grpc 1.37.1 → 1.39.0

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/c_ares/grpc_ares_wrapper.h

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ extern void (*grpc_cancel_ares_request_locked)(grpc_ares_request* request);
 
 /* Initialize gRPC ares wrapper. Must be called at least once before
    grpc_resolve_address_ares(). */
-grpc_error* grpc_ares_init(void);
+grpc_error_handle grpc_ares_init(void);
 
 /* Uninitialized gRPC ares wrapper. If there was more than one previous call to
    grpc_ares_init(), this function uninitializes the gRPC ares wrapper only if

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/c_ares/grpc_ares_wrapper_event_engine.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The gRPC Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
+
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/port.h"
+#if GRPC_ARES == 1 && defined(GRPC_USE_EVENT_ENGINE)
+
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/c_ares/grpc_ares_wrapper.h"
+
+bool grpc_ares_query_ipv6() {
+  /* The libuv grpc code currently does not have the code to probe for this,
+   * so we assume for now that IPv6 is always available in contexts where this
+   * code will be used. */
+  return true;
+}
+
+#endif /* GRPC_ARES == 1 && defined(GRPC_USE_EVENT_ENGINE) */

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/c_ares/grpc_ares_wrapper_libuv.cc

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/c_ares/grpc_ares_wrapper.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/server_address.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/address_utils/parse_address.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gpr/string.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/parse_address.h"
 
 bool grpc_ares_query_ipv6() {
   /* The libuv grpc code currently does not have the code to probe for this,

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/c_ares/grpc_ares_wrapper_windows.cc

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/c_ares/grpc_ares_wrapper.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/server_address.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/address_utils/parse_address.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gpr/string.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/parse_address.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/socket_windows.h"
 
 bool grpc_ares_query_ipv6() { return grpc_ipv6_loopback_available(); }

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/native/dns_resolver.cc

@@ -48,8 +48,6 @@ namespace grpc_core {
 
 namespace {
 
-const char kDefaultPort[] = "https";
-
 class NativeDnsResolver : public Resolver {
  public:
   explicit NativeDnsResolver(ResolverArgs args);
@@ -68,10 +66,10 @@ class NativeDnsResolver : public Resolver {
   void MaybeStartResolvingLocked();
   void StartResolvingLocked();
 
-  static void OnNextResolution(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
-  void OnNextResolutionLocked(grpc_error* error);
-  static void OnResolved(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
-  void OnResolvedLocked(grpc_error* error);
+  static void OnNextResolution(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
+  void OnNextResolutionLocked(grpc_error_handle error);
+  static void OnResolved(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
+  void OnResolvedLocked(grpc_error_handle error);
 
   /// name to resolve
   std::string name_to_resolve_;
@@ -148,14 +146,14 @@ void NativeDnsResolver::ShutdownLocked() {
   }
 }
 
-void NativeDnsResolver::OnNextResolution(void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+void NativeDnsResolver::OnNextResolution(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
   NativeDnsResolver* r = static_cast<NativeDnsResolver*>(arg);
   GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);  // ref owned by lambda
   r->work_serializer_->Run([r, error]() { r->OnNextResolutionLocked(error); },
                            DEBUG_LOCATION);
 }
 
-void NativeDnsResolver::OnNextResolutionLocked(grpc_error* error) {
+void NativeDnsResolver::OnNextResolutionLocked(grpc_error_handle error) {
   have_next_resolution_timer_ = false;
   if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE && !resolving_) {
     StartResolvingLocked();
@@ -164,14 +162,14 @@ void NativeDnsResolver::OnNextResolutionLocked(grpc_error* error) {
   GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
-void NativeDnsResolver::OnResolved(void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+void NativeDnsResolver::OnResolved(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
   NativeDnsResolver* r = static_cast<NativeDnsResolver*>(arg);
   GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);  // owned by lambda
   r->work_serializer_->Run([r, error]() { r->OnResolvedLocked(error); },
                            DEBUG_LOCATION);
 }
 
-void NativeDnsResolver::OnResolvedLocked(grpc_error* error) {
+void NativeDnsResolver::OnResolvedLocked(grpc_error_handle error) {
   GPR_ASSERT(resolving_);
   resolving_ = false;
   if (shutdown_) {
@@ -194,7 +192,7 @@ void NativeDnsResolver::OnResolvedLocked(grpc_error* error) {
     backoff_.Reset();
   } else {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "dns resolution failed (will retry): %s",
-            grpc_error_string(error));
+            grpc_error_std_string(error).c_str());
     // Return transient error.
     std::string error_message =
         absl::StrCat("DNS resolution failed for service: ", name_to_resolve_);
@@ -203,6 +201,10 @@ void NativeDnsResolver::OnResolvedLocked(grpc_error* error) {
                                                          &error, 1),
         GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS, GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE));
     // Set up for retry.
+    // InvalidateNow to avoid getting stuck re-initializing this timer
+    // in a loop while draining the currently-held WorkSerializer.
+    // Also see https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/26079.
+    ExecCtx::Get()->InvalidateNow();
     grpc_millis next_try = backoff_.NextAttemptTime();
     grpc_millis timeout = next_try - ExecCtx::Get()->Now();
     GPR_ASSERT(!have_next_resolution_timer_);
@@ -229,6 +231,10 @@ void NativeDnsResolver::MaybeStartResolvingLocked() {
   // can start the next resolution.
   if (have_next_resolution_timer_) return;
   if (last_resolution_timestamp_ >= 0) {
+    // InvalidateNow to avoid getting stuck re-initializing this timer
+    // in a loop while draining the currently-held WorkSerializer.
+    // Also see https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/26079.
+    ExecCtx::Get()->InvalidateNow();
     const grpc_millis earliest_next_resolution =
         last_resolution_timestamp_ + min_time_between_resolutions_;
     const grpc_millis ms_until_next_resolution =
@@ -268,7 +274,7 @@ void NativeDnsResolver::StartResolvingLocked() {
   addresses_ = nullptr;
   GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_resolved_, NativeDnsResolver::OnResolved, this,
                     grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
-  grpc_resolve_address(name_to_resolve_.c_str(), kDefaultPort,
+  grpc_resolve_address(name_to_resolve_.c_str(), kDefaultSecurePort,
                        interested_parties_, &on_resolved_, &addresses_);
   last_resolution_timestamp_ = grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Now();
 }

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/fake/fake_resolver.cc

@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@
 
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver_registry.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/server_address.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/address_utils/parse_address.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gpr/string.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gpr/useful.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/closure.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/parse_address.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/resolve_address.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/unix_sockets_posix.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/work_serializer.h"
@@ -313,48 +313,40 @@ void FakeResolverResponseGenerator::SetFakeResolver(
 
 namespace {
 
-static void* response_generator_arg_copy(void* p) {
-  FakeResolverResponseGenerator* generator =
-      static_cast<FakeResolverResponseGenerator*>(p);
-  // TODO(roth): We currently deal with this ref manually.  Once the
-  // new channel args code is converted to C++, find a way to track this ref
-  // in a cleaner way.
-  RefCountedPtr<FakeResolverResponseGenerator> copy = generator->Ref();
-  copy.release();
+void* ResponseGeneratorChannelArgCopy(void* p) {
+  auto* generator = static_cast<FakeResolverResponseGenerator*>(p);
+  generator->Ref().release();
   return p;
 }
 
-static void response_generator_arg_destroy(void* p) {
-  FakeResolverResponseGenerator* generator =
-      static_cast<FakeResolverResponseGenerator*>(p);
+void ResponseGeneratorChannelArgDestroy(void* p) {
+  auto* generator = static_cast<FakeResolverResponseGenerator*>(p);
   generator->Unref();
 }
 
-static int response_generator_cmp(void* a, void* b) { return GPR_ICMP(a, b); }
-
-static const grpc_arg_pointer_vtable response_generator_arg_vtable = {
-    response_generator_arg_copy, response_generator_arg_destroy,
-    response_generator_cmp};
+int ResponseGeneratorChannelArgCmp(void* a, void* b) { return GPR_ICMP(a, b); }
 
 }  // namespace
 
+const grpc_arg_pointer_vtable
+    FakeResolverResponseGenerator::kChannelArgPointerVtable = {
+        ResponseGeneratorChannelArgCopy, ResponseGeneratorChannelArgDestroy,
+        ResponseGeneratorChannelArgCmp};
+
 grpc_arg FakeResolverResponseGenerator::MakeChannelArg(
     FakeResolverResponseGenerator* generator) {
-  grpc_arg arg;
-  arg.type = GRPC_ARG_POINTER;
-  arg.key = const_cast<char*>(GRPC_ARG_FAKE_RESOLVER_RESPONSE_GENERATOR);
-  arg.value.pointer.p = generator;
-  arg.value.pointer.vtable = &response_generator_arg_vtable;
-  return arg;
+  return grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create(
+      const_cast<char*>(GRPC_ARG_FAKE_RESOLVER_RESPONSE_GENERATOR), generator,
+      &kChannelArgPointerVtable);
 }
 
 RefCountedPtr<FakeResolverResponseGenerator>
 FakeResolverResponseGenerator::GetFromArgs(const grpc_channel_args* args) {
-  const grpc_arg* arg =
-      grpc_channel_args_find(args, GRPC_ARG_FAKE_RESOLVER_RESPONSE_GENERATOR);
-  if (arg == nullptr || arg->type != GRPC_ARG_POINTER) return nullptr;
-  return static_cast<FakeResolverResponseGenerator*>(arg->value.pointer.p)
-      ->Ref();
+  auto* response_generator =
+      grpc_channel_args_find_pointer<FakeResolverResponseGenerator>(
+          args, GRPC_ARG_FAKE_RESOLVER_RESPONSE_GENERATOR);
+  if (response_generator == nullptr) return nullptr;
+  return response_generator->Ref();
 }
 
 //

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/fake/fake_resolver.h

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ class FakeResolver;
 class FakeResolverResponseGenerator
     : public RefCounted<FakeResolverResponseGenerator> {
  public:
+  static const grpc_arg_pointer_vtable kChannelArgPointerVtable;
+
   FakeResolverResponseGenerator();
   ~FakeResolverResponseGenerator() override;
 
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ class FakeResolverResponseGenerator
   void SetFailureOnReresolution();
 
   // Returns a channel arg containing \a generator.
+  // TODO(roth): When we have time, make this a non-static method.
   static grpc_arg MakeChannelArg(FakeResolverResponseGenerator* generator);
 
   // Returns the response generator in \a args, or null if not found.
@@ -82,12 +85,11 @@ class FakeResolverResponseGenerator
 
   // Mutex protecting the members below.
   Mutex mu_;
-  RefCountedPtr<FakeResolver> resolver_;
-  Resolver::Result result_;
-  bool has_result_ = false;
+  RefCountedPtr<FakeResolver> resolver_ ABSL_GUARDED_BY(mu_);
+  Resolver::Result result_ ABSL_GUARDED_BY(mu_);
+  bool has_result_ ABSL_GUARDED_BY(mu_) = false;
 };
 
 }  // namespace grpc_core
 
-#endif /* GRPC_CORE_EXT_FILTERS_CLIENT_CHANNEL_RESOLVER_FAKE_FAKE_RESOLVER_H \
-        */
+#endif  // GRPC_CORE_EXT_FILTERS_CLIENT_CHANNEL_RESOLVER_FAKE_FAKE_RESOLVER_H

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/google_c2p/google_c2p_resolver.cc

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
 
+#include <random>
+
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver_registry.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_client.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gpr/env.h"
@@ -48,15 +50,15 @@ class GoogleCloud2ProdResolver : public Resolver {
     void Orphan() override;
 
    private:
-    static void OnHttpRequestDone(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+    static void OnHttpRequestDone(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
 
     // Calls OnDone() if not already called.  Releases a ref.
-    void MaybeCallOnDone(grpc_error* error);
+    void MaybeCallOnDone(grpc_error_handle error);
 
     // If error is not GRPC_ERROR_NONE, then it's not safe to look at response.
     virtual void OnDone(GoogleCloud2ProdResolver* resolver,
                         const grpc_http_response* response,
-                        grpc_error* error) = 0;
+                        grpc_error_handle error) = 0;
 
     RefCountedPtr<GoogleCloud2ProdResolver> resolver_;
     grpc_httpcli_context context_;
@@ -73,7 +75,8 @@ class GoogleCloud2ProdResolver : public Resolver {
 
    private:
     void OnDone(GoogleCloud2ProdResolver* resolver,
-                const grpc_http_response* response, grpc_error* error) override;
+                const grpc_http_response* response,
+                grpc_error_handle error) override;
   };
 
   // A metadata server query to get the IPv6 address.
@@ -84,7 +87,8 @@ class GoogleCloud2ProdResolver : public Resolver {
 
    private:
     void OnDone(GoogleCloud2ProdResolver* resolver,
-                const grpc_http_response* response, grpc_error* error) override;
+                const grpc_http_response* response,
+                grpc_error_handle error) override;
   };
 
   void ZoneQueryDone(std::string zone);
@@ -143,13 +147,13 @@ void GoogleCloud2ProdResolver::MetadataQuery::Orphan() {
 }
 
 void GoogleCloud2ProdResolver::MetadataQuery::OnHttpRequestDone(
-    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+    void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
   auto* self = static_cast<MetadataQuery*>(arg);
   self->MaybeCallOnDone(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
 }
 
 void GoogleCloud2ProdResolver::MetadataQuery::MaybeCallOnDone(
-    grpc_error* error) {
+    grpc_error_handle error) {
   bool expected = false;
   if (!on_done_called_.CompareExchangeStrong(
           &expected, true, MemoryOrder::RELAXED, MemoryOrder::RELAXED)) {
@@ -180,10 +184,10 @@ GoogleCloud2ProdResolver::ZoneQuery::ZoneQuery(
 
 void GoogleCloud2ProdResolver::ZoneQuery::OnDone(
     GoogleCloud2ProdResolver* resolver, const grpc_http_response* response,
-    grpc_error* error) {
+    grpc_error_handle error) {
   if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "error fetching zone from metadata server: %s",
-            grpc_error_string(error));
+            grpc_error_std_string(error).c_str());
   }
   std::string zone;
   if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE && response->status == 200) {
@@ -193,7 +197,7 @@ void GoogleCloud2ProdResolver::ZoneQuery::OnDone(
       gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "could not parse zone from metadata server: %s",
               std::string(body).c_str());
     } else {
-      zone = std::string(body.substr(i));
+      zone = std::string(body.substr(i + 1));
     }
   }
   resolver->ZoneQueryDone(std::move(zone));
@@ -213,10 +217,10 @@ GoogleCloud2ProdResolver::IPv6Query::IPv6Query(
 
 void GoogleCloud2ProdResolver::IPv6Query::OnDone(
     GoogleCloud2ProdResolver* resolver, const grpc_http_response* response,
-    grpc_error* error) {
+    grpc_error_handle error) {
   if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "error fetching IPv6 address from metadata server: %s",
-            grpc_error_string(error));
+            grpc_error_std_string(error).c_str());
   }
   resolver->IPv6QueryDone(error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE && response->status == 200);
   GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
@@ -295,8 +299,11 @@ void GoogleCloud2ProdResolver::IPv6QueryDone(bool ipv6_supported) {
 
 void GoogleCloud2ProdResolver::StartXdsResolver() {
   // Construct bootstrap JSON.
+  std::random_device rd;
+  std::mt19937 mt(rd());
+  std::uniform_int_distribution<uint64_t> dist(1, UINT64_MAX);
   Json::Object node = {
-      {"id", "C2P"},
+      {"id", absl::StrCat("C2P-", dist(mt))},
   };
   if (!zone_->empty()) {
     node["locality"] = Json::Object{

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/sockaddr/sockaddr_resolver.cc

@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@
 
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver_registry.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/server_address.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/address_utils/parse_address.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gpr/string.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/parse_address.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/resolve_address.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/unix_sockets_posix.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_internal.h"

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/xds/xds_resolver.cc

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/config_selector.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/ring_hash/ring_hash.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver_registry.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_channel_args.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_client.h"
 #include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_http_filters.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.h"
@@ -73,19 +74,23 @@ class XdsResolver : public Resolver {
 
   void ShutdownLocked() override;
 
+  void ResetBackoffLocked() override {
+    if (xds_client_ != nullptr) xds_client_->ResetBackoff();
+  }
+
  private:
   class Notifier {
    public:
     Notifier(RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver, XdsApi::LdsUpdate update);
     Notifier(RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver, XdsApi::RdsUpdate update);
-    Notifier(RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver, grpc_error* error);
+    Notifier(RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver, grpc_error_handle error);
     explicit Notifier(RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver);
 
    private:
     enum Type { kLdsUpdate, kRdsUpdate, kError, kDoesNotExist };
 
-    static void RunInExecCtx(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
-    void RunInWorkSerializer(grpc_error* error);
+    static void RunInExecCtx(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error);
+    void RunInWorkSerializer(grpc_error_handle error);
 
     RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver_;
     grpc_closure closure_;
@@ -100,7 +105,9 @@ class XdsResolver : public Resolver {
     void OnListenerChanged(XdsApi::LdsUpdate listener) override {
       new Notifier(resolver_, std::move(listener));
     }
-    void OnError(grpc_error* error) override { new Notifier(resolver_, error); }
+    void OnError(grpc_error_handle error) override {
+      new Notifier(resolver_, error);
+    }
     void OnResourceDoesNotExist() override { new Notifier(resolver_); }
 
    private:
@@ -114,7 +121,9 @@ class XdsResolver : public Resolver {
     void OnRouteConfigChanged(XdsApi::RdsUpdate route_config) override {
       new Notifier(resolver_, std::move(route_config));
     }
-    void OnError(grpc_error* error) override { new Notifier(resolver_, error); }
+    void OnError(grpc_error_handle error) override {
+      new Notifier(resolver_, error);
+    }
     void OnResourceDoesNotExist() override { new Notifier(resolver_); }
 
    private:
@@ -122,7 +131,7 @@ class XdsResolver : public Resolver {
   };
 
   class ClusterState
-      : public RefCounted<ClusterState, PolymorphicRefCount, false> {
+      : public RefCounted<ClusterState, PolymorphicRefCount, kUnrefNoDelete> {
    public:
     using ClusterStateMap =
         std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<ClusterState>>;
@@ -140,7 +149,8 @@ class XdsResolver : public Resolver {
 
   class XdsConfigSelector : public ConfigSelector {
    public:
-    XdsConfigSelector(RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver, grpc_error** error);
+    XdsConfigSelector(RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver,
+                      grpc_error_handle* error);
     ~XdsConfigSelector() override;
 
     const char* name() const override { return "XdsConfigSelector"; }
@@ -179,7 +189,7 @@ class XdsResolver : public Resolver {
     using RouteTable = std::vector<Route>;
 
     void MaybeAddCluster(const std::string& name);
-    grpc_error* CreateMethodConfig(
+    grpc_error_handle CreateMethodConfig(
         const XdsApi::Route& route,
         const XdsApi::Route::ClusterWeight* cluster_weight,
         RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig>* method_config);
@@ -188,15 +198,16 @@ class XdsResolver : public Resolver {
     RouteTable route_table_;
     std::map<absl::string_view, RefCountedPtr<ClusterState>> clusters_;
     std::vector<const grpc_channel_filter*> filters_;
-    grpc_error* filter_error_ = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+    grpc_error_handle filter_error_ = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   };
 
   void OnListenerUpdate(XdsApi::LdsUpdate listener);
   void OnRouteConfigUpdate(XdsApi::RdsUpdate rds_update);
-  void OnError(grpc_error* error);
+  void OnError(grpc_error_handle error);
   void OnResourceDoesNotExist();
 
-  grpc_error* CreateServiceConfig(RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig>* service_config);
+  grpc_error_handle CreateServiceConfig(
+      RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig>* service_config);
   void GenerateResult();
   void MaybeRemoveUnusedClusters();
 
@@ -243,7 +254,7 @@ XdsResolver::Notifier::Notifier(RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver,
 }
 
 XdsResolver::Notifier::Notifier(RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver,
-                                grpc_error* error)
+                                grpc_error_handle error)
     : resolver_(std::move(resolver)), type_(kError) {
   GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&closure_, &RunInExecCtx, this, nullptr);
   ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, &closure_, error);
@@ -255,14 +266,14 @@ XdsResolver::Notifier::Notifier(RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver)
   ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, &closure_, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
 }
 
-void XdsResolver::Notifier::RunInExecCtx(void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+void XdsResolver::Notifier::RunInExecCtx(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
   Notifier* self = static_cast<Notifier*>(arg);
   GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);
   self->resolver_->work_serializer_->Run(
       [self, error]() { self->RunInWorkSerializer(error); }, DEBUG_LOCATION);
 }
 
-void XdsResolver::Notifier::RunInWorkSerializer(grpc_error* error) {
+void XdsResolver::Notifier::RunInWorkSerializer(grpc_error_handle error) {
   if (resolver_->xds_client_ == nullptr) {
     GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
     delete this;
@@ -314,7 +325,7 @@ bool XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::Route::operator==(
 //
 
 XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::XdsConfigSelector(
-    RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver, grpc_error** error)
+    RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver, grpc_error_handle* error)
     : resolver_(std::move(resolver)) {
   if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_resolver_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_resolver %p] creating XdsConfigSelector %p",
@@ -425,7 +436,7 @@ const XdsHttpFilterImpl::FilterConfig* FindFilterConfigOverride(
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-grpc_error* XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::CreateMethodConfig(
+grpc_error_handle XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::CreateMethodConfig(
     const XdsApi::Route& route,
     const XdsApi::Route::ClusterWeight* cluster_weight,
     RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig>* method_config) {
@@ -482,7 +493,7 @@ grpc_error* XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::CreateMethodConfig(
                                      "\n    ]"));
   }
   // Construct service config.
-  grpc_error* error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   if (!fields.empty()) {
     std::string json = absl::StrCat(
         "{\n"
@@ -557,6 +568,9 @@ absl::optional<uint64_t> HeaderHashHelper(
   std::string value_buffer;
   absl::optional<absl::string_view> header_value =
       GetHeaderValue(initial_metadata, policy.header_name, &value_buffer);
+  if (!header_value.has_value()) {
+    return absl::nullopt;
+  }
   if (policy.regex != nullptr) {
     // If GetHeaderValue() did not already store the value in
     // value_buffer, copy it there now, so we can modify it.
@@ -660,7 +674,12 @@ ConfigSelector::CallConfig XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::GetCallConfig(
     }
     if (!hash.has_value()) {
       // If there is no hash, we just choose a random value as a default.
-      hash = rand();
+      // We cannot directly use the result of rand() as the hash value,
+      // since it is a 32-bit number and not a 64-bit number and will
+      // therefore not be evenly distributed.
+      uint32_t upper = rand();
+      uint32_t lower = rand();
+      hash = (static_cast<uint64_t>(upper) << 32) | lower;
     }
     CallConfig call_config;
     if (method_config != nullptr) {
@@ -669,8 +688,12 @@ ConfigSelector::CallConfig XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::GetCallConfig(
       call_config.service_config = std::move(method_config);
     }
     call_config.call_attributes[kXdsClusterAttribute] = it->first;
-    call_config.call_attributes[kRequestRingHashAttribute] =
-        absl::StrFormat("%" PRIu64, hash.value());
+    std::string hash_string = absl::StrCat(hash.value());
+    char* hash_value =
+        static_cast<char*>(args.arena->Alloc(hash_string.size() + 1));
+    memcpy(hash_value, hash_string.c_str(), hash_string.size());
+    hash_value[hash_string.size()] = '\0';
+    call_config.call_attributes[kRequestRingHashAttribute] = hash_value;
     call_config.on_call_committed = [resolver, cluster_state]() {
       cluster_state->Unref();
       ExecCtx::Run(
@@ -684,7 +707,7 @@ ConfigSelector::CallConfig XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::GetCallConfig(
           // the data plane mutex.
           DEBUG_LOCATION,
           GRPC_CLOSURE_CREATE(
-              [](void* arg, grpc_error* /*error*/) {
+              [](void* arg, grpc_error_handle /*error*/) {
                 auto* resolver = static_cast<XdsResolver*>(arg);
                 resolver->work_serializer_->Run(
                     [resolver]() {
@@ -706,13 +729,13 @@ ConfigSelector::CallConfig XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::GetCallConfig(
 //
 
 void XdsResolver::StartLocked() {
-  grpc_error* error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
-  xds_client_ = XdsClient::GetOrCreate(&error);
+  grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  xds_client_ = XdsClient::GetOrCreate(args_, &error);
   if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
             "Failed to create xds client -- channel will remain in "
             "TRANSIENT_FAILURE: %s",
-            grpc_error_string(error));
+            grpc_error_std_string(error).c_str());
     result_handler_->ReturnError(error);
     return;
   }
@@ -809,11 +832,12 @@ void XdsResolver::OnRouteConfigUpdate(XdsApi::RdsUpdate rds_update) {
   GenerateResult();
 }
 
-void XdsResolver::OnError(grpc_error* error) {
+void XdsResolver::OnError(grpc_error_handle error) {
   gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "[xds_resolver %p] received error from XdsClient: %s",
-          this, grpc_error_string(error));
+          this, grpc_error_std_string(error).c_str());
   Result result;
-  result.args = grpc_channel_args_copy(args_);
+  grpc_arg new_arg = xds_client_->MakeChannelArg();
+  result.args = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(args_, &new_arg, 1);
   result.service_config_error = error;
   result_handler_->ReturnResult(std::move(result));
 }
@@ -832,7 +856,7 @@ void XdsResolver::OnResourceDoesNotExist() {
   result_handler_->ReturnResult(std::move(result));
 }
 
-grpc_error* XdsResolver::CreateServiceConfig(
+grpc_error_handle XdsResolver::CreateServiceConfig(
     RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig>* service_config) {
   std::vector<std::string> clusters;
   for (const auto& cluster : cluster_state_map_) {
@@ -859,7 +883,7 @@ grpc_error* XdsResolver::CreateServiceConfig(
       "  ]\n"
       "}");
   std::string json = absl::StrJoin(config_parts, "");
-  grpc_error* error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   *service_config = ServiceConfig::Create(args_, json.c_str(), &error);
   return error;
 }
@@ -868,7 +892,7 @@ void XdsResolver::GenerateResult() {
   if (current_virtual_host_.routes.empty()) return;
   // First create XdsConfigSelector, which may add new entries to the cluster
   // state map, and then CreateServiceConfig for LB policies.
-  grpc_error* error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   auto config_selector = MakeRefCounted<XdsConfigSelector>(Ref(), &error);
   if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
     OnError(error);
@@ -884,8 +908,12 @@ void XdsResolver::GenerateResult() {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_resolver %p] generated service config: %s", this,
             result.service_config->json_string().c_str());
   }
-  grpc_arg new_arg = config_selector->MakeChannelArg();
-  result.args = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(args_, &new_arg, 1);
+  grpc_arg new_args[] = {
+      xds_client_->MakeChannelArg(),
+      config_selector->MakeChannelArg(),
+  };
+  result.args =
+      grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(args_, new_args, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(new_args));
   result_handler_->ReturnResult(std::move(result));
 }