grpc 0.15.0 → 1.0.0.pre1

data/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/internal.h

@@ -384,9 +384,6 @@ struct grpc_chttp2_transport {
 
   /** Transport op to be applied post-parsing */
   grpc_transport_op *post_parsing_op;
-
-  /** Message explaining the reason of dropping connection */
-  gpr_slice optional_drop_message;
 };
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -439,6 +436,9 @@ typedef struct {
   bool seen_error;
   bool exceeded_metadata_size;
 
+  /** the error that resulted in this stream being removed */
+  grpc_error *removal_error;
+
   bool published_initial_metadata;
   bool published_trailing_metadata;
   bool final_metadata_requested;
@@ -447,6 +447,8 @@ typedef struct {
   grpc_chttp2_incoming_metadata_buffer received_trailing_metadata;
 
   grpc_chttp2_incoming_frame_queue incoming_frames;
+
+  gpr_timespec deadline;
 } grpc_chttp2_stream_global;
 
 typedef struct {

data/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/parsing.c

@@ -236,9 +236,10 @@ void grpc_chttp2_publish_reads(
                                            GRPC_ERROR_INT_HTTP2_ERROR, &reason);
       if (has_reason && reason != GRPC_CHTTP2_NO_ERROR) {
         grpc_status_code status_code =
-            has_reason ? grpc_chttp2_http2_error_to_grpc_status(
-                             (grpc_chttp2_error_code)reason)
-                       : GRPC_STATUS_INTERNAL;
+            has_reason
+                ? grpc_chttp2_http2_error_to_grpc_status(
+                      (grpc_chttp2_error_code)reason, stream_global->deadline)
+                : GRPC_STATUS_INTERNAL;
         const char *status_details =
             grpc_error_string(stream_parsing->forced_close_error);
         gpr_slice slice_details = gpr_slice_from_copied_string(status_details);

data/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/status_conversion.c

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ int grpc_chttp2_grpc_status_to_http2_error(grpc_status_code status) {
       return GRPC_CHTTP2_NO_ERROR;
     case GRPC_STATUS_CANCELLED:
       return GRPC_CHTTP2_CANCEL;
+    case GRPC_STATUS_DEADLINE_EXCEEDED:
+      return GRPC_CHTTP2_CANCEL;
     case GRPC_STATUS_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED:
       return GRPC_CHTTP2_ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM;
     case GRPC_STATUS_PERMISSION_DENIED:
@@ -51,13 +53,17 @@ int grpc_chttp2_grpc_status_to_http2_error(grpc_status_code status) {
 }
 
 grpc_status_code grpc_chttp2_http2_error_to_grpc_status(
-    grpc_chttp2_error_code error) {
+    grpc_chttp2_error_code error, gpr_timespec deadline) {
   switch (error) {
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_NO_ERROR:
       /* should never be received */
       return GRPC_STATUS_INTERNAL;
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_CANCEL:
-      return GRPC_STATUS_CANCELLED;
+      /* http2 cancel translates to STATUS_CANCELLED iff deadline hasn't been
+       * exceeded */
+      return gpr_time_cmp(gpr_now(deadline.clock_type), deadline) >= 0
+                 ? GRPC_STATUS_DEADLINE_EXCEEDED
+                 : GRPC_STATUS_CANCELLED;
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM:
       return GRPC_STATUS_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED;
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_INADEQUATE_SECURITY:

data/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/status_conversion.h

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 grpc_chttp2_error_code grpc_chttp2_grpc_status_to_http2_error(
     grpc_status_code status);
 grpc_status_code grpc_chttp2_http2_error_to_grpc_status(
-    grpc_chttp2_error_code error);
+    grpc_chttp2_error_code error, gpr_timespec deadline);
 
 /* Conversion of HTTP status codes (:status) to grpc status codes */
 grpc_status_code grpc_chttp2_http2_status_to_grpc_status(int status);

data/src/core/lib/channel/channel_stack.c

@@ -263,6 +263,17 @@ void grpc_call_element_send_cancel(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                    grpc_call_element *cur_elem) {
   grpc_transport_stream_op op;
   memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
-  op.cancel_with_status = GRPC_STATUS_CANCELLED;
+  op.cancel_error = GRPC_ERROR_CANCELLED;
+  grpc_call_next_op(exec_ctx, cur_elem, &op);
+}
+
+void grpc_call_element_send_cancel_with_message(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                                grpc_call_element *cur_elem,
+                                                grpc_status_code status,
+                                                gpr_slice *optional_message) {
+  grpc_transport_stream_op op;
+  memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
+  grpc_transport_stream_op_add_cancellation_with_message(&op, status,
+                                                         optional_message);
   grpc_call_next_op(exec_ctx, cur_elem, &op);
 }

data/src/core/lib/channel/channel_stack.h

@@ -273,6 +273,11 @@ void grpc_call_log_op(char *file, int line, gpr_log_severity severity,
 void grpc_call_element_send_cancel(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                    grpc_call_element *cur_elem);
 
+void grpc_call_element_send_cancel_with_message(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                                grpc_call_element *cur_elem,
+                                                grpc_status_code status,
+                                                gpr_slice *optional_message);
+
 extern int grpc_trace_channel;
 
 #define GRPC_CALL_LOG_OP(sev, elem, op) \

data/src/core/lib/channel/http_client_filter.c

@@ -76,7 +76,13 @@ static grpc_mdelem *client_recv_filter(void *user_data, grpc_mdelem *md) {
   if (md == GRPC_MDELEM_STATUS_200) {
     return NULL;
   } else if (md->key == GRPC_MDSTR_STATUS) {
-    grpc_call_element_send_cancel(a->exec_ctx, a->elem);
+    char *message_string;
+    gpr_asprintf(&message_string, "Received http2 header with status: %s",
+                 grpc_mdstr_as_c_string(md->value));
+    gpr_slice message = gpr_slice_from_copied_string(message_string);
+    gpr_free(message_string);
+    grpc_call_element_send_cancel_with_message(a->exec_ctx, a->elem,
+                                               GRPC_STATUS_CANCELLED, &message);
     return NULL;
   } else if (md == GRPC_MDELEM_CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_SLASH_GRPC) {
     return NULL;

data/src/core/lib/debug/trace.c

@@ -88,7 +88,11 @@ static void parse(const char *s) {
   split(s, &strings, &nstrings);
 
   for (i = 0; i < nstrings; i++) {
-    grpc_tracer_set_enabled(strings[i], 1);
+    if (strings[i][0] == '-') {
+      grpc_tracer_set_enabled(strings[i] + 1, 0);
+    } else {
+      grpc_tracer_set_enabled(strings[i], 1);
+    }
   }
 
   for (i = 0; i < nstrings; i++) {
@@ -117,7 +121,7 @@ int grpc_tracer_set_enabled(const char *name, int enabled) {
   tracer *t;
   if (0 == strcmp(name, "all")) {
     for (t = tracers; t; t = t->next) {
-      *t->flag = 1;
+      *t->flag = enabled;
     }
   } else {
     int found = 0;

data/src/core/lib/iomgr/error.c

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include <grpc/status.h>
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
 #include <grpc/support/avl.h>
 #include <grpc/support/log.h>
@@ -47,6 +48,8 @@
 #include <grpc/support/log_windows.h>
 #endif
 
+#include "src/core/lib/profiling/timers.h"
+
 static void destroy_integer(void *key) {}
 
 static void *copy_integer(void *key) { return key; }
@@ -115,6 +118,8 @@ static const char *error_int_name(grpc_error_ints key) {
       return "wsa_error";
     case GRPC_ERROR_INT_HTTP_STATUS:
       return "http_status";
+    case GRPC_ERROR_INT_LIMIT:
+      return "limit";
   }
   GPR_UNREACHABLE_CODE(return "unknown");
 }
@@ -169,8 +174,8 @@ static bool is_special(grpc_error *err) {
 grpc_error *grpc_error_ref(grpc_error *err, const char *file, int line,
                            const char *func) {
   if (is_special(err)) return err;
-  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%p: %d -> %d [%s:%d %s]", err, err->refs.count,
-          err->refs.count + 1, file, line, func);
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%p: %" PRIdPTR " -> %" PRIdPTR " [%s:%d %s]", err,
+          err->refs.count, err->refs.count + 1, file, line, func);
   gpr_ref(&err->refs);
   return err;
 }
@@ -195,8 +200,8 @@ static void error_destroy(grpc_error *err) {
 void grpc_error_unref(grpc_error *err, const char *file, int line,
                       const char *func) {
   if (is_special(err)) return;
-  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%p: %d -> %d [%s:%d %s]", err, err->refs.count,
-          err->refs.count - 1, file, line, func);
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%p: %" PRIdPTR " -> %" PRIdPTR " [%s:%d %s]", err,
+          err->refs.count, err->refs.count - 1, file, line, func);
   if (gpr_unref(&err->refs)) {
     error_destroy(err);
   }
@@ -213,6 +218,7 @@ void grpc_error_unref(grpc_error *err) {
 grpc_error *grpc_error_create(const char *file, int line, const char *desc,
                               grpc_error **referencing,
                               size_t num_referencing) {
+  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_error_create", 0);
   grpc_error *err = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*err));
   if (err == NULL) {  // TODO(ctiller): make gpr_malloc return NULL
     return GRPC_ERROR_OOM;
@@ -238,57 +244,91 @@ grpc_error *grpc_error_create(const char *file, int line, const char *desc,
                            (void *)(uintptr_t)GRPC_ERROR_TIME_CREATED,
                            box_time(gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME)));
   gpr_ref_init(&err->refs, 1);
+  GPR_TIMER_END("grpc_error_create", 0);
   return err;
 }
 
 static grpc_error *copy_error_and_unref(grpc_error *in) {
+  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("copy_error_and_unref", 0);
+  grpc_error *out;
   if (is_special(in)) {
-    if (in == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("no error");
-    if (in == GRPC_ERROR_OOM) return GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("oom");
-    if (in == GRPC_ERROR_CANCELLED) return GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("cancelled");
-    return GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("unknown");
-  }
-  grpc_error *out = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*out));
+    if (in == GRPC_ERROR_NONE)
+      out = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("no error");
+    else if (in == GRPC_ERROR_OOM)
+      out = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("oom");
+    else if (in == GRPC_ERROR_CANCELLED)
+      out =
+          grpc_error_set_int(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("cancelled"),
+                             GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS, GRPC_STATUS_CANCELLED);
+    else
+      out = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("unknown");
+  } else {
+    out = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*out));
 #ifdef GRPC_ERROR_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
-  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%p create copying", out);
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%p create copying", out);
 #endif
-  out->ints = gpr_avl_ref(in->ints);
-  out->strs = gpr_avl_ref(in->strs);
-  out->errs = gpr_avl_ref(in->errs);
-  out->times = gpr_avl_ref(in->times);
-  out->next_err = in->next_err;
-  gpr_ref_init(&out->refs, 1);
-  GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(in);
+    out->ints = gpr_avl_ref(in->ints);
+    out->strs = gpr_avl_ref(in->strs);
+    out->errs = gpr_avl_ref(in->errs);
+    out->times = gpr_avl_ref(in->times);
+    out->next_err = in->next_err;
+    gpr_ref_init(&out->refs, 1);
+    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(in);
+  }
+  GPR_TIMER_END("copy_error_and_unref", 0);
   return out;
 }
 
 grpc_error *grpc_error_set_int(grpc_error *src, grpc_error_ints which,
                                intptr_t value) {
+  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_error_set_int", 0);
   grpc_error *new = copy_error_and_unref(src);
   new->ints = gpr_avl_add(new->ints, (void *)(uintptr_t)which, (void *)value);
+  GPR_TIMER_END("grpc_error_set_int", 0);
   return new;
 }
 
 bool grpc_error_get_int(grpc_error *err, grpc_error_ints which, intptr_t *p) {
+  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_error_get_int", 0);
   void *pp;
+  if (is_special(err)) {
+    if (err == GRPC_ERROR_CANCELLED && which == GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS) {
+      *p = GRPC_STATUS_CANCELLED;
+      GPR_TIMER_END("grpc_error_get_int", 0);
+      return true;
+    }
+    GPR_TIMER_END("grpc_error_get_int", 0);
+    return false;
+  }
   if (gpr_avl_maybe_get(err->ints, (void *)(uintptr_t)which, &pp)) {
     if (p != NULL) *p = (intptr_t)pp;
+    GPR_TIMER_END("grpc_error_get_int", 0);
     return true;
   }
+  GPR_TIMER_END("grpc_error_get_int", 0);
   return false;
 }
 
 grpc_error *grpc_error_set_str(grpc_error *src, grpc_error_strs which,
                                const char *value) {
+  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_error_set_str", 0);
   grpc_error *new = copy_error_and_unref(src);
   new->strs =
       gpr_avl_add(new->strs, (void *)(uintptr_t)which, gpr_strdup(value));
+  GPR_TIMER_END("grpc_error_set_str", 0);
   return new;
 }
 
+const char *grpc_error_get_str(grpc_error *err, grpc_error_strs which) {
+  if (is_special(err)) return NULL;
+  return gpr_avl_get(err->strs, (void *)(uintptr_t)which);
+}
+
 grpc_error *grpc_error_add_child(grpc_error *src, grpc_error *child) {
+  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_error_add_child", 0);
   grpc_error *new = copy_error_and_unref(src);
   new->errs = gpr_avl_add(new->errs, (void *)(new->next_err++), child);
+  GPR_TIMER_END("grpc_error_add_child", 0);
   return new;
 }
 
@@ -480,6 +520,7 @@ void grpc_error_free_string(const char *str) {
 }
 
 const char *grpc_error_string(grpc_error *err) {
+  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_error_string", 0);
   if (err == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return no_error_string;
   if (err == GRPC_ERROR_OOM) return oom_error_string;
   if (err == GRPC_ERROR_CANCELLED) return cancelled_error_string;
@@ -496,7 +537,9 @@ const char *grpc_error_string(grpc_error *err) {
 
   qsort(kvs.kvs, kvs.num_kvs, sizeof(kv_pair), cmp_kvs);
 
-  return finish_kvs(&kvs);
+  const char *out = finish_kvs(&kvs);
+  GPR_TIMER_END("grpc_error_string", 0);
+  return out;
 }
 
 grpc_error *grpc_os_error(const char *file, int line, int err,

data/src/core/lib/iomgr/error.h

@@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ typedef enum {
   GRPC_ERROR_INT_FD,
   /// HTTP status (i.e. 404)
   GRPC_ERROR_INT_HTTP_STATUS,
+  /// context sensitive limit associated with the error
+  GRPC_ERROR_INT_LIMIT,
 } grpc_error_ints;
 
 typedef enum {
@@ -163,23 +165,25 @@ void grpc_error_unref(grpc_error *err);
 #endif
 
 grpc_error *grpc_error_set_int(grpc_error *src, grpc_error_ints which,
-                               intptr_t value);
+                               intptr_t value) GRPC_MUST_USE_RESULT;
 bool grpc_error_get_int(grpc_error *error, grpc_error_ints which, intptr_t *p);
 grpc_error *grpc_error_set_time(grpc_error *src, grpc_error_times which,
-                                gpr_timespec value);
+                                gpr_timespec value) GRPC_MUST_USE_RESULT;
 grpc_error *grpc_error_set_str(grpc_error *src, grpc_error_strs which,
-                               const char *value);
+                               const char *value) GRPC_MUST_USE_RESULT;
+const char *grpc_error_get_str(grpc_error *error, grpc_error_strs which);
 /// Add a child error: an error that is believed to have contributed to this
 /// error occurring. Allows root causing high level errors from lower level
 /// errors that contributed to them.
-grpc_error *grpc_error_add_child(grpc_error *src, grpc_error *child);
+grpc_error *grpc_error_add_child(grpc_error *src,
+                                 grpc_error *child) GRPC_MUST_USE_RESULT;
 grpc_error *grpc_os_error(const char *file, int line, int err,
-                          const char *call_name);
+                          const char *call_name) GRPC_MUST_USE_RESULT;
 /// create an error associated with errno!=0 (an 'operating system' error)
 #define GRPC_OS_ERROR(err, call_name) \
   grpc_os_error(__FILE__, __LINE__, err, call_name)
 grpc_error *grpc_wsa_error(const char *file, int line, int err,
-                           const char *call_name);
+                           const char *call_name) GRPC_MUST_USE_RESULT;
 /// windows only: create an error associated with WSAGetLastError()!=0
 #define GRPC_WSA_ERROR(err, call_name) \
   grpc_wsa_error(__FILE__, __LINE__, err, call_name)

data/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epoll_linux.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1872 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <grpc/grpc_posix.h>
+#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
+
+/* This polling engine is only relevant on linux kernels supporting epoll() */
+#ifdef GPR_LINUX_EPOLL
+
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epoll_linux.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
+#include <grpc/support/log.h>
+#include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
+#include <grpc/support/tls.h>
+#include <grpc/support/useful.h>
+
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_posix.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/iomgr_internal.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/wakeup_fd_posix.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/profiling/timers.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/support/block_annotate.h"
+
+/* TODO: sreek - Move this to init.c and initialize this like other tracers. */
+static int grpc_polling_trace = 0; /* Disabled by default */
+#define GRPC_POLLING_TRACE(fmt, ...)       \
+  if (grpc_polling_trace) {                \
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, (fmt), __VA_ARGS__); \
+  }
+
+static int grpc_wakeup_signal = -1;
+static bool is_grpc_wakeup_signal_initialized = false;
+
+/* Implements the function defined in grpc_posix.h. This function might be
+ * called before even calling grpc_init() to set either a different signal to
+ * use. If signum == -1, then the use of signals is disabled */
+void grpc_use_signal(int signum) {
+  grpc_wakeup_signal = signum;
+  is_grpc_wakeup_signal_initialized = true;
+
+  if (grpc_wakeup_signal < 0) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+            "Use of signals is disabled. Epoll engine will not be used");
+  } else {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "epoll engine will be using signal: %d",
+            grpc_wakeup_signal);
+  }
+}
+
+struct polling_island;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Fd Declarations
+ */
+struct grpc_fd {
+  int fd;
+  /* refst format:
+       bit 0    : 1=Active / 0=Orphaned
+       bits 1-n : refcount
+     Ref/Unref by two to avoid altering the orphaned bit */
+  gpr_atm refst;
+
+  gpr_mu mu;
+
+  /* Indicates that the fd is shutdown and that any pending read/write closures
+     should fail */
+  bool shutdown;
+
+  /* The fd is either closed or we relinquished control of it. In either cases,
+     this indicates that the 'fd' on this structure is no longer valid */
+  bool orphaned;
+
+  /* TODO: sreek - Move this to a lockfree implementation */
+  grpc_closure *read_closure;
+  grpc_closure *write_closure;
+
+  /* The polling island to which this fd belongs to and the mutex protecting the
+     the field */
+  gpr_mu pi_mu;
+  struct polling_island *polling_island;
+
+  struct grpc_fd *freelist_next;
+  grpc_closure *on_done_closure;
+
+  /* The pollset that last noticed that the fd is readable */
+  grpc_pollset *read_notifier_pollset;
+
+  grpc_iomgr_object iomgr_object;
+};
+
+/* Reference counting for fds */
+// #define GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
+#ifdef GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
+static void fd_ref(grpc_fd *fd, const char *reason, const char *file, int line);
+static void fd_unref(grpc_fd *fd, const char *reason, const char *file,
+                     int line);
+#define GRPC_FD_REF(fd, reason) fd_ref(fd, reason, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+#define GRPC_FD_UNREF(fd, reason) fd_unref(fd, reason, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+#else
+static void fd_ref(grpc_fd *fd);
+static void fd_unref(grpc_fd *fd);
+#define GRPC_FD_REF(fd, reason) fd_ref(fd)
+#define GRPC_FD_UNREF(fd, reason) fd_unref(fd)
+#endif
+
+static void fd_global_init(void);
+static void fd_global_shutdown(void);
+
+#define CLOSURE_NOT_READY ((grpc_closure *)0)
+#define CLOSURE_READY ((grpc_closure *)1)
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Polling island Declarations
+ */
+
+// #define GRPC_PI_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
+#ifdef GRPC_PI_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
+
+#define PI_ADD_REF(p, r) pi_add_ref_dbg((p), (r), __FILE__, __LINE__)
+#define PI_UNREF(p, r) pi_unref_dbg((p), (r), __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+#else /* defined(GRPC_PI_REF_COUNT_DEBUG) */
+
+#define PI_ADD_REF(p, r) pi_add_ref((p))
+#define PI_UNREF(p, r) pi_unref((p))
+
+#endif /* !defined(GPRC_PI_REF_COUNT_DEBUG) */
+
+typedef struct polling_island {
+  gpr_mu mu;
+  /* Ref count. Use PI_ADD_REF() and PI_UNREF() macros to increment/decrement
+     the refcount.
+     Once the ref count becomes zero, this structure is destroyed which means
+     we should ensure that there is never a scenario where a PI_ADD_REF() is
+     racing with a PI_UNREF() that just made the ref_count zero. */
+  gpr_refcount ref_count;
+
+  /* Pointer to the polling_island this merged into.
+   * merged_to value is only set once in polling_island's lifetime (and that too
+   * only if the island is merged with another island). Because of this, we can
+   * use gpr_atm type here so that we can do atomic access on this and reduce
+   * lock contention on 'mu' mutex.
+   *
+   * Note that if this field is not NULL (i.e not 0), all the remaining fields
+   * (except mu and ref_count) are invalid and must be ignored. */
+  gpr_atm merged_to;
+
+  /* The fd of the underlying epoll set */
+  int epoll_fd;
+
+  /* The file descriptors in the epoll set */
+  size_t fd_cnt;
+  size_t fd_capacity;
+  grpc_fd **fds;
+
+  /* Polling islands that are no longer needed are kept in a freelist so that
+     they can be reused. This field points to the next polling island in the
+     free list */
+  struct polling_island *next_free;
+} polling_island;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Pollset Declarations
+ */
+struct grpc_pollset_worker {
+  /* Thread id of this worker */
+  pthread_t pt_id;
+
+  /* Used to prevent a worker from getting kicked multiple times */
+  gpr_atm is_kicked;
+  struct grpc_pollset_worker *next;
+  struct grpc_pollset_worker *prev;
+};
+
+struct grpc_pollset {
+  gpr_mu mu;
+  grpc_pollset_worker root_worker;
+  bool kicked_without_pollers;
+
+  bool shutting_down;          /* Is the pollset shutting down ? */
+  bool finish_shutdown_called; /* Is the 'finish_shutdown_locked()' called ? */
+  grpc_closure *shutdown_done; /* Called after after shutdown is complete */
+
+  /* The polling island to which this pollset belongs to */
+  struct polling_island *polling_island;
+};
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Pollset-set Declarations
+ */
+/* TODO: sreek - Change the pollset_set implementation such that a pollset_set
+ * directly points to a polling_island (and adding an fd/pollset/pollset_set to
+ * the current pollset_set would result in polling island merges. This would
+ * remove the need to maintain fd_count here. This will also significantly
+ * simplify the grpc_fd structure since we would no longer need to explicitly
+ * maintain the orphaned state */
+struct grpc_pollset_set {
+  gpr_mu mu;
+
+  size_t pollset_count;
+  size_t pollset_capacity;
+  grpc_pollset **pollsets;
+
+  size_t pollset_set_count;
+  size_t pollset_set_capacity;
+  struct grpc_pollset_set **pollset_sets;
+
+  size_t fd_count;
+  size_t fd_capacity;
+  grpc_fd **fds;
+};
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Common helpers
+ */
+
+static void append_error(grpc_error **composite, grpc_error *error,
+                         const char *desc) {
+  if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return;
+  if (*composite == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    *composite = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE(desc);
+  }
+  *composite = grpc_error_add_child(*composite, error);
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Polling island Definitions
+ */
+
+/* The wakeup fd that is used to wake up all threads in a Polling island. This
+   is useful in the polling island merge operation where we need to wakeup all
+   the threads currently polling the smaller polling island (so that they can
+   start polling the new/merged polling island)
+
+   NOTE: This fd is initialized to be readable and MUST NOT be consumed i.e the
+   threads that woke up MUST NOT call grpc_wakeup_fd_consume_wakeup() */
+static grpc_wakeup_fd polling_island_wakeup_fd;
+
+/* Polling island freelist */
+static gpr_mu g_pi_freelist_mu;
+static polling_island *g_pi_freelist = NULL;
+
+static void polling_island_delete(); /* Forward declaration */
+
+#ifdef GRPC_TSAN
+/* Currently TSAN may incorrectly flag data races between epoll_ctl and
+   epoll_wait for any grpc_fd structs that are added to the epoll set via
+   epoll_ctl and are returned (within a very short window) via epoll_wait().
+
+   To work-around this race, we establish a happens-before relation between
+   the code just-before epoll_ctl() and the code after epoll_wait() by using
+   this atomic */
+gpr_atm g_epoll_sync;
+#endif /* defined(GRPC_TSAN) */
+
+#ifdef GRPC_PI_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
+void pi_add_ref(polling_island *pi);
+void pi_unref(polling_island *pi);
+
+void pi_add_ref_dbg(polling_island *pi, char *reason, char *file, int line) {
+  long old_cnt = gpr_atm_acq_load(&(pi->ref_count.count));
+  pi_add_ref(pi);
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "Add ref pi: %p, old: %ld -> new:%ld (%s) - (%s, %d)",
+          (void *)pi, old_cnt, old_cnt + 1, reason, file, line);
+}
+
+void pi_unref_dbg(polling_island *pi, char *reason, char *file, int line) {
+  long old_cnt = gpr_atm_acq_load(&(pi->ref_count.count));
+  pi_unref(pi);
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "Unref pi: %p, old:%ld -> new:%ld (%s) - (%s, %d)",
+          (void *)pi, old_cnt, (old_cnt - 1), reason, file, line);
+}
+#endif
+
+void pi_add_ref(polling_island *pi) { gpr_ref(&pi->ref_count); }
+
+void pi_unref(polling_island *pi) {
+  /* If ref count went to zero, delete the polling island.
+     Note that this deletion not be done under a lock. Once the ref count goes
+     to zero, we are guaranteed that no one else holds a reference to the
+     polling island (and that there is no racing pi_add_ref() call either).
+
+     Also, if we are deleting the polling island and the merged_to field is
+     non-empty, we should remove a ref to the merged_to polling island
+   */
+  if (gpr_unref(&pi->ref_count)) {
+    polling_island *next = (polling_island *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&pi->merged_to);
+    polling_island_delete(pi);
+    if (next != NULL) {
+      PI_UNREF(next, "pi_delete"); /* Recursive call */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* The caller is expected to hold pi->mu lock before calling this function */
+static void polling_island_add_fds_locked(polling_island *pi, grpc_fd **fds,
+                                          size_t fd_count, bool add_fd_refs,
+                                          grpc_error **error) {
+  int err;
+  size_t i;
+  struct epoll_event ev;
+  char *err_msg;
+  const char *err_desc = "polling_island_add_fds";
+
+#ifdef GRPC_TSAN
+  /* See the definition of g_epoll_sync for more context */
+  gpr_atm_rel_store(&g_epoll_sync, (gpr_atm)0);
+#endif /* defined(GRPC_TSAN) */
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fd_count; i++) {
+    ev.events = (uint32_t)(EPOLLIN | EPOLLOUT | EPOLLET);
+    ev.data.ptr = fds[i];
+    err = epoll_ctl(pi->epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fds[i]->fd, &ev);
+
+    if (err < 0) {
+      if (errno != EEXIST) {
+        gpr_asprintf(
+            &err_msg,
+            "epoll_ctl (epoll_fd: %d) add fd: %d failed with error: %d (%s)",
+            pi->epoll_fd, fds[i]->fd, errno, strerror(errno));
+        append_error(error, GRPC_OS_ERROR(errno, err_msg), err_desc);
+        gpr_free(err_msg);
+      }
+
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (pi->fd_cnt == pi->fd_capacity) {
+      pi->fd_capacity = GPR_MAX(pi->fd_capacity + 8, pi->fd_cnt * 3 / 2);
+      pi->fds = gpr_realloc(pi->fds, sizeof(grpc_fd *) * pi->fd_capacity);
+    }
+
+    pi->fds[pi->fd_cnt++] = fds[i];
+    if (add_fd_refs) {
+      GRPC_FD_REF(fds[i], "polling_island");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* The caller is expected to hold pi->mu before calling this */
+static void polling_island_add_wakeup_fd_locked(polling_island *pi,
+                                                grpc_wakeup_fd *wakeup_fd,
+                                                grpc_error **error) {
+  struct epoll_event ev;
+  int err;
+  char *err_msg;
+  const char *err_desc = "polling_island_add_wakeup_fd";
+
+  ev.events = (uint32_t)(EPOLLIN | EPOLLET);
+  ev.data.ptr = wakeup_fd;
+  err = epoll_ctl(pi->epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD,
+                  GRPC_WAKEUP_FD_GET_READ_FD(wakeup_fd), &ev);
+  if (err < 0 && errno != EEXIST) {
+    gpr_asprintf(&err_msg,
+                 "epoll_ctl (epoll_fd: %d) add wakeup fd: %d failed with "
+                 "error: %d (%s)",
+                 pi->epoll_fd,
+                 GRPC_WAKEUP_FD_GET_READ_FD(&grpc_global_wakeup_fd), errno,
+                 strerror(errno));
+    append_error(error, GRPC_OS_ERROR(errno, err_msg), err_desc);
+    gpr_free(err_msg);
+  }
+}
+
+/* The caller is expected to hold pi->mu lock before calling this function */
+static void polling_island_remove_all_fds_locked(polling_island *pi,
+                                                 bool remove_fd_refs,
+                                                 grpc_error **error) {
+  int err;
+  size_t i;
+  char *err_msg;
+  const char *err_desc = "polling_island_remove_fds";
+
+  for (i = 0; i < pi->fd_cnt; i++) {
+    err = epoll_ctl(pi->epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, pi->fds[i]->fd, NULL);
+    if (err < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
+      gpr_asprintf(&err_msg,
+                   "epoll_ctl (epoll_fd: %d) delete fds[%zu]: %d failed with "
+                   "error: %d (%s)",
+                   pi->epoll_fd, i, pi->fds[i]->fd, errno, strerror(errno));
+      append_error(error, GRPC_OS_ERROR(errno, err_msg), err_desc);
+      gpr_free(err_msg);
+    }
+
+    if (remove_fd_refs) {
+      GRPC_FD_UNREF(pi->fds[i], "polling_island");
+    }
+  }
+
+  pi->fd_cnt = 0;
+}
+
+/* The caller is expected to hold pi->mu lock before calling this function */
+static void polling_island_remove_fd_locked(polling_island *pi, grpc_fd *fd,
+                                            bool is_fd_closed,
+                                            grpc_error **error) {
+  int err;
+  size_t i;
+  char *err_msg;
+  const char *err_desc = "polling_island_remove_fd";
+
+  /* If fd is already closed, then it would have been automatically been removed
+     from the epoll set */
+  if (!is_fd_closed) {
+    err = epoll_ctl(pi->epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, fd->fd, NULL);
+    if (err < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
+      gpr_asprintf(
+          &err_msg,
+          "epoll_ctl (epoll_fd: %d) del fd: %d failed with error: %d (%s)",
+          pi->epoll_fd, fd->fd, errno, strerror(errno));
+      append_error(error, GRPC_OS_ERROR(errno, err_msg), err_desc);
+      gpr_free(err_msg);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < pi->fd_cnt; i++) {
+    if (pi->fds[i] == fd) {
+      pi->fds[i] = pi->fds[--pi->fd_cnt];
+      GRPC_FD_UNREF(fd, "polling_island");
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* Might return NULL in case of an error */
+static polling_island *polling_island_create(grpc_fd *initial_fd,
+                                             grpc_error **error) {
+  polling_island *pi = NULL;
+  char *err_msg;
+  const char *err_desc = "polling_island_create";
+
+  /* Try to get one from the polling island freelist */
+  gpr_mu_lock(&g_pi_freelist_mu);
+  if (g_pi_freelist != NULL) {
+    pi = g_pi_freelist;
+    g_pi_freelist = g_pi_freelist->next_free;
+    pi->next_free = NULL;
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&g_pi_freelist_mu);
+
+  /* Create new polling island if we could not get one from the free list */
+  if (pi == NULL) {
+    pi = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*pi));
+    gpr_mu_init(&pi->mu);
+    pi->fd_cnt = 0;
+    pi->fd_capacity = 0;
+    pi->fds = NULL;
+  }
+
+  gpr_ref_init(&pi->ref_count, 0);
+  gpr_atm_rel_store(&pi->merged_to, (gpr_atm)NULL);
+
+  pi->epoll_fd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
+
+  if (pi->epoll_fd < 0) {
+    gpr_asprintf(&err_msg, "epoll_create1 failed with error %d (%s)", errno,
+                 strerror(errno));
+    append_error(error, GRPC_OS_ERROR(errno, err_msg), err_desc);
+    gpr_free(err_msg);
+  } else {
+    polling_island_add_wakeup_fd_locked(pi, &grpc_global_wakeup_fd, error);
+    pi->next_free = NULL;
+
+    if (initial_fd != NULL) {
+      /* Lock the polling island here just in case we got this structure from
+         the freelist and the polling island lock was not released yet (by the
+         code that adds the polling island to the freelist) */
+      gpr_mu_lock(&pi->mu);
+      polling_island_add_fds_locked(pi, &initial_fd, 1, true, error);
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&pi->mu);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return pi;
+}
+
+static void polling_island_delete(polling_island *pi) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(pi->fd_cnt == 0);
+
+  gpr_atm_rel_store(&pi->merged_to, (gpr_atm)NULL);
+
+  close(pi->epoll_fd);
+  pi->epoll_fd = -1;
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&g_pi_freelist_mu);
+  pi->next_free = g_pi_freelist;
+  g_pi_freelist = pi;
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&g_pi_freelist_mu);
+}
+
+/* Attempts to gets the last polling island in the linked list (liked by the
+ * 'merged_to' field). Since this does not lock the polling island, there are no
+ * guarantees that the island returned is the last island */
+static polling_island *polling_island_maybe_get_latest(polling_island *pi) {
+  polling_island *next = (polling_island *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&pi->merged_to);
+  while (next != NULL) {
+    pi = next;
+    next = (polling_island *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&pi->merged_to);
+  }
+
+  return pi;
+}
+
+/* Gets the lock on the *latest* polling island i.e the last polling island in
+   the linked list (linked by the 'merged_to' field). Call gpr_mu_unlock on the
+   returned polling island's mu.
+   Usage: To lock/unlock polling island "pi", do the following:
+      polling_island *pi_latest = polling_island_lock(pi);
+      ...
+      ... critical section ..
+      ...
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&pi_latest->mu); // NOTE: use pi_latest->mu. NOT pi->mu */
+static polling_island *polling_island_lock(polling_island *pi) {
+  polling_island *next = NULL;
+
+  while (true) {
+    next = (polling_island *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&pi->merged_to);
+    if (next == NULL) {
+      /* Looks like 'pi' is the last node in the linked list but unless we check
+         this by holding the pi->mu lock, we cannot be sure (i.e without the
+         pi->mu lock, we don't prevent island merges).
+         To be absolutely sure, check once more by holding the pi->mu lock */
+      gpr_mu_lock(&pi->mu);
+      next = (polling_island *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&pi->merged_to);
+      if (next == NULL) {
+        /* pi is infact the last node and we have the pi->mu lock. we're done */
+        break;
+      }
+
+      /* pi->merged_to is not NULL i.e pi isn't the last node anymore. pi->mu
+       * isn't the lock we are interested in. Continue traversing the list */
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&pi->mu);
+    }
+
+    pi = next;
+  }
+
+  return pi;
+}
+
+/* Gets the lock on the *latest* polling islands in the linked lists pointed by
+   *p and *q (and also updates *p and *q to point to the latest polling islands)
+
+   This function is needed because calling the following block of code to obtain
+   locks on polling islands (*p and *q) is prone to deadlocks.
+     {
+       polling_island_lock(*p, true);
+       polling_island_lock(*q, true);
+     }
+
+   Usage/example:
+     polling_island *p1;
+     polling_island *p2;
+     ..
+     polling_island_lock_pair(&p1, &p2);
+     ..
+     .. Critical section with both p1 and p2 locked
+     ..
+     // Release locks: Always call polling_island_unlock_pair() to release locks
+     polling_island_unlock_pair(p1, p2);
+*/
+static void polling_island_lock_pair(polling_island **p, polling_island **q) {
+  polling_island *pi_1 = *p;
+  polling_island *pi_2 = *q;
+  polling_island *next_1 = NULL;
+  polling_island *next_2 = NULL;
+
+  /* The algorithm is simple:
+      - Go to the last polling islands in the linked lists *pi_1 and *pi_2 (and
+        keep updating pi_1 and pi_2)
+      - Then obtain locks on the islands by following a lock order rule of
+        locking polling_island with lower address first
+           Special case: Before obtaining the locks, check if pi_1 and pi_2 are
+           pointing to the same island. If that is the case, we can just call
+           polling_island_lock()
+      - After obtaining both the locks, double check that the polling islands
+        are still the last polling islands in their respective linked lists
+        (this is because there might have been polling island merges before
+        we got the lock)
+      - If the polling islands are the last islands, we are done. If not,
+        release the locks and continue the process from the first step */
+  while (true) {
+    next_1 = (polling_island *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&pi_1->merged_to);
+    while (next_1 != NULL) {
+      pi_1 = next_1;
+      next_1 = (polling_island *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&pi_1->merged_to);
+    }
+
+    next_2 = (polling_island *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&pi_2->merged_to);
+    while (next_2 != NULL) {
+      pi_2 = next_2;
+      next_2 = (polling_island *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&pi_2->merged_to);
+    }
+
+    if (pi_1 == pi_2) {
+      pi_1 = pi_2 = polling_island_lock(pi_1);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (pi_1 < pi_2) {
+      gpr_mu_lock(&pi_1->mu);
+      gpr_mu_lock(&pi_2->mu);
+    } else {
+      gpr_mu_lock(&pi_2->mu);
+      gpr_mu_lock(&pi_1->mu);
+    }
+
+    next_1 = (polling_island *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&pi_1->merged_to);
+    next_2 = (polling_island *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&pi_2->merged_to);
+    if (next_1 == NULL && next_2 == NULL) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&pi_1->mu);
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&pi_2->mu);
+  }
+
+  *p = pi_1;
+  *q = pi_2;
+}
+
+static void polling_island_unlock_pair(polling_island *p, polling_island *q) {
+  if (p == q) {
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&p->mu);
+  } else {
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&p->mu);
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&q->mu);
+  }
+}
+
+static polling_island *polling_island_merge(polling_island *p,
+                                            polling_island *q,
+                                            grpc_error **error) {
+  /* Get locks on both the polling islands */
+  polling_island_lock_pair(&p, &q);
+
+  if (p != q) {
+    /* Make sure that p points to the polling island with fewer fds than q */
+    if (p->fd_cnt > q->fd_cnt) {
+      GPR_SWAP(polling_island *, p, q);
+    }
+
+    /* Merge p with q i.e move all the fds from p (The one with fewer fds) to q
+       Note that the refcounts on the fds being moved will not change here.
+       This is why the last param in the following two functions is 'false') */
+    polling_island_add_fds_locked(q, p->fds, p->fd_cnt, false, error);
+    polling_island_remove_all_fds_locked(p, false, error);
+
+    /* Wakeup all the pollers (if any) on p so that they pickup this change */
+    polling_island_add_wakeup_fd_locked(p, &polling_island_wakeup_fd, error);
+
+    /* Add the 'merged_to' link from p --> q */
+    gpr_atm_rel_store(&p->merged_to, (gpr_atm)q);
+    PI_ADD_REF(q, "pi_merge"); /* To account for the new incoming ref from p */
+  }
+  /* else if p == q, nothing needs to be done */
+
+  polling_island_unlock_pair(p, q);
+
+  /* Return the merged polling island (Note that no merge would have happened
+     if p == q which is ok) */
+  return q;
+}
+
+static grpc_error *polling_island_global_init() {
+  grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+
+  gpr_mu_init(&g_pi_freelist_mu);
+  g_pi_freelist = NULL;
+
+  error = grpc_wakeup_fd_init(&polling_island_wakeup_fd);
+  if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    error = grpc_wakeup_fd_wakeup(&polling_island_wakeup_fd);
+  }
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+static void polling_island_global_shutdown() {
+  polling_island *next;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&g_pi_freelist_mu);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&g_pi_freelist_mu);
+  while (g_pi_freelist != NULL) {
+    next = g_pi_freelist->next_free;
+    gpr_mu_destroy(&g_pi_freelist->mu);
+    gpr_free(g_pi_freelist->fds);
+    gpr_free(g_pi_freelist);
+    g_pi_freelist = next;
+  }
+  gpr_mu_destroy(&g_pi_freelist_mu);
+
+  grpc_wakeup_fd_destroy(&polling_island_wakeup_fd);
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Fd Definitions
+ */
+
+/* We need to keep a freelist not because of any concerns of malloc performance
+ * but instead so that implementations with multiple threads in (for example)
+ * epoll_wait deal with the race between pollset removal and incoming poll
+ * notifications.
+ *
+ * The problem is that the poller ultimately holds a reference to this
+ * object, so it is very difficult to know when is safe to free it, at least
+ * without some expensive synchronization.
+ *
+ * If we keep the object freelisted, in the worst case losing this race just
+ * becomes a spurious read notification on a reused fd.
+ */
+
+/* The alarm system needs to be able to wakeup 'some poller' sometimes
+ * (specifically when a new alarm needs to be triggered earlier than the next
+ * alarm 'epoch'). This wakeup_fd gives us something to alert on when such a
+ * case occurs. */
+
+/* TODO: sreek: Right now, this wakes up all pollers. In future we should make
+ * sure to wake up one polling thread (which can wake up other threads if
+ * needed) */
+grpc_wakeup_fd grpc_global_wakeup_fd;
+
+static grpc_fd *fd_freelist = NULL;
+static gpr_mu fd_freelist_mu;
+
+#ifdef GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
+#define REF_BY(fd, n, reason) ref_by(fd, n, reason, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+#define UNREF_BY(fd, n, reason) unref_by(fd, n, reason, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+static void ref_by(grpc_fd *fd, int n, const char *reason, const char *file,
+                   int line) {
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "FD %d %p   ref %d %ld -> %ld [%s; %s:%d]", fd->fd,
+          (void *)fd, n, gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst),
+          gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst) + n, reason, file, line);
+#else
+#define REF_BY(fd, n, reason) ref_by(fd, n)
+#define UNREF_BY(fd, n, reason) unref_by(fd, n)
+static void ref_by(grpc_fd *fd, int n) {
+#endif
+  GPR_ASSERT(gpr_atm_no_barrier_fetch_add(&fd->refst, n) > 0);
+}
+
+#ifdef GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
+static void unref_by(grpc_fd *fd, int n, const char *reason, const char *file,
+                     int line) {
+  gpr_atm old;
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "FD %d %p unref %d %ld -> %ld [%s; %s:%d]", fd->fd,
+          (void *)fd, n, gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst),
+          gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst) - n, reason, file, line);
+#else
+static void unref_by(grpc_fd *fd, int n) {
+  gpr_atm old;
+#endif
+  old = gpr_atm_full_fetch_add(&fd->refst, -n);
+  if (old == n) {
+    /* Add the fd to the freelist */
+    gpr_mu_lock(&fd_freelist_mu);
+    fd->freelist_next = fd_freelist;
+    fd_freelist = fd;
+    grpc_iomgr_unregister_object(&fd->iomgr_object);
+
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&fd_freelist_mu);
+  } else {
+    GPR_ASSERT(old > n);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Increment refcount by two to avoid changing the orphan bit */
+#ifdef GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
+static void fd_ref(grpc_fd *fd, const char *reason, const char *file,
+                   int line) {
+  ref_by(fd, 2, reason, file, line);
+}
+
+static void fd_unref(grpc_fd *fd, const char *reason, const char *file,
+                     int line) {
+  unref_by(fd, 2, reason, file, line);
+}
+#else
+static void fd_ref(grpc_fd *fd) { ref_by(fd, 2); }
+static void fd_unref(grpc_fd *fd) { unref_by(fd, 2); }
+#endif
+
+static void fd_global_init(void) { gpr_mu_init(&fd_freelist_mu); }
+
+static void fd_global_shutdown(void) {
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd_freelist_mu);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd_freelist_mu);
+  while (fd_freelist != NULL) {
+    grpc_fd *fd = fd_freelist;
+    fd_freelist = fd_freelist->freelist_next;
+    gpr_mu_destroy(&fd->mu);
+    gpr_free(fd);
+  }
+  gpr_mu_destroy(&fd_freelist_mu);
+}
+
+static grpc_fd *fd_create(int fd, const char *name) {
+  grpc_fd *new_fd = NULL;
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd_freelist_mu);
+  if (fd_freelist != NULL) {
+    new_fd = fd_freelist;
+    fd_freelist = fd_freelist->freelist_next;
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd_freelist_mu);
+
+  if (new_fd == NULL) {
+    new_fd = gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_fd));
+    gpr_mu_init(&new_fd->mu);
+    gpr_mu_init(&new_fd->pi_mu);
+  }
+
+  /* Note: It is not really needed to get the new_fd->mu lock here. If this is a
+     newly created fd (or an fd we got from the freelist), no one else would be
+     holding a lock to it anyway. */
+  gpr_mu_lock(&new_fd->mu);
+
+  gpr_atm_rel_store(&new_fd->refst, (gpr_atm)1);
+  new_fd->fd = fd;
+  new_fd->shutdown = false;
+  new_fd->orphaned = false;
+  new_fd->read_closure = CLOSURE_NOT_READY;
+  new_fd->write_closure = CLOSURE_NOT_READY;
+  new_fd->polling_island = NULL;
+  new_fd->freelist_next = NULL;
+  new_fd->on_done_closure = NULL;
+  new_fd->read_notifier_pollset = NULL;
+
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&new_fd->mu);
+
+  char *fd_name;
+  gpr_asprintf(&fd_name, "%s fd=%d", name, fd);
+  grpc_iomgr_register_object(&new_fd->iomgr_object, fd_name);
+#ifdef GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "FD %d %p create %s", fd, (void *)new_fd, fd_name);
+#endif
+  gpr_free(fd_name);
+  return new_fd;
+}
+
+static bool fd_is_orphaned(grpc_fd *fd) {
+  return (gpr_atm_acq_load(&fd->refst) & 1) == 0;
+}
+
+static int fd_wrapped_fd(grpc_fd *fd) {
+  int ret_fd = -1;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
+  if (!fd->orphaned) {
+    ret_fd = fd->fd;
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
+
+  return ret_fd;
+}
+
+static void fd_orphan(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
+                      grpc_closure *on_done, int *release_fd,
+                      const char *reason) {
+  bool is_fd_closed = false;
+  grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
+  fd->on_done_closure = on_done;
+
+  /* If release_fd is not NULL, we should be relinquishing control of the file
+     descriptor fd->fd (but we still own the grpc_fd structure). */
+  if (release_fd != NULL) {
+    *release_fd = fd->fd;
+  } else {
+    close(fd->fd);
+    is_fd_closed = true;
+  }
+
+  fd->orphaned = true;
+
+  /* Remove the active status but keep referenced. We want this grpc_fd struct
+     to be alive (and not added to freelist) until the end of this function */
+  REF_BY(fd, 1, reason);
+
+  /* Remove the fd from the polling island:
+     - Get a lock on the latest polling island (i.e the last island in the
+       linked list pointed by fd->polling_island). This is the island that
+       would actually contain the fd
+     - Remove the fd from the latest polling island
+     - Unlock the latest polling island
+     - Set fd->polling_island to NULL (but remove the ref on the polling island
+       before doing this.) */
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->pi_mu);
+  if (fd->polling_island != NULL) {
+    polling_island *pi_latest = polling_island_lock(fd->polling_island);
+    polling_island_remove_fd_locked(pi_latest, fd, is_fd_closed, &error);
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&pi_latest->mu);
+
+    PI_UNREF(fd->polling_island, "fd_orphan");
+    fd->polling_island = NULL;
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->pi_mu);
+
+  grpc_exec_ctx_sched(exec_ctx, fd->on_done_closure, error, NULL);
+
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
+  UNREF_BY(fd, 2, reason); /* Drop the reference */
+  GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("fd_orphan", GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+}
+
+static grpc_error *fd_shutdown_error(bool shutdown) {
+  if (!shutdown) {
+    return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  } else {
+    return GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("FD shutdown");
+  }
+}
+
+static void notify_on_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
+                             grpc_closure **st, grpc_closure *closure) {
+  if (fd->shutdown) {
+    grpc_exec_ctx_sched(exec_ctx, closure, GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("FD shutdown"),
+                        NULL);
+  } else if (*st == CLOSURE_NOT_READY) {
+    /* not ready ==> switch to a waiting state by setting the closure */
+    *st = closure;
+  } else if (*st == CLOSURE_READY) {
+    /* already ready ==> queue the closure to run immediately */
+    *st = CLOSURE_NOT_READY;
+    grpc_exec_ctx_sched(exec_ctx, closure, fd_shutdown_error(fd->shutdown),
+                        NULL);
+  } else {
+    /* upcallptr was set to a different closure.  This is an error! */
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+            "User called a notify_on function with a previous callback still "
+            "pending");
+    abort();
+  }
+}
+
+/* returns 1 if state becomes not ready */
+static int set_ready_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
+                            grpc_closure **st) {
+  if (*st == CLOSURE_READY) {
+    /* duplicate ready ==> ignore */
+    return 0;
+  } else if (*st == CLOSURE_NOT_READY) {
+    /* not ready, and not waiting ==> flag ready */
+    *st = CLOSURE_READY;
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    /* waiting ==> queue closure */
+    grpc_exec_ctx_sched(exec_ctx, *st, fd_shutdown_error(fd->shutdown), NULL);
+    *st = CLOSURE_NOT_READY;
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+static grpc_pollset *fd_get_read_notifier_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                                  grpc_fd *fd) {
+  grpc_pollset *notifier = NULL;
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
+  notifier = fd->read_notifier_pollset;
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
+
+  return notifier;
+}
+
+static bool fd_is_shutdown(grpc_fd *fd) {
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
+  const bool r = fd->shutdown;
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
+  return r;
+}
+
+/* Might be called multiple times */
+static void fd_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd) {
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
+  /* Do the actual shutdown only once */
+  if (!fd->shutdown) {
+    fd->shutdown = true;
+
+    shutdown(fd->fd, SHUT_RDWR);
+    /* Flush any pending read and write closures. Since fd->shutdown is 'true'
+       at this point, the closures would be called with 'success = false' */
+    set_ready_locked(exec_ctx, fd, &fd->read_closure);
+    set_ready_locked(exec_ctx, fd, &fd->write_closure);
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
+}
+
+static void fd_notify_on_read(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
+                              grpc_closure *closure) {
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
+  notify_on_locked(exec_ctx, fd, &fd->read_closure, closure);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
+}
+
+static void fd_notify_on_write(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
+                               grpc_closure *closure) {
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
+  notify_on_locked(exec_ctx, fd, &fd->write_closure, closure);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Pollset Definitions
+ */
+GPR_TLS_DECL(g_current_thread_pollset);
+GPR_TLS_DECL(g_current_thread_worker);
+static __thread bool g_initialized_sigmask;
+static __thread sigset_t g_orig_sigmask;
+
+static void sig_handler(int sig_num) {
+#ifdef GRPC_EPOLL_DEBUG
+  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Received signal %d", sig_num);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void poller_kick_init() { signal(grpc_wakeup_signal, sig_handler); }
+
+/* Global state management */
+static grpc_error *pollset_global_init(void) {
+  gpr_tls_init(&g_current_thread_pollset);
+  gpr_tls_init(&g_current_thread_worker);
+  poller_kick_init();
+  return grpc_wakeup_fd_init(&grpc_global_wakeup_fd);
+}
+
+static void pollset_global_shutdown(void) {
+  grpc_wakeup_fd_destroy(&grpc_global_wakeup_fd);
+  gpr_tls_destroy(&g_current_thread_pollset);
+  gpr_tls_destroy(&g_current_thread_worker);
+}
+
+static grpc_error *pollset_worker_kick(grpc_pollset_worker *worker) {
+  grpc_error *err = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+
+  /* Kick the worker only if it was not already kicked */
+  if (gpr_atm_no_barrier_cas(&worker->is_kicked, (gpr_atm)0, (gpr_atm)1)) {
+    GRPC_POLLING_TRACE(
+        "pollset_worker_kick: Kicking worker: %p (thread id: %ld)",
+        (void *)worker, worker->pt_id);
+    int err_num = pthread_kill(worker->pt_id, grpc_wakeup_signal);
+    if (err_num != 0) {
+      err = GRPC_OS_ERROR(err_num, "pthread_kill");
+    }
+  }
+  return err;
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if the pollset has active threads in pollset_work (pollset must
+ * be locked) */
+static int pollset_has_workers(grpc_pollset *p) {
+  return p->root_worker.next != &p->root_worker;
+}
+
+static void remove_worker(grpc_pollset *p, grpc_pollset_worker *worker) {
+  worker->prev->next = worker->next;
+  worker->next->prev = worker->prev;
+}
+
+static grpc_pollset_worker *pop_front_worker(grpc_pollset *p) {
+  if (pollset_has_workers(p)) {
+    grpc_pollset_worker *w = p->root_worker.next;
+    remove_worker(p, w);
+    return w;
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+static void push_back_worker(grpc_pollset *p, grpc_pollset_worker *worker) {
+  worker->next = &p->root_worker;
+  worker->prev = worker->next->prev;
+  worker->prev->next = worker->next->prev = worker;
+}
+
+static void push_front_worker(grpc_pollset *p, grpc_pollset_worker *worker) {
+  worker->prev = &p->root_worker;
+  worker->next = worker->prev->next;
+  worker->prev->next = worker->next->prev = worker;
+}
+
+/* p->mu must be held before calling this function */
+static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *p,
+                                grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker) {
+  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("pollset_kick", 0);
+  grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  const char *err_desc = "Kick Failure";
+  grpc_pollset_worker *worker = specific_worker;
+  if (worker != NULL) {
+    if (worker == GRPC_POLLSET_KICK_BROADCAST) {
+      if (pollset_has_workers(p)) {
+        GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("pollset_kick.broadcast", 0);
+        for (worker = p->root_worker.next; worker != &p->root_worker;
+             worker = worker->next) {
+          if (gpr_tls_get(&g_current_thread_worker) != (intptr_t)worker) {
+            append_error(&error, pollset_worker_kick(worker), err_desc);
+          }
+        }
+        GPR_TIMER_END("pollset_kick.broadcast", 0);
+      } else {
+        p->kicked_without_pollers = true;
+      }
+    } else {
+      GPR_TIMER_MARK("kicked_specifically", 0);
+      if (gpr_tls_get(&g_current_thread_worker) != (intptr_t)worker) {
+        append_error(&error, pollset_worker_kick(worker), err_desc);
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (gpr_tls_get(&g_current_thread_pollset) != (intptr_t)p) {
+    /* Since worker == NULL, it means that we can kick "any" worker on this
+       pollset 'p'. If 'p' happens to be the same pollset this thread is
+       currently polling (i.e in pollset_work() function), then there is no need
+       to kick any other worker since the current thread can just absorb the
+       kick. This is the reason why we enter this case only when
+       g_current_thread_pollset is != p */
+
+    GPR_TIMER_MARK("kick_anonymous", 0);
+    worker = pop_front_worker(p);
+    if (worker != NULL) {
+      GPR_TIMER_MARK("finally_kick", 0);
+      push_back_worker(p, worker);
+      append_error(&error, pollset_worker_kick(worker), err_desc);
+    } else {
+      GPR_TIMER_MARK("kicked_no_pollers", 0);
+      p->kicked_without_pollers = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  GPR_TIMER_END("pollset_kick", 0);
+  GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("pollset_kick", GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+  return error;
+}
+
+static grpc_error *kick_poller(void) {
+  return grpc_wakeup_fd_wakeup(&grpc_global_wakeup_fd);
+}
+
+static void pollset_init(grpc_pollset *pollset, gpr_mu **mu) {
+  gpr_mu_init(&pollset->mu);
+  *mu = &pollset->mu;
+
+  pollset->root_worker.next = pollset->root_worker.prev = &pollset->root_worker;
+  pollset->kicked_without_pollers = false;
+
+  pollset->shutting_down = false;
+  pollset->finish_shutdown_called = false;
+  pollset->shutdown_done = NULL;
+
+  pollset->polling_island = NULL;
+}
+
+/* Convert a timespec to milliseconds:
+   - Very small or negative poll times are clamped to zero to do a non-blocking
+     poll (which becomes spin polling)
+   - Other small values are rounded up to one millisecond
+   - Longer than a millisecond polls are rounded up to the next nearest
+     millisecond to avoid spinning
+   - Infinite timeouts are converted to -1 */
+static int poll_deadline_to_millis_timeout(gpr_timespec deadline,
+                                           gpr_timespec now) {
+  gpr_timespec timeout;
+  static const int64_t max_spin_polling_us = 10;
+  if (gpr_time_cmp(deadline, gpr_inf_future(deadline.clock_type)) == 0) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (gpr_time_cmp(deadline, gpr_time_add(now, gpr_time_from_micros(
+                                                   max_spin_polling_us,
+                                                   GPR_TIMESPAN))) <= 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  timeout = gpr_time_sub(deadline, now);
+  return gpr_time_to_millis(gpr_time_add(
+      timeout, gpr_time_from_nanos(GPR_NS_PER_MS - 1, GPR_TIMESPAN)));
+}
+
+static void fd_become_readable(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
+                               grpc_pollset *notifier) {
+  /* Need the fd->mu since we might be racing with fd_notify_on_read */
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
+  set_ready_locked(exec_ctx, fd, &fd->read_closure);
+  fd->read_notifier_pollset = notifier;
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
+}
+
+static void fd_become_writable(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd) {
+  /* Need the fd->mu since we might be racing with fd_notify_on_write */
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
+  set_ready_locked(exec_ctx, fd, &fd->write_closure);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
+}
+
+static void pollset_release_polling_island(grpc_pollset *ps, char *reason) {
+  if (ps->polling_island != NULL) {
+    PI_UNREF(ps->polling_island, reason);
+  }
+  ps->polling_island = NULL;
+}
+
+static void finish_shutdown_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                   grpc_pollset *pollset) {
+  /* The pollset cannot have any workers if we are at this stage */
+  GPR_ASSERT(!pollset_has_workers(pollset));
+
+  pollset->finish_shutdown_called = true;
+
+  /* Release the ref and set pollset->polling_island to NULL */
+  pollset_release_polling_island(pollset, "ps_shutdown");
+  grpc_exec_ctx_sched(exec_ctx, pollset->shutdown_done, GRPC_ERROR_NONE, NULL);
+}
+
+/* pollset->mu lock must be held by the caller before calling this */
+static void pollset_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
+                             grpc_closure *closure) {
+  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("pollset_shutdown", 0);
+  GPR_ASSERT(!pollset->shutting_down);
+  pollset->shutting_down = true;
+  pollset->shutdown_done = closure;
+  pollset_kick(pollset, GRPC_POLLSET_KICK_BROADCAST);
+
+  /* If the pollset has any workers, we cannot call finish_shutdown_locked()
+     because it would release the underlying polling island. In such a case, we
+     let the last worker call finish_shutdown_locked() from pollset_work() */
+  if (!pollset_has_workers(pollset)) {
+    GPR_ASSERT(!pollset->finish_shutdown_called);
+    GPR_TIMER_MARK("pollset_shutdown.finish_shutdown_locked", 0);
+    finish_shutdown_locked(exec_ctx, pollset);
+  }
+  GPR_TIMER_END("pollset_shutdown", 0);
+}
+
+/* pollset_shutdown is guaranteed to be called before pollset_destroy. So other
+ * than destroying the mutexes, there is nothing special that needs to be done
+ * here */
+static void pollset_destroy(grpc_pollset *pollset) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(!pollset_has_workers(pollset));
+  gpr_mu_destroy(&pollset->mu);
+}
+
+static void pollset_reset(grpc_pollset *pollset) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(pollset->shutting_down);
+  GPR_ASSERT(!pollset_has_workers(pollset));
+  pollset->shutting_down = false;
+  pollset->finish_shutdown_called = false;
+  pollset->kicked_without_pollers = false;
+  pollset->shutdown_done = NULL;
+  pollset_release_polling_island(pollset, "ps_reset");
+}
+
+#define GRPC_EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS 1000
+/* Note: sig_mask contains the signal mask to use *during* epoll_wait() */
+static void pollset_work_and_unlock(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                    grpc_pollset *pollset,
+                                    grpc_pollset_worker *worker, int timeout_ms,
+                                    sigset_t *sig_mask, grpc_error **error) {
+  struct epoll_event ep_ev[GRPC_EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS];
+  int epoll_fd = -1;
+  int ep_rv;
+  polling_island *pi = NULL;
+  char *err_msg;
+  const char *err_desc = "pollset_work_and_unlock";
+  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("pollset_work_and_unlock", 0);
+
+  /* We need to get the epoll_fd to wait on. The epoll_fd is in inside the
+     latest polling island pointed by pollset->polling_island.
+
+     Since epoll_fd is immutable, we can read it without obtaining the polling
+     island lock. There is however a possibility that the polling island (from
+     which we got the epoll_fd) got merged with another island while we are
+     in this function. This is still okay because in such a case, we will wakeup
+     right-away from epoll_wait() and pick up the latest polling_island the next
+     this function (i.e pollset_work_and_unlock()) is called */
+
+  if (pollset->polling_island == NULL) {
+    pollset->polling_island = polling_island_create(NULL, error);
+    if (pollset->polling_island == NULL) {
+      GPR_TIMER_END("pollset_work_and_unlock", 0);
+      return; /* Fatal error. We cannot continue */
+    }
+
+    PI_ADD_REF(pollset->polling_island, "ps");
+    GRPC_POLLING_TRACE("pollset_work: pollset: %p created new pi: %p",
+                       (void *)pollset, (void *)pollset->polling_island);
+  }
+
+  pi = polling_island_maybe_get_latest(pollset->polling_island);
+  epoll_fd = pi->epoll_fd;
+
+  /* Update the pollset->polling_island since the island being pointed by
+     pollset->polling_island maybe older than the one pointed by pi) */
+  if (pollset->polling_island != pi) {
+    /* Always do PI_ADD_REF before PI_UNREF because PI_UNREF may cause the
+       polling island to be deleted */
+    PI_ADD_REF(pi, "ps");
+    PI_UNREF(pollset->polling_island, "ps");
+    pollset->polling_island = pi;
+  }
+
+  /* Add an extra ref so that the island does not get destroyed (which means
+     the epoll_fd won't be closed) while we are are doing an epoll_wait() on the
+     epoll_fd */
+  PI_ADD_REF(pi, "ps_work");
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->mu);
+
+  do {
+    ep_rv = epoll_pwait(epoll_fd, ep_ev, GRPC_EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS, timeout_ms,
+                        sig_mask);
+    if (ep_rv < 0) {
+      if (errno != EINTR) {
+        gpr_asprintf(&err_msg,
+                     "epoll_wait() epoll fd: %d failed with error: %d (%s)",
+                     epoll_fd, errno, strerror(errno));
+        append_error(error, GRPC_OS_ERROR(errno, err_msg), err_desc);
+      } else {
+        /* We were interrupted. Save an interation by doing a zero timeout
+           epoll_wait to see if there are any other events of interest */
+        GRPC_POLLING_TRACE(
+            "pollset_work: pollset: %p, worker: %p received kick",
+            (void *)pollset, (void *)worker);
+        ep_rv = epoll_wait(epoll_fd, ep_ev, GRPC_EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS, 0);
+      }
+    }
+
+#ifdef GRPC_TSAN
+    /* See the definition of g_poll_sync for more details */
+    gpr_atm_acq_load(&g_epoll_sync);
+#endif /* defined(GRPC_TSAN) */
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < ep_rv; ++i) {
+      void *data_ptr = ep_ev[i].data.ptr;
+      if (data_ptr == &grpc_global_wakeup_fd) {
+        append_error(error,
+                     grpc_wakeup_fd_consume_wakeup(&grpc_global_wakeup_fd),
+                     err_desc);
+      } else if (data_ptr == &polling_island_wakeup_fd) {
+        GRPC_POLLING_TRACE(
+            "pollset_work: pollset: %p, worker: %p polling island (epoll_fd: "
+            "%d) got merged",
+            (void *)pollset, (void *)worker, epoll_fd);
+        /* This means that our polling island is merged with a different
+           island. We do not have to do anything here since the subsequent call
+           to the function pollset_work_and_unlock() will pick up the correct
+           epoll_fd */
+      } else {
+        grpc_fd *fd = data_ptr;
+        int cancel = ep_ev[i].events & (EPOLLERR | EPOLLHUP);
+        int read_ev = ep_ev[i].events & (EPOLLIN | EPOLLPRI);
+        int write_ev = ep_ev[i].events & EPOLLOUT;
+        if (read_ev || cancel) {
+          fd_become_readable(exec_ctx, fd, pollset);
+        }
+        if (write_ev || cancel) {
+          fd_become_writable(exec_ctx, fd);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } while (ep_rv == GRPC_EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS);
+
+  GPR_ASSERT(pi != NULL);
+
+  /* Before leaving, release the extra ref we added to the polling island. It
+     is important to use "pi" here (i.e our old copy of pollset->polling_island
+     that we got before releasing the polling island lock). This is because
+     pollset->polling_island pointer might get udpated in other parts of the
+     code when there is an island merge while we are doing epoll_wait() above */
+  PI_UNREF(pi, "ps_work");
+
+  GPR_TIMER_END("pollset_work_and_unlock", 0);
+}
+
+/* pollset->mu lock must be held by the caller before calling this.
+   The function pollset_work() may temporarily release the lock (pollset->mu)
+   during the course of its execution but it will always re-acquire the lock and
+   ensure that it is held by the time the function returns */
+static grpc_error *pollset_work(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
+                                grpc_pollset_worker **worker_hdl,
+                                gpr_timespec now, gpr_timespec deadline) {
+  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("pollset_work", 0);
+  grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  int timeout_ms = poll_deadline_to_millis_timeout(deadline, now);
+
+  sigset_t new_mask;
+
+  grpc_pollset_worker worker;
+  worker.next = worker.prev = NULL;
+  worker.pt_id = pthread_self();
+  gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&worker.is_kicked, (gpr_atm)0);
+
+  *worker_hdl = &worker;
+
+  gpr_tls_set(&g_current_thread_pollset, (intptr_t)pollset);
+  gpr_tls_set(&g_current_thread_worker, (intptr_t)&worker);
+
+  if (pollset->kicked_without_pollers) {
+    /* If the pollset was kicked without pollers, pretend that the current
+       worker got the kick and skip polling. A kick indicates that there is some
+       work that needs attention like an event on the completion queue or an
+       alarm */
+    GPR_TIMER_MARK("pollset_work.kicked_without_pollers", 0);
+    pollset->kicked_without_pollers = 0;
+  } else if (!pollset->shutting_down) {
+    /* We use the posix-signal with number 'grpc_wakeup_signal' for waking up
+       (i.e 'kicking') a worker in the pollset. A 'kick' is a way to inform the
+       worker that there is some pending work that needs immediate attention
+       (like an event on the completion queue, or a polling island merge that
+       results in a new epoll-fd to wait on) and that the worker should not
+       spend time waiting in epoll_pwait().
+
+       A worker can be kicked anytime from the point it is added to the pollset
+       via push_front_worker() (or push_back_worker()) to the point it is
+       removed via remove_worker().
+       If the worker is kicked before/during it calls epoll_pwait(), it should
+       immediately exit from epoll_wait(). If the worker is kicked after it
+       returns from epoll_wait(), then nothing really needs to be done.
+
+       To accomplish this, we mask 'grpc_wakeup_signal' on this thread at all
+       times *except* when it is in epoll_pwait(). This way, the worker never
+       misses acting on a kick */
+
+    if (!g_initialized_sigmask) {
+      sigemptyset(&new_mask);
+      sigaddset(&new_mask, grpc_wakeup_signal);
+      pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &new_mask, &g_orig_sigmask);
+      sigdelset(&g_orig_sigmask, grpc_wakeup_signal);
+      g_initialized_sigmask = true;
+      /* new_mask:       The new thread mask which blocks 'grpc_wakeup_signal'.
+                         This is the mask used at all times *except during
+                         epoll_wait()*"
+         g_orig_sigmask: The thread mask which allows 'grpc_wakeup_signal' and
+                         this is the mask to use *during epoll_wait()*
+
+         The new_mask is set on the worker before it is added to the pollset
+         (i.e before it can be kicked) */
+    }
+
+    push_front_worker(pollset, &worker); /* Add worker to pollset */
+
+    pollset_work_and_unlock(exec_ctx, pollset, &worker, timeout_ms,
+                            &g_orig_sigmask, &error);
+    grpc_exec_ctx_flush(exec_ctx);
+
+    gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->mu);
+
+    /* Note: There is no need to reset worker.is_kicked to 0 since we are no
+       longer going to use this worker */
+    remove_worker(pollset, &worker);
+  }
+
+  /* If we are the last worker on the pollset (i.e pollset_has_workers() is
+     false at this point) and the pollset is shutting down, we may have to
+     finish the shutdown process by calling finish_shutdown_locked().
+     See pollset_shutdown() for more details.
+
+     Note: Continuing to access pollset here is safe; it is the caller's
+     responsibility to not destroy a pollset when it has outstanding calls to
+     pollset_work() */
+  if (pollset->shutting_down && !pollset_has_workers(pollset) &&
+      !pollset->finish_shutdown_called) {
+    GPR_TIMER_MARK("pollset_work.finish_shutdown_locked", 0);
+    finish_shutdown_locked(exec_ctx, pollset);
+
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->mu);
+    grpc_exec_ctx_flush(exec_ctx);
+    gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->mu);
+  }
+
+  *worker_hdl = NULL;
+
+  gpr_tls_set(&g_current_thread_pollset, (intptr_t)0);
+  gpr_tls_set(&g_current_thread_worker, (intptr_t)0);
+
+  GPR_TIMER_END("pollset_work", 0);
+
+  GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("pollset_work", GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+  return error;
+}
+
+static void pollset_add_fd(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
+                           grpc_fd *fd) {
+  grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->mu);
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->pi_mu);
+
+  polling_island *pi_new = NULL;
+
+  /* 1) If fd->polling_island and pollset->polling_island are both non-NULL and
+   *    equal, do nothing.
+   * 2) If fd->polling_island and pollset->polling_island are both NULL, create
+   *    a new polling island (with a refcount of 2) and make the polling_island
+   *    fields in both fd and pollset to point to the new island
+   * 3) If one of fd->polling_island or pollset->polling_island is NULL, update
+   *    the NULL polling_island field to point to the non-NULL polling_island
+   *    field (ensure that the refcount on the polling island is incremented by
+   *    1 to account for the newly added reference)
+   * 4) Finally, if fd->polling_island and pollset->polling_island are non-NULL
+   *    and different, merge both the polling islands and update the
+   *    polling_island fields in both fd and pollset to point to the merged
+   *    polling island.
+   */
+  if (fd->polling_island == pollset->polling_island) {
+    pi_new = fd->polling_island;
+    if (pi_new == NULL) {
+      pi_new = polling_island_create(fd, &error);
+
+      GRPC_POLLING_TRACE(
+          "pollset_add_fd: Created new polling island. pi_new: %p (fd: %d, "
+          "pollset: %p)",
+          (void *)pi_new, fd->fd, (void *)pollset);
+    }
+  } else if (fd->polling_island == NULL) {
+    pi_new = polling_island_lock(pollset->polling_island);
+    polling_island_add_fds_locked(pi_new, &fd, 1, true, &error);
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&pi_new->mu);
+
+    GRPC_POLLING_TRACE(
+        "pollset_add_fd: fd->pi was NULL. pi_new: %p (fd: %d, pollset: %p, "
+        "pollset->pi: %p)",
+        (void *)pi_new, fd->fd, (void *)pollset,
+        (void *)pollset->polling_island);
+  } else if (pollset->polling_island == NULL) {
+    pi_new = polling_island_lock(fd->polling_island);
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&pi_new->mu);
+
+    GRPC_POLLING_TRACE(
+        "pollset_add_fd: pollset->pi was NULL. pi_new: %p (fd: %d, pollset: "
+        "%p, fd->pi: %p",
+        (void *)pi_new, fd->fd, (void *)pollset, (void *)fd->polling_island);
+  } else {
+    pi_new = polling_island_merge(fd->polling_island, pollset->polling_island,
+                                  &error);
+    GRPC_POLLING_TRACE(
+        "pollset_add_fd: polling islands merged. pi_new: %p (fd: %d, pollset: "
+        "%p, fd->pi: %p, pollset->pi: %p)",
+        (void *)pi_new, fd->fd, (void *)pollset, (void *)fd->polling_island,
+        (void *)pollset->polling_island);
+  }
+
+  /* At this point, pi_new is the polling island that both fd->polling_island
+     and pollset->polling_island must be pointing to */
+
+  if (fd->polling_island != pi_new) {
+    PI_ADD_REF(pi_new, "fd");
+    if (fd->polling_island != NULL) {
+      PI_UNREF(fd->polling_island, "fd");
+    }
+    fd->polling_island = pi_new;
+  }
+
+  if (pollset->polling_island != pi_new) {
+    PI_ADD_REF(pi_new, "ps");
+    if (pollset->polling_island != NULL) {
+      PI_UNREF(pollset->polling_island, "ps");
+    }
+    pollset->polling_island = pi_new;
+  }
+
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->pi_mu);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->mu);
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Pollset-set Definitions
+ */
+
+static grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set_create(void) {
+  grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set = gpr_malloc(sizeof(*pollset_set));
+  memset(pollset_set, 0, sizeof(*pollset_set));
+  gpr_mu_init(&pollset_set->mu);
+  return pollset_set;
+}
+
+static void pollset_set_destroy(grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set) {
+  size_t i;
+  gpr_mu_destroy(&pollset_set->mu);
+  for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->fd_count; i++) {
+    GRPC_FD_UNREF(pollset_set->fds[i], "pollset_set");
+  }
+  gpr_free(pollset_set->pollsets);
+  gpr_free(pollset_set->pollset_sets);
+  gpr_free(pollset_set->fds);
+  gpr_free(pollset_set);
+}
+
+static void pollset_set_add_fd(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                               grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set, grpc_fd *fd) {
+  size_t i;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset_set->mu);
+  if (pollset_set->fd_count == pollset_set->fd_capacity) {
+    pollset_set->fd_capacity = GPR_MAX(8, 2 * pollset_set->fd_capacity);
+    pollset_set->fds = gpr_realloc(
+        pollset_set->fds, pollset_set->fd_capacity * sizeof(*pollset_set->fds));
+  }
+  GRPC_FD_REF(fd, "pollset_set");
+  pollset_set->fds[pollset_set->fd_count++] = fd;
+  for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->pollset_count; i++) {
+    pollset_add_fd(exec_ctx, pollset_set->pollsets[i], fd);
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->pollset_set_count; i++) {
+    pollset_set_add_fd(exec_ctx, pollset_set->pollset_sets[i], fd);
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset_set->mu);
+}
+
+static void pollset_set_del_fd(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                               grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set, grpc_fd *fd) {
+  size_t i;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset_set->mu);
+  for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->fd_count; i++) {
+    if (pollset_set->fds[i] == fd) {
+      pollset_set->fd_count--;
+      GPR_SWAP(grpc_fd *, pollset_set->fds[i],
+               pollset_set->fds[pollset_set->fd_count]);
+      GRPC_FD_UNREF(fd, "pollset_set");
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->pollset_set_count; i++) {
+    pollset_set_del_fd(exec_ctx, pollset_set->pollset_sets[i], fd);
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset_set->mu);
+}
+
+static void pollset_set_add_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                    grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set,
+                                    grpc_pollset *pollset) {
+  size_t i, j;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset_set->mu);
+  if (pollset_set->pollset_count == pollset_set->pollset_capacity) {
+    pollset_set->pollset_capacity =
+        GPR_MAX(8, 2 * pollset_set->pollset_capacity);
+    pollset_set->pollsets =
+        gpr_realloc(pollset_set->pollsets, pollset_set->pollset_capacity *
+                                               sizeof(*pollset_set->pollsets));
+  }
+  pollset_set->pollsets[pollset_set->pollset_count++] = pollset;
+  for (i = 0, j = 0; i < pollset_set->fd_count; i++) {
+    if (fd_is_orphaned(pollset_set->fds[i])) {
+      GRPC_FD_UNREF(pollset_set->fds[i], "pollset_set");
+    } else {
+      pollset_add_fd(exec_ctx, pollset, pollset_set->fds[i]);
+      pollset_set->fds[j++] = pollset_set->fds[i];
+    }
+  }
+  pollset_set->fd_count = j;
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset_set->mu);
+}
+
+static void pollset_set_del_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                    grpc_pollset_set *pollset_set,
+                                    grpc_pollset *pollset) {
+  size_t i;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset_set->mu);
+  for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->pollset_count; i++) {
+    if (pollset_set->pollsets[i] == pollset) {
+      pollset_set->pollset_count--;
+      GPR_SWAP(grpc_pollset *, pollset_set->pollsets[i],
+               pollset_set->pollsets[pollset_set->pollset_count]);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset_set->mu);
+}
+
+static void pollset_set_add_pollset_set(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                        grpc_pollset_set *bag,
+                                        grpc_pollset_set *item) {
+  size_t i, j;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&bag->mu);
+  if (bag->pollset_set_count == bag->pollset_set_capacity) {
+    bag->pollset_set_capacity = GPR_MAX(8, 2 * bag->pollset_set_capacity);
+    bag->pollset_sets =
+        gpr_realloc(bag->pollset_sets,
+                    bag->pollset_set_capacity * sizeof(*bag->pollset_sets));
+  }
+  bag->pollset_sets[bag->pollset_set_count++] = item;
+  for (i = 0, j = 0; i < bag->fd_count; i++) {
+    if (fd_is_orphaned(bag->fds[i])) {
+      GRPC_FD_UNREF(bag->fds[i], "pollset_set");
+    } else {
+      pollset_set_add_fd(exec_ctx, item, bag->fds[i]);
+      bag->fds[j++] = bag->fds[i];
+    }
+  }
+  bag->fd_count = j;
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&bag->mu);
+}
+
+static void pollset_set_del_pollset_set(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                        grpc_pollset_set *bag,
+                                        grpc_pollset_set *item) {
+  size_t i;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&bag->mu);
+  for (i = 0; i < bag->pollset_set_count; i++) {
+    if (bag->pollset_sets[i] == item) {
+      bag->pollset_set_count--;
+      GPR_SWAP(grpc_pollset_set *, bag->pollset_sets[i],
+               bag->pollset_sets[bag->pollset_set_count]);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&bag->mu);
+}
+
+/* Test helper functions
+ * */
+void *grpc_fd_get_polling_island(grpc_fd *fd) {
+  polling_island *pi;
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->pi_mu);
+  pi = fd->polling_island;
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->pi_mu);
+
+  return pi;
+}
+
+void *grpc_pollset_get_polling_island(grpc_pollset *ps) {
+  polling_island *pi;
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&ps->mu);
+  pi = ps->polling_island;
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&ps->mu);
+
+  return pi;
+}
+
+bool grpc_are_polling_islands_equal(void *p, void *q) {
+  polling_island *p1 = p;
+  polling_island *p2 = q;
+
+  /* Note: polling_island_lock_pair() may change p1 and p2 to point to the
+     latest polling islands in their respective linked lists */
+  polling_island_lock_pair(&p1, &p2);
+  polling_island_unlock_pair(p1, p2);
+
+  return p1 == p2;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Event engine binding
+ */
+
+static void shutdown_engine(void) {
+  fd_global_shutdown();
+  pollset_global_shutdown();
+  polling_island_global_shutdown();
+}
+
+static const grpc_event_engine_vtable vtable = {
+    .pollset_size = sizeof(grpc_pollset),
+
+    .fd_create = fd_create,
+    .fd_wrapped_fd = fd_wrapped_fd,
+    .fd_orphan = fd_orphan,
+    .fd_shutdown = fd_shutdown,
+    .fd_is_shutdown = fd_is_shutdown,
+    .fd_notify_on_read = fd_notify_on_read,
+    .fd_notify_on_write = fd_notify_on_write,
+    .fd_get_read_notifier_pollset = fd_get_read_notifier_pollset,
+
+    .pollset_init = pollset_init,
+    .pollset_shutdown = pollset_shutdown,
+    .pollset_reset = pollset_reset,
+    .pollset_destroy = pollset_destroy,
+    .pollset_work = pollset_work,
+    .pollset_kick = pollset_kick,
+    .pollset_add_fd = pollset_add_fd,
+
+    .pollset_set_create = pollset_set_create,
+    .pollset_set_destroy = pollset_set_destroy,
+    .pollset_set_add_pollset = pollset_set_add_pollset,
+    .pollset_set_del_pollset = pollset_set_del_pollset,
+    .pollset_set_add_pollset_set = pollset_set_add_pollset_set,
+    .pollset_set_del_pollset_set = pollset_set_del_pollset_set,
+    .pollset_set_add_fd = pollset_set_add_fd,
+    .pollset_set_del_fd = pollset_set_del_fd,
+
+    .kick_poller = kick_poller,
+
+    .shutdown_engine = shutdown_engine,
+};
+
+/* It is possible that GLIBC has epoll but the underlying kernel doesn't.
+ * Create a dummy epoll_fd to make sure epoll support is available */
+static bool is_epoll_available() {
+  int fd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
+  if (fd < 0) {
+    gpr_log(
+        GPR_ERROR,
+        "epoll_create1 failed with error: %d. Not using epoll polling engine",
+        fd);
+    return false;
+  }
+  close(fd);
+  return true;
+}
+
+const grpc_event_engine_vtable *grpc_init_epoll_linux(void) {
+  /* If use of signals is disabled, we cannot use epoll engine*/
+  if (is_grpc_wakeup_signal_initialized && grpc_wakeup_signal < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (!is_epoll_available()) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (!is_grpc_wakeup_signal_initialized) {
+    grpc_use_signal(SIGRTMIN + 2);
+  }
+
+  fd_global_init();
+
+  if (!GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("pollset_global_init", pollset_global_init())) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (!GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("polling_island_global_init",
+                         polling_island_global_init())) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return &vtable;
+}
+
+#else /* defined(GPR_LINUX_EPOLL) */
+#if defined(GPR_POSIX_SOCKET)
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_posix.h"
+/* If GPR_LINUX_EPOLL is not defined, it means epoll is not available. Return
+ * NULL */
+const grpc_event_engine_vtable *grpc_init_epoll_linux(void) { return NULL; }
+#endif /* defined(GPR_POSIX_SOCKET) */
+
+void grpc_use_signal(int signum) {}
+#endif /* !defined(GPR_LINUX_EPOLL) */