grpc 1.36.0 → 1.38.0

data/src/core/lib/iomgr/endpoint.cc

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ void grpc_endpoint_delete_from_pollset_set(grpc_endpoint* ep,
   ep->vtable->delete_from_pollset_set(ep, pollset_set);
 }
 
-void grpc_endpoint_shutdown(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_error* why) {
+void grpc_endpoint_shutdown(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_error_handle why) {
   ep->vtable->shutdown(ep, why);
 }
 

data/src/core/lib/iomgr/endpoint.h

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ struct grpc_endpoint_vtable {
   void (*add_to_pollset)(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_pollset* pollset);
   void (*add_to_pollset_set)(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_pollset_set* pollset);
   void (*delete_from_pollset_set)(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_pollset_set* pollset);
-  void (*shutdown)(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_error* why);
+  void (*shutdown)(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_error_handle why);
   void (*destroy)(grpc_endpoint* ep);
   grpc_resource_user* (*get_resource_user)(grpc_endpoint* ep);
   absl::string_view (*get_peer)(grpc_endpoint* ep);
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ void grpc_endpoint_write(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_slice_buffer* slices,
 
 /* Causes any pending and future read/write callbacks to run immediately with
    success==0 */
-void grpc_endpoint_shutdown(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_error* why);
+void grpc_endpoint_shutdown(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_error_handle why);
 void grpc_endpoint_destroy(grpc_endpoint* ep);
 
 /* Add an endpoint to a pollset or pollset_set, so that when the pollset is

data/src/core/lib/iomgr/endpoint_cfstream.cc

@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
 #include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
 
+#include "src/core/lib/address_utils/sockaddr_utils.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/gpr/string.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/cfstream_handle.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/closure.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/endpoint.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/error_cfstream.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/sockaddr.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/sockaddr_utils.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_internal.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_string_helpers.h"
 
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ static void CFStreamUnref(CFStreamEndpoint* ep) {
 static void CFStreamRef(CFStreamEndpoint* ep) { gpr_ref(&ep->refcount); }
 #endif
 
-static grpc_error* CFStreamAnnotateError(grpc_error* src_error,
-                                         CFStreamEndpoint* ep) {
+static grpc_error_handle CFStreamAnnotateError(grpc_error_handle src_error,
+                                               CFStreamEndpoint* ep) {
   return grpc_error_set_str(
       grpc_error_set_int(src_error, GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS,
                          GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE),
@@ -115,13 +115,12 @@ static grpc_error* CFStreamAnnotateError(grpc_error* src_error,
       grpc_slice_from_copied_string(ep->peer_string.c_str()));
 }
 
-static void CallReadCb(CFStreamEndpoint* ep, grpc_error* error) {
+static void CallReadCb(CFStreamEndpoint* ep, grpc_error_handle error) {
   if (grpc_tcp_trace.enabled()) {
     gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "CFStream endpoint:%p call_read_cb %p %p:%p", ep,
             ep->read_cb, ep->read_cb->cb, ep->read_cb->cb_arg);
     size_t i;
-    const char* str = grpc_error_string(error);
-    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "read: error=%s", str);
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "read: error=%s", grpc_error_std_string(error).c_str());
 
     for (i = 0; i < ep->read_slices->count; i++) {
       char* dump = grpc_dump_slice(ep->read_slices->slices[i],
@@ -137,12 +136,11 @@ static void CallReadCb(CFStreamEndpoint* ep, grpc_error* error) {
   grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, cb, error);
 }
 
-static void CallWriteCb(CFStreamEndpoint* ep, grpc_error* error) {
+static void CallWriteCb(CFStreamEndpoint* ep, grpc_error_handle error) {
   if (grpc_tcp_trace.enabled()) {
     gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "CFStream endpoint:%p call_write_cb %p %p:%p", ep,
             ep->write_cb, ep->write_cb->cb, ep->write_cb->cb_arg);
-    const char* str = grpc_error_string(error);
-    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "write: error=%s", str);
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "write: error=%s", grpc_error_std_string(error).c_str());
   }
   grpc_closure* cb = ep->write_cb;
   ep->write_cb = nullptr;
@@ -150,7 +148,7 @@ static void CallWriteCb(CFStreamEndpoint* ep, grpc_error* error) {
   grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, cb, error);
 }
 
-static void ReadAction(void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+static void ReadAction(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
   CFStreamEndpoint* ep = static_cast<CFStreamEndpoint*>(arg);
   GPR_ASSERT(ep->read_cb != nullptr);
   if (error) {
@@ -192,7 +190,7 @@ static void ReadAction(void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
   }
 }
 
-static void WriteAction(void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+static void WriteAction(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
   CFStreamEndpoint* ep = static_cast<CFStreamEndpoint*>(arg);
   GPR_ASSERT(ep->write_cb != nullptr);
   if (error) {
@@ -242,7 +240,7 @@ static void WriteAction(void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
   grpc_slice_unref_internal(slice);
 }
 
-static void CFStreamReadAllocationDone(void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+static void CFStreamReadAllocationDone(void* arg, grpc_error_handle error) {
   CFStreamEndpoint* ep = static_cast<CFStreamEndpoint*>(arg);
   if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
     ep->stream_sync->NotifyOnRead(&ep->read_action);
@@ -286,7 +284,7 @@ static void CFStreamWrite(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_slice_buffer* slices,
   ep_impl->stream_sync->NotifyOnWrite(&ep_impl->write_action);
 }
 
-void CFStreamShutdown(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_error* why) {
+void CFStreamShutdown(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_error_handle why) {
   CFStreamEndpoint* ep_impl = reinterpret_cast<CFStreamEndpoint*>(ep);
   if (grpc_tcp_trace.enabled()) {
     gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "CFStream endpoint:%p shutdown (%p)", ep_impl, why);

data/src/core/lib/iomgr/endpoint_pair_windows.cc

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/port.h"
 
 #ifdef GRPC_WINSOCK_SOCKET
+#include "src/core/lib/address_utils/sockaddr_utils.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/endpoint_pair.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/sockaddr.h"
-#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/sockaddr_utils.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>

data/src/core/lib/iomgr/error.cc

@@ -41,6 +41,114 @@ grpc_core::DebugOnlyTraceFlag grpc_trace_error_refcount(false,
                                                         "error_refcount");
 grpc_core::DebugOnlyTraceFlag grpc_trace_closure(false, "closure");
 
+static gpr_atm g_error_creation_allowed = true;
+
+void grpc_disable_error_creation() {
+  gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&g_error_creation_allowed, false);
+}
+
+void grpc_enable_error_creation() {
+  gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&g_error_creation_allowed, true);
+}
+
+#ifdef GRPC_ERROR_IS_ABSEIL_STATUS
+
+absl::Status grpc_status_create(absl::StatusCode code, absl::string_view msg,
+                                const grpc_core::DebugLocation& location,
+                                size_t children_count, absl::Status* children) {
+  absl::Status s = StatusCreate(code, msg, location, {});
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < children_count; ++i) {
+    if (!children[i].ok()) {
+      StatusAddChild(&s, children[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  return s;
+}
+
+std::string grpc_error_std_string(const absl::Status& error) {
+  return grpc_core::StatusToString(error);
+}
+
+absl::Status grpc_os_error(const grpc_core::DebugLocation& location, int err,
+                           const char* call_name) {
+  absl::Status s =
+      StatusCreate(absl::StatusCode::kUnknown, "OS Error", location, {});
+  grpc_core::StatusSetInt(&s, grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::ERRNO, err);
+  grpc_core::StatusSetStr(&s, grpc_core::StatusStrProperty::OS_ERROR,
+                          strerror(err));
+  grpc_core::StatusSetStr(&s, grpc_core::StatusStrProperty::SYSCALL, call_name);
+  return s;
+}
+
+#ifdef GPR_WINDOWS
+absl::Status grpc_wsa_error(const grpc_core::DebugLocation& location, int err,
+                            const char* call_name) {
+  char* utf8_message = gpr_format_message(err);
+  absl::Status s =
+      StatusCreate(absl::StatusCode::kUnknown, "WSA Error", location, {});
+  StatusSetInt(&s, StatusIntProperty::WSA_ERROR, err);
+  StatusSetStr(&s, StatusStrProperty::OS_ERROR, utf8_message);
+  StatusSetStr(&s, StatusStrProperty::SYSCALL, call_name);
+}
+#endif
+
+grpc_error_handle grpc_error_set_int(grpc_error_handle src,
+                                     grpc_error_ints which, intptr_t value) {
+  grpc_core::StatusSetInt(
+      &src, static_cast<grpc_core::StatusIntProperty>(which), value);
+  return src;
+}
+
+bool grpc_error_get_int(grpc_error_handle error, grpc_error_ints which,
+                        intptr_t* p) {
+  absl::optional<intptr_t> value = grpc_core::StatusGetInt(
+      error, static_cast<grpc_core::StatusIntProperty>(which));
+  if (value.has_value()) {
+    *p = *value;
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+grpc_error_handle grpc_error_set_str(grpc_error_handle src,
+                                     grpc_error_strs which,
+                                     const grpc_slice& str) {
+  grpc_core::StatusSetStr(
+      &src, static_cast<grpc_core::StatusStrProperty>(which),
+      std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(str)),
+                  GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(str)));
+  return src;
+}
+
+bool grpc_error_get_str(grpc_error_handle error, grpc_error_strs which,
+                        grpc_slice* s) {
+  absl::optional<std::string> value = grpc_core::StatusGetStr(
+      error, static_cast<grpc_core::StatusStrProperty>(which));
+  if (value.has_value()) {
+    *s = grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(value->c_str(), value->size());
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+grpc_error_handle grpc_error_add_child(grpc_error_handle src,
+                                       grpc_error_handle child) {
+  grpc_core::StatusAddChild(&src, child);
+  return src;
+}
+
+bool grpc_log_error(const char* what, grpc_error_handle error, const char* file,
+                    int line) {
+  GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+  gpr_log(file, line, GPR_LOG_SEVERITY_ERROR, "%s: %s", what,
+          grpc_core::StatusToString(error).c_str());
+  return false;
+}
+
+#else  // GRPC_ERROR_IS_ABSEIL_STATUS
+
 static const char* error_int_name(grpc_error_ints key) {
   switch (key) {
     case GRPC_ERROR_INT_ERRNO:
@@ -61,20 +169,18 @@ static const char* error_int_name(grpc_error_ints key) {
       return "http2_error";
     case GRPC_ERROR_INT_TSI_CODE:
       return "tsi_code";
-    case GRPC_ERROR_INT_SECURITY_STATUS:
-      return "security_status";
     case GRPC_ERROR_INT_FD:
       return "fd";
     case GRPC_ERROR_INT_WSA_ERROR:
       return "wsa_error";
     case GRPC_ERROR_INT_HTTP_STATUS:
       return "http_status";
-    case GRPC_ERROR_INT_LIMIT:
-      return "limit";
     case GRPC_ERROR_INT_OCCURRED_DURING_WRITE:
       return "occurred_during_write";
     case GRPC_ERROR_INT_CHANNEL_CONNECTIVITY_STATE:
       return "channel_connectivity_state";
+    case GRPC_ERROR_INT_LB_POLICY_DROP:
+      return "lb_policy_drop";
     case GRPC_ERROR_INT_MAX:
       GPR_UNREACHABLE_CODE(return "unknown");
   }
@@ -105,8 +211,6 @@ static const char* error_str_name(grpc_error_strs key) {
       return "tsi_error";
     case GRPC_ERROR_STR_FILENAME:
       return "filename";
-    case GRPC_ERROR_STR_QUEUED_BUFFERS:
-      return "queued_buffers";
     case GRPC_ERROR_STR_MAX:
       GPR_UNREACHABLE_CODE(return "unknown");
   }
@@ -124,7 +228,8 @@ static const char* error_time_name(grpc_error_times key) {
 }
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-grpc_error* grpc_error_do_ref(grpc_error* err, const char* file, int line) {
+grpc_error_handle grpc_error_do_ref(grpc_error_handle err, const char* file,
+                                    int line) {
   if (grpc_trace_error_refcount.enabled()) {
     gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%p: %" PRIdPTR " -> %" PRIdPTR " [%s:%d]", err,
             gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&err->atomics.refs.count),
@@ -134,13 +239,13 @@ grpc_error* grpc_error_do_ref(grpc_error* err, const char* file, int line) {
   return err;
 }
 #else
-grpc_error* grpc_error_do_ref(grpc_error* err) {
+grpc_error_handle grpc_error_do_ref(grpc_error_handle err) {
   gpr_ref(&err->atomics.refs);
   return err;
 }
 #endif
 
-static void unref_errs(grpc_error* err) {
+static void unref_errs(grpc_error_handle err) {
   uint8_t slot = err->first_err;
   while (slot != UINT8_MAX) {
     grpc_linked_error* lerr =
@@ -152,7 +257,7 @@ static void unref_errs(grpc_error* err) {
   }
 }
 
-static void unref_strs(grpc_error* err) {
+static void unref_strs(grpc_error_handle err) {
   for (size_t which = 0; which < GRPC_ERROR_STR_MAX; ++which) {
     uint8_t slot = err->strs[which];
     if (slot != UINT8_MAX) {
@@ -162,7 +267,7 @@ static void unref_strs(grpc_error* err) {
   }
 }
 
-static void error_destroy(grpc_error* err) {
+static void error_destroy(grpc_error_handle err) {
   GPR_ASSERT(!grpc_error_is_special(err));
   unref_errs(err);
   unref_strs(err);
@@ -172,7 +277,7 @@ static void error_destroy(grpc_error* err) {
 }
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-void grpc_error_do_unref(grpc_error* err, const char* file, int line) {
+void grpc_error_do_unref(grpc_error_handle err, const char* file, int line) {
   if (grpc_trace_error_refcount.enabled()) {
     gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%p: %" PRIdPTR " -> %" PRIdPTR " [%s:%d]", err,
             gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&err->atomics.refs.count),
@@ -183,14 +288,14 @@ void grpc_error_do_unref(grpc_error* err, const char* file, int line) {
   }
 }
 #else
-void grpc_error_do_unref(grpc_error* err) {
+void grpc_error_do_unref(grpc_error_handle err) {
   if (gpr_unref(&err->atomics.refs)) {
     error_destroy(err);
   }
 }
 #endif
 
-static uint8_t get_placement(grpc_error** err, size_t size) {
+static uint8_t get_placement(grpc_error_handle* err, size_t size) {
   GPR_ASSERT(*err);
   uint8_t slots = static_cast<uint8_t>(size / sizeof(intptr_t));
   if ((*err)->arena_size + slots > (*err)->arena_capacity) {
@@ -200,9 +305,9 @@ static uint8_t get_placement(grpc_error** err, size_t size) {
       return UINT8_MAX;
     }
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-    grpc_error* orig = *err;
+    grpc_error_handle orig = *err;
 #endif
-    *err = static_cast<grpc_error*>(gpr_realloc(
+    *err = static_cast<grpc_error_handle>(gpr_realloc(
         *err, sizeof(grpc_error) + (*err)->arena_capacity * sizeof(intptr_t)));
 #ifndef NDEBUG
     if (grpc_trace_error_refcount.enabled()) {
@@ -217,7 +322,7 @@ static uint8_t get_placement(grpc_error** err, size_t size) {
   return placement;
 }
 
-static void internal_set_int(grpc_error** err, grpc_error_ints which,
+static void internal_set_int(grpc_error_handle* err, grpc_error_ints which,
                              intptr_t value) {
   uint8_t slot = (*err)->ints[which];
   if (slot == UINT8_MAX) {
@@ -232,7 +337,7 @@ static void internal_set_int(grpc_error** err, grpc_error_ints which,
   (*err)->arena[slot] = value;
 }
 
-static void internal_set_str(grpc_error** err, grpc_error_strs which,
+static void internal_set_str(grpc_error_handle* err, grpc_error_strs which,
                              const grpc_slice& value) {
   uint8_t slot = (*err)->strs[which];
   if (slot == UINT8_MAX) {
@@ -253,7 +358,7 @@ static void internal_set_str(grpc_error** err, grpc_error_strs which,
 }
 
 static char* fmt_time(gpr_timespec tm);
-static void internal_set_time(grpc_error** err, grpc_error_times which,
+static void internal_set_time(grpc_error_handle* err, grpc_error_times which,
                               gpr_timespec value) {
   uint8_t slot = (*err)->times[which];
   if (slot == UINT8_MAX) {
@@ -270,7 +375,8 @@ static void internal_set_time(grpc_error** err, grpc_error_times which,
   memcpy((*err)->arena + slot, &value, sizeof(value));
 }
 
-static void internal_add_error(grpc_error** err, grpc_error* new_err) {
+static void internal_add_error(grpc_error_handle* err,
+                               grpc_error_handle new_err) {
   grpc_linked_error new_last = {new_err, UINT8_MAX};
   uint8_t slot = get_placement(err, sizeof(grpc_linked_error));
   if (slot == UINT8_MAX) {
@@ -306,25 +412,16 @@ static void internal_add_error(grpc_error** err, grpc_error* new_err) {
 // It is very common to include and extra int and string in an error
 #define SURPLUS_CAPACITY (2 * SLOTS_PER_INT + SLOTS_PER_TIME)
 
-static gpr_atm g_error_creation_allowed = true;
-
-void grpc_disable_error_creation() {
-  gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&g_error_creation_allowed, false);
-}
-
-void grpc_enable_error_creation() {
-  gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&g_error_creation_allowed, true);
-}
-
-grpc_error* grpc_error_create(const char* file, int line,
-                              const grpc_slice& desc, grpc_error** referencing,
-                              size_t num_referencing) {
+grpc_error_handle grpc_error_create(const char* file, int line,
+                                    const grpc_slice& desc,
+                                    grpc_error_handle* referencing,
+                                    size_t num_referencing) {
   GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("grpc_error_create", 0);
   uint8_t initial_arena_capacity = static_cast<uint8_t>(
       DEFAULT_ERROR_CAPACITY +
       static_cast<uint8_t>(num_referencing * SLOTS_PER_LINKED_ERROR) +
       SURPLUS_CAPACITY);
-  grpc_error* err = static_cast<grpc_error*>(
+  grpc_error_handle err = static_cast<grpc_error_handle>(
       gpr_malloc(sizeof(*err) + initial_arena_capacity * sizeof(intptr_t)));
   if (err == nullptr) {  // TODO(ctiller): make gpr_malloc return NULL
     return GRPC_ERROR_OOM;
@@ -370,7 +467,7 @@ grpc_error* grpc_error_create(const char* file, int line,
   return err;
 }
 
-static void ref_strs(grpc_error* err) {
+static void ref_strs(grpc_error_handle err) {
   for (size_t i = 0; i < GRPC_ERROR_STR_MAX; ++i) {
     uint8_t slot = err->strs[i];
     if (slot != UINT8_MAX) {
@@ -380,7 +477,7 @@ static void ref_strs(grpc_error* err) {
   }
 }
 
-static void ref_errs(grpc_error* err) {
+static void ref_errs(grpc_error_handle err) {
   uint8_t slot = err->first_err;
   while (slot != UINT8_MAX) {
     grpc_linked_error* lerr =
@@ -390,9 +487,9 @@ static void ref_errs(grpc_error* err) {
   }
 }
 
-static grpc_error* copy_error_and_unref(grpc_error* in) {
+static grpc_error_handle copy_error_and_unref(grpc_error_handle in) {
   GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("copy_error_and_unref", 0);
-  grpc_error* out;
+  grpc_error_handle out;
   if (grpc_error_is_special(in)) {
     out = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("unknown");
     if (in == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
@@ -417,7 +514,7 @@ static grpc_error* copy_error_and_unref(grpc_error* in) {
         static_cast<uint8_t> SLOTS_PER_STR) {
       new_arena_capacity = static_cast<uint8_t>(3 * new_arena_capacity / 2);
     }
-    out = static_cast<grpc_error*>(
+    out = static_cast<grpc_error_handle>(
         gpr_malloc(sizeof(*in) + new_arena_capacity * sizeof(intptr_t)));
 #ifndef NDEBUG
     if (grpc_trace_error_refcount.enabled()) {
@@ -441,10 +538,10 @@ static grpc_error* copy_error_and_unref(grpc_error* in) {
   return out;
 }
 
-grpc_error* grpc_error_set_int(grpc_error* src, grpc_error_ints which,
-                               intptr_t value) {
+grpc_error_handle grpc_error_set_int(grpc_error_handle src,
+                                     grpc_error_ints which, intptr_t value) {
   GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("grpc_error_set_int", 0);
-  grpc_error* new_err = copy_error_and_unref(src);
+  grpc_error_handle new_err = copy_error_and_unref(src);
   internal_set_int(&new_err, which, value);
   return new_err;
 }
@@ -464,7 +561,8 @@ const special_error_status_map error_status_map[] = {
      strlen("Cancelled")},  // GRPC_ERROR_CANCELLED
 };
 
-bool grpc_error_get_int(grpc_error* err, grpc_error_ints which, intptr_t* p) {
+bool grpc_error_get_int(grpc_error_handle err, grpc_error_ints which,
+                        intptr_t* p) {
   GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("grpc_error_get_int", 0);
   if (grpc_error_is_special(err)) {
     if (which != GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS) return false;
@@ -479,15 +577,16 @@ bool grpc_error_get_int(grpc_error* err, grpc_error_ints which, intptr_t* p) {
   return false;
 }
 
-grpc_error* grpc_error_set_str(grpc_error* src, grpc_error_strs which,
-                               const grpc_slice& str) {
+grpc_error_handle grpc_error_set_str(grpc_error_handle src,
+                                     grpc_error_strs which,
+                                     const grpc_slice& str) {
   GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("grpc_error_set_str", 0);
-  grpc_error* new_err = copy_error_and_unref(src);
+  grpc_error_handle new_err = copy_error_and_unref(src);
   internal_set_str(&new_err, which, str);
   return new_err;
 }
 
-bool grpc_error_get_str(grpc_error* err, grpc_error_strs which,
+bool grpc_error_get_str(grpc_error_handle err, grpc_error_strs which,
                         grpc_slice* str) {
   if (grpc_error_is_special(err)) {
     if (which != GRPC_ERROR_STR_GRPC_MESSAGE) return false;
@@ -508,14 +607,15 @@ bool grpc_error_get_str(grpc_error* err, grpc_error_strs which,
   }
 }
 
-grpc_error* grpc_error_add_child(grpc_error* src, grpc_error* child) {
+grpc_error_handle grpc_error_add_child(grpc_error_handle src,
+                                       grpc_error_handle child) {
   GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("grpc_error_add_child", 0);
   if (src != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
     if (child == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
       /* \a child is empty. Simply return the ref to \a src */
       return src;
     } else if (child != src) {
-      grpc_error* new_err = copy_error_and_unref(src);
+      grpc_error_handle new_err = copy_error_and_unref(src);
       internal_add_error(&new_err, child);
       return new_err;
     } else {
@@ -616,7 +716,7 @@ static char* fmt_int(intptr_t p) {
   return s;
 }
 
-static void collect_ints_kvs(grpc_error* err, kv_pairs* kvs) {
+static void collect_ints_kvs(grpc_error_handle err, kv_pairs* kvs) {
   for (size_t which = 0; which < GRPC_ERROR_INT_MAX; ++which) {
     uint8_t slot = err->ints[which];
     if (slot != UINT8_MAX) {
@@ -640,7 +740,7 @@ static char* fmt_str(const grpc_slice& slice) {
   return s;
 }
 
-static void collect_strs_kvs(grpc_error* err, kv_pairs* kvs) {
+static void collect_strs_kvs(grpc_error_handle err, kv_pairs* kvs) {
   for (size_t which = 0; which < GRPC_ERROR_STR_MAX; ++which) {
     uint8_t slot = err->strs[which];
     if (slot != UINT8_MAX) {
@@ -675,7 +775,7 @@ static char* fmt_time(gpr_timespec tm) {
   return out;
 }
 
-static void collect_times_kvs(grpc_error* err, kv_pairs* kvs) {
+static void collect_times_kvs(grpc_error_handle err, kv_pairs* kvs) {
   for (size_t which = 0; which < GRPC_ERROR_TIME_MAX; ++which) {
     uint8_t slot = err->times[which];
     if (slot != UINT8_MAX) {
@@ -685,7 +785,7 @@ static void collect_times_kvs(grpc_error* err, kv_pairs* kvs) {
   }
 }
 
-static void add_errs(grpc_error* err, char** s, size_t* sz, size_t* cap) {
+static void add_errs(grpc_error_handle err, char** s, size_t* sz, size_t* cap) {
   uint8_t slot = err->first_err;
   bool first = true;
   while (slot != UINT8_MAX) {
@@ -701,7 +801,7 @@ static void add_errs(grpc_error* err, char** s, size_t* sz, size_t* cap) {
   }
 }
 
-static char* errs_string(grpc_error* err) {
+static char* errs_string(grpc_error_handle err) {
   char* s = nullptr;
   size_t sz = 0;
   size_t cap = 0;
@@ -740,7 +840,7 @@ static char* finish_kvs(kv_pairs* kvs) {
   return s;
 }
 
-const char* grpc_error_string(grpc_error* err) {
+const char* grpc_error_string(grpc_error_handle err) {
   GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("grpc_error_string", 0);
   if (err == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return no_error_string;
   if (err == GRPC_ERROR_OOM) return oom_error_string;
@@ -775,8 +875,12 @@ const char* grpc_error_string(grpc_error* err) {
   return out;
 }
 
-grpc_error* grpc_os_error(const char* file, int line, int err,
-                          const char* call_name) {
+std::string grpc_error_std_string(grpc_error_handle error) {
+  return std::string(grpc_error_string(error));
+}
+
+grpc_error_handle grpc_os_error(const char* file, int line, int err,
+                                const char* call_name) {
   return grpc_error_set_str(
       grpc_error_set_str(
           grpc_error_set_int(
@@ -790,10 +894,10 @@ grpc_error* grpc_os_error(const char* file, int line, int err,
 }
 
 #ifdef GPR_WINDOWS
-grpc_error* grpc_wsa_error(const char* file, int line, int err,
-                           const char* call_name) {
+grpc_error_handle grpc_wsa_error(const char* file, int line, int err,
+                                 const char* call_name) {
   char* utf8_message = gpr_format_message(err);
-  grpc_error* error = grpc_error_set_str(
+  grpc_error_handle error = grpc_error_set_str(
       grpc_error_set_str(
           grpc_error_set_int(
               grpc_error_create(file, line,
@@ -807,7 +911,7 @@ grpc_error* grpc_wsa_error(const char* file, int line, int err,
 }
 #endif
 
-bool grpc_log_error(const char* what, grpc_error* error, const char* file,
+bool grpc_log_error(const char* what, grpc_error_handle error, const char* file,
                     int line) {
   GPR_DEBUG_ASSERT(error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
   const char* msg = grpc_error_string(error);
@@ -815,3 +919,5 @@ bool grpc_log_error(const char* what, grpc_error* error, const char* file,
   GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
   return false;
 }
+
+#endif  // GRPC_ERROR_IS_ABSEIL_STATUS