
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(tp);
 
-  (void)GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);
-
   grpc_error_handle err = error;
-  if (err != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    err = grpc_error_set_int(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
-                                 "Endpoint read failed", &err, 1),
-                             GRPC_ERROR_INT_OCCURRED_DURING_WRITE,
-                             t->write_state);
+  if (!err.ok()) {
+    err = grpc_error_set_int(
+        GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING("Endpoint read failed", &err, 1),
+        grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kOccurredDuringWrite, t->write_state);
   }
   std::swap(err, error);
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(err);
-  if (t->closed_with_error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("reading_action.parse", 0);
+  if (t->closed_with_error.ok()) {
     size_t i = 0;
-    grpc_error_handle errors[3] = {GRPC_ERROR_REF(error), GRPC_ERROR_NONE,
-                                   GRPC_ERROR_NONE};
-    for (; i < t->read_buffer.count && errors[1] == GRPC_ERROR_NONE; i++) {
+    grpc_error_handle errors[3] = {error, absl::OkStatus(), absl::OkStatus()};
+    for (; i < t->read_buffer.count && errors[1] == absl::OkStatus(); i++) {
       errors[1] = grpc_chttp2_perform_read(t, t->read_buffer.slices[i]);
     }
-    if (errors[1] != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    if (errors[1] != absl::OkStatus()) {
       errors[2] = try_http_parsing(t);
-      GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
-      error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
-          "Failed parsing HTTP/2", errors, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(errors));
-    }
-    for (i = 0; i < GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(errors); i++) {
-      GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(errors[i]);
+      error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING("Failed parsing HTTP/2", errors,
+                                            GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(errors));
     }
 
-    GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("post_parse_locked", 0);
     if (t->initial_window_update != 0) {
       if (t->initial_window_update > 0) {
         grpc_chttp2_stream* s;
@@ -2655,29 +2546,28 @@ static void read_action_locked(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
     }
   }
 
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("post_reading_action_locked", 0);
   bool keep_reading = false;
-  if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE && t->closed_with_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
-        "Transport closed", &t->closed_with_error, 1);
+  if (error.ok() && !t->closed_with_error.ok()) {
+    error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING("Transport closed",
+                                          &t->closed_with_error, 1);
   }
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+  if (!error.ok()) {
     // If a goaway frame was received, this might be the reason why the read
     // failed. Add this info to the error
-    if (t->goaway_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      error = grpc_error_add_child(error, GRPC_ERROR_REF(t->goaway_error));
+    if (!t->goaway_error.ok()) {
+      error = grpc_error_add_child(error, t->goaway_error);
     }
 
-    close_transport_locked(t, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+    close_transport_locked(t, error);
     t->endpoint_reading = 0;
-  } else if (t->closed_with_error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+  } else if (t->closed_with_error.ok()) {
     keep_reading = true;
     // Since we have read a byte, reset the keepalive timer
     if (t->keepalive_state == GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_WAITING) {
-      grpc_timer_cancel(&t->keepalive_ping_timer);
+      maybe_reset_keepalive_ping_timer_locked(t);
     }
   }
-  grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(&t->read_buffer);
+  grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref(&t->read_buffer);
 
   if (keep_reading) {
     if (t->num_pending_induced_frames >= DEFAULT_MAX_PENDING_INDUCED_FRAMES) {
@@ -2693,23 +2583,20 @@ static void read_action_locked(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
   } else {
     GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "reading_action");
   }
-
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
 static void continue_read_action_locked(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
-  const bool urgent = t->goaway_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  const bool urgent = !t->goaway_error.ok();
   GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->read_action_locked, read_action, t,
                     grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
   grpc_endpoint_read(t->ep, &t->read_buffer, &t->read_action_locked, urgent,
-                     /*min_progress_size=*/1);
-  grpc_chttp2_act_on_flowctl_action(t->flow_control->MakeAction(), t, nullptr);
+                     grpc_chttp2_min_read_progress_size(t));
 }
 
 // t is reffed prior to calling the first time, and once the callback chain
 // that kicks off finishes, it's unreffed
 void schedule_bdp_ping_locked(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
-  t->flow_control->bdp_estimator()->SchedulePing();
+  t->flow_control.bdp_estimator()->SchedulePing();
   send_ping_locked(
       t,
       GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->start_bdp_ping_locked, start_bdp_ping, t,
@@ -2723,23 +2610,24 @@ static void start_bdp_ping(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(tp);
   t->combiner->Run(GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->start_bdp_ping_locked,
                                      start_bdp_ping_locked, t, nullptr),
-                   GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+                   error);
 }
 
 static void start_bdp_ping_locked(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(tp);
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_http_trace)) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s: Start BDP ping err=%s", t->peer_string.c_str(),
-            grpc_error_std_string(error).c_str());
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s: Start BDP ping err=%s",
+            std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str(),
+            grpc_core::StatusToString(error).c_str());
   }
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE || t->closed_with_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+  if (!error.ok() || !t->closed_with_error.ok()) {
     return;
   }
   // Reset the keepalive ping timer
   if (t->keepalive_state == GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_WAITING) {
-    grpc_timer_cancel(&t->keepalive_ping_timer);
+    maybe_reset_keepalive_ping_timer_locked(t);
   }
-  t->flow_control->bdp_estimator()->StartPing();
+  t->flow_control.bdp_estimator()->StartPing();
   t->bdp_ping_started = true;
 }
 
@@ -2747,16 +2635,17 @@ static void finish_bdp_ping(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(tp);
   t->combiner->Run(GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->finish_bdp_ping_locked,
                                      finish_bdp_ping_locked, t, nullptr),
-                   GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+                   error);
 }
 
 static void finish_bdp_ping_locked(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(tp);
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_http_trace)) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s: Complete BDP ping err=%s", t->peer_string.c_str(),
-            grpc_error_std_string(error).c_str());
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s: Complete BDP ping err=%s",
+            std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str(),
+            grpc_core::StatusToString(error).c_str());
   }
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE || t->closed_with_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+  if (!error.ok() || !t->closed_with_error.ok()) {
     GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "bdp_ping");
     return;
   }
@@ -2765,40 +2654,37 @@ static void finish_bdp_ping_locked(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
     // finish_bdp_ping_locked to be run later.
     t->combiner->Run(GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->finish_bdp_ping_locked,
                                        finish_bdp_ping_locked, t, nullptr),
-                     GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+                     error);
     return;
   }
   t->bdp_ping_started = false;
   grpc_core::Timestamp next_ping =
-      t->flow_control->bdp_estimator()->CompletePing();
-  grpc_chttp2_act_on_flowctl_action(t->flow_control->PeriodicUpdate(), t,
+      t->flow_control.bdp_estimator()->CompletePing();
+  grpc_chttp2_act_on_flowctl_action(t->flow_control.PeriodicUpdate(), t,
                                     nullptr);
-  GPR_ASSERT(!t->have_next_bdp_ping_timer);
-  t->have_next_bdp_ping_timer = true;
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->next_bdp_ping_timer_expired_locked,
-                    next_bdp_ping_timer_expired, t, grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-  grpc_timer_init(&t->next_bdp_ping_timer, next_ping,
-                  &t->next_bdp_ping_timer_expired_locked);
+  GPR_ASSERT(!t->next_bdp_ping_timer_handle.has_value());
+  t->next_bdp_ping_timer_handle =
+      t->event_engine->RunAfter(next_ping - grpc_core::Timestamp::Now(), [t] {
+        grpc_core::ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+        grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+        next_bdp_ping_timer_expired(t);
+      });
 }
 
-static void next_bdp_ping_timer_expired(void* tp, grpc_error_handle error) {
-  grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(tp);
+static void next_bdp_ping_timer_expired(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
   t->combiner->Run(
       GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->next_bdp_ping_timer_expired_locked,
                         next_bdp_ping_timer_expired_locked, t, nullptr),
-      GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+      absl::OkStatus());
 }
 
-static void next_bdp_ping_timer_expired_locked(void* tp,
-                                               grpc_error_handle error) {
+static void next_bdp_ping_timer_expired_locked(
+    void* tp, GRPC_UNUSED grpc_error_handle error) {
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(error.ok());
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(tp);
-  GPR_ASSERT(t->have_next_bdp_ping_timer);
-  t->have_next_bdp_ping_timer = false;
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "bdp_ping");
-    return;
-  }
-  if (t->flow_control->bdp_estimator()->accumulator() == 0) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(t->next_bdp_ping_timer_handle.has_value());
+  t->next_bdp_ping_timer_handle.reset();
+  if (t->flow_control.bdp_estimator()->accumulator() == 0) {
     // Block the bdp ping till we receive more data.
     t->bdp_ping_blocked = true;
     GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "bdp_ping");
@@ -2809,99 +2695,93 @@ static void next_bdp_ping_timer_expired_locked(void* tp,
 
 void grpc_chttp2_config_default_keepalive_args(grpc_channel_args* args,
                                                bool is_client) {
-  size_t i;
-  if (args) {
-    for (i = 0; i < args->num_args; i++) {
-      if (0 == strcmp(args->args[i].key, GRPC_ARG_KEEPALIVE_TIME_MS)) {
-        const int value = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-            &args->args[i], {is_client ? g_default_client_keepalive_time_ms
-                                       : g_default_server_keepalive_time_ms,
-                             1, INT_MAX});
-        if (is_client) {
-          g_default_client_keepalive_time_ms = value;
-        } else {
-          g_default_server_keepalive_time_ms = value;
-        }
-      } else if (0 ==
-                 strcmp(args->args[i].key, GRPC_ARG_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS)) {
-        const int value = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-            &args->args[i], {is_client ? g_default_client_keepalive_timeout_ms
-                                       : g_default_server_keepalive_timeout_ms,
-                             0, INT_MAX});
-        if (is_client) {
-          g_default_client_keepalive_timeout_ms = value;
-        } else {
-          g_default_server_keepalive_timeout_ms = value;
-        }
-      } else if (0 == strcmp(args->args[i].key,
-                             GRPC_ARG_KEEPALIVE_PERMIT_WITHOUT_CALLS)) {
-        const bool value = static_cast<uint32_t>(grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-            &args->args[i],
-            {is_client ? g_default_client_keepalive_permit_without_calls
-                       : g_default_server_keepalive_timeout_ms,
-             0, 1}));
-        if (is_client) {
-          g_default_client_keepalive_permit_without_calls = value;
-        } else {
-          g_default_server_keepalive_permit_without_calls = value;
-        }
-      } else if (0 ==
-                 strcmp(args->args[i].key, GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MAX_PING_STRIKES)) {
-        g_default_max_ping_strikes = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-            &args->args[i], {g_default_max_ping_strikes, 0, INT_MAX});
-      } else if (0 == strcmp(args->args[i].key,
-                             GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MAX_PINGS_WITHOUT_DATA)) {
-        g_default_max_pings_without_data = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-            &args->args[i], {g_default_max_pings_without_data, 0, INT_MAX});
-      } else if (0 ==
-                 strcmp(
-                     args->args[i].key,
-                     GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MIN_RECV_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS)) {
-        g_default_min_recv_ping_interval_without_data_ms =
-            grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-                &args->args[i],
-                {g_default_min_recv_ping_interval_without_data_ms, 0, INT_MAX});
-      }
-    }
+  grpc_chttp2_config_default_keepalive_args(grpc_core::ChannelArgs::FromC(args),
+                                            is_client);
+}
+
+void grpc_chttp2_config_default_keepalive_args(
+    const grpc_core::ChannelArgs& channel_args, bool is_client) {
+  const auto keepalive_time =
+      std::max(grpc_core::Duration::Milliseconds(1),
+               channel_args.GetDurationFromIntMillis(GRPC_ARG_KEEPALIVE_TIME_MS)
+                   .value_or(is_client ? g_default_client_keepalive_time
+                                       : g_default_server_keepalive_time));
+  if (is_client) {
+    g_default_client_keepalive_time = keepalive_time;
+  } else {
+    g_default_server_keepalive_time = keepalive_time;
+  }
+
+  const auto keepalive_timeout = std::max(
+      grpc_core::Duration::Zero(),
+      channel_args.GetDurationFromIntMillis(GRPC_ARG_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS)
+          .value_or(is_client ? g_default_client_keepalive_timeout
+                              : g_default_server_keepalive_timeout));
+  if (is_client) {
+    g_default_client_keepalive_timeout = keepalive_timeout;
+  } else {
+    g_default_server_keepalive_timeout = keepalive_timeout;
+  }
+
+  const bool keepalive_permit_without_calls =
+      channel_args.GetBool(GRPC_ARG_KEEPALIVE_PERMIT_WITHOUT_CALLS)
+          .value_or(is_client
+                        ? g_default_client_keepalive_permit_without_calls
+                        : g_default_server_keepalive_permit_without_calls);
+  if (is_client) {
+    g_default_client_keepalive_permit_without_calls =
+        keepalive_permit_without_calls;
+  } else {
+    g_default_server_keepalive_permit_without_calls =
+        keepalive_permit_without_calls;
   }
+
+  g_default_max_ping_strikes =
+      std::max(0, channel_args.GetInt(GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MAX_PING_STRIKES)
+                      .value_or(g_default_max_ping_strikes));
+
+  g_default_max_pings_without_data =
+      std::max(0, channel_args.GetInt(GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MAX_PINGS_WITHOUT_DATA)
+                      .value_or(g_default_max_pings_without_data));
+
+  g_default_min_recv_ping_interval_without_data =
+      std::max(grpc_core::Duration::Zero(),
+               channel_args
+                   .GetDurationFromIntMillis(
+                       GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MIN_RECV_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS)
+                   .value_or(g_default_min_recv_ping_interval_without_data));
 }
 
-static void init_keepalive_ping(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
-  grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(arg);
+static void init_keepalive_ping(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
   t->combiner->Run(GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->init_keepalive_ping_locked,
                                      init_keepalive_ping_locked, t, nullptr),
-                   GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+                   absl::OkStatus());
 }
 
-static void init_keepalive_ping_locked(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
+static void init_keepalive_ping_locked(void* arg,
+                                       GRPC_UNUSED grpc_error_handle error) {
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(error.ok());
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(arg);
   GPR_ASSERT(t->keepalive_state == GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_WAITING);
-  if (t->destroying || t->closed_with_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(t->keepalive_ping_timer_handle.has_value());
+  t->keepalive_ping_timer_handle.reset();
+  if (t->destroying || !t->closed_with_error.ok()) {
     t->keepalive_state = GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_DYING;
-  } else if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    if (t->keepalive_permit_without_calls ||
-        grpc_chttp2_stream_map_size(&t->stream_map) > 0) {
+  } else {
+    if (t->keepalive_permit_without_calls || !t->stream_map.empty()) {
       t->keepalive_state = GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_PINGING;
       GRPC_CHTTP2_REF_TRANSPORT(t, "keepalive ping end");
-      grpc_timer_init_unset(&t->keepalive_watchdog_timer);
       send_keepalive_ping_locked(t);
       grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(t, GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_KEEPALIVE_PING);
     } else {
       GRPC_CHTTP2_REF_TRANSPORT(t, "init keepalive ping");
-      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->init_keepalive_ping_locked, init_keepalive_ping, t,
-                        grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-      grpc_timer_init(&t->keepalive_ping_timer,
-                      grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Now() + t->keepalive_time,
-                      &t->init_keepalive_ping_locked);
-    }
-  } else if (error == GRPC_ERROR_CANCELLED) {
-    // The keepalive ping timer may be cancelled by bdp
-    GRPC_CHTTP2_REF_TRANSPORT(t, "init keepalive ping");
-    GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->init_keepalive_ping_locked, init_keepalive_ping, t,
-                      grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-    grpc_timer_init(&t->keepalive_ping_timer,
-                    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Now() + t->keepalive_time,
-                    &t->init_keepalive_ping_locked);
+      t->keepalive_ping_timer_handle =
+          t->event_engine->RunAfter(t->keepalive_time, [t] {
+            grpc_core::ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+            grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+            init_keepalive_ping(t);
+          });
+    }
   }
   GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "init keepalive ping");
 }
@@ -2910,12 +2790,12 @@ static void start_keepalive_ping(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(arg);
   t->combiner->Run(GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->start_keepalive_ping_locked,
                                      start_keepalive_ping_locked, t, nullptr),
-                   GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+                   error);
 }
 
 static void start_keepalive_ping_locked(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(arg);
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+  if (!error.ok()) {
     return;
   }
   if (t->channelz_socket != nullptr) {
@@ -2923,14 +2803,16 @@ static void start_keepalive_ping_locked(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
   }
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_http_trace) ||
       GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_keepalive_trace)) {
-    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s: Start keepalive ping", t->peer_string.c_str());
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s: Start keepalive ping",
+            std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str());
   }
   GRPC_CHTTP2_REF_TRANSPORT(t, "keepalive watchdog");
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->keepalive_watchdog_fired_locked,
-                    keepalive_watchdog_fired, t, grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-  grpc_timer_init(&t->keepalive_watchdog_timer,
-                  grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Now() + t->keepalive_timeout,
-                  &t->keepalive_watchdog_fired_locked);
+  t->keepalive_watchdog_timer_handle =
+      t->event_engine->RunAfter(t->keepalive_timeout, [t] {
+        grpc_core::ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+        grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+        keepalive_watchdog_fired(t);
+      });
   t->keepalive_ping_started = true;
 }
 
@@ -2938,16 +2820,17 @@ static void finish_keepalive_ping(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(arg);
   t->combiner->Run(GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->finish_keepalive_ping_locked,
                                      finish_keepalive_ping_locked, t, nullptr),
-                   GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+                   error);
 }
 
 static void finish_keepalive_ping_locked(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(arg);
   if (t->keepalive_state == GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_PINGING) {
-    if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    if (error.ok()) {
       if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_http_trace) ||
           GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_keepalive_trace)) {
-        gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s: Finish keepalive ping", t->peer_string.c_str());
+        gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s: Finish keepalive ping",
+                std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str());
       }
       if (!t->keepalive_ping_started) {
         // start_keepalive_ping_locked has not run yet. Reschedule
@@ -2955,56 +2838,81 @@ static void finish_keepalive_ping_locked(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
         t->combiner->Run(
             GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->finish_keepalive_ping_locked,
                               finish_keepalive_ping_locked, t, nullptr),
-            GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+            error);
         return;
       }
       t->keepalive_ping_started = false;
       t->keepalive_state = GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_WAITING;
-      grpc_timer_cancel(&t->keepalive_watchdog_timer);
+      if (t->keepalive_watchdog_timer_handle.has_value()) {
+        if (t->event_engine->Cancel(*t->keepalive_watchdog_timer_handle)) {
+          GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "keepalive watchdog");
+          t->keepalive_watchdog_timer_handle.reset();
+        }
+      }
+      GPR_ASSERT(!t->keepalive_ping_timer_handle.has_value());
       GRPC_CHTTP2_REF_TRANSPORT(t, "init keepalive ping");
-      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->init_keepalive_ping_locked, init_keepalive_ping, t,
-                        grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-      grpc_timer_init(&t->keepalive_ping_timer,
-                      grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Now() + t->keepalive_time,
-                      &t->init_keepalive_ping_locked);
+      t->keepalive_ping_timer_handle =
+          t->event_engine->RunAfter(t->keepalive_time, [t] {
+            grpc_core::ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+            grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+            init_keepalive_ping(t);
+          });
     }
   }
   GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "keepalive ping end");
 }
 
-static void keepalive_watchdog_fired(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
-  grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(arg);
+static void keepalive_watchdog_fired(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
   t->combiner->Run(
       GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->keepalive_watchdog_fired_locked,
                         keepalive_watchdog_fired_locked, t, nullptr),
-      GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+      absl::OkStatus());
 }
 
-static void keepalive_watchdog_fired_locked(void* arg,
-                                            grpc_error_handle error) {
+static void keepalive_watchdog_fired_locked(
+    void* arg, GRPC_UNUSED grpc_error_handle error) {
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(error.ok());
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(arg);
+  GPR_ASSERT(t->keepalive_watchdog_timer_handle.has_value());
+  t->keepalive_watchdog_timer_handle.reset();
   if (t->keepalive_state == GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_PINGING) {
-    if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s: Keepalive watchdog fired. Closing transport.",
-              t->peer_string.c_str());
-      t->keepalive_state = GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_DYING;
-      close_transport_locked(
-          t, grpc_error_set_int(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
-                                    "keepalive watchdog timeout"),
-                                GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS,
-                                GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE));
-    }
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s: Keepalive watchdog fired. Closing transport.",
+            std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str());
+    t->keepalive_state = GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_DYING;
+    close_transport_locked(
+        t, grpc_error_set_int(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("keepalive watchdog timeout"),
+                              grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kRpcStatus,
+                              GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE));
   } else {
-    // The watchdog timer should have been cancelled by
-    // finish_keepalive_ping_locked.
-    if (GPR_UNLIKELY(error != GRPC_ERROR_CANCELLED)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "keepalive_ping_end state error: %d (expect: %d)",
-              t->keepalive_state, GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_PINGING);
-    }
+    // If keepalive_state is not PINGING, we consider it as an error. Maybe the
+    // cancellation failed in finish_keepalive_ping_locked. Users have seen
+    // other states: https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/32085.
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "keepalive_ping_end state error: %d (expect: %d)",
+            t->keepalive_state, GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_PINGING);
   }
   GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "keepalive watchdog");
 }
 
+static void maybe_reset_keepalive_ping_timer_locked(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
+  if (t->keepalive_ping_timer_handle.has_value()) {
+    if (t->event_engine->Cancel(*t->keepalive_ping_timer_handle)) {
+      // Cancel succeeds, resets the keepalive ping timer. Note that we don't
+      // need to Ref or Unref here since we still hold the Ref.
+      if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_http_trace) ||
+          GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_keepalive_trace)) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s: Keepalive ping cancelled. Resetting timer.",
+                std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str());
+      }
+      t->keepalive_ping_timer_handle =
+          t->event_engine->RunAfter(t->keepalive_time, [t] {
+            grpc_core::ApplicationCallbackExecCtx callback_exec_ctx;
+            grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
+            init_keepalive_ping(t);
+          });
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 //
 // CALLBACK LOOP
 //
@@ -3013,8 +2921,9 @@ static void connectivity_state_set(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                                    grpc_connectivity_state state,
                                    const absl::Status& status,
                                    const char* reason) {
-  GRPC_CHTTP2_IF_TRACING(
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "transport %p set connectivity_state=%d", t, state));
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_IF_TRACING(gpr_log(
+      GPR_INFO, "transport %p set connectivity_state=%d; status=%s; reason=%s",
+      t, state, status.ToString().c_str(), reason));
   t->state_tracker.SetState(state, status, reason);
 }
 
@@ -3034,187 +2943,6 @@ static void set_pollset_set(grpc_transport* gt, grpc_stream* /*gs*/,
   grpc_endpoint_add_to_pollset_set(t->ep, pollset_set);
 }
 
-//
-// BYTE STREAM
-//
-
-static void reset_byte_stream(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
-  grpc_chttp2_stream* s = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_stream*>(arg);
-  s->pending_byte_stream = false;
-  if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_message(s->t, s);
-    grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_trailing_metadata(s->t, s);
-  } else {
-    GPR_ASSERT(error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
-    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, s->on_next, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-    s->on_next = nullptr;
-    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(s->byte_stream_error);
-    s->byte_stream_error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
-    grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(s->t, s, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-    s->byte_stream_error = GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);
-  }
-}
-
-namespace grpc_core {
-
-Chttp2IncomingByteStream::Chttp2IncomingByteStream(
-    grpc_chttp2_transport* transport, grpc_chttp2_stream* stream,
-    uint32_t frame_size, uint32_t flags)
-    : ByteStream(frame_size, flags),
-      transport_(transport),
-      stream_(stream),
-      refs_(2),
-      remaining_bytes_(frame_size) {
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(stream->byte_stream_error);
-  stream->byte_stream_error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
-}
-
-void Chttp2IncomingByteStream::OrphanLocked(
-    void* arg, grpc_error_handle /*error_ignored*/) {
-  Chttp2IncomingByteStream* bs = static_cast<Chttp2IncomingByteStream*>(arg);
-  grpc_chttp2_stream* s = bs->stream_;
-  grpc_chttp2_transport* t = s->t;
-  bs->Unref();
-  s->pending_byte_stream = false;
-  grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_message(t, s);
-  grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_trailing_metadata(t, s);
-}
-
-void Chttp2IncomingByteStream::Orphan() {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("incoming_byte_stream_destroy", 0);
-  transport_->combiner->Run(
-      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&destroy_action_,
-                        &Chttp2IncomingByteStream::OrphanLocked, this, nullptr),
-      GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
-}
-
-void Chttp2IncomingByteStream::NextLocked(void* arg,
-                                          grpc_error_handle /*error_ignored*/) {
-  Chttp2IncomingByteStream* bs = static_cast<Chttp2IncomingByteStream*>(arg);
-  grpc_chttp2_transport* t = bs->transport_;
-  grpc_chttp2_stream* s = bs->stream_;
-  size_t cur_length = s->frame_storage.length;
-  if (!s->read_closed) {
-    s->flow_control->IncomingByteStreamUpdate(bs->next_action_.max_size_hint,
-                                              cur_length);
-    grpc_chttp2_act_on_flowctl_action(s->flow_control->MakeAction(), t, s);
-  }
-  GPR_ASSERT(s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer.length == 0);
-  if (s->frame_storage.length > 0) {
-    grpc_slice_buffer_swap(&s->frame_storage,
-                           &s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer);
-    ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, bs->next_action_.on_complete, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
-  } else if (s->byte_stream_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, bs->next_action_.on_complete,
-                 GRPC_ERROR_REF(s->byte_stream_error));
-    if (s->data_parser.parsing_frame != nullptr) {
-      s->data_parser.parsing_frame->Unref();
-      s->data_parser.parsing_frame = nullptr;
-    }
-  } else if (s->read_closed) {
-    if (bs->remaining_bytes_ != 0) {
-      s->byte_stream_error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
-          "Truncated message", &s->read_closed_error, 1);
-      ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, bs->next_action_.on_complete,
-                   GRPC_ERROR_REF(s->byte_stream_error));
-      if (s->data_parser.parsing_frame != nullptr) {
-        s->data_parser.parsing_frame->Unref();
-        s->data_parser.parsing_frame = nullptr;
-      }
-    } else {
-      // Should never reach here.
-      GPR_ASSERT(false);
-    }
-  } else {
-    s->on_next = bs->next_action_.on_complete;
-  }
-  bs->Unref();
-}
-
-bool Chttp2IncomingByteStream::Next(size_t max_size_hint,
-                                    grpc_closure* on_complete) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("incoming_byte_stream_next", 0);
-  if (stream_->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer.length > 0) {
-    return true;
-  } else {
-    Ref();
-    next_action_.max_size_hint = max_size_hint;
-    next_action_.on_complete = on_complete;
-    transport_->combiner->Run(
-        GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&next_action_.closure,
-                          &Chttp2IncomingByteStream::NextLocked, this, nullptr),
-        GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
-grpc_error_handle Chttp2IncomingByteStream::Pull(grpc_slice* slice) {
-  GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("incoming_byte_stream_pull", 0);
-  grpc_error_handle error;
-  if (stream_->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer.length > 0) {
-    error = grpc_deframe_unprocessed_incoming_frames(
-        &stream_->data_parser, stream_,
-        &stream_->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer, slice, nullptr);
-    if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-      return error;
-    }
-  } else {
-    error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("Truncated message");
-    stream_->t->combiner->Run(&stream_->reset_byte_stream,
-                              GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-    return error;
-  }
-  return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
-}
-
-void Chttp2IncomingByteStream::PublishError(grpc_error_handle error) {
-  GPR_ASSERT(error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
-  ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, stream_->on_next, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-  stream_->on_next = nullptr;
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(stream_->byte_stream_error);
-  stream_->byte_stream_error = GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);
-  grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(transport_, stream_, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-}
-
-grpc_error_handle Chttp2IncomingByteStream::Push(const grpc_slice& slice,
-                                                 grpc_slice* slice_out) {
-  if (remaining_bytes_ < GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(slice)) {
-    grpc_error_handle error =
-        GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("Too many bytes in stream");
-    transport_->combiner->Run(&stream_->reset_byte_stream,
-                              GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-    grpc_slice_unref_internal(slice);
-    return error;
-  } else {
-    remaining_bytes_ -= static_cast<uint32_t> GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(slice);
-    if (slice_out != nullptr) {
-      *slice_out = slice;
-    }
-    return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
-  }
-}
-
-grpc_error_handle Chttp2IncomingByteStream::Finished(grpc_error_handle error,
-                                                     bool reset_on_error) {
-  if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    if (remaining_bytes_ != 0) {
-      error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("Truncated message");
-    }
-  }
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE && reset_on_error) {
-    transport_->combiner->Run(&stream_->reset_byte_stream,
-                              GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
-  }
-  Unref();
-  return error;
-}
-
-void Chttp2IncomingByteStream::Shutdown(grpc_error_handle error) {
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(Finished(error, true /* reset_on_error */));
-}
-
-}  // namespace grpc_core
-
 //
 // RESOURCE QUOTAS
 //
@@ -3231,7 +2959,7 @@ static void post_benign_reclaimer(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
                               benign_reclaimer_locked, t,
                               grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
             t->active_reclamation = std::move(*sweep);
-            t->combiner->Run(&t->benign_reclaimer_locked, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+            t->combiner->Run(&t->benign_reclaimer_locked, absl::OkStatus());
           } else {
             GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "benign_reclaimer");
           }
@@ -3251,9 +2979,10 @@ static void post_destructive_reclaimer(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
                               destructive_reclaimer_locked, t,
                               grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
             t->active_reclamation = std::move(*sweep);
-            t->combiner->Run(&t->destructive_reclaimer_locked, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+            t->combiner->Run(&t->destructive_reclaimer_locked,
+                             absl::OkStatus());
           } else {
-            GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "benign_reclaimer");
+            GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "destructive_reclaimer");
           }
         });
   }
@@ -3261,29 +2990,27 @@ static void post_destructive_reclaimer(grpc_chttp2_transport* t) {
 
 static void benign_reclaimer_locked(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(arg);
-  if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE &&
-      grpc_chttp2_stream_map_size(&t->stream_map) == 0) {
+  if (error.ok() && t->stream_map.empty()) {
     // Channel with no active streams: send a goaway to try and make it
     // disconnect cleanly
     if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_resource_quota_trace)) {
       gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "HTTP2: %s - send goaway to free memory",
-              t->peer_string.c_str());
+              std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str());
     }
     send_goaway(t,
-                grpc_error_set_int(
-                    GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("Buffers full"),
-                    GRPC_ERROR_INT_HTTP2_ERROR, GRPC_HTTP2_ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM),
+                grpc_error_set_int(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("Buffers full"),
+                                   grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kHttp2Error,
+                                   GRPC_HTTP2_ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM),
                 /*immediate_disconnect_hint=*/true);
-  } else if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE &&
-             GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_resource_quota_trace)) {
+  } else if (error.ok() && GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_resource_quota_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
             "HTTP2: %s - skip benign reclamation, there are still %" PRIdPTR
             " streams",
-            t->peer_string.c_str(),
-            grpc_chttp2_stream_map_size(&t->stream_map));
+            std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str(),
+            t->stream_map.size());
   }
   t->benign_reclaimer_registered = false;
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_CANCELLED) {
+  if (error != absl::CancelledError()) {
     t->active_reclamation.Finish();
   }
   GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "benign_reclaimer");
@@ -3291,21 +3018,20 @@ static void benign_reclaimer_locked(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
 
 static void destructive_reclaimer_locked(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(arg);
-  size_t n = grpc_chttp2_stream_map_size(&t->stream_map);
   t->destructive_reclaimer_registered = false;
-  if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE && n > 0) {
-    grpc_chttp2_stream* s = static_cast<grpc_chttp2_stream*>(
-        grpc_chttp2_stream_map_rand(&t->stream_map));
+  if (error.ok() && !t->stream_map.empty()) {
+    // As stream_map is a hash map, this selects effectively a random stream.
+    grpc_chttp2_stream* s = t->stream_map.begin()->second;
     if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_resource_quota_trace)) {
       gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "HTTP2: %s - abandon stream id %d",
-              t->peer_string.c_str(), s->id);
+              std::string(t->peer_string.as_string_view()).c_str(), s->id);
     }
     grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(
         t, s,
-        grpc_error_set_int(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("Buffers full"),
-                           GRPC_ERROR_INT_HTTP2_ERROR,
+        grpc_error_set_int(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("Buffers full"),
+                           grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kHttp2Error,
                            GRPC_HTTP2_ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM));
-    if (n > 1) {
+    if (!t->stream_map.empty()) {
       // Since we cancel one stream per destructive reclamation, if
       //   there are more streams left, we can immediately post a new
       //   reclaimer in case the resource quota needs to free more
@@ -3313,7 +3039,7 @@ static void destructive_reclaimer_locked(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
       post_destructive_reclaimer(t);
     }
   }
-  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_CANCELLED) {
+  if (error != absl::CancelledError()) {
     t->active_reclamation.Finish();
   }
   GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "destructive_reclaimer");
@@ -3379,6 +3105,7 @@ static grpc_endpoint* chttp2_get_endpoint(grpc_transport* t) {
 }
 
 static const grpc_transport_vtable vtable = {sizeof(grpc_chttp2_stream),
+                                             false,
                                              "chttp2",
                                              init_stream,
                                              nullptr,
@@ -3400,7 +3127,8 @@ grpc_chttp2_transport_get_socket_node(grpc_transport* transport) {
 }
 
 grpc_transport* grpc_create_chttp2_transport(
-    const grpc_channel_args* channel_args, grpc_endpoint* ep, bool is_client) {
+    const grpc_core::ChannelArgs& channel_args, grpc_endpoint* ep,
+    bool is_client) {
   auto t = new grpc_chttp2_transport(channel_args, ep, is_client);
   return &t->base;
 }
@@ -3411,14 +3139,29 @@ void grpc_chttp2_transport_start_reading(
   grpc_chttp2_transport* t =
       reinterpret_cast<grpc_chttp2_transport*>(transport);
   GRPC_CHTTP2_REF_TRANSPORT(
-      t, "reading_action"); /* matches unref inside reading_action */
+      t, "reading_action");  // matches unref inside reading_action
   if (read_buffer != nullptr) {
     grpc_slice_buffer_move_into(read_buffer, &t->read_buffer);
     gpr_free(read_buffer);
   }
-  t->notify_on_receive_settings = notify_on_receive_settings;
-  t->notify_on_close = notify_on_close;
   t->combiner->Run(
-      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&t->read_action_locked, read_action_locked, t, nullptr),
-      GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+      grpc_core::NewClosure([t, notify_on_receive_settings,
+                             notify_on_close](grpc_error_handle) {
+        if (!t->closed_with_error.ok()) {
+          if (notify_on_receive_settings != nullptr) {
+            grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, notify_on_receive_settings,
+                                    t->closed_with_error);
+          }
+          if (notify_on_close != nullptr) {
+            grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, notify_on_close,
+                                    t->closed_with_error);
+          }
+          GRPC_CHTTP2_UNREF_TRANSPORT(t, "reading_action");
+          return;
+        }
+        t->notify_on_receive_settings = notify_on_receive_settings;
+        t->notify_on_close = notify_on_close;
+        read_action_locked(t, absl::OkStatus());
+      }),
+      absl::OkStatus());
 }