grpc 1.24.0 → 1.25.0.pre1

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/xds/xds_bootstrap.h

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2019 gRPC authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+#ifndef GRPC_CORE_EXT_FILTERS_CLIENT_CHANNEL_XDS_XDS_BOOTSTRAP_H
+#define GRPC_CORE_EXT_FILTERS_CLIENT_CHANNEL_XDS_XDS_BOOTSTRAP_H
+
+#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <grpc/impl/codegen/slice.h>
+
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/inlined_vector.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/map.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/memory.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/error.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/json/json.h"
+
+namespace grpc_core {
+
+class XdsBootstrap {
+ public:
+  struct MetadataValue {
+    enum class Type { MD_NULL, DOUBLE, STRING, BOOL, STRUCT, LIST };
+    Type type = Type::MD_NULL;
+    // TODO(roth): Once we can use C++17, these can be in a std::variant.
+    double double_value;
+    const char* string_value;
+    bool bool_value;
+    Map<const char*, MetadataValue, StringLess> struct_value;
+    std::vector<MetadataValue> list_value;
+  };
+
+  struct Node {
+    const char* id = nullptr;
+    const char* cluster = nullptr;
+    const char* locality_region = nullptr;
+    const char* locality_zone = nullptr;
+    const char* locality_subzone = nullptr;
+    Map<const char*, MetadataValue, StringLess> metadata;
+  };
+
+  struct ChannelCreds {
+    const char* type = nullptr;
+    grpc_json* config = nullptr;
+  };
+
+  // If *error is not GRPC_ERROR_NONE after returning, then there was an
+  // error reading the file.
+  static UniquePtr<XdsBootstrap> ReadFromFile(grpc_error** error);
+
+  // Do not instantiate directly -- use ReadFromFile() above instead.
+  XdsBootstrap(grpc_slice contents, grpc_error** error);
+  ~XdsBootstrap();
+
+  const char* server_uri() const { return server_uri_; }
+  const InlinedVector<ChannelCreds, 1>& channel_creds() const {
+    return channel_creds_;
+  }
+  const Node* node() const { return node_.get(); }
+
+ private:
+  grpc_error* ParseXdsServer(grpc_json* json);
+  grpc_error* ParseChannelCredsArray(grpc_json* json);
+  grpc_error* ParseChannelCreds(grpc_json* json, size_t idx);
+  grpc_error* ParseNode(grpc_json* json);
+  grpc_error* ParseLocality(grpc_json* json);
+
+  InlinedVector<grpc_error*, 1> ParseMetadataStruct(
+      grpc_json* json, Map<const char*, MetadataValue, StringLess>* result);
+  InlinedVector<grpc_error*, 1> ParseMetadataList(
+      grpc_json* json, std::vector<MetadataValue>* result);
+  grpc_error* ParseMetadataValue(grpc_json* json, size_t idx,
+                                 MetadataValue* result);
+
+  grpc_slice contents_;
+  grpc_json* tree_ = nullptr;
+
+  const char* server_uri_ = nullptr;
+  InlinedVector<ChannelCreds, 1> channel_creds_;
+  UniquePtr<Node> node_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace grpc_core
+
+#endif /* GRPC_CORE_EXT_FILTERS_CLIENT_CHANNEL_XDS_XDS_BOOTSTRAP_H */

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/{lb_policy/xds → xds}/xds_channel.h

@@ -16,13 +16,15 @@
  *
  */
 
-#ifndef GRPC_CORE_EXT_FILTERS_CLIENT_CHANNEL_LB_POLICY_XDS_XDS_CHANNEL_H
-#define GRPC_CORE_EXT_FILTERS_CLIENT_CHANNEL_LB_POLICY_XDS_XDS_CHANNEL_H
+#ifndef GRPC_CORE_EXT_FILTERS_CLIENT_CHANNEL_XDS_XDS_CHANNEL_H
+#define GRPC_CORE_EXT_FILTERS_CLIENT_CHANNEL_XDS_XDS_CHANNEL_H
 
 #include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
 
 #include <grpc/impl/codegen/grpc_types.h>
 
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/xds/xds_bootstrap.h"
+
 namespace grpc_core {
 
 /// Makes any necessary modifications to \a args for use in the xds
@@ -31,12 +33,12 @@ namespace grpc_core {
 /// Takes ownership of \a args.
 ///
 /// Caller takes ownership of the returned args.
-grpc_channel_args* ModifyXdsBalancerChannelArgs(grpc_channel_args* args);
+grpc_channel_args* ModifyXdsChannelArgs(grpc_channel_args* args);
 
-grpc_channel* CreateXdsBalancerChannel(const char* target_uri,
-                                       const grpc_channel_args& args);
+grpc_channel* CreateXdsChannel(const XdsBootstrap& bootstrap,
+                               const grpc_channel_args& args);
 
 }  // namespace grpc_core
 
-#endif /* GRPC_CORE_EXT_FILTERS_CLIENT_CHANNEL_LB_POLICY_XDS_XDS_CHANNEL_H \
+#endif /* GRPC_CORE_EXT_FILTERS_CLIENT_CHANNEL_XDS_XDS_CHANNEL_H \
         */

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/xds/xds_channel_args.h

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2019 gRPC authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+#ifndef GRPC_CORE_EXT_FILTERS_CLIENT_CHANNEL_XDS_XDS_CHANNEL_ARGS_H
+#define GRPC_CORE_EXT_FILTERS_CLIENT_CHANNEL_XDS_XDS_CHANNEL_ARGS_H
+
+// Boolean channel arg indicating whether the target is an xds server.
+#define GRPC_ARG_ADDRESS_IS_XDS_SERVER "grpc.address_is_xds_server"
+
+// Pointer channel arg containing a ref to the XdsClient object.
+#define GRPC_ARG_XDS_CLIENT "grpc.xds_client"
+
+#endif /* GRPC_CORE_EXT_FILTERS_CLIENT_CHANNEL_XDS_XDS_CHANNEL_ARGS_H */

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/{lb_policy/xds → xds}/xds_channel_secure.cc

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
 
-#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/xds/xds_channel.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/xds/xds_channel.h"
 
 #include <string.h>
 
@@ -32,12 +32,13 @@
 #include "src/core/lib/gpr/string.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/sockaddr_utils.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/security/credentials/credentials.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/security/credentials/fake/fake_credentials.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/security/transport/target_authority_table.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_internal.h"
 
 namespace grpc_core {
 
-grpc_channel_args* ModifyXdsBalancerChannelArgs(grpc_channel_args* args) {
+grpc_channel_args* ModifyXdsChannelArgs(grpc_channel_args* args) {
   InlinedVector<const char*, 1> args_to_remove;
   InlinedVector<grpc_arg, 2> args_to_add;
   // Substitute the channel credentials with a version without call
@@ -62,19 +63,35 @@ grpc_channel_args* ModifyXdsBalancerChannelArgs(grpc_channel_args* args) {
   return result;
 }
 
-grpc_channel* CreateXdsBalancerChannel(const char* target_uri,
-                                       const grpc_channel_args& args) {
-  grpc_channel_credentials* creds =
-      grpc_channel_credentials_find_in_args(&args);
-  if (creds == nullptr) {
-    // Build with security but parent channel is insecure.
-    return grpc_insecure_channel_create(target_uri, &args, nullptr);
+grpc_channel* CreateXdsChannel(const XdsBootstrap& bootstrap,
+                               const grpc_channel_args& args) {
+  grpc_channel_credentials* creds = nullptr;
+  RefCountedPtr<grpc_channel_credentials> creds_to_unref;
+  if (!bootstrap.channel_creds().empty()) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < bootstrap.channel_creds().size(); ++i) {
+      if (strcmp(bootstrap.channel_creds()[i].type, "google_default") == 0) {
+        creds = grpc_google_default_credentials_create();
+        break;
+      } else if (strcmp(bootstrap.channel_creds()[i].type, "fake") == 0) {
+        creds = grpc_fake_transport_security_credentials_create();
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (creds == nullptr) return nullptr;
+    creds_to_unref.reset(creds);
+  } else {
+    creds = grpc_channel_credentials_find_in_args(&args);
+    if (creds == nullptr) {
+      // Built with security but parent channel is insecure.
+      return grpc_insecure_channel_create(bootstrap.server_uri(), &args,
+                                          nullptr);
+    }
   }
   const char* arg_to_remove = GRPC_ARG_CHANNEL_CREDENTIALS;
   grpc_channel_args* new_args =
       grpc_channel_args_copy_and_remove(&args, &arg_to_remove, 1);
-  grpc_channel* channel =
-      grpc_secure_channel_create(creds, target_uri, new_args, nullptr);
+  grpc_channel* channel = grpc_secure_channel_create(
+      creds, bootstrap.server_uri(), new_args, nullptr);
   grpc_channel_args_destroy(new_args);
   return channel;
 }

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/xds/xds_client.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,1413 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2018 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <grpc/byte_buffer_reader.h>
+#include <grpc/grpc.h>
+#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
+#include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
+#include <grpc/support/time.h>
+
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/parse_address.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/server_address.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/service_config.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/xds/xds_api.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/xds/xds_channel.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/xds/xds_channel_args.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/xds/xds_client.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/xds/xds_client_stats.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/backoff/backoff.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_stack.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gpr/string.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/map.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/memory.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/orphanable.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/ref_counted_ptr.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/sync.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/combiner.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/sockaddr.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/sockaddr_utils.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/timer.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_hash_table.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_internal.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_string_helpers.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/surface/call.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/surface/channel.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/surface/channel_init.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.h"
+
+#define GRPC_XDS_INITIAL_CONNECT_BACKOFF_SECONDS 1
+#define GRPC_XDS_RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER 1.6
+#define GRPC_XDS_RECONNECT_MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS 120
+#define GRPC_XDS_RECONNECT_JITTER 0.2
+#define GRPC_XDS_MIN_CLIENT_LOAD_REPORTING_INTERVAL_MS 1000
+
+namespace grpc_core {
+
+TraceFlag grpc_xds_client_trace(false, "xds_client");
+
+//
+// Internal class declarations
+//
+
+// An xds call wrapper that can restart a call upon failure. Holds a ref to
+// the xds channel. The template parameter is the kind of wrapped xds call.
+template <typename T>
+class XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall
+    : public InternallyRefCounted<RetryableCall<T>> {
+ public:
+  explicit RetryableCall(RefCountedPtr<ChannelState> chand);
+
+  void Orphan() override;
+
+  void OnCallFinishedLocked();
+
+  T* calld() const { return calld_.get(); }
+  ChannelState* chand() const { return chand_.get(); }
+
+  bool IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const;
+
+ private:
+  void StartNewCallLocked();
+  void StartRetryTimerLocked();
+  static void OnRetryTimer(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+  static void OnRetryTimerLocked(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+
+  // The wrapped xds call that talks to the xds server. It's instantiated
+  // every time we start a new call. It's null during call retry backoff.
+  OrphanablePtr<T> calld_;
+  // The owning xds channel.
+  RefCountedPtr<ChannelState> chand_;
+
+  // Retry state.
+  BackOff backoff_;
+  grpc_timer retry_timer_;
+  grpc_closure on_retry_timer_;
+  bool retry_timer_callback_pending_ = false;
+
+  bool shutting_down_ = false;
+};
+
+// Contains an ADS call to the xds server.
+class XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
+    : public InternallyRefCounted<AdsCallState> {
+ public:
+  // The ctor and dtor should not be used directly.
+  explicit AdsCallState(RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<AdsCallState>> parent);
+  ~AdsCallState() override;
+
+  void Orphan() override;
+
+  RetryableCall<AdsCallState>* parent() const { return parent_.get(); }
+  ChannelState* chand() const { return parent_->chand(); }
+  XdsClient* xds_client() const { return chand()->xds_client(); }
+  bool seen_response() const { return seen_response_; }
+
+ private:
+  static void OnResponseReceived(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+  static void OnStatusReceived(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+  static void OnResponseReceivedLocked(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+  static void OnStatusReceivedLocked(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+
+  bool IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const;
+
+  // The owning RetryableCall<>.
+  RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<AdsCallState>> parent_;
+  bool seen_response_ = false;
+
+  // Always non-NULL.
+  grpc_call* call_;
+
+  // recv_initial_metadata
+  grpc_metadata_array initial_metadata_recv_;
+
+  // send_message
+  grpc_byte_buffer* send_message_payload_ = nullptr;
+
+  // recv_message
+  grpc_byte_buffer* recv_message_payload_ = nullptr;
+  grpc_closure on_response_received_;
+
+  // recv_trailing_metadata
+  grpc_metadata_array trailing_metadata_recv_;
+  grpc_status_code status_code_;
+  grpc_slice status_details_;
+  grpc_closure on_status_received_;
+};
+
+// Contains an LRS call to the xds server.
+class XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState
+    : public InternallyRefCounted<LrsCallState> {
+ public:
+  // The ctor and dtor should not be used directly.
+  explicit LrsCallState(RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<LrsCallState>> parent);
+  ~LrsCallState() override;
+
+  void Orphan() override;
+
+  void MaybeStartReportingLocked();
+
+  RetryableCall<LrsCallState>* parent() { return parent_.get(); }
+  ChannelState* chand() const { return parent_->chand(); }
+  XdsClient* xds_client() const { return chand()->xds_client(); }
+  bool seen_response() const { return seen_response_; }
+
+ private:
+  // Reports client-side load stats according to a fixed interval.
+  class Reporter : public InternallyRefCounted<Reporter> {
+   public:
+    Reporter(RefCountedPtr<LrsCallState> parent, grpc_millis report_interval)
+        : parent_(std::move(parent)), report_interval_(report_interval) {
+      ScheduleNextReportLocked();
+    }
+
+    void Orphan() override;
+
+   private:
+    void ScheduleNextReportLocked();
+    static void OnNextReportTimer(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+    static void OnNextReportTimerLocked(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+    void SendReportLocked();
+    static void OnReportDone(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+    static void OnReportDoneLocked(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+
+    bool IsCurrentReporterOnCall() const {
+      return this == parent_->reporter_.get();
+    }
+    XdsClient* xds_client() const { return parent_->xds_client(); }
+
+    // The owning LRS call.
+    RefCountedPtr<LrsCallState> parent_;
+
+    // The load reporting state.
+    const grpc_millis report_interval_;
+    bool last_report_counters_were_zero_ = false;
+    bool next_report_timer_callback_pending_ = false;
+    grpc_timer next_report_timer_;
+    grpc_closure on_next_report_timer_;
+    grpc_closure on_report_done_;
+  };
+
+  static void OnInitialRequestSent(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+  static void OnResponseReceived(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+  static void OnStatusReceived(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+  static void OnInitialRequestSentLocked(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+  static void OnResponseReceivedLocked(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+  static void OnStatusReceivedLocked(void* arg, grpc_error* error);
+
+  bool IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const;
+
+  // The owning RetryableCall<>.
+  RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<LrsCallState>> parent_;
+  bool seen_response_ = false;
+
+  // Always non-NULL.
+  grpc_call* call_;
+
+  // recv_initial_metadata
+  grpc_metadata_array initial_metadata_recv_;
+
+  // send_message
+  grpc_byte_buffer* send_message_payload_ = nullptr;
+  grpc_closure on_initial_request_sent_;
+
+  // recv_message
+  grpc_byte_buffer* recv_message_payload_ = nullptr;
+  grpc_closure on_response_received_;
+
+  // recv_trailing_metadata
+  grpc_metadata_array trailing_metadata_recv_;
+  grpc_status_code status_code_;
+  grpc_slice status_details_;
+  grpc_closure on_status_received_;
+
+  // Load reporting state.
+  UniquePtr<char> cluster_name_;
+  grpc_millis load_reporting_interval_ = 0;
+  OrphanablePtr<Reporter> reporter_;
+};
+
+//
+// XdsClient::ChannelState::StateWatcher
+//
+
+class XdsClient::ChannelState::StateWatcher
+    : public AsyncConnectivityStateWatcherInterface {
+ public:
+  explicit StateWatcher(RefCountedPtr<ChannelState> parent)
+      : AsyncConnectivityStateWatcherInterface(parent->xds_client()->combiner_),
+        parent_(std::move(parent)) {}
+
+ private:
+  void OnConnectivityStateChange(grpc_connectivity_state new_state) override {
+    if (!parent_->shutting_down_ &&
+        new_state == GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE) {
+      // In TRANSIENT_FAILURE.  Notify all watchers of error.
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+              "[xds_client %p] xds channel in state TRANSIENT_FAILURE",
+              parent_->xds_client());
+      parent_->xds_client()->NotifyOnError(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
+          "xds channel in TRANSIENT_FAILURE"));
+    }
+  }
+
+  RefCountedPtr<ChannelState> parent_;
+};
+
+//
+// XdsClient::ChannelState
+//
+
+namespace {
+
+// Returns the channel args for the xds channel.
+grpc_channel_args* BuildXdsChannelArgs(const grpc_channel_args& args) {
+  static const char* args_to_remove[] = {
+      // LB policy name, since we want to use the default (pick_first) in
+      // the LB channel.
+      GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME,
+      // The service config that contains the LB config. We don't want to
+      // recursively use xds in the LB channel.
+      GRPC_ARG_SERVICE_CONFIG,
+      // The channel arg for the server URI, since that will be different for
+      // the xds channel than for the parent channel.  The client channel
+      // factory will re-add this arg with the right value.
+      GRPC_ARG_SERVER_URI,
+      // The xds channel should use the authority indicated by the target
+      // authority table (see \a ModifyXdsChannelArgs),
+      // as opposed to the authority from the parent channel.
+      GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY,
+      // Just as for \a GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY, the xds channel should be
+      // treated as a stand-alone channel and not inherit this argument from the
+      // args of the parent channel.
+      GRPC_SSL_TARGET_NAME_OVERRIDE_ARG,
+      // Don't want to pass down channelz node from parent; the balancer
+      // channel will get its own.
+      GRPC_ARG_CHANNELZ_CHANNEL_NODE,
+  };
+  // Channel args to add.
+  InlinedVector<grpc_arg, 2> args_to_add;
+  // A channel arg indicating that the target is an xds server.
+  // TODO(roth): Once we figure out our fallback and credentials story, decide
+  // whether this is actually needed.  Note that it's currently used by the
+  // fake security connector as well.
+  args_to_add.emplace_back(grpc_channel_arg_integer_create(
+      const_cast<char*>(GRPC_ARG_ADDRESS_IS_XDS_SERVER), 1));
+  // The parent channel's channelz uuid.
+  channelz::ChannelNode* channelz_node = nullptr;
+  const grpc_arg* arg =
+      grpc_channel_args_find(&args, GRPC_ARG_CHANNELZ_CHANNEL_NODE);
+  if (arg != nullptr && arg->type == GRPC_ARG_POINTER &&
+      arg->value.pointer.p != nullptr) {
+    channelz_node = static_cast<channelz::ChannelNode*>(arg->value.pointer.p);
+    args_to_add.emplace_back(
+        channelz::MakeParentUuidArg(channelz_node->uuid()));
+  }
+  // Construct channel args.
+  grpc_channel_args* new_args = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add_and_remove(
+      &args, args_to_remove, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(args_to_remove), args_to_add.data(),
+      args_to_add.size());
+  // Make any necessary modifications for security.
+  return ModifyXdsChannelArgs(new_args);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+XdsClient::ChannelState::ChannelState(RefCountedPtr<XdsClient> xds_client,
+                                      const grpc_channel_args& args)
+    : InternallyRefCounted<ChannelState>(&grpc_xds_client_trace),
+      xds_client_(std::move(xds_client)) {
+  grpc_channel_args* new_args = BuildXdsChannelArgs(args);
+  channel_ = CreateXdsChannel(*xds_client_->bootstrap_, *new_args);
+  grpc_channel_args_destroy(new_args);
+  GPR_ASSERT(channel_ != nullptr);
+  StartConnectivityWatchLocked();
+}
+
+XdsClient::ChannelState::~ChannelState() {
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p] Destroying xds channel %p", xds_client(),
+            this);
+  }
+  grpc_channel_destroy(channel_);
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::Orphan() {
+  shutting_down_ = true;
+  CancelConnectivityWatchLocked();
+  ads_calld_.reset();
+  lrs_calld_.reset();
+  Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ChannelState+orphaned");
+}
+
+XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState* XdsClient::ChannelState::ads_calld()
+    const {
+  return ads_calld_->calld();
+}
+
+XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState* XdsClient::ChannelState::lrs_calld()
+    const {
+  return lrs_calld_->calld();
+}
+
+bool XdsClient::ChannelState::HasActiveAdsCall() const {
+  return ads_calld_->calld() != nullptr;
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::MaybeStartAdsCall() {
+  if (ads_calld_ != nullptr) return;
+  ads_calld_.reset(New<RetryableCall<AdsCallState>>(
+      Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ChannelState+ads")));
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::StopAdsCall() { ads_calld_.reset(); }
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::MaybeStartLrsCall() {
+  if (lrs_calld_ != nullptr) return;
+  lrs_calld_.reset(New<RetryableCall<LrsCallState>>(
+      Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ChannelState+lrs")));
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::StopLrsCall() { lrs_calld_.reset(); }
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::StartConnectivityWatchLocked() {
+  grpc_channel_element* client_channel_elem =
+      grpc_channel_stack_last_element(grpc_channel_get_channel_stack(channel_));
+  GPR_ASSERT(client_channel_elem->filter == &grpc_client_channel_filter);
+  watcher_ = New<StateWatcher>(Ref());
+  grpc_client_channel_start_connectivity_watch(
+      client_channel_elem, GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE,
+      OrphanablePtr<AsyncConnectivityStateWatcherInterface>(watcher_));
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::CancelConnectivityWatchLocked() {
+  grpc_channel_element* client_channel_elem =
+      grpc_channel_stack_last_element(grpc_channel_get_channel_stack(channel_));
+  GPR_ASSERT(client_channel_elem->filter == &grpc_client_channel_filter);
+  grpc_client_channel_stop_connectivity_watch(client_channel_elem, watcher_);
+}
+
+//
+// XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<>
+//
+
+template <typename T>
+XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::RetryableCall(
+    RefCountedPtr<ChannelState> chand)
+    : chand_(std::move(chand)),
+      backoff_(
+          BackOff::Options()
+              .set_initial_backoff(GRPC_XDS_INITIAL_CONNECT_BACKOFF_SECONDS *
+                                   1000)
+              .set_multiplier(GRPC_XDS_RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER)
+              .set_jitter(GRPC_XDS_RECONNECT_JITTER)
+              .set_max_backoff(GRPC_XDS_RECONNECT_MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS * 1000)) {
+  StartNewCallLocked();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::Orphan() {
+  shutting_down_ = true;
+  calld_.reset();
+  if (retry_timer_callback_pending_) grpc_timer_cancel(&retry_timer_);
+  this->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "RetryableCall+orphaned");
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::OnCallFinishedLocked() {
+  const bool seen_response = calld_->seen_response();
+  calld_.reset();
+  if (seen_response) {
+    // If we lost connection to the xds server, reset backoff and restart the
+    // call immediately.
+    backoff_.Reset();
+    StartNewCallLocked();
+  } else {
+    // If we failed to connect to the xds server, retry later.
+    StartRetryTimerLocked();
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::StartNewCallLocked() {
+  if (shutting_down_) return;
+  GPR_ASSERT(chand_->channel_ != nullptr);
+  GPR_ASSERT(calld_ == nullptr);
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+            "[xds_client %p] Start new call from retryable call (chand: %p, "
+            "retryable call: %p)",
+            chand()->xds_client(), chand(), this);
+  }
+  calld_ = MakeOrphanable<T>(
+      this->Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "RetryableCall+start_new_call"));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::StartRetryTimerLocked() {
+  if (shutting_down_) return;
+  const grpc_millis next_attempt_time = backoff_.NextAttemptTime();
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+    grpc_millis timeout = GPR_MAX(next_attempt_time - ExecCtx::Get()->Now(), 0);
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+            "[xds_client %p] Failed to connect to xds server (chand: %p) "
+            "retry timer will fire in %" PRId64 "ms.",
+            chand()->xds_client(), chand(), timeout);
+  }
+  this->Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "RetryableCall+retry_timer_start").release();
+  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_retry_timer_, OnRetryTimer, this,
+                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
+  grpc_timer_init(&retry_timer_, next_attempt_time, &on_retry_timer_);
+  retry_timer_callback_pending_ = true;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::OnRetryTimer(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  RetryableCall* calld = static_cast<RetryableCall*>(arg);
+  calld->chand_->xds_client()->combiner_->Run(
+      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&calld->on_retry_timer_, OnRetryTimerLocked, calld,
+                        nullptr),
+      GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::RetryableCall<T>::OnRetryTimerLocked(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  RetryableCall* calld = static_cast<RetryableCall*>(arg);
+  calld->retry_timer_callback_pending_ = false;
+  if (!calld->shutting_down_ && error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(
+          GPR_INFO,
+          "[xds_client %p] Retry timer fires (chand: %p, retryable call: %p)",
+          calld->chand()->xds_client(), calld->chand(), calld);
+    }
+    calld->StartNewCallLocked();
+  }
+  calld->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "RetryableCall+retry_timer_done");
+}
+
+//
+// XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState
+//
+
+XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::AdsCallState(
+    RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<AdsCallState>> parent)
+    : InternallyRefCounted<AdsCallState>(&grpc_xds_client_trace),
+      parent_(std::move(parent)) {
+  // Init the ADS call. Note that the call will progress every time there's
+  // activity in xds_client()->interested_parties_, which is comprised of
+  // the polling entities from client_channel.
+  GPR_ASSERT(xds_client() != nullptr);
+  GPR_ASSERT(xds_client()->server_name_ != nullptr);
+  GPR_ASSERT(*xds_client()->server_name_.get() != '\0');
+  // Create a call with the specified method name.
+  call_ = grpc_channel_create_pollset_set_call(
+      chand()->channel_, nullptr, GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS,
+      xds_client()->interested_parties_,
+      GRPC_MDSTR_SLASH_ENVOY_DOT_SERVICE_DOT_DISCOVERY_DOT_V2_DOT_AGGREGATEDDISCOVERYSERVICE_SLASH_STREAMAGGREGATEDRESOURCES,
+      nullptr, GRPC_MILLIS_INF_FUTURE, nullptr);
+  GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
+  // Init the request payload.
+  grpc_slice request_payload_slice = XdsEdsRequestCreateAndEncode(
+      xds_client()->server_name_.get(), xds_client()->bootstrap_->node(),
+      xds_client()->build_version_.get());
+  send_message_payload_ =
+      grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(&request_payload_slice, 1);
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(request_payload_slice);
+  // Init other data associated with the call.
+  grpc_metadata_array_init(&initial_metadata_recv_);
+  grpc_metadata_array_init(&trailing_metadata_recv_);
+  // Start the call.
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+            "[xds_client %p] Starting ADS call (chand: %p, calld: %p, "
+            "call: %p)",
+            xds_client(), chand(), this, call_);
+  }
+  // Create the ops.
+  grpc_call_error call_error;
+  grpc_op ops[3];
+  memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
+  // Op: send initial metadata.
+  grpc_op* op = ops;
+  op->op = GRPC_OP_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA;
+  op->data.send_initial_metadata.count = 0;
+  op->flags = 0;
+  op->reserved = nullptr;
+  op++;
+  // Op: send request message.
+  GPR_ASSERT(send_message_payload_ != nullptr);
+  op->op = GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE;
+  op->data.send_message.send_message = send_message_payload_;
+  op->flags = 0;
+  op->reserved = nullptr;
+  op++;
+  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(call_, ops, (size_t)(op - ops),
+                                                 nullptr);
+  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
+  // Op: recv initial metadata.
+  op = ops;
+  op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA;
+  op->data.recv_initial_metadata.recv_initial_metadata =
+      &initial_metadata_recv_;
+  op->flags = 0;
+  op->reserved = nullptr;
+  op++;
+  // Op: recv response.
+  op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE;
+  op->data.recv_message.recv_message = &recv_message_payload_;
+  op->flags = 0;
+  op->reserved = nullptr;
+  op++;
+  Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ADS+OnResponseReceivedLocked").release();
+  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_response_received_, OnResponseReceived, this,
+                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
+  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(call_, ops, (size_t)(op - ops),
+                                                 &on_response_received_);
+  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
+  // Op: recv server status.
+  op = ops;
+  op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT;
+  op->data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata = &trailing_metadata_recv_;
+  op->data.recv_status_on_client.status = &status_code_;
+  op->data.recv_status_on_client.status_details = &status_details_;
+  op->flags = 0;
+  op->reserved = nullptr;
+  op++;
+  // This callback signals the end of the call, so it relies on the initial
+  // ref instead of a new ref. When it's invoked, it's the initial ref that is
+  // unreffed.
+  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_status_received_, OnStatusReceived, this,
+                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
+  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(call_, ops, (size_t)(op - ops),
+                                                 &on_status_received_);
+  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
+}
+
+XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::~AdsCallState() {
+  grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&initial_metadata_recv_);
+  grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv_);
+  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(send_message_payload_);
+  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(recv_message_payload_);
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(status_details_);
+  GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
+  grpc_call_unref(call_);
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::Orphan() {
+  GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
+  // If we are here because xds_client wants to cancel the call,
+  // on_status_received_ will complete the cancellation and clean up. Otherwise,
+  // we are here because xds_client has to orphan a failed call, then the
+  // following cancellation will be a no-op.
+  grpc_call_cancel(call_, nullptr);
+  // Note that the initial ref is hold by on_status_received_. So the
+  // corresponding unref happens in on_status_received_ instead of here.
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnResponseReceived(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  AdsCallState* ads_calld = static_cast<AdsCallState*>(arg);
+  ads_calld->xds_client()->combiner_->Run(
+      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&ads_calld->on_response_received_,
+                        OnResponseReceivedLocked, ads_calld, nullptr),
+      GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnResponseReceivedLocked(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  AdsCallState* ads_calld = static_cast<AdsCallState*>(arg);
+  XdsClient* xds_client = ads_calld->xds_client();
+  // Empty payload means the call was cancelled.
+  if (!ads_calld->IsCurrentCallOnChannel() ||
+      ads_calld->recv_message_payload_ == nullptr) {
+    ads_calld->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ADS+OnResponseReceivedLocked");
+    return;
+  }
+  // Read the response.
+  grpc_byte_buffer_reader bbr;
+  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init(&bbr, ads_calld->recv_message_payload_);
+  grpc_slice response_slice = grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall(&bbr);
+  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy(&bbr);
+  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(ads_calld->recv_message_payload_);
+  ads_calld->recv_message_payload_ = nullptr;
+  // TODO(juanlishen): When we convert this to use the xds protocol, the
+  // balancer will send us a fallback timeout such that we should go into
+  // fallback mode if we have lost contact with the balancer after a certain
+  // period of time. We will need to save the timeout value here, and then
+  // when the balancer call ends, we will need to start a timer for the
+  // specified period of time, and if the timer fires, we go into fallback
+  // mode. We will also need to cancel the timer when we receive a serverlist
+  // from the balancer.
+  // This anonymous lambda is a hack to avoid the usage of goto.
+  [&]() {
+    // Parse the response.
+    EdsUpdate update;
+    grpc_error* parse_error =
+        XdsEdsResponseDecodeAndParse(response_slice, &update);
+    if (parse_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+              "[xds_client %p] ADS response parsing failed. error=%s",
+              xds_client, grpc_error_string(parse_error));
+      GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(parse_error);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (update.priority_list_update.empty() && !update.drop_all) {
+      char* response_slice_str =
+          grpc_dump_slice(response_slice, GPR_DUMP_ASCII | GPR_DUMP_HEX);
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+              "[xds_client %p] ADS response '%s' doesn't contain any valid "
+              "locality but doesn't require to drop all calls. Ignoring.",
+              xds_client, response_slice_str);
+      gpr_free(response_slice_str);
+      return;
+    }
+    ads_calld->seen_response_ = true;
+    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+              "[xds_client %p] ADS response with %" PRIuPTR
+              " priorities and %" PRIuPTR
+              " drop categories received (drop_all=%d)",
+              xds_client, update.priority_list_update.size(),
+              update.drop_config->drop_category_list().size(), update.drop_all);
+      for (size_t priority = 0; priority < update.priority_list_update.size();
+           ++priority) {
+        const auto* locality_map_update =
+            update.priority_list_update.Find(static_cast<uint32_t>(priority));
+        gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+                "[xds_client %p] Priority %" PRIuPTR " contains %" PRIuPTR
+                " localities",
+                xds_client, priority, locality_map_update->size());
+        size_t locality_count = 0;
+        for (const auto& p : locality_map_update->localities) {
+          const auto& locality = p.second;
+          gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+                  "[xds_client %p] Priority %" PRIuPTR ", locality %" PRIuPTR
+                  " %s contains %" PRIuPTR " server addresses",
+                  xds_client, priority, locality_count,
+                  locality.name->AsHumanReadableString(),
+                  locality.serverlist.size());
+          for (size_t i = 0; i < locality.serverlist.size(); ++i) {
+            char* ipport;
+            grpc_sockaddr_to_string(&ipport, &locality.serverlist[i].address(),
+                                    false);
+            gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+                    "[xds_client %p] Priority %" PRIuPTR ", locality %" PRIuPTR
+                    " %s, server address %" PRIuPTR ": %s",
+                    xds_client, priority, locality_count,
+                    locality.name->AsHumanReadableString(), i, ipport);
+            gpr_free(ipport);
+          }
+          ++locality_count;
+        }
+      }
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < update.drop_config->drop_category_list().size();
+           ++i) {
+        const XdsDropConfig::DropCategory& drop_category =
+            update.drop_config->drop_category_list()[i];
+        gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+                "[xds_client %p] Drop category %s has drop rate %d per million",
+                xds_client, drop_category.name.get(),
+                drop_category.parts_per_million);
+      }
+    }
+    // Start load reporting if needed.
+    LrsCallState* lrs_calld = ads_calld->chand()->lrs_calld_->calld();
+    if (lrs_calld != nullptr) lrs_calld->MaybeStartReportingLocked();
+    // Ignore identical update.
+    const EdsUpdate& prev_update = xds_client->cluster_state_.eds_update;
+    const bool priority_list_changed =
+        prev_update.priority_list_update != update.priority_list_update;
+    const bool drop_config_changed =
+        prev_update.drop_config == nullptr ||
+        *prev_update.drop_config != *update.drop_config;
+    if (!priority_list_changed && !drop_config_changed) {
+      if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+                "[xds_client %p] EDS update identical to current, ignoring.",
+                xds_client);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    // Update the cluster state.
+    ClusterState& cluster_state = xds_client->cluster_state_;
+    cluster_state.eds_update = std::move(update);
+    // Notify all watchers.
+    for (const auto& p : cluster_state.endpoint_watchers) {
+      p.first->OnEndpointChanged(cluster_state.eds_update);
+    }
+  }();
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(response_slice);
+  if (xds_client->shutting_down_) {
+    ads_calld->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION,
+                     "ADS+OnResponseReceivedLocked+xds_shutdown");
+    return;
+  }
+  // Keep listening for serverlist updates.
+  grpc_op op;
+  memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
+  op.op = GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE;
+  op.data.recv_message.recv_message = &ads_calld->recv_message_payload_;
+  op.flags = 0;
+  op.reserved = nullptr;
+  GPR_ASSERT(ads_calld->call_ != nullptr);
+  // Reuse the "ADS+OnResponseReceivedLocked" ref taken in ctor.
+  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&ads_calld->on_response_received_, OnResponseReceived,
+                    ads_calld, grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
+  const grpc_call_error call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
+      ads_calld->call_, &op, 1, &ads_calld->on_response_received_);
+  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnStatusReceived(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  AdsCallState* ads_calld = static_cast<AdsCallState*>(arg);
+  ads_calld->xds_client()->combiner_->Run(
+      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&ads_calld->on_status_received_, OnStatusReceivedLocked,
+                        ads_calld, nullptr),
+      GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::OnStatusReceivedLocked(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  AdsCallState* ads_calld = static_cast<AdsCallState*>(arg);
+  ChannelState* chand = ads_calld->chand();
+  XdsClient* xds_client = ads_calld->xds_client();
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+    char* status_details = grpc_slice_to_c_string(ads_calld->status_details_);
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+            "[xds_client %p] ADS call status received. Status = %d, details "
+            "= '%s', (chand: %p, ads_calld: %p, call: %p), error '%s'",
+            xds_client, ads_calld->status_code_, status_details, chand,
+            ads_calld, ads_calld->call_, grpc_error_string(error));
+    gpr_free(status_details);
+  }
+  // Ignore status from a stale call.
+  if (ads_calld->IsCurrentCallOnChannel()) {
+    // Try to restart the call.
+    ads_calld->parent_->OnCallFinishedLocked();
+    // Send error to all watchers.
+    xds_client->NotifyOnError(
+        GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("xds call failed"));
+  }
+  ads_calld->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "ADS+OnStatusReceivedLocked");
+}
+
+bool XdsClient::ChannelState::AdsCallState::IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const {
+  // If the retryable ADS call is null (which only happens when the xds channel
+  // is shutting down), all the ADS calls are stale.
+  if (chand()->ads_calld_ == nullptr) return false;
+  return this == chand()->ads_calld_->calld();
+}
+
+//
+// XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter
+//
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::Orphan() {
+  if (next_report_timer_callback_pending_) {
+    grpc_timer_cancel(&next_report_timer_);
+  }
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::
+    ScheduleNextReportLocked() {
+  const grpc_millis next_report_time = ExecCtx::Get()->Now() + report_interval_;
+  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_next_report_timer_, OnNextReportTimer, this,
+                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
+  grpc_timer_init(&next_report_timer_, next_report_time,
+                  &on_next_report_timer_);
+  next_report_timer_callback_pending_ = true;
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::OnNextReportTimer(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  Reporter* self = static_cast<Reporter*>(arg);
+  self->xds_client()->combiner_->Run(
+      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&self->on_next_report_timer_, OnNextReportTimerLocked,
+                        self, nullptr),
+      GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::OnNextReportTimerLocked(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  Reporter* self = static_cast<Reporter*>(arg);
+  self->next_report_timer_callback_pending_ = false;
+  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE || !self->IsCurrentReporterOnCall()) {
+    self->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "Reporter+timer");
+    return;
+  }
+  self->SendReportLocked();
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::SendReportLocked() {
+  // Create a request that contains the load report.
+  // TODO(roth): Currently, it is not possible to have multiple client
+  // stats objects for a given cluster.  However, in the future, we may
+  // run into cases where this happens (e.g., due to graceful LB policy
+  // switching).  If/when this becomes a problem, replace this assertion
+  // with code to merge data from multiple client stats objects.
+  GPR_ASSERT(xds_client()->cluster_state_.client_stats.size() == 1);
+  auto* client_stats = *xds_client()->cluster_state_.client_stats.begin();
+  grpc_slice request_payload_slice =
+      XdsLrsRequestCreateAndEncode(parent_->cluster_name_.get(), client_stats);
+  // Skip client load report if the counters were all zero in the last
+  // report and they are still zero in this one.
+  const bool old_val = last_report_counters_were_zero_;
+  last_report_counters_were_zero_ = static_cast<bool>(
+      grpc_slice_eq(request_payload_slice, grpc_empty_slice()));
+  if (old_val && last_report_counters_were_zero_) {
+    ScheduleNextReportLocked();
+    return;
+  }
+  parent_->send_message_payload_ =
+      grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(&request_payload_slice, 1);
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(request_payload_slice);
+  // Send the report.
+  grpc_op op;
+  memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
+  op.op = GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE;
+  op.data.send_message.send_message = parent_->send_message_payload_;
+  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_report_done_, OnReportDone, this,
+                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
+  grpc_call_error call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
+      parent_->call_, &op, 1, &on_report_done_);
+  if (GPR_UNLIKELY(call_error != GRPC_CALL_OK)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+            "[xds_client %p] calld=%p call_error=%d sending client load report",
+            xds_client(), this, call_error);
+    GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
+  }
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::OnReportDone(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  Reporter* self = static_cast<Reporter*>(arg);
+  self->xds_client()->combiner_->Run(
+      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&self->on_report_done_, OnReportDoneLocked, self,
+                        nullptr),
+      GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Reporter::OnReportDoneLocked(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  Reporter* self = static_cast<Reporter*>(arg);
+  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(self->parent_->send_message_payload_);
+  self->parent_->send_message_payload_ = nullptr;
+  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE || !self->IsCurrentReporterOnCall()) {
+    // If this reporter is no longer the current one on the call, the reason
+    // might be that it was orphaned for a new one due to config update.
+    if (!self->IsCurrentReporterOnCall()) {
+      self->parent_->MaybeStartReportingLocked();
+    }
+    self->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "Reporter+report_done");
+    return;
+  }
+  self->ScheduleNextReportLocked();
+}
+
+//
+// XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState
+//
+
+XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::LrsCallState(
+    RefCountedPtr<RetryableCall<LrsCallState>> parent)
+    : InternallyRefCounted<LrsCallState>(&grpc_xds_client_trace),
+      parent_(std::move(parent)) {
+  // Init the LRS call. Note that the call will progress every time there's
+  // activity in xds_client()->interested_parties_, which is comprised of
+  // the polling entities from client_channel.
+  GPR_ASSERT(xds_client() != nullptr);
+  GPR_ASSERT(xds_client()->server_name_ != nullptr);
+  GPR_ASSERT(*xds_client()->server_name_.get() != '\0');
+  call_ = grpc_channel_create_pollset_set_call(
+      chand()->channel_, nullptr, GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS,
+      xds_client()->interested_parties_,
+      GRPC_MDSTR_SLASH_ENVOY_DOT_SERVICE_DOT_LOAD_STATS_DOT_V2_DOT_LOADREPORTINGSERVICE_SLASH_STREAMLOADSTATS,
+      nullptr, GRPC_MILLIS_INF_FUTURE, nullptr);
+  GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
+  // Init the request payload.
+  grpc_slice request_payload_slice = XdsLrsRequestCreateAndEncode(
+      xds_client()->server_name_.get(), xds_client()->bootstrap_->node(),
+      xds_client()->build_version_.get());
+  send_message_payload_ =
+      grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(&request_payload_slice, 1);
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(request_payload_slice);
+  // Init other data associated with the LRS call.
+  grpc_metadata_array_init(&initial_metadata_recv_);
+  grpc_metadata_array_init(&trailing_metadata_recv_);
+  // Start the call.
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+            "[xds_client %p] Starting LRS call (chand: %p, calld: %p, "
+            "call: %p)",
+            xds_client(), chand(), this, call_);
+  }
+  // Create the ops.
+  grpc_call_error call_error;
+  grpc_op ops[3];
+  memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
+  // Op: send initial metadata.
+  grpc_op* op = ops;
+  op->op = GRPC_OP_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA;
+  op->data.send_initial_metadata.count = 0;
+  op->flags = 0;
+  op->reserved = nullptr;
+  op++;
+  // Op: send request message.
+  GPR_ASSERT(send_message_payload_ != nullptr);
+  op->op = GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE;
+  op->data.send_message.send_message = send_message_payload_;
+  op->flags = 0;
+  op->reserved = nullptr;
+  op++;
+  Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LRS+OnInitialRequestSentLocked").release();
+  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_initial_request_sent_, OnInitialRequestSent, this,
+                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
+  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(call_, ops, (size_t)(op - ops),
+                                                 &on_initial_request_sent_);
+  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
+  // Op: recv initial metadata.
+  op = ops;
+  op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA;
+  op->data.recv_initial_metadata.recv_initial_metadata =
+      &initial_metadata_recv_;
+  op->flags = 0;
+  op->reserved = nullptr;
+  op++;
+  // Op: recv response.
+  op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE;
+  op->data.recv_message.recv_message = &recv_message_payload_;
+  op->flags = 0;
+  op->reserved = nullptr;
+  op++;
+  Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LRS+OnResponseReceivedLocked").release();
+  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_response_received_, OnResponseReceived, this,
+                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
+  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(call_, ops, (size_t)(op - ops),
+                                                 &on_response_received_);
+  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
+  // Op: recv server status.
+  op = ops;
+  op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT;
+  op->data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata = &trailing_metadata_recv_;
+  op->data.recv_status_on_client.status = &status_code_;
+  op->data.recv_status_on_client.status_details = &status_details_;
+  op->flags = 0;
+  op->reserved = nullptr;
+  op++;
+  // This callback signals the end of the call, so it relies on the initial
+  // ref instead of a new ref. When it's invoked, it's the initial ref that is
+  // unreffed.
+  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&on_status_received_, OnStatusReceived, this,
+                    grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
+  call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(call_, ops, (size_t)(op - ops),
+                                                 &on_status_received_);
+  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
+}
+
+XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::~LrsCallState() {
+  grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&initial_metadata_recv_);
+  grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv_);
+  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(send_message_payload_);
+  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(recv_message_payload_);
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(status_details_);
+  GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
+  grpc_call_unref(call_);
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::Orphan() {
+  reporter_.reset();
+  GPR_ASSERT(call_ != nullptr);
+  // If we are here because xds_client wants to cancel the call,
+  // on_status_received_ will complete the cancellation and clean up. Otherwise,
+  // we are here because xds_client has to orphan a failed call, then the
+  // following cancellation will be a no-op.
+  grpc_call_cancel(call_, nullptr);
+  // Note that the initial ref is hold by on_status_received_. So the
+  // corresponding unref happens in on_status_received_ instead of here.
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::MaybeStartReportingLocked() {
+  // Don't start again if already started.
+  if (reporter_ != nullptr) return;
+  // Don't start if the previous send_message op (of the initial request or the
+  // last report of the previous reporter) hasn't completed.
+  if (send_message_payload_ != nullptr) return;
+  // Don't start if no LRS response has arrived.
+  if (!seen_response()) return;
+  // Don't start if the ADS call hasn't received any valid response. Note that
+  // this must be the first channel because it is the current channel but its
+  // ADS call hasn't seen any response.
+  AdsCallState* ads_calld = chand()->ads_calld_->calld();
+  if (ads_calld == nullptr || !ads_calld->seen_response()) return;
+  // Start reporting.
+  for (auto* client_stats : chand()->xds_client_->cluster_state_.client_stats) {
+    client_stats->MaybeInitLastReportTime();
+  }
+  reporter_ = MakeOrphanable<Reporter>(
+      Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LRS+load_report+start"), load_reporting_interval_);
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnInitialRequestSent(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  LrsCallState* lrs_calld = static_cast<LrsCallState*>(arg);
+  lrs_calld->xds_client()->combiner_->Run(
+      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&lrs_calld->on_initial_request_sent_,
+                        OnInitialRequestSentLocked, lrs_calld, nullptr),
+      GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnInitialRequestSentLocked(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  LrsCallState* lrs_calld = static_cast<LrsCallState*>(arg);
+  // Clear the send_message_payload_.
+  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(lrs_calld->send_message_payload_);
+  lrs_calld->send_message_payload_ = nullptr;
+  lrs_calld->MaybeStartReportingLocked();
+  lrs_calld->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LRS+OnInitialRequestSentLocked");
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnResponseReceived(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  LrsCallState* lrs_calld = static_cast<LrsCallState*>(arg);
+  lrs_calld->xds_client()->combiner_->Run(
+      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&lrs_calld->on_response_received_,
+                        OnResponseReceivedLocked, lrs_calld, nullptr),
+      GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnResponseReceivedLocked(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  LrsCallState* lrs_calld = static_cast<LrsCallState*>(arg);
+  XdsClient* xds_client = lrs_calld->xds_client();
+  // Empty payload means the call was cancelled.
+  if (!lrs_calld->IsCurrentCallOnChannel() ||
+      lrs_calld->recv_message_payload_ == nullptr) {
+    lrs_calld->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LRS+OnResponseReceivedLocked");
+    return;
+  }
+  // Read the response.
+  grpc_byte_buffer_reader bbr;
+  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init(&bbr, lrs_calld->recv_message_payload_);
+  grpc_slice response_slice = grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall(&bbr);
+  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy(&bbr);
+  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(lrs_calld->recv_message_payload_);
+  lrs_calld->recv_message_payload_ = nullptr;
+  // This anonymous lambda is a hack to avoid the usage of goto.
+  [&]() {
+    // Parse the response.
+    UniquePtr<char> new_cluster_name;
+    grpc_millis new_load_reporting_interval;
+    grpc_error* parse_error = XdsLrsResponseDecodeAndParse(
+        response_slice, &new_cluster_name, &new_load_reporting_interval);
+    if (parse_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+              "[xds_client %p] LRS response parsing failed. error=%s",
+              xds_client, grpc_error_string(parse_error));
+      GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(parse_error);
+      return;
+    }
+    lrs_calld->seen_response_ = true;
+    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+              "[xds_client %p] LRS response received, cluster_name=%s, "
+              "load_report_interval=%" PRId64 "ms",
+              xds_client, new_cluster_name.get(), new_load_reporting_interval);
+    }
+    if (new_load_reporting_interval <
+        GRPC_XDS_MIN_CLIENT_LOAD_REPORTING_INTERVAL_MS) {
+      new_load_reporting_interval =
+          GRPC_XDS_MIN_CLIENT_LOAD_REPORTING_INTERVAL_MS;
+      if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+                "[xds_client %p] Increased load_report_interval to minimum "
+                "value %dms",
+                xds_client, GRPC_XDS_MIN_CLIENT_LOAD_REPORTING_INTERVAL_MS);
+      }
+    }
+    // Ignore identical update.
+    if (lrs_calld->load_reporting_interval_ == new_load_reporting_interval &&
+        strcmp(lrs_calld->cluster_name_.get(), new_cluster_name.get()) == 0) {
+      if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+                "[xds_client %p] Incoming LRS response identical to current, "
+                "ignoring.",
+                xds_client);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    // Stop current load reporting (if any) to adopt the new config.
+    lrs_calld->reporter_.reset();
+    // Record the new config.
+    lrs_calld->cluster_name_ = std::move(new_cluster_name);
+    lrs_calld->load_reporting_interval_ = new_load_reporting_interval;
+    // Try starting sending load report.
+    lrs_calld->MaybeStartReportingLocked();
+  }();
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(response_slice);
+  if (xds_client->shutting_down_) {
+    lrs_calld->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION,
+                     "LRS+OnResponseReceivedLocked+xds_shutdown");
+    return;
+  }
+  // Keep listening for LRS config updates.
+  grpc_op op;
+  memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
+  op.op = GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE;
+  op.data.recv_message.recv_message = &lrs_calld->recv_message_payload_;
+  op.flags = 0;
+  op.reserved = nullptr;
+  GPR_ASSERT(lrs_calld->call_ != nullptr);
+  // Reuse the "OnResponseReceivedLocked" ref taken in ctor.
+  GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&lrs_calld->on_response_received_, OnResponseReceived,
+                    lrs_calld, grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
+  const grpc_call_error call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute(
+      lrs_calld->call_, &op, 1, &lrs_calld->on_response_received_);
+  GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnStatusReceived(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  LrsCallState* lrs_calld = static_cast<LrsCallState*>(arg);
+  lrs_calld->xds_client()->combiner_->Run(
+      GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&lrs_calld->on_status_received_, OnStatusReceivedLocked,
+                        lrs_calld, nullptr),
+      GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::OnStatusReceivedLocked(
+    void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  LrsCallState* lrs_calld = static_cast<LrsCallState*>(arg);
+  XdsClient* xds_client = lrs_calld->xds_client();
+  ChannelState* chand = lrs_calld->chand();
+  GPR_ASSERT(lrs_calld->call_ != nullptr);
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+    char* status_details = grpc_slice_to_c_string(lrs_calld->status_details_);
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+            "[xds_client %p] LRS call status received. Status = %d, details "
+            "= '%s', (chand: %p, calld: %p, call: %p), error '%s'",
+            xds_client, lrs_calld->status_code_, status_details, chand,
+            lrs_calld, lrs_calld->call_, grpc_error_string(error));
+    gpr_free(status_details);
+  }
+  // Ignore status from a stale call.
+  if (lrs_calld->IsCurrentCallOnChannel()) {
+    GPR_ASSERT(!xds_client->shutting_down_);
+    // Try to restart the call.
+    lrs_calld->parent_->OnCallFinishedLocked();
+  }
+  lrs_calld->Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "LRS+OnStatusReceivedLocked");
+}
+
+bool XdsClient::ChannelState::LrsCallState::IsCurrentCallOnChannel() const {
+  // If the retryable LRS call is null (which only happens when the xds channel
+  // is shutting down), all the LRS calls are stale.
+  if (chand()->lrs_calld_ == nullptr) return false;
+  return this == chand()->lrs_calld_->calld();
+}
+
+//
+// XdsClient
+//
+
+namespace {
+
+UniquePtr<char> GenerateBuildVersionString() {
+  char* build_version_str;
+  gpr_asprintf(&build_version_str, "gRPC C-core %s %s", grpc_version_string(),
+               GPR_PLATFORM_STRING);
+  return UniquePtr<char>(build_version_str);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+XdsClient::XdsClient(Combiner* combiner, grpc_pollset_set* interested_parties,
+                     StringView server_name,
+                     UniquePtr<ServiceConfigWatcherInterface> watcher,
+                     const grpc_channel_args& channel_args, grpc_error** error)
+    : build_version_(GenerateBuildVersionString()),
+      combiner_(GRPC_COMBINER_REF(combiner, "xds_client")),
+      interested_parties_(interested_parties),
+      bootstrap_(XdsBootstrap::ReadFromFile(error)),
+      server_name_(server_name.dup()),
+      service_config_watcher_(std::move(watcher)) {
+  if (*error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p: failed to read bootstrap file: %s",
+              this, grpc_error_string(*error));
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_client_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_client %p: creating channel to %s", this,
+            bootstrap_->server_uri());
+  }
+  chand_ = MakeOrphanable<ChannelState>(
+      Ref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "XdsClient+ChannelState"), channel_args);
+  if (service_config_watcher_ != nullptr) {
+    // TODO(juanlishen): Start LDS call and do not return service config
+    // until we get the first LDS response.
+    GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&service_config_notify_, NotifyOnServiceConfig,
+                      Ref().release(), nullptr);
+    combiner_->Run(&service_config_notify_, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+  }
+}
+
+XdsClient::~XdsClient() { GRPC_COMBINER_UNREF(combiner_, "xds_client"); }
+
+void XdsClient::Orphan() {
+  shutting_down_ = true;
+  chand_.reset();
+  Unref(DEBUG_LOCATION, "XdsClient::Orphan()");
+}
+
+void XdsClient::WatchClusterData(StringView cluster,
+                                 UniquePtr<ClusterWatcherInterface> watcher) {
+  // TODO(juanlishen): Implement.
+}
+
+void XdsClient::CancelClusterDataWatch(StringView cluster,
+                                       ClusterWatcherInterface* watcher) {
+  // TODO(juanlishen): Implement.
+}
+
+void XdsClient::WatchEndpointData(StringView cluster,
+                                  UniquePtr<EndpointWatcherInterface> watcher) {
+  EndpointWatcherInterface* w = watcher.get();
+  cluster_state_.endpoint_watchers[w] = std::move(watcher);
+  // If we've already received an EDS update, notify the new watcher
+  // immediately.
+  if (!cluster_state_.eds_update.priority_list_update.empty()) {
+    w->OnEndpointChanged(cluster_state_.eds_update);
+  }
+  chand_->MaybeStartAdsCall();
+}
+
+void XdsClient::CancelEndpointDataWatch(StringView cluster,
+                                        EndpointWatcherInterface* watcher) {
+  auto it = cluster_state_.endpoint_watchers.find(watcher);
+  if (it != cluster_state_.endpoint_watchers.end()) {
+    cluster_state_.endpoint_watchers.erase(it);
+  }
+  if (chand_ != nullptr && cluster_state_.endpoint_watchers.empty()) {
+    chand_->StopAdsCall();
+  }
+}
+
+void XdsClient::AddClientStats(StringView cluster,
+                               XdsClientStats* client_stats) {
+  cluster_state_.client_stats.insert(client_stats);
+  chand_->MaybeStartLrsCall();
+}
+
+void XdsClient::RemoveClientStats(StringView cluster,
+                                  XdsClientStats* client_stats) {
+  // TODO(roth): In principle, we should try to send a final load report
+  // containing whatever final stats have been accumulated since the
+  // last load report.
+  auto it = cluster_state_.client_stats.find(client_stats);
+  if (it != cluster_state_.client_stats.end()) {
+    cluster_state_.client_stats.erase(it);
+  }
+  if (chand_ != nullptr && cluster_state_.client_stats.empty()) {
+    chand_->StopLrsCall();
+  }
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ResetBackoff() {
+  if (chand_ != nullptr) {
+    grpc_channel_reset_connect_backoff(chand_->channel());
+  }
+}
+
+void XdsClient::NotifyOnError(grpc_error* error) {
+  if (service_config_watcher_ != nullptr) {
+    service_config_watcher_->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+  }
+  for (const auto& p : cluster_state_.cluster_watchers) {
+    p.first->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+  }
+  for (const auto& p : cluster_state_.endpoint_watchers) {
+    p.first->OnError(GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+  }
+  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
+}
+
+void XdsClient::NotifyOnServiceConfig(void* arg, grpc_error* error) {
+  XdsClient* self = static_cast<XdsClient*>(arg);
+  // TODO(roth): When we add support for WeightedClusters, select the
+  // LB policy based on that functionality.
+  static const char* json =
+      "{\n"
+      "  \"loadBalancingConfig\":[\n"
+      "    { \"xds_experimental\":{} }\n"
+      "  ]\n"
+      "}";
+  RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig> service_config =
+      ServiceConfig::Create(json, &error);
+  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    self->service_config_watcher_->OnError(error);
+  } else {
+    self->service_config_watcher_->OnServiceConfigChanged(
+        std::move(service_config));
+  }
+  self->Unref();
+}
+
+void* XdsClient::ChannelArgCopy(void* p) {
+  XdsClient* xds_client = static_cast<XdsClient*>(p);
+  xds_client->Ref().release();
+  return p;
+}
+
+void XdsClient::ChannelArgDestroy(void* p) {
+  XdsClient* xds_client = static_cast<XdsClient*>(p);
+  xds_client->Unref();
+}
+
+int XdsClient::ChannelArgCmp(void* p, void* q) { return GPR_ICMP(p, q); }
+
+const grpc_arg_pointer_vtable XdsClient::kXdsClientVtable = {
+    XdsClient::ChannelArgCopy, XdsClient::ChannelArgDestroy,
+    XdsClient::ChannelArgCmp};
+
+grpc_arg XdsClient::MakeChannelArg() const {
+  return grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create(const_cast<char*>(GRPC_ARG_XDS_CLIENT),
+                                         const_cast<XdsClient*>(this),
+                                         &XdsClient::kXdsClientVtable);
+}
+
+RefCountedPtr<XdsClient> XdsClient::GetFromChannelArgs(
+    const grpc_channel_args& args) {
+  XdsClient* xds_client =
+      grpc_channel_args_find_pointer<XdsClient>(&args, GRPC_ARG_XDS_CLIENT);
+  if (xds_client != nullptr) return xds_client->Ref();
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+}  // namespace grpc_core