grpc 1.31.0.pre1 → 1.31.0.pre2

data/third_party/re2/re2/set.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#include "re2/set.h"
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "util/util.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "re2/pod_array.h"
+#include "re2/prog.h"
+#include "re2/re2.h"
+#include "re2/regexp.h"
+#include "re2/stringpiece.h"
+
+namespace re2 {
+
+RE2::Set::Set(const RE2::Options& options, RE2::Anchor anchor) {
+  options_.Copy(options);
+  options_.set_never_capture(true);  // might unblock some optimisations
+  anchor_ = anchor;
+  prog_ = NULL;
+  compiled_ = false;
+  size_ = 0;
+}
+
+RE2::Set::~Set() {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < elem_.size(); i++)
+    elem_[i].second->Decref();
+  delete prog_;
+}
+
+int RE2::Set::Add(const StringPiece& pattern, std::string* error) {
+  if (compiled_) {
+    LOG(DFATAL) << "RE2::Set::Add() called after compiling";
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  Regexp::ParseFlags pf = static_cast<Regexp::ParseFlags>(
+    options_.ParseFlags());
+  RegexpStatus status;
+  re2::Regexp* re = Regexp::Parse(pattern, pf, &status);
+  if (re == NULL) {
+    if (error != NULL)
+      *error = status.Text();
+    if (options_.log_errors())
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Error parsing '" << pattern << "': " << status.Text();
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  // Concatenate with match index and push on vector.
+  int n = static_cast<int>(elem_.size());
+  re2::Regexp* m = re2::Regexp::HaveMatch(n, pf);
+  if (re->op() == kRegexpConcat) {
+    int nsub = re->nsub();
+    PODArray<re2::Regexp*> sub(nsub + 1);
+    for (int i = 0; i < nsub; i++)
+      sub[i] = re->sub()[i]->Incref();
+    sub[nsub] = m;
+    re->Decref();
+    re = re2::Regexp::Concat(sub.data(), nsub + 1, pf);
+  } else {
+    re2::Regexp* sub[2];
+    sub[0] = re;
+    sub[1] = m;
+    re = re2::Regexp::Concat(sub, 2, pf);
+  }
+  elem_.emplace_back(std::string(pattern), re);
+  return n;
+}
+
+bool RE2::Set::Compile() {
+  if (compiled_) {
+    LOG(DFATAL) << "RE2::Set::Compile() called more than once";
+    return false;
+  }
+  compiled_ = true;
+  size_ = static_cast<int>(elem_.size());
+
+  // Sort the elements by their patterns. This is good enough for now
+  // until we have a Regexp comparison function. (Maybe someday...)
+  std::sort(elem_.begin(), elem_.end(),
+            [](const Elem& a, const Elem& b) -> bool {
+              return a.first < b.first;
+            });
+
+  PODArray<re2::Regexp*> sub(size_);
+  for (int i = 0; i < size_; i++)
+    sub[i] = elem_[i].second;
+  elem_.clear();
+  elem_.shrink_to_fit();
+
+  Regexp::ParseFlags pf = static_cast<Regexp::ParseFlags>(
+    options_.ParseFlags());
+  re2::Regexp* re = re2::Regexp::Alternate(sub.data(), size_, pf);
+
+  prog_ = Prog::CompileSet(re, anchor_, options_.max_mem());
+  re->Decref();
+  return prog_ != NULL;
+}
+
+bool RE2::Set::Match(const StringPiece& text, std::vector<int>* v) const {
+  return Match(text, v, NULL);
+}
+
+bool RE2::Set::Match(const StringPiece& text, std::vector<int>* v,
+                     ErrorInfo* error_info) const {
+  if (!compiled_) {
+    LOG(DFATAL) << "RE2::Set::Match() called before compiling";
+    if (error_info != NULL)
+      error_info->kind = kNotCompiled;
+    return false;
+  }
+  bool dfa_failed = false;
+  std::unique_ptr<SparseSet> matches;
+  if (v != NULL) {
+    matches.reset(new SparseSet(size_));
+    v->clear();
+  }
+  bool ret = prog_->SearchDFA(text, text, Prog::kAnchored, Prog::kManyMatch,
+                              NULL, &dfa_failed, matches.get());
+  if (dfa_failed) {
+    if (options_.log_errors())
+      LOG(ERROR) << "DFA out of memory: "
+                 << "program size " << prog_->size() << ", "
+                 << "list count " << prog_->list_count() << ", "
+                 << "bytemap range " << prog_->bytemap_range();
+    if (error_info != NULL)
+      error_info->kind = kOutOfMemory;
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (ret == false) {
+    if (error_info != NULL)
+      error_info->kind = kNoError;
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (v != NULL) {
+    if (matches->empty()) {
+      LOG(DFATAL) << "RE2::Set::Match() matched, but no matches returned?!";
+      if (error_info != NULL)
+        error_info->kind = kInconsistent;
+      return false;
+    }
+    v->assign(matches->begin(), matches->end());
+  }
+  if (error_info != NULL)
+    error_info->kind = kNoError;
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace re2

data/third_party/re2/re2/set.h

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#ifndef RE2_SET_H_
+#define RE2_SET_H_
+
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "re2/re2.h"
+
+namespace re2 {
+class Prog;
+class Regexp;
+}  // namespace re2
+
+namespace re2 {
+
+// An RE2::Set represents a collection of regexps that can
+// be searched for simultaneously.
+class RE2::Set {
+ public:
+  enum ErrorKind {
+    kNoError = 0,
+    kNotCompiled,   // The set is not compiled.
+    kOutOfMemory,   // The DFA ran out of memory.
+    kInconsistent,  // The result is inconsistent. This should never happen.
+  };
+
+  struct ErrorInfo {
+    ErrorKind kind;
+  };
+
+  Set(const RE2::Options& options, RE2::Anchor anchor);
+  ~Set();
+
+  // Adds pattern to the set using the options passed to the constructor.
+  // Returns the index that will identify the regexp in the output of Match(),
+  // or -1 if the regexp cannot be parsed.
+  // Indices are assigned in sequential order starting from 0.
+  // Errors do not increment the index; if error is not NULL, *error will hold
+  // the error message from the parser.
+  int Add(const StringPiece& pattern, std::string* error);
+
+  // Compiles the set in preparation for matching.
+  // Returns false if the compiler runs out of memory.
+  // Add() must not be called again after Compile().
+  // Compile() must be called before Match().
+  bool Compile();
+
+  // Returns true if text matches at least one of the regexps in the set.
+  // Fills v (if not NULL) with the indices of the matching regexps.
+  // Callers must not expect v to be sorted.
+  bool Match(const StringPiece& text, std::vector<int>* v) const;
+
+  // As above, but populates error_info (if not NULL) when none of the regexps
+  // in the set matched. This can inform callers when DFA execution fails, for
+  // example, because they might wish to handle that case differently.
+  bool Match(const StringPiece& text, std::vector<int>* v,
+             ErrorInfo* error_info) const;
+
+ private:
+  typedef std::pair<std::string, re2::Regexp*> Elem;
+
+  RE2::Options options_;
+  RE2::Anchor anchor_;
+  std::vector<Elem> elem_;
+  re2::Prog* prog_;
+  bool compiled_;
+  int size_;
+
+  Set(const Set&) = delete;
+  Set& operator=(const Set&) = delete;
+};
+
+}  // namespace re2
+
+#endif  // RE2_SET_H_

data/third_party/re2/re2/simplify.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,657 @@
+// Copyright 2006 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Rewrite POSIX and other features in re
+// to use simple extended regular expression features.
+// Also sort and simplify character classes.
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "util/util.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utf.h"
+#include "re2/pod_array.h"
+#include "re2/regexp.h"
+#include "re2/walker-inl.h"
+
+namespace re2 {
+
+// Parses the regexp src and then simplifies it and sets *dst to the
+// string representation of the simplified form.  Returns true on success.
+// Returns false and sets *error (if error != NULL) on error.
+bool Regexp::SimplifyRegexp(const StringPiece& src, ParseFlags flags,
+                            std::string* dst, RegexpStatus* status) {
+  Regexp* re = Parse(src, flags, status);
+  if (re == NULL)
+    return false;
+  Regexp* sre = re->Simplify();
+  re->Decref();
+  if (sre == NULL) {
+    // Should not happen, since Simplify never fails.
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Simplify failed on " << src;
+    if (status) {
+      status->set_code(kRegexpInternalError);
+      status->set_error_arg(src);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  *dst = sre->ToString();
+  sre->Decref();
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Assuming the simple_ flags on the children are accurate,
+// is this Regexp* simple?
+bool Regexp::ComputeSimple() {
+  Regexp** subs;
+  switch (op_) {
+    case kRegexpNoMatch:
+    case kRegexpEmptyMatch:
+    case kRegexpLiteral:
+    case kRegexpLiteralString:
+    case kRegexpBeginLine:
+    case kRegexpEndLine:
+    case kRegexpBeginText:
+    case kRegexpWordBoundary:
+    case kRegexpNoWordBoundary:
+    case kRegexpEndText:
+    case kRegexpAnyChar:
+    case kRegexpAnyByte:
+    case kRegexpHaveMatch:
+      return true;
+    case kRegexpConcat:
+    case kRegexpAlternate:
+      // These are simple as long as the subpieces are simple.
+      subs = sub();
+      for (int i = 0; i < nsub_; i++)
+        if (!subs[i]->simple())
+          return false;
+      return true;
+    case kRegexpCharClass:
+      // Simple as long as the char class is not empty, not full.
+      if (ccb_ != NULL)
+        return !ccb_->empty() && !ccb_->full();
+      return !cc_->empty() && !cc_->full();
+    case kRegexpCapture:
+      subs = sub();
+      return subs[0]->simple();
+    case kRegexpStar:
+    case kRegexpPlus:
+    case kRegexpQuest:
+      subs = sub();
+      if (!subs[0]->simple())
+        return false;
+      switch (subs[0]->op_) {
+        case kRegexpStar:
+        case kRegexpPlus:
+        case kRegexpQuest:
+        case kRegexpEmptyMatch:
+        case kRegexpNoMatch:
+          return false;
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+      return true;
+    case kRegexpRepeat:
+      return false;
+  }
+  LOG(DFATAL) << "Case not handled in ComputeSimple: " << op_;
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Walker subclass used by Simplify.
+// Coalesces runs of star/plus/quest/repeat of the same literal along with any
+// occurrences of that literal into repeats of that literal. It also works for
+// char classes, any char and any byte.
+// PostVisit creates the coalesced result, which should then be simplified.
+class CoalesceWalker : public Regexp::Walker<Regexp*> {
+ public:
+  CoalesceWalker() {}
+  virtual Regexp* PostVisit(Regexp* re, Regexp* parent_arg, Regexp* pre_arg,
+                            Regexp** child_args, int nchild_args);
+  virtual Regexp* Copy(Regexp* re);
+  virtual Regexp* ShortVisit(Regexp* re, Regexp* parent_arg);
+
+ private:
+  // These functions are declared inside CoalesceWalker so that
+  // they can edit the private fields of the Regexps they construct.
+
+  // Returns true if r1 and r2 can be coalesced. In particular, ensures that
+  // the parse flags are consistent. (They will not be checked again later.)
+  static bool CanCoalesce(Regexp* r1, Regexp* r2);
+
+  // Coalesces *r1ptr and *r2ptr. In most cases, the array elements afterwards
+  // will be empty match and the coalesced op. In other cases, where part of a
+  // literal string was removed to be coalesced, the array elements afterwards
+  // will be the coalesced op and the remainder of the literal string.
+  static void DoCoalesce(Regexp** r1ptr, Regexp** r2ptr);
+
+  CoalesceWalker(const CoalesceWalker&) = delete;
+  CoalesceWalker& operator=(const CoalesceWalker&) = delete;
+};
+
+// Walker subclass used by Simplify.
+// The simplify walk is purely post-recursive: given the simplified children,
+// PostVisit creates the simplified result.
+// The child_args are simplified Regexp*s.
+class SimplifyWalker : public Regexp::Walker<Regexp*> {
+ public:
+  SimplifyWalker() {}
+  virtual Regexp* PreVisit(Regexp* re, Regexp* parent_arg, bool* stop);
+  virtual Regexp* PostVisit(Regexp* re, Regexp* parent_arg, Regexp* pre_arg,
+                            Regexp** child_args, int nchild_args);
+  virtual Regexp* Copy(Regexp* re);
+  virtual Regexp* ShortVisit(Regexp* re, Regexp* parent_arg);
+
+ private:
+  // These functions are declared inside SimplifyWalker so that
+  // they can edit the private fields of the Regexps they construct.
+
+  // Creates a concatenation of two Regexp, consuming refs to re1 and re2.
+  // Caller must Decref return value when done with it.
+  static Regexp* Concat2(Regexp* re1, Regexp* re2, Regexp::ParseFlags flags);
+
+  // Simplifies the expression re{min,max} in terms of *, +, and ?.
+  // Returns a new regexp.  Does not edit re.  Does not consume reference to re.
+  // Caller must Decref return value when done with it.
+  static Regexp* SimplifyRepeat(Regexp* re, int min, int max,
+                                Regexp::ParseFlags parse_flags);
+
+  // Simplifies a character class by expanding any named classes
+  // into rune ranges.  Does not edit re.  Does not consume ref to re.
+  // Caller must Decref return value when done with it.
+  static Regexp* SimplifyCharClass(Regexp* re);
+
+  SimplifyWalker(const SimplifyWalker&) = delete;
+  SimplifyWalker& operator=(const SimplifyWalker&) = delete;
+};
+
+// Simplifies a regular expression, returning a new regexp.
+// The new regexp uses traditional Unix egrep features only,
+// plus the Perl (?:) non-capturing parentheses.
+// Otherwise, no POSIX or Perl additions.  The new regexp
+// captures exactly the same subexpressions (with the same indices)
+// as the original.
+// Does not edit current object.
+// Caller must Decref() return value when done with it.
+
+Regexp* Regexp::Simplify() {
+  CoalesceWalker cw;
+  Regexp* cre = cw.Walk(this, NULL);
+  if (cre == NULL)
+    return cre;
+  SimplifyWalker sw;
+  Regexp* sre = sw.Walk(cre, NULL);
+  cre->Decref();
+  return sre;
+}
+
+#define Simplify DontCallSimplify  // Avoid accidental recursion
+
+// Utility function for PostVisit implementations that compares re->sub() with
+// child_args to determine whether any child_args changed. In the common case,
+// where nothing changed, calls Decref() for all child_args and returns false,
+// so PostVisit must return re->Incref(). Otherwise, returns true.
+static bool ChildArgsChanged(Regexp* re, Regexp** child_args) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < re->nsub(); i++) {
+    Regexp* sub = re->sub()[i];
+    Regexp* newsub = child_args[i];
+    if (newsub != sub)
+      return true;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < re->nsub(); i++) {
+    Regexp* newsub = child_args[i];
+    newsub->Decref();
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+Regexp* CoalesceWalker::Copy(Regexp* re) {
+  return re->Incref();
+}
+
+Regexp* CoalesceWalker::ShortVisit(Regexp* re, Regexp* parent_arg) {
+  // Should never be called: we use Walk(), not WalkExponential().
+#ifndef FUZZING_BUILD_MODE_UNSAFE_FOR_PRODUCTION
+  LOG(DFATAL) << "CoalesceWalker::ShortVisit called";
+#endif
+  return re->Incref();
+}
+
+Regexp* CoalesceWalker::PostVisit(Regexp* re,
+                                  Regexp* parent_arg,
+                                  Regexp* pre_arg,
+                                  Regexp** child_args,
+                                  int nchild_args) {
+  if (re->nsub() == 0)
+    return re->Incref();
+
+  if (re->op() != kRegexpConcat) {
+    if (!ChildArgsChanged(re, child_args))
+      return re->Incref();
+
+    // Something changed. Build a new op.
+    Regexp* nre = new Regexp(re->op(), re->parse_flags());
+    nre->AllocSub(re->nsub());
+    Regexp** nre_subs = nre->sub();
+    for (int i = 0; i < re->nsub(); i++)
+      nre_subs[i] = child_args[i];
+    // Repeats and Captures have additional data that must be copied.
+    if (re->op() == kRegexpRepeat) {
+      nre->min_ = re->min();
+      nre->max_ = re->max();
+    } else if (re->op() == kRegexpCapture) {
+      nre->cap_ = re->cap();
+    }
+    return nre;
+  }
+
+  bool can_coalesce = false;
+  for (int i = 0; i < re->nsub(); i++) {
+    if (i+1 < re->nsub() &&
+        CanCoalesce(child_args[i], child_args[i+1])) {
+      can_coalesce = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!can_coalesce) {
+    if (!ChildArgsChanged(re, child_args))
+      return re->Incref();
+
+    // Something changed. Build a new op.
+    Regexp* nre = new Regexp(re->op(), re->parse_flags());
+    nre->AllocSub(re->nsub());
+    Regexp** nre_subs = nre->sub();
+    for (int i = 0; i < re->nsub(); i++)
+      nre_subs[i] = child_args[i];
+    return nre;
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < re->nsub(); i++) {
+    if (i+1 < re->nsub() &&
+        CanCoalesce(child_args[i], child_args[i+1]))
+      DoCoalesce(&child_args[i], &child_args[i+1]);
+  }
+  // Determine how many empty matches were left by DoCoalesce.
+  int n = 0;
+  for (int i = n; i < re->nsub(); i++) {
+    if (child_args[i]->op() == kRegexpEmptyMatch)
+      n++;
+  }
+  // Build a new op.
+  Regexp* nre = new Regexp(re->op(), re->parse_flags());
+  nre->AllocSub(re->nsub() - n);
+  Regexp** nre_subs = nre->sub();
+  for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < re->nsub(); i++) {
+    if (child_args[i]->op() == kRegexpEmptyMatch) {
+      child_args[i]->Decref();
+      continue;
+    }
+    nre_subs[j] = child_args[i];
+    j++;
+  }
+  return nre;
+}
+
+bool CoalesceWalker::CanCoalesce(Regexp* r1, Regexp* r2) {
+  // r1 must be a star/plus/quest/repeat of a literal, char class, any char or
+  // any byte.
+  if ((r1->op() == kRegexpStar ||
+       r1->op() == kRegexpPlus ||
+       r1->op() == kRegexpQuest ||
+       r1->op() == kRegexpRepeat) &&
+      (r1->sub()[0]->op() == kRegexpLiteral ||
+       r1->sub()[0]->op() == kRegexpCharClass ||
+       r1->sub()[0]->op() == kRegexpAnyChar ||
+       r1->sub()[0]->op() == kRegexpAnyByte)) {
+    // r2 must be a star/plus/quest/repeat of the same literal, char class,
+    // any char or any byte.
+    if ((r2->op() == kRegexpStar ||
+         r2->op() == kRegexpPlus ||
+         r2->op() == kRegexpQuest ||
+         r2->op() == kRegexpRepeat) &&
+        Regexp::Equal(r1->sub()[0], r2->sub()[0]) &&
+        // The parse flags must be consistent.
+        ((r1->parse_flags() & Regexp::NonGreedy) ==
+         (r2->parse_flags() & Regexp::NonGreedy))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    // ... OR an occurrence of that literal, char class, any char or any byte
+    if (Regexp::Equal(r1->sub()[0], r2)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    // ... OR a literal string that begins with that literal.
+    if (r1->sub()[0]->op() == kRegexpLiteral &&
+        r2->op() == kRegexpLiteralString &&
+        r2->runes()[0] == r1->sub()[0]->rune() &&
+        // The parse flags must be consistent.
+        ((r1->sub()[0]->parse_flags() & Regexp::FoldCase) ==
+         (r2->parse_flags() & Regexp::FoldCase))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+void CoalesceWalker::DoCoalesce(Regexp** r1ptr, Regexp** r2ptr) {
+  Regexp* r1 = *r1ptr;
+  Regexp* r2 = *r2ptr;
+
+  Regexp* nre = Regexp::Repeat(
+      r1->sub()[0]->Incref(), r1->parse_flags(), 0, 0);
+
+  switch (r1->op()) {
+    case kRegexpStar:
+      nre->min_ = 0;
+      nre->max_ = -1;
+      break;
+
+    case kRegexpPlus:
+      nre->min_ = 1;
+      nre->max_ = -1;
+      break;
+
+    case kRegexpQuest:
+      nre->min_ = 0;
+      nre->max_ = 1;
+      break;
+
+    case kRegexpRepeat:
+      nre->min_ = r1->min();
+      nre->max_ = r1->max();
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      LOG(DFATAL) << "DoCoalesce failed: r1->op() is " << r1->op();
+      nre->Decref();
+      return;
+  }
+
+  switch (r2->op()) {
+    case kRegexpStar:
+      nre->max_ = -1;
+      goto LeaveEmpty;
+
+    case kRegexpPlus:
+      nre->min_++;
+      nre->max_ = -1;
+      goto LeaveEmpty;
+
+    case kRegexpQuest:
+      if (nre->max() != -1)
+        nre->max_++;
+      goto LeaveEmpty;
+
+    case kRegexpRepeat:
+      nre->min_ += r2->min();
+      if (r2->max() == -1)
+        nre->max_ = -1;
+      else if (nre->max() != -1)
+        nre->max_ += r2->max();
+      goto LeaveEmpty;
+
+    case kRegexpLiteral:
+    case kRegexpCharClass:
+    case kRegexpAnyChar:
+    case kRegexpAnyByte:
+      nre->min_++;
+      if (nre->max() != -1)
+        nre->max_++;
+      goto LeaveEmpty;
+
+    LeaveEmpty:
+      *r1ptr = new Regexp(kRegexpEmptyMatch, Regexp::NoParseFlags);
+      *r2ptr = nre;
+      break;
+
+    case kRegexpLiteralString: {
+      Rune r = r1->sub()[0]->rune();
+      // Determine how much of the literal string is removed.
+      // We know that we have at least one rune. :)
+      int n = 1;
+      while (n < r2->nrunes() && r2->runes()[n] == r)
+        n++;
+      nre->min_ += n;
+      if (nre->max() != -1)
+        nre->max_ += n;
+      if (n == r2->nrunes())
+        goto LeaveEmpty;
+      *r1ptr = nre;
+      *r2ptr = Regexp::LiteralString(
+          &r2->runes()[n], r2->nrunes() - n, r2->parse_flags());
+      break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+      LOG(DFATAL) << "DoCoalesce failed: r2->op() is " << r2->op();
+      nre->Decref();
+      return;
+  }
+
+  r1->Decref();
+  r2->Decref();
+}
+
+Regexp* SimplifyWalker::Copy(Regexp* re) {
+  return re->Incref();
+}
+
+Regexp* SimplifyWalker::ShortVisit(Regexp* re, Regexp* parent_arg) {
+  // Should never be called: we use Walk(), not WalkExponential().
+#ifndef FUZZING_BUILD_MODE_UNSAFE_FOR_PRODUCTION
+  LOG(DFATAL) << "SimplifyWalker::ShortVisit called";
+#endif
+  return re->Incref();
+}
+
+Regexp* SimplifyWalker::PreVisit(Regexp* re, Regexp* parent_arg, bool* stop) {
+  if (re->simple()) {
+    *stop = true;
+    return re->Incref();
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+Regexp* SimplifyWalker::PostVisit(Regexp* re,
+                                  Regexp* parent_arg,
+                                  Regexp* pre_arg,
+                                  Regexp** child_args,
+                                  int nchild_args) {
+  switch (re->op()) {
+    case kRegexpNoMatch:
+    case kRegexpEmptyMatch:
+    case kRegexpLiteral:
+    case kRegexpLiteralString:
+    case kRegexpBeginLine:
+    case kRegexpEndLine:
+    case kRegexpBeginText:
+    case kRegexpWordBoundary:
+    case kRegexpNoWordBoundary:
+    case kRegexpEndText:
+    case kRegexpAnyChar:
+    case kRegexpAnyByte:
+    case kRegexpHaveMatch:
+      // All these are always simple.
+      re->simple_ = true;
+      return re->Incref();
+
+    case kRegexpConcat:
+    case kRegexpAlternate: {
+      // These are simple as long as the subpieces are simple.
+      if (!ChildArgsChanged(re, child_args)) {
+        re->simple_ = true;
+        return re->Incref();
+      }
+      Regexp* nre = new Regexp(re->op(), re->parse_flags());
+      nre->AllocSub(re->nsub());
+      Regexp** nre_subs = nre->sub();
+      for (int i = 0; i < re->nsub(); i++)
+        nre_subs[i] = child_args[i];
+      nre->simple_ = true;
+      return nre;
+    }
+
+    case kRegexpCapture: {
+      Regexp* newsub = child_args[0];
+      if (newsub == re->sub()[0]) {
+        newsub->Decref();
+        re->simple_ = true;
+        return re->Incref();
+      }
+      Regexp* nre = new Regexp(kRegexpCapture, re->parse_flags());
+      nre->AllocSub(1);
+      nre->sub()[0] = newsub;
+      nre->cap_ = re->cap();
+      nre->simple_ = true;
+      return nre;
+    }
+
+    case kRegexpStar:
+    case kRegexpPlus:
+    case kRegexpQuest: {
+      Regexp* newsub = child_args[0];
+      // Special case: repeat the empty string as much as
+      // you want, but it's still the empty string.
+      if (newsub->op() == kRegexpEmptyMatch)
+        return newsub;
+
+      // These are simple as long as the subpiece is simple.
+      if (newsub == re->sub()[0]) {
+        newsub->Decref();
+        re->simple_ = true;
+        return re->Incref();
+      }
+
+      // These are also idempotent if flags are constant.
+      if (re->op() == newsub->op() &&
+          re->parse_flags() == newsub->parse_flags())
+        return newsub;
+
+      Regexp* nre = new Regexp(re->op(), re->parse_flags());
+      nre->AllocSub(1);
+      nre->sub()[0] = newsub;
+      nre->simple_ = true;
+      return nre;
+    }
+
+    case kRegexpRepeat: {
+      Regexp* newsub = child_args[0];
+      // Special case: repeat the empty string as much as
+      // you want, but it's still the empty string.
+      if (newsub->op() == kRegexpEmptyMatch)
+        return newsub;
+
+      Regexp* nre = SimplifyRepeat(newsub, re->min_, re->max_,
+                                   re->parse_flags());
+      newsub->Decref();
+      nre->simple_ = true;
+      return nre;
+    }
+
+    case kRegexpCharClass: {
+      Regexp* nre = SimplifyCharClass(re);
+      nre->simple_ = true;
+      return nre;
+    }
+  }
+
+  LOG(ERROR) << "Simplify case not handled: " << re->op();
+  return re->Incref();
+}
+
+// Creates a concatenation of two Regexp, consuming refs to re1 and re2.
+// Returns a new Regexp, handing the ref to the caller.
+Regexp* SimplifyWalker::Concat2(Regexp* re1, Regexp* re2,
+                                Regexp::ParseFlags parse_flags) {
+  Regexp* re = new Regexp(kRegexpConcat, parse_flags);
+  re->AllocSub(2);
+  Regexp** subs = re->sub();
+  subs[0] = re1;
+  subs[1] = re2;
+  return re;
+}
+
+// Simplifies the expression re{min,max} in terms of *, +, and ?.
+// Returns a new regexp.  Does not edit re.  Does not consume reference to re.
+// Caller must Decref return value when done with it.
+// The result will *not* necessarily have the right capturing parens
+// if you call ToString() and re-parse it: (x){2} becomes (x)(x),
+// but in the Regexp* representation, both (x) are marked as $1.
+Regexp* SimplifyWalker::SimplifyRepeat(Regexp* re, int min, int max,
+                                       Regexp::ParseFlags f) {
+  // x{n,} means at least n matches of x.
+  if (max == -1) {
+    // Special case: x{0,} is x*
+    if (min == 0)
+      return Regexp::Star(re->Incref(), f);
+
+    // Special case: x{1,} is x+
+    if (min == 1)
+      return Regexp::Plus(re->Incref(), f);
+
+    // General case: x{4,} is xxxx+
+    PODArray<Regexp*> nre_subs(min);
+    for (int i = 0; i < min-1; i++)
+      nre_subs[i] = re->Incref();
+    nre_subs[min-1] = Regexp::Plus(re->Incref(), f);
+    return Regexp::Concat(nre_subs.data(), min, f);
+  }
+
+  // Special case: (x){0} matches only empty string.
+  if (min == 0 && max == 0)
+    return new Regexp(kRegexpEmptyMatch, f);
+
+  // Special case: x{1} is just x.
+  if (min == 1 && max == 1)
+    return re->Incref();
+
+  // General case: x{n,m} means n copies of x and m copies of x?.
+  // The machine will do less work if we nest the final m copies,
+  // so that x{2,5} = xx(x(x(x)?)?)?
+
+  // Build leading prefix: xx.  Capturing only on the last one.
+  Regexp* nre = NULL;
+  if (min > 0) {
+    PODArray<Regexp*> nre_subs(min);
+    for (int i = 0; i < min; i++)
+      nre_subs[i] = re->Incref();
+    nre = Regexp::Concat(nre_subs.data(), min, f);
+  }
+
+  // Build and attach suffix: (x(x(x)?)?)?
+  if (max > min) {
+    Regexp* suf = Regexp::Quest(re->Incref(), f);
+    for (int i = min+1; i < max; i++)
+      suf = Regexp::Quest(Concat2(re->Incref(), suf, f), f);
+    if (nre == NULL)
+      nre = suf;
+    else
+      nre = Concat2(nre, suf, f);
+  }
+
+  if (nre == NULL) {
+    // Some degenerate case, like min > max, or min < max < 0.
+    // This shouldn't happen, because the parser rejects such regexps.
+    LOG(DFATAL) << "Malformed repeat " << re->ToString() << " " << min << " " << max;
+    return new Regexp(kRegexpNoMatch, f);
+  }
+
+  return nre;
+}
+
+// Simplifies a character class.
+// Caller must Decref return value when done with it.
+Regexp* SimplifyWalker::SimplifyCharClass(Regexp* re) {
+  CharClass* cc = re->cc();
+
+  // Special cases
+  if (cc->empty())
+    return new Regexp(kRegexpNoMatch, re->parse_flags());
+  if (cc->full())
+    return new Regexp(kRegexpAnyChar, re->parse_flags());
+
+  return re->Incref();
+}
+
+}  // namespace re2