grpc 1.32.0.pre1 → 1.35.0

data/third_party/boringssl-with-bazel/src/crypto/trust_token/trust_token.c

@@ -36,10 +36,49 @@ const TRUST_TOKEN_METHOD *TRUST_TOKEN_experiment_v1(void) {
       pmbtoken_exp1_sign,
       pmbtoken_exp1_unblind,
       pmbtoken_exp1_read,
+      1, /* has_private_metadata */
+      3, /* max_keys */
+      1, /* has_srr */
   };
   return &kMethod;
 }
 
+const TRUST_TOKEN_METHOD *TRUST_TOKEN_experiment_v2_voprf(void) {
+  static const TRUST_TOKEN_METHOD kMethod = {
+      voprf_exp2_generate_key,
+      voprf_exp2_client_key_from_bytes,
+      voprf_exp2_issuer_key_from_bytes,
+      voprf_exp2_blind,
+      voprf_exp2_sign,
+      voprf_exp2_unblind,
+      voprf_exp2_read,
+      0, /* has_private_metadata */
+      6, /* max_keys */
+      0, /* has_srr */
+  };
+  return &kMethod;
+}
+
+const TRUST_TOKEN_METHOD *TRUST_TOKEN_experiment_v2_pmb(void) {
+  static const TRUST_TOKEN_METHOD kMethod = {
+      pmbtoken_exp2_generate_key,
+      pmbtoken_exp2_client_key_from_bytes,
+      pmbtoken_exp2_issuer_key_from_bytes,
+      pmbtoken_exp2_blind,
+      pmbtoken_exp2_sign,
+      pmbtoken_exp2_unblind,
+      pmbtoken_exp2_read,
+      1, /* has_private_metadata */
+      3, /* max_keys */
+      0, /* has_srr */
+  };
+  return &kMethod;
+}
+
+void TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_free(TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN *pretoken) {
+  OPENSSL_free(pretoken);
+}
+
 TRUST_TOKEN *TRUST_TOKEN_new(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   TRUST_TOKEN *ret = OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(TRUST_TOKEN));
   if (ret == NULL) {
@@ -125,13 +164,14 @@ void TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT_free(TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT *ctx) {
     return;
   }
   EVP_PKEY_free(ctx->srr_key);
-  sk_PMBTOKEN_PRETOKEN_pop_free(ctx->pretokens, PMBTOKEN_PRETOKEN_free);
+  sk_TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_pop_free(ctx->pretokens, TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_free);
   OPENSSL_free(ctx);
 }
 
 int TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT_add_key(TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT *ctx, size_t *out_key_index,
                                const uint8_t *key, size_t key_len) {
-  if (ctx->num_keys == OPENSSL_ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->keys)) {
+  if (ctx->num_keys == OPENSSL_ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->keys) ||
+      ctx->num_keys >= ctx->method->max_keys) {
     OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_TOO_MANY_KEYS);
     return 0;
   }
@@ -153,6 +193,9 @@ int TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT_add_key(TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT *ctx, size_t *out_key_index,
 }
 
 int TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT_set_srr_key(TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT *ctx, EVP_PKEY *key) {
+  if (!ctx->method->has_srr) {
+    return 1;
+  }
   EVP_PKEY_free(ctx->srr_key);
   EVP_PKEY_up_ref(key);
   ctx->srr_key = key;
@@ -167,7 +210,7 @@ int TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT_begin_issuance(TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT *ctx, uint8_t **out,
 
   int ret = 0;
   CBB request;
-  STACK_OF(PMBTOKEN_PRETOKEN) *pretokens = NULL;
+  STACK_OF(TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN) *pretokens = NULL;
   if (!CBB_init(&request, 0) ||
       !CBB_add_u16(&request, count)) {
     OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
@@ -184,14 +227,14 @@ int TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT_begin_issuance(TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT *ctx, uint8_t **out,
     goto err;
   }
 
-  sk_PMBTOKEN_PRETOKEN_pop_free(ctx->pretokens, PMBTOKEN_PRETOKEN_free);
+  sk_TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_pop_free(ctx->pretokens, TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_free);
   ctx->pretokens = pretokens;
   pretokens = NULL;
   ret = 1;
 
 err:
   CBB_cleanup(&request);
-  sk_PMBTOKEN_PRETOKEN_pop_free(pretokens, PMBTOKEN_PRETOKEN_free);
+  sk_TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_pop_free(pretokens, TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_free);
   return ret;
 }
 
@@ -225,7 +268,7 @@ STACK_OF(TRUST_TOKEN) *
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  if (count > sk_PMBTOKEN_PRETOKEN_num(ctx->pretokens)) {
+  if (count > sk_TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_num(ctx->pretokens)) {
     OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_DECODE_FAILURE);
     return NULL;
   }
@@ -242,7 +285,7 @@ STACK_OF(TRUST_TOKEN) *
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  sk_PMBTOKEN_PRETOKEN_pop_free(ctx->pretokens, PMBTOKEN_PRETOKEN_free);
+  sk_TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_pop_free(ctx->pretokens, TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_free);
   ctx->pretokens = NULL;
 
   *out_key_index = key_index;
@@ -260,7 +303,7 @@ int TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT_begin_redemption(TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT *ctx, uint8_t **out,
       !CBB_add_bytes(&token_inner, token->data, token->len) ||
       !CBB_add_u16_length_prefixed(&request, &inner) ||
       !CBB_add_bytes(&inner, data, data_len) ||
-      !CBB_add_u64(&request, time) ||
+      (ctx->method->has_srr && !CBB_add_u64(&request, time)) ||
       !CBB_finish(&request, out, out_len)) {
     OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
     CBB_cleanup(&request);
@@ -270,23 +313,35 @@ int TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT_begin_redemption(TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT *ctx, uint8_t **out,
 }
 
 int TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT_finish_redemption(TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT *ctx,
-                                         uint8_t **out_srr, size_t *out_srr_len,
+                                         uint8_t **out_rr, size_t *out_rr_len,
                                          uint8_t **out_sig, size_t *out_sig_len,
                                          const uint8_t *response,
                                          size_t response_len) {
-  if (ctx->srr_key == NULL) {
-    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_NO_SRR_KEY_CONFIGURED);
-    return 0;
-  }
-
   CBS in, srr, sig;
   CBS_init(&in, response, response_len);
+  if (!ctx->method->has_srr) {
+    if (!CBS_stow(&in, out_rr, out_rr_len)) {
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    *out_sig = NULL;
+    *out_sig_len = 0;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
   if (!CBS_get_u16_length_prefixed(&in, &srr) ||
-      !CBS_get_u16_length_prefixed(&in, &sig)) {
+      !CBS_get_u16_length_prefixed(&in, &sig) ||
+      CBS_len(&in) != 0) {
     OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_DECODE_ERROR);
     return 0;
   }
 
+  if (ctx->srr_key == NULL) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_NO_SRR_KEY_CONFIGURED);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
   EVP_MD_CTX md_ctx;
   EVP_MD_CTX_init(&md_ctx);
   int sig_ok = EVP_DigestVerifyInit(&md_ctx, NULL, NULL, NULL, ctx->srr_key) &&
@@ -309,8 +364,8 @@ int TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT_finish_redemption(TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT *ctx,
     return 0;
   }
 
-  *out_srr = srr_buf;
-  *out_srr_len = srr_len;
+  *out_rr = srr_buf;
+  *out_rr_len = srr_len;
   *out_sig = sig_buf;
   *out_sig_len = sig_len;
   return 1;
@@ -346,7 +401,8 @@ void TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_free(TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER *ctx) {
 
 int TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_add_key(TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER *ctx, const uint8_t *key,
                                size_t key_len) {
-  if (ctx->num_keys == OPENSSL_ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->keys)) {
+  if (ctx->num_keys == OPENSSL_ARRAY_SIZE(ctx->keys) ||
+      ctx->num_keys >= ctx->method->max_keys) {
     OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_TOO_MANY_KEYS);
     return 0;
   }
@@ -411,7 +467,8 @@ int TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_issue(const TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER *ctx, uint8_t **out,
 
   const struct trust_token_issuer_key_st *key =
       trust_token_issuer_get_key(ctx, public_metadata);
-  if (key == NULL || private_metadata > 1) {
+  if (key == NULL || private_metadata > 1 ||
+      (!ctx->method->has_private_metadata && private_metadata != 0)) {
     OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_INVALID_METADATA);
     return 0;
   }
@@ -461,6 +518,72 @@ err:
   return ret;
 }
 
+
+int TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_redeem_raw(const TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER *ctx,
+                                  uint32_t *out_public, uint8_t *out_private,
+                                  TRUST_TOKEN **out_token,
+                                  uint8_t **out_client_data,
+                                  size_t *out_client_data_len,
+                                  const uint8_t *request, size_t request_len) {
+  CBS request_cbs, token_cbs;
+  CBS_init(&request_cbs, request, request_len);
+  if (!CBS_get_u16_length_prefixed(&request_cbs, &token_cbs)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_DECODE_ERROR);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t public_metadata = 0;
+  uint8_t private_metadata = 0;
+
+  // Parse the token. If there is an error, treat it as an invalid token.
+  if (!CBS_get_u32(&token_cbs, &public_metadata)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_INVALID_TOKEN);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  const struct trust_token_issuer_key_st *key =
+      trust_token_issuer_get_key(ctx, public_metadata);
+  uint8_t nonce[TRUST_TOKEN_NONCE_SIZE];
+  if (key == NULL ||
+      !ctx->method->read(&key->key, nonce, &private_metadata,
+                         CBS_data(&token_cbs), CBS_len(&token_cbs))) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_INVALID_TOKEN);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  CBS client_data;
+  if (!CBS_get_u16_length_prefixed(&request_cbs, &client_data) ||
+      (ctx->method->has_srr && !CBS_skip(&request_cbs, 8)) ||
+      CBS_len(&request_cbs) != 0) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_DECODE_ERROR);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t *client_data_buf = NULL;
+  size_t client_data_len = 0;
+  if (!CBS_stow(&client_data, &client_data_buf, &client_data_len)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  TRUST_TOKEN *token = TRUST_TOKEN_new(nonce, TRUST_TOKEN_NONCE_SIZE);
+  if (token == NULL) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+    goto err;
+  }
+  *out_public = public_metadata;
+  *out_private = private_metadata;
+  *out_token = token;
+  *out_client_data = client_data_buf;
+  *out_client_data_len = client_data_len;
+
+  return 1;
+
+err:
+  OPENSSL_free(client_data_buf);
+  return 0;
+}
+
 // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7049#section-2.1
 static int add_cbor_int_with_type(CBB *cbb, uint8_t major_type,
                                   uint64_t value) {
@@ -544,7 +667,7 @@ int TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_redeem(const TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER *ctx, uint8_t **out,
 
   const struct trust_token_issuer_key_st *key =
       trust_token_issuer_get_key(ctx, public_metadata);
-  uint8_t nonce[PMBTOKEN_NONCE_SIZE];
+  uint8_t nonce[TRUST_TOKEN_NONCE_SIZE];
   if (key == NULL ||
       !ctx->method->read(&key->key, nonce, &private_metadata,
                          CBS_data(&token_cbs), CBS_len(&token_cbs))) {
@@ -565,9 +688,9 @@ int TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_redeem(const TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER *ctx, uint8_t **out,
   }
 
   CBS client_data;
-  uint64_t redemption_time;
+  uint64_t redemption_time = 0;
   if (!CBS_get_u16_length_prefixed(&request_cbs, &client_data) ||
-      !CBS_get_u64(&request_cbs, &redemption_time)) {
+      (ctx->method->has_srr && !CBS_get_u64(&request_cbs, &redemption_time))) {
     OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_DECODE_ERROR);
     goto err;
   }
@@ -586,6 +709,19 @@ int TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_redeem(const TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER *ctx, uint8_t **out,
   // The SRR is constructed as per the format described in
   // https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TNnya6B8pyomDK2F1R9CL3dY10OAmqWlnCxsWyOBDVQ/edit#heading=h.7mkzvhpqb8l5
 
+  // The V2 protocol is intended to be used with
+  // |TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_redeem_raw|. However, we temporarily support it with
+  // |TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_redeem| to ease the transition for existing issuer
+  // callers. Those callers' consumers currently expect an expiry-timestamp
+  // field, so we fill in a placeholder value.
+  //
+  // TODO(svaldez): After the existing issues have migrated to
+  // |TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_redeem_raw| remove this logic.
+  uint64_t expiry_time = 0;
+  if (ctx->method->has_srr) {
+    expiry_time = redemption_time + lifetime;
+  }
+
   static const char kClientDataLabel[] = "client-data";
   static const char kExpiryTimestampLabel[] = "expiry-timestamp";
   static const char kMetadataLabel[] = "metadata";
@@ -616,7 +752,7 @@ int TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_redeem(const TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER *ctx, uint8_t **out,
       !CBB_add_bytes(&srr, CBS_data(&client_data), CBS_len(&client_data)) ||
       !add_cbor_text(&srr, kExpiryTimestampLabel,
                      strlen(kExpiryTimestampLabel)) ||
-      !add_cbor_int(&srr, redemption_time + lifetime) ||
+      !add_cbor_int(&srr, expiry_time) ||
       !CBB_finish(&srr, &srr_buf, &srr_len)) {
     OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
     goto err;
@@ -628,16 +764,56 @@ int TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_redeem(const TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER *ctx, uint8_t **out,
     goto err;
   }
 
-  CBB child;
-  uint8_t *ptr;
-  if (!CBB_add_u16_length_prefixed(&response, &child) ||
-      !CBB_add_bytes(&child, srr_buf, srr_len) ||
-      !CBB_add_u16_length_prefixed(&response, &child) ||
-      !CBB_reserve(&child, &ptr, sig_len) ||
-      !EVP_DigestSign(&md_ctx, ptr, &sig_len, srr_buf, srr_len) ||
-      !CBB_did_write(&child, sig_len)) {
-    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
-    goto err;
+  // Merge SRR and Signature into single string.
+  // TODO(svaldez): Expose API to construct this from the caller.
+  if (!ctx->method->has_srr) {
+    static const char kSRRHeader[] = "body=:";
+    static const char kSRRSplit[] = ":, signature=:";
+    static const char kSRREnd[] = ":";
+
+    size_t srr_b64_len, sig_b64_len;
+    if (!EVP_EncodedLength(&srr_b64_len, srr_len) ||
+        !EVP_EncodedLength(&sig_b64_len, sig_len)) {
+      goto err;
+    }
+
+    sig_buf = OPENSSL_malloc(sig_len);
+    uint8_t *srr_b64_buf = OPENSSL_malloc(srr_b64_len);
+    uint8_t *sig_b64_buf = OPENSSL_malloc(sig_b64_len);
+    if (!sig_buf ||
+        !srr_b64_buf ||
+        !sig_b64_buf ||
+        !EVP_DigestSign(&md_ctx, sig_buf, &sig_len, srr_buf, srr_len) ||
+        !CBB_add_bytes(&response, (const uint8_t *)kSRRHeader,
+                       strlen(kSRRHeader)) ||
+        !CBB_add_bytes(&response, srr_b64_buf,
+                       EVP_EncodeBlock(srr_b64_buf, srr_buf, srr_len)) ||
+        !CBB_add_bytes(&response, (const uint8_t *)kSRRSplit,
+                       strlen(kSRRSplit)) ||
+        !CBB_add_bytes(&response, sig_b64_buf,
+                       EVP_EncodeBlock(sig_b64_buf, sig_buf, sig_len)) ||
+        !CBB_add_bytes(&response, (const uint8_t *)kSRREnd, strlen(kSRREnd))) {
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+      OPENSSL_free(srr_b64_buf);
+      OPENSSL_free(sig_b64_buf);
+      goto err;
+    }
+
+    OPENSSL_free(srr_b64_buf);
+    OPENSSL_free(sig_b64_buf);
+  } else {
+    CBB child;
+    uint8_t *ptr;
+    if (!CBB_add_u16_length_prefixed(&response, &child) ||
+        !CBB_add_bytes(&child, srr_buf, srr_len) ||
+        !CBB_add_u16_length_prefixed(&response, &child) ||
+        !CBB_reserve(&child, &ptr, sig_len) ||
+        !EVP_DigestSign(&md_ctx, ptr, &sig_len, srr_buf, srr_len) ||
+        !CBB_did_write(&child, sig_len) ||
+        !CBB_flush(&response)) {
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+      goto err;
+    }
   }
 
   if (!CBS_stow(&client_data, &client_data_buf, &client_data_len) ||
@@ -646,7 +822,7 @@ int TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_redeem(const TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER *ctx, uint8_t **out,
     goto err;
   }
 
-  TRUST_TOKEN *token = TRUST_TOKEN_new(nonce, PMBTOKEN_NONCE_SIZE);
+  TRUST_TOKEN *token = TRUST_TOKEN_new(nonce, TRUST_TOKEN_NONCE_SIZE);
   if (token == NULL) {
     OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
     goto err;

data/third_party/boringssl-with-bazel/src/crypto/trust_token/voprf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,766 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2020, Google Inc.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
+ * CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. */
+
+#include <openssl/trust_token.h>
+
+#include <openssl/bn.h>
+#include <openssl/bytestring.h>
+#include <openssl/ec.h>
+#include <openssl/err.h>
+#include <openssl/mem.h>
+#include <openssl/nid.h>
+#include <openssl/rand.h>
+
+#include "../ec_extra/internal.h"
+#include "../fipsmodule/ec/internal.h"
+
+#include "internal.h"
+
+
+typedef int (*hash_to_group_func_t)(const EC_GROUP *group, EC_RAW_POINT *out,
+                                    const uint8_t t[TRUST_TOKEN_NONCE_SIZE]);
+typedef int (*hash_to_scalar_func_t)(const EC_GROUP *group, EC_SCALAR *out,
+                                     uint8_t *buf, size_t len);
+
+typedef struct {
+  const EC_GROUP *group;
+
+  // hash_to_group implements the HashToGroup operation for VOPRFs. It returns
+  // one on success and zero on error.
+  hash_to_group_func_t hash_to_group;
+  // hash_to_scalar implements the HashToScalar operation for VOPRFs. It returns
+  // one on success and zero on error.
+  hash_to_scalar_func_t hash_to_scalar;
+} VOPRF_METHOD;
+
+static const uint8_t kDefaultAdditionalData[32] = {0};
+
+static int voprf_init_method(VOPRF_METHOD *method, int curve_nid,
+                             hash_to_group_func_t hash_to_group,
+                             hash_to_scalar_func_t hash_to_scalar) {
+  method->group = EC_GROUP_new_by_curve_name(curve_nid);
+  if (method->group == NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  method->hash_to_group = hash_to_group;
+  method->hash_to_scalar = hash_to_scalar;
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int cbb_add_point(CBB *out, const EC_GROUP *group,
+                         const EC_AFFINE *point) {
+  size_t len =
+      ec_point_to_bytes(group, point, POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED, NULL, 0);
+  if (len == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t *p;
+  return CBB_add_space(out, &p, len) &&
+         ec_point_to_bytes(group, point, POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED, p,
+                           len) == len &&
+         CBB_flush(out);
+}
+
+static int cbs_get_point(CBS *cbs, const EC_GROUP *group, EC_AFFINE *out) {
+  CBS child;
+  size_t plen = 1 + 2 * BN_num_bytes(&group->field);
+  if (!CBS_get_bytes(cbs, &child, plen) ||
+      !ec_point_from_uncompressed(group, out, CBS_data(&child),
+                                  CBS_len(&child))) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int scalar_to_cbb(CBB *out, const EC_GROUP *group,
+                         const EC_SCALAR *scalar) {
+  uint8_t *buf;
+  size_t scalar_len = BN_num_bytes(&group->order);
+  if (!CBB_add_space(out, &buf, scalar_len)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  ec_scalar_to_bytes(group, buf, &scalar_len, scalar);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int scalar_from_cbs(CBS *cbs, const EC_GROUP *group, EC_SCALAR *out) {
+  size_t scalar_len = BN_num_bytes(&group->order);
+  CBS tmp;
+  if (!CBS_get_bytes(cbs, &tmp, scalar_len)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_DECODE_FAILURE);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  ec_scalar_from_bytes(group, out, CBS_data(&tmp), CBS_len(&tmp));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int voprf_generate_key(const VOPRF_METHOD *method, CBB *out_private,
+                              CBB *out_public) {
+  const EC_GROUP *group = method->group;
+  EC_RAW_POINT pub;
+  EC_SCALAR priv;
+  EC_AFFINE pub_affine;
+  if (!ec_random_nonzero_scalar(group, &priv, kDefaultAdditionalData) ||
+      !ec_point_mul_scalar_base(group, &pub, &priv) ||
+      !ec_jacobian_to_affine(group, &pub_affine, &pub)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_KEYGEN_FAILURE);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (!scalar_to_cbb(out_private, group, &priv) ||
+      !cbb_add_point(out_public, group, &pub_affine)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int voprf_client_key_from_bytes(const VOPRF_METHOD *method,
+                                       TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT_KEY *key,
+                                       const uint8_t *in, size_t len) {
+  const EC_GROUP *group = method->group;
+  if (!ec_point_from_uncompressed(group, &key->pubs, in, len)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_DECODE_FAILURE);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int voprf_issuer_key_from_bytes(const VOPRF_METHOD *method,
+                                       TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_KEY *key,
+                                       const uint8_t *in, size_t len) {
+  const EC_GROUP *group = method->group;
+  if (!ec_scalar_from_bytes(group, &key->xs, in, len)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_DECODE_FAILURE);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Recompute the public key.
+  EC_RAW_POINT pub;
+  if (!ec_point_mul_scalar_base(group, &pub, &key->xs) ||
+      !ec_jacobian_to_affine(group, &key->pubs, &pub)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static STACK_OF(TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN) *
+    voprf_blind(const VOPRF_METHOD *method, CBB *cbb, size_t count) {
+  const EC_GROUP *group = method->group;
+  STACK_OF(TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN) *pretokens =
+      sk_TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_new_null();
+  if (pretokens == NULL) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    // Insert |pretoken| into |pretokens| early to simplify error-handling.
+    TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN *pretoken =
+        OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN));
+    if (pretoken == NULL ||
+        !sk_TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_push(pretokens, pretoken)) {
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+      TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_free(pretoken);
+      goto err;
+    }
+
+    RAND_bytes(pretoken->t, sizeof(pretoken->t));
+
+    // We sample r in Montgomery form to simplify inverting.
+    EC_SCALAR r;
+    if (!ec_random_nonzero_scalar(group, &r,
+                                  kDefaultAdditionalData)) {
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+      goto err;
+    }
+
+    // pretoken->r is rinv.
+    ec_scalar_inv0_montgomery(group, &pretoken->r, &r);
+    // Convert both out of Montgomery form.
+    ec_scalar_from_montgomery(group, &r, &r);
+    ec_scalar_from_montgomery(group, &pretoken->r, &pretoken->r);
+
+    // Tp is the blinded token in the VOPRF protocol.
+    EC_RAW_POINT P, Tp;
+    if (!method->hash_to_group(group, &P, pretoken->t) ||
+        !ec_point_mul_scalar(group, &Tp, &P, &r) ||
+        !ec_jacobian_to_affine(group, &pretoken->Tp, &Tp)) {
+      goto err;
+    }
+
+    if (!cbb_add_point(cbb, group, &pretoken->Tp)) {
+      goto err;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return pretokens;
+
+err:
+  sk_TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_pop_free(pretokens, TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_free);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static int hash_to_scalar_dleq(const VOPRF_METHOD *method, EC_SCALAR *out,
+                               const EC_AFFINE *X, const EC_AFFINE *T,
+                               const EC_AFFINE *W, const EC_AFFINE *K0,
+                               const EC_AFFINE *K1) {
+  static const uint8_t kDLEQLabel[] = "DLEQ";
+
+  int ok = 0;
+  CBB cbb;
+  CBB_zero(&cbb);
+  uint8_t *buf = NULL;
+  size_t len;
+  if (!CBB_init(&cbb, 0) ||
+      !CBB_add_bytes(&cbb, kDLEQLabel, sizeof(kDLEQLabel)) ||
+      !cbb_add_point(&cbb, method->group, X) ||
+      !cbb_add_point(&cbb, method->group, T) ||
+      !cbb_add_point(&cbb, method->group, W) ||
+      !cbb_add_point(&cbb, method->group, K0) ||
+      !cbb_add_point(&cbb, method->group, K1) ||
+      !CBB_finish(&cbb, &buf, &len) ||
+      !method->hash_to_scalar(method->group, out, buf, len)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  ok = 1;
+
+err:
+  CBB_cleanup(&cbb);
+  OPENSSL_free(buf);
+  return ok;
+}
+
+static int hash_to_scalar_batch(const VOPRF_METHOD *method, EC_SCALAR *out,
+                                const CBB *points, size_t index) {
+  static const uint8_t kDLEQBatchLabel[] = "DLEQ BATCH";
+  if (index > 0xffff) {
+    // The protocol supports only two-byte batches.
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_OVERFLOW);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  int ok = 0;
+  CBB cbb;
+  CBB_zero(&cbb);
+  uint8_t *buf = NULL;
+  size_t len;
+  if (!CBB_init(&cbb, 0) ||
+      !CBB_add_bytes(&cbb, kDLEQBatchLabel, sizeof(kDLEQBatchLabel)) ||
+      !CBB_add_bytes(&cbb, CBB_data(points), CBB_len(points)) ||
+      !CBB_add_u16(&cbb, (uint16_t)index) ||
+      !CBB_finish(&cbb, &buf, &len) ||
+      !method->hash_to_scalar(method->group, out, buf, len)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  ok = 1;
+
+err:
+  CBB_cleanup(&cbb);
+  OPENSSL_free(buf);
+  return ok;
+}
+
+static int dleq_generate(const VOPRF_METHOD *method, CBB *cbb,
+                         const TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_KEY *priv,
+                         const EC_RAW_POINT *T, const EC_RAW_POINT *W) {
+  const EC_GROUP *group = method->group;
+
+  enum {
+    idx_T,
+    idx_W,
+    idx_k0,
+    idx_k1,
+    num_idx,
+  };
+  EC_RAW_POINT jacobians[num_idx];
+
+  // Setup the DLEQ proof.
+  EC_SCALAR r;
+  if (// r <- Zp
+      !ec_random_nonzero_scalar(group, &r, kDefaultAdditionalData) ||
+      // k0;k1 = r*(G;T)
+      !ec_point_mul_scalar_base(group, &jacobians[idx_k0], &r) ||
+      !ec_point_mul_scalar(group, &jacobians[idx_k1], T, &r))  {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  EC_AFFINE affines[num_idx];
+  jacobians[idx_T] = *T;
+  jacobians[idx_W] = *W;
+  if (!ec_jacobian_to_affine_batch(group, affines, jacobians, num_idx)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Compute c = Hc(...).
+  EC_SCALAR c;
+  if (!hash_to_scalar_dleq(method, &c, &priv->pubs, &affines[idx_T],
+                           &affines[idx_W], &affines[idx_k0],
+                           &affines[idx_k1])) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+
+  EC_SCALAR c_mont;
+  ec_scalar_to_montgomery(group, &c_mont, &c);
+
+  // u = r + c*xs
+  EC_SCALAR u;
+  ec_scalar_mul_montgomery(group, &u, &priv->xs, &c_mont);
+  ec_scalar_add(group, &u, &r, &u);
+
+  // Store DLEQ proof in transcript.
+  if (!scalar_to_cbb(cbb, group, &c) ||
+      !scalar_to_cbb(cbb, group, &u)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int mul_public_2(const EC_GROUP *group, EC_RAW_POINT *out,
+                        const EC_RAW_POINT *p0, const EC_SCALAR *scalar0,
+                        const EC_RAW_POINT *p1, const EC_SCALAR *scalar1) {
+  EC_RAW_POINT points[2] = {*p0, *p1};
+  EC_SCALAR scalars[2] = {*scalar0, *scalar1};
+  return ec_point_mul_scalar_public_batch(group, out, /*g_scalar=*/NULL, points,
+                                          scalars, 2);
+}
+
+static int dleq_verify(const VOPRF_METHOD *method, CBS *cbs,
+                       const TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT_KEY *pub, const EC_RAW_POINT *T,
+                       const EC_RAW_POINT *W) {
+  const EC_GROUP *group = method->group;
+
+
+  enum {
+    idx_T,
+    idx_W,
+    idx_k0,
+    idx_k1,
+    num_idx,
+  };
+  EC_RAW_POINT jacobians[num_idx];
+
+  // Decode the DLEQ proof.
+  EC_SCALAR c, u;
+  if (!scalar_from_cbs(cbs, group, &c) ||
+      !scalar_from_cbs(cbs, group, &u)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_DECODE_FAILURE);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // k0;k1 = u*(G;T) - c*(pub;W)
+  EC_RAW_POINT pubs;
+  ec_affine_to_jacobian(group, &pubs, &pub->pubs);
+  EC_SCALAR minus_c;
+  ec_scalar_neg(group, &minus_c, &c);
+  if (!ec_point_mul_scalar_public(group, &jacobians[idx_k0], &u, &pubs,
+                                  &minus_c) ||
+      !mul_public_2(group, &jacobians[idx_k1], T, &u, W, &minus_c)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Check the DLEQ proof.
+  EC_AFFINE affines[num_idx];
+  jacobians[idx_T] = *T;
+  jacobians[idx_W] = *W;
+  if (!ec_jacobian_to_affine_batch(group, affines, jacobians, num_idx)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Compute c = Hc(...).
+  EC_SCALAR calculated;
+  if (!hash_to_scalar_dleq(method, &calculated, &pub->pubs, &affines[idx_T],
+                           &affines[idx_W], &affines[idx_k0],
+                           &affines[idx_k1])) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // c == calculated
+  if (!ec_scalar_equal_vartime(group, &c, &calculated)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_INVALID_PROOF);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int voprf_sign(const VOPRF_METHOD *method,
+                      const TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_KEY *key, CBB *cbb, CBS *cbs,
+                      size_t num_requested, size_t num_to_issue) {
+  const EC_GROUP *group = method->group;
+  if (num_requested < num_to_issue) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (num_to_issue > ((size_t)-1) / sizeof(EC_RAW_POINT) ||
+      num_to_issue > ((size_t)-1) / sizeof(EC_SCALAR)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_OVERFLOW);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  int ret = 0;
+  EC_RAW_POINT *BTs = OPENSSL_malloc(num_to_issue * sizeof(EC_RAW_POINT));
+  EC_RAW_POINT *Zs = OPENSSL_malloc(num_to_issue * sizeof(EC_RAW_POINT));
+  EC_SCALAR *es = OPENSSL_malloc(num_to_issue * sizeof(EC_SCALAR));
+  CBB batch_cbb;
+  CBB_zero(&batch_cbb);
+  if (!BTs ||
+      !Zs ||
+      !es ||
+      !CBB_init(&batch_cbb, 0) ||
+      !cbb_add_point(&batch_cbb, method->group, &key->pubs)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_to_issue; i++) {
+    EC_AFFINE BT_affine, Z_affine;
+    EC_RAW_POINT BT, Z;
+    if (!cbs_get_point(cbs, group, &BT_affine)) {
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_DECODE_FAILURE);
+      goto err;
+    }
+    ec_affine_to_jacobian(group, &BT, &BT_affine);
+    if (!ec_point_mul_scalar(group, &Z, &BT, &key->xs) ||
+        !ec_jacobian_to_affine(group, &Z_affine, &Z) ||
+        !cbb_add_point(cbb, group, &Z_affine)) {
+      goto err;
+    }
+
+    if (!cbb_add_point(&batch_cbb, group, &BT_affine) ||
+        !cbb_add_point(&batch_cbb, group, &Z_affine)) {
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+      goto err;
+    }
+    BTs[i] = BT;
+    Zs[i] = Z;
+
+    if (!CBB_flush(cbb)) {
+      goto err;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // The DLEQ batching construction is described in appendix B of
+  // https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/072/20200324:214215. Note the additional
+  // computations all act on public inputs.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_to_issue; i++) {
+    if (!hash_to_scalar_batch(method, &es[i], &batch_cbb, i)) {
+      goto err;
+    }
+  }
+
+  EC_RAW_POINT BT_batch, Z_batch;
+  if (!ec_point_mul_scalar_public_batch(group, &BT_batch,
+                                        /*g_scalar=*/NULL, BTs, es,
+                                        num_to_issue) ||
+      !ec_point_mul_scalar_public_batch(group, &Z_batch,
+                                        /*g_scalar=*/NULL, Zs, es,
+                                        num_to_issue)) {
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  CBB proof;
+  if (!CBB_add_u16_length_prefixed(cbb, &proof) ||
+      !dleq_generate(method, &proof, key, &BT_batch, &Z_batch) ||
+      !CBB_flush(cbb)) {
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  // Skip over any unused requests.
+  size_t point_len = 1 + 2 * BN_num_bytes(&group->field);
+  if (!CBS_skip(cbs, point_len * (num_requested - num_to_issue))) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_DECODE_FAILURE);
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  ret = 1;
+
+err:
+  OPENSSL_free(BTs);
+  OPENSSL_free(Zs);
+  OPENSSL_free(es);
+  CBB_cleanup(&batch_cbb);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static STACK_OF(TRUST_TOKEN) *
+    voprf_unblind(const VOPRF_METHOD *method, const TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT_KEY *key,
+                  const STACK_OF(TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN) * pretokens, CBS *cbs,
+                  size_t count, uint32_t key_id) {
+  const EC_GROUP *group = method->group;
+  if (count > sk_TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_num(pretokens)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_DECODE_FAILURE);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  int ok = 0;
+  STACK_OF(TRUST_TOKEN) *ret = sk_TRUST_TOKEN_new_null();
+  if (ret == NULL) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (count > ((size_t)-1) / sizeof(EC_RAW_POINT) ||
+      count > ((size_t)-1) / sizeof(EC_SCALAR)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_OVERFLOW);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  EC_RAW_POINT *BTs = OPENSSL_malloc(count * sizeof(EC_RAW_POINT));
+  EC_RAW_POINT *Zs = OPENSSL_malloc(count * sizeof(EC_RAW_POINT));
+  EC_SCALAR *es = OPENSSL_malloc(count * sizeof(EC_SCALAR));
+  CBB batch_cbb;
+  CBB_zero(&batch_cbb);
+  if (!BTs ||
+      !Zs ||
+      !es ||
+      !CBB_init(&batch_cbb, 0) ||
+      !cbb_add_point(&batch_cbb, method->group, &key->pubs)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    const TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN *pretoken =
+        sk_TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN_value(pretokens, i);
+
+    EC_AFFINE Z_affine;
+    if (!cbs_get_point(cbs, group, &Z_affine)) {
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_DECODE_FAILURE);
+      goto err;
+    }
+
+    ec_affine_to_jacobian(group, &BTs[i], &pretoken->Tp);
+    ec_affine_to_jacobian(group, &Zs[i], &Z_affine);
+
+    if (!cbb_add_point(&batch_cbb, group, &pretoken->Tp) ||
+        !cbb_add_point(&batch_cbb, group, &Z_affine)) {
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+      goto err;
+    }
+
+    // Unblind the token.
+    // pretoken->r is rinv.
+    EC_RAW_POINT N;
+    EC_AFFINE N_affine;
+    if (!ec_point_mul_scalar(group, &N, &Zs[i], &pretoken->r) ||
+        !ec_jacobian_to_affine(group, &N_affine, &N)) {
+      goto err;
+    }
+
+    // Serialize the token. Include |key_id| to avoid an extra copy in the layer
+    // above.
+    CBB token_cbb;
+    size_t point_len = 1 + 2 * BN_num_bytes(&group->field);
+    if (!CBB_init(&token_cbb, 4 + TRUST_TOKEN_NONCE_SIZE + (2 + point_len)) ||
+        !CBB_add_u32(&token_cbb, key_id) ||
+        !CBB_add_bytes(&token_cbb, pretoken->t, TRUST_TOKEN_NONCE_SIZE) ||
+        !cbb_add_point(&token_cbb, group, &N_affine) ||
+        !CBB_flush(&token_cbb)) {
+      CBB_cleanup(&token_cbb);
+      goto err;
+    }
+
+    TRUST_TOKEN *token =
+        TRUST_TOKEN_new(CBB_data(&token_cbb), CBB_len(&token_cbb));
+    CBB_cleanup(&token_cbb);
+    if (token == NULL ||
+        !sk_TRUST_TOKEN_push(ret, token)) {
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
+      TRUST_TOKEN_free(token);
+      goto err;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // The DLEQ batching construction is described in appendix B of
+  // https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/072/20200324:214215. Note the additional
+  // computations all act on public inputs.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    if (!hash_to_scalar_batch(method, &es[i], &batch_cbb, i)) {
+      goto err;
+    }
+  }
+
+  EC_RAW_POINT BT_batch, Z_batch;
+  if (!ec_point_mul_scalar_public_batch(group, &BT_batch,
+                                        /*g_scalar=*/NULL, BTs, es, count) ||
+      !ec_point_mul_scalar_public_batch(group, &Z_batch,
+                                        /*g_scalar=*/NULL, Zs, es, count)) {
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  CBS proof;
+  if (!CBS_get_u16_length_prefixed(cbs, &proof) ||
+      !dleq_verify(method, &proof, key, &BT_batch, &Z_batch) ||
+      CBS_len(&proof) != 0) {
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  ok = 1;
+
+err:
+  OPENSSL_free(BTs);
+  OPENSSL_free(Zs);
+  OPENSSL_free(es);
+  CBB_cleanup(&batch_cbb);
+  if (!ok) {
+    sk_TRUST_TOKEN_pop_free(ret, TRUST_TOKEN_free);
+    ret = NULL;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static int voprf_read(const VOPRF_METHOD *method,
+                      const TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_KEY *key,
+                      uint8_t out_nonce[TRUST_TOKEN_NONCE_SIZE],
+                      const uint8_t *token, size_t token_len) {
+  const EC_GROUP *group = method->group;
+  CBS cbs;
+  CBS_init(&cbs, token, token_len);
+  EC_AFFINE Ws;
+  if (!CBS_copy_bytes(&cbs, out_nonce, TRUST_TOKEN_NONCE_SIZE) ||
+      !cbs_get_point(&cbs, group, &Ws) ||
+      CBS_len(&cbs) != 0) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_INVALID_TOKEN);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+
+  EC_RAW_POINT T;
+  if (!method->hash_to_group(group, &T, out_nonce)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  EC_RAW_POINT Ws_calculated;
+  if (!ec_point_mul_scalar(group, &Ws_calculated, &T, &key->xs) ||
+      !ec_affine_jacobian_equal(group, &Ws, &Ws_calculated)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, TRUST_TOKEN_R_BAD_VALIDITY_CHECK);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+// VOPRF experiment v2.
+
+static int voprf_exp2_hash_to_group(const EC_GROUP *group, EC_RAW_POINT *out,
+                                    const uint8_t t[TRUST_TOKEN_NONCE_SIZE]) {
+  const uint8_t kHashTLabel[] = "TrustToken VOPRF Experiment V2 HashToGroup";
+  return ec_hash_to_curve_p384_xmd_sha512_sswu_draft07(
+      group, out, kHashTLabel, sizeof(kHashTLabel), t, TRUST_TOKEN_NONCE_SIZE);
+}
+
+static int voprf_exp2_hash_to_scalar(const EC_GROUP *group, EC_SCALAR *out,
+                             uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
+  const uint8_t kHashCLabel[] = "TrustToken VOPRF Experiment V2 HashToScalar";
+  return ec_hash_to_scalar_p384_xmd_sha512_draft07(
+      group, out, kHashCLabel, sizeof(kHashCLabel), buf, len);
+}
+
+static int voprf_exp2_ok = 0;
+static VOPRF_METHOD voprf_exp2_method;
+static CRYPTO_once_t voprf_exp2_method_once = CRYPTO_ONCE_INIT;
+
+static void voprf_exp2_init_method_impl(void) {
+  voprf_exp2_ok =
+      voprf_init_method(&voprf_exp2_method, NID_secp384r1,
+                        voprf_exp2_hash_to_group, voprf_exp2_hash_to_scalar);
+}
+
+static int voprf_exp2_init_method(void) {
+  CRYPTO_once(&voprf_exp2_method_once, voprf_exp2_init_method_impl);
+  if (!voprf_exp2_ok) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(TRUST_TOKEN, ERR_R_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+int voprf_exp2_generate_key(CBB *out_private, CBB *out_public) {
+  if (!voprf_exp2_init_method()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return voprf_generate_key(&voprf_exp2_method, out_private, out_public);
+}
+
+int voprf_exp2_client_key_from_bytes(TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT_KEY *key,
+                                     const uint8_t *in, size_t len) {
+  if (!voprf_exp2_init_method()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return voprf_client_key_from_bytes(&voprf_exp2_method, key, in, len);
+}
+
+int voprf_exp2_issuer_key_from_bytes(TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_KEY *key,
+                                     const uint8_t *in, size_t len) {
+  if (!voprf_exp2_init_method()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return voprf_issuer_key_from_bytes(&voprf_exp2_method, key, in, len);
+}
+
+STACK_OF(TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN) * voprf_exp2_blind(CBB *cbb, size_t count) {
+  if (!voprf_exp2_init_method()) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return voprf_blind(&voprf_exp2_method, cbb, count);
+}
+
+int voprf_exp2_sign(const TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_KEY *key, CBB *cbb, CBS *cbs,
+                    size_t num_requested, size_t num_to_issue,
+                    uint8_t private_metadata) {
+  if (!voprf_exp2_init_method() || private_metadata != 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return voprf_sign(&voprf_exp2_method, key, cbb, cbs, num_requested,
+                    num_to_issue);
+}
+
+STACK_OF(TRUST_TOKEN) *
+    voprf_exp2_unblind(const TRUST_TOKEN_CLIENT_KEY *key,
+                       const STACK_OF(TRUST_TOKEN_PRETOKEN) * pretokens,
+                       CBS *cbs, size_t count, uint32_t key_id) {
+  if (!voprf_exp2_init_method()) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return voprf_unblind(&voprf_exp2_method, key, pretokens, cbs, count,
+                          key_id);
+}
+
+int voprf_exp2_read(const TRUST_TOKEN_ISSUER_KEY *key,
+                    uint8_t out_nonce[TRUST_TOKEN_NONCE_SIZE],
+                    uint8_t *out_private_metadata, const uint8_t *token,
+                    size_t token_len) {
+  if (!voprf_exp2_init_method()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return voprf_read(&voprf_exp2_method, key, out_nonce, token, token_len);
+}