gratr 0.4.2
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- data/Grater.xcf +0 -0
- data/README +328 -0
- data/Rakefile +220 -0
- data/examples/graph_self.rb +54 -0
- data/examples/module_graph.jpg +0 -0
- data/examples/module_graph.rb +12 -0
- data/examples/self_graph.jpg +0 -0
- data/examples/visualize.jpg +0 -0
- data/examples/visualize.rb +8 -0
- data/install.rb +49 -0
- data/lib/gratr.rb +33 -0
- data/lib/gratr/adjacency_graph.rb +230 -0
- data/lib/gratr/base.rb +34 -0
- data/lib/gratr/biconnected.rb +116 -0
- data/lib/gratr/chinese_postman.rb +123 -0
- data/lib/gratr/common.rb +73 -0
- data/lib/gratr/comparability.rb +92 -0
- data/lib/gratr/digraph.rb +113 -0
- data/lib/gratr/digraph_distance.rb +185 -0
- data/lib/gratr/dot.rb +90 -0
- data/lib/gratr/edge.rb +145 -0
- data/lib/gratr/graph.rb +315 -0
- data/lib/gratr/graph_api.rb +82 -0
- data/lib/gratr/import.rb +44 -0
- data/lib/gratr/labels.rb +103 -0
- data/lib/gratr/maximum_flow.rb +107 -0
- data/lib/gratr/rdot.rb +326 -0
- data/lib/gratr/search.rb +409 -0
- data/lib/gratr/strong_components.rb +127 -0
- data/lib/gratr/undirected_graph.rb +153 -0
- data/tests/TestBiconnected.rb +53 -0
- data/tests/TestChinesePostman.rb +53 -0
- data/tests/TestComplement.rb +54 -0
- data/tests/TestDigraph.rb +333 -0
- data/tests/TestDigraphDistance.rb +138 -0
- data/tests/TestEdge.rb +171 -0
- data/tests/TestInspection.rb +57 -0
- data/tests/TestMultiEdge.rb +57 -0
- data/tests/TestNeighborhood.rb +64 -0
- data/tests/TestProperties.rb +160 -0
- data/tests/TestSearch.rb +257 -0
- data/tests/TestStrongComponents.rb +85 -0
- data/tests/TestTriagulated.rb +137 -0
- data/tests/TestUndirectedGraph.rb +219 -0
- metadata +92 -0
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#--
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# Copyright (c) 2006 Shawn Patrick Garbett
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#
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# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
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# are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
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#
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# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice(s),
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# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
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# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
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# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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# * Neither the name of the Shawn Garbett nor the names of its contributors
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# may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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# without specific prior written permission.
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#
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# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
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# ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
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# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
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# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
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# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
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# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
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# OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
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# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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#++
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require 'gratr/digraph_distance'
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module GRATR
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module Graph
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module ChinesePostman
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# Returns the shortest walk that traverses all arcs at least
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# once, returning to the specified start node.
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def closed_chinese_postman_tour(start, weight=nil, zero=0)
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cost, path, delta = floyd_warshall(weight, zero)
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return nil unless cp_valid_least_cost? cost, zero
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positive, negative = cp_unbalanced(delta)
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f = cp_find_feasible(delta, positive, negative, zero)
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while cp_improve(f, positive, negative, cost, zero); end
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cp_euler_circuit(start, f, path)
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end
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private
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def cp_euler_circuit(start, f, path) # :nodoc:
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circuit = [u=v=start]
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bridge_taken = Hash.new {|h,k| h[k] = Hash.new}
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until v.nil?
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if v=f[u].keys.detect {|k| f[u][k] > 0}
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f[u][v] -= 1
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circuit << (u = path[u][v]) while u != v
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else
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unless bridge_taken[u][bridge = path[u][start]]
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v = vertices.detect {|v1| v1 != bridge && edge?(u,v1) && !bridge_taken[u][v1]} || bridge
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bridge_taken[u][v] = true
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circuit << v
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end
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end
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u=v
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end; circuit
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end
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def cp_cancel_cycle(cost, path, f, start, zero) # :nodoc:
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u = start; k = nil
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begin
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v = path[u][start]
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k = f[v][u] if cost[u][v] < zero and (k.nil? || k > f[v][u])
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end until (u=v) != start
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u = start
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begin
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v = path[u][start]
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cost[u][v] < zero ? f[v][u] -= k : f[u][v] += k
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end until (u=v) != start
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true # This routine always returns true to make cp_improve easier
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end
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def cp_improve(f, positive, negative, cost, zero) # :nodoc:
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residual = self.class.new
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negative.each do |u|
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positive.each do |v|
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residual.add_edge!(u,v,cost[u][v])
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residual.add_edge!(v,u,-cost[u][v]) if f[u][v] != 0
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end
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end
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r_cost, r_path, r_delta = residual.floyd_warshall(nil, zero)
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i = residual.vertices.detect {|v| r_cost[v][v] and r_cost[v][v] < zero}
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i ? cp_cancel_cycle(r_cost, r_path, f, i) : false
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end
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def cp_find_feasible(delta, positive, negative, zero) # :nodoc:
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f = Hash.new {|h,k| h[k] = Hash.new}
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negative.each do |i|
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positive.each do |j|
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f[i][j] = -delta[i] < delta[j] ? -delta[i] : delta[j]
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delta[i] += f[i][j]
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delta[j] -= f[i][j]
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end
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end; f
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end
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def cp_valid_least_cost?(c, zero) # :nodoc:
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vertices.each do |i|
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vertices.each do |j|
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return false unless c[i][j] and c[i][j] >= zero
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end
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end; true
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end
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def cp_unbalanced(delta) # :nodoc:
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negative = []; positive = []
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vertices.each do |v|
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negative << v if delta[v] < 0
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positive << v if delta[v] > 0
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end; [positive, negative]
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end
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end # Chinese Postman
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end # Graph
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end # GRATR
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data/lib/gratr/common.rb
ADDED
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#--
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# Copyright (c) 2006 Shawn Patrick Garbett
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#
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# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
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# are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
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#
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# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice(s),
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# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
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# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
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# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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# * Neither the name of the Shawn Garbett nor the names of its contributors
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# may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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# without specific prior written permission.
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#
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# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
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# ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
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# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
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# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
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# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
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# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
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# OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
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# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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#++
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require 'gratr/edge'
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require 'gratr/graph'
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module GRATR
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# This class defines a cycle graph of size n
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# This is easily done by using the base Graph
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# class and implemeting the minimum methods needed to
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# make it work. This is a good example to look
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# at for making one's own graph classes
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class Cycle
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def initialize(n) @size = n; end
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def directed?() false; end
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def vertices() (1..@size).to_a; end
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def vertex?(v) v > 0 and v <= @size; end
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def edge?(u,v=nil)
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u, v = [u.source, v.target] if u.kind_of? GRATR::Arc
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vertex?(u) && vertex?(v) && ((v-u == 1) or (u==@size && v=1))
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end
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def edges() Array.new(@size) {|i| GRATR::Edge[i+1, (i+1)==@size ? 1 : i+2]}; end
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end
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# This class defines a complete graph of size n
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# This is easily done by using the base Graph
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# class and implemeting the minimum methods needed to
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# make it work. This is a good example to look
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# at for making one's own graph classes
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class Complete < Cycle
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def initialize(n) @size = n; @edges = nil; end
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def edges
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return @edges if @edges # Cache edges
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@edges = []
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@size.times do |u|
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@size.times {|v| @edges << GRATR::Edge[u+1, v+1]}
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end; @edges
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end
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def edge?(u,v=nil)
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u, v = [u.source, v.target] if u.kind_of? GRATR::Arc
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vertex?(u) && vertex?(v)
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end
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end # Complete
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end # GRATR
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#--
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# Copyright (c) 2006 Shawn Patrick Garbett
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#
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# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
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# are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
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#
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# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice(s),
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# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
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# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
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# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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# * Neither the name of the Shawn Garbett nor the names of its contributors
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# may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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# without specific prior written permission.
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#
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# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
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# ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
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# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
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# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
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# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
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# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
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# OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
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# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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#++
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module GRATR
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module Graph
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module Comparability
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# A comparability graph is an UndirectedGraph that has a transitive
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# orientation. This returns a boolean that says if this graph
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# is a comparability graph.
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def comparability?() gamma_decomposition[1]; end
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# Returns an array with two values, the first being a hash of edges
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# with a number containing their class assignment, the second valud
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# is a boolean which states whether or not the graph is a
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# comparability graph
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#
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# Complexity in time O(d*|E|) where d is the maximum degree of a vertex
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# Complexity in space O(|V|+|E|)
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def gamma_decomposition
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k = 0; comparability=true; classification={}
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edges.map {|edge| [edge.source,edge.target]}.each do |e|
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if classification[e].nil?
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k += 1
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classification[e] = k; classification[e.reverse] = -k
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comparability &&= gratr_comparability_explore(e, k, classification)
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end
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end; [classification, comparability]
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end
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# Returns one of the possible transitive orientations of
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# the UndirectedGraph as a Digraph
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def transitive_orientation(digraph_class=Digraph)
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raise NotImplementError
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end
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private
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# Taken from Figure 5.10, on pg. 130 of Martin Golumbic's, _Algorithmic_Graph_
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# _Theory_and_Perfect_Graphs.
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def gratr_comparability_explore(edge, k, classification, space='')
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ret = gratr_comparability_explore_inner(edge, k, classification, :forward, space)
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gratr_comparability_explore_inner(edge.reverse, k, classification, :backward, space) && ret
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end
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def gratr_comparability_explore_inner(edge, k, classification, direction,space)
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comparability = true
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adj_target = adjacent(edge[1])
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adjacent(edge[0]).select do |mt|
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(classification[[edge[1],mt]] || k).abs < k or
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not adj_target.any? {|adj_t| adj_t == mt}
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end.each do |m|
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e = (direction == :forward) ? [edge[0], m] : [m,edge[0]]
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if classification[e].nil?
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classification[e] = k
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classification[e.reverse] = -k
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comparability = gratr_comparability_explore(e, k, classification, ' '+space) && comparability
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elsif classification[e] == -k
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classification[e] = k
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gratr_comparability_explore(e, k, classification, ' '+space)
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comparability = false
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end
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end; comparability
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end # gratr_comparability_explore_inner
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end # Comparability
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end # Graph
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end # GRATR
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#--
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# Copyright (c) 2006 Shawn Patrick Garbett
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# Copyright (c) 2002,2004,2005 by Horst Duchene
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#
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# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
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# are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
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#
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8
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# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice(s),
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# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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+
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
|
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# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
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# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
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# * Neither the name of the Shawn Garbett nor the names of its contributors
|
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# may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
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# without specific prior written permission.
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#
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# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
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# ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
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# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
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# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
|
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# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
|
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# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
|
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# OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
|
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# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
|
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+
#++
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28
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+
|
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|
+
require 'gratr/edge'
|
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|
+
require 'gratr/graph'
|
31
|
+
require 'gratr/search'
|
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|
+
require 'gratr/adjacency_graph'
|
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+
require 'gratr/strong_components'
|
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|
+
require 'gratr/digraph_distance'
|
35
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require 'gratr/chinese_postman'
|
36
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+
|
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module GRATR
|
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+
#
|
39
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# Digraph is a directed graph which is a finite set of vertices
|
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# and a finite set of edges connecting vertices. It cannot contain parallel
|
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|
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# edges going from the same source vertex to the same target. It also
|
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# cannot contain loops, i.e. edges that go have the same vertex for source
|
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# and target.
|
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|
+
#
|
45
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+
# DirectedPseudoGraph is a class that allows for parallel edges, and a
|
46
|
+
# DirectedMultiGraph is a class that allows for parallel edges and loops
|
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|
+
# as well.
|
48
|
+
class Digraph
|
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|
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include AdjacencyGraph
|
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|
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include Graph::Search
|
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|
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include Graph::StrongComponents
|
52
|
+
include Graph::Distance
|
53
|
+
include Graph::ChinesePostman
|
54
|
+
|
55
|
+
def initialize(*params)
|
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|
+
raise ArgumentError if params.any? do |p|
|
57
|
+
!(p.kind_of? GRATR::Graph or p.kind_of? Array)
|
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|
+
end if self.class == GRATR::Digraph
|
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|
+
super(*params)
|
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|
+
end
|
61
|
+
|
62
|
+
# A directed graph is directed by definition
|
63
|
+
def directed?() true; end
|
64
|
+
|
65
|
+
# A digraph uses the Arc class for edges
|
66
|
+
def edge_class() @parallel_edges ? GRATR::MultiArc : GRATR::Arc; end
|
67
|
+
|
68
|
+
# Reverse all edges in a graph
|
69
|
+
def reversal
|
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|
+
return new(self) unless directed?
|
71
|
+
edges.inject(self.class.new) {|a,e| a << e.reverse}
|
72
|
+
end
|
73
|
+
|
74
|
+
# Return true if the Graph is oriented.
|
75
|
+
def oriented?
|
76
|
+
e = edges
|
77
|
+
re = e.map {|x| x.reverse}
|
78
|
+
not e.any? {|x| re.include?(x)}
|
79
|
+
end
|
80
|
+
|
81
|
+
# Balanced is when the out edge count is equal to the in edge count
|
82
|
+
def balanced?(v) out_degree(v) == in_degree(v); end
|
83
|
+
|
84
|
+
# Returns out_degree(v) - in_degree(v)
|
85
|
+
def delta(v) out_degree(v) - in_degree(v); end
|
86
|
+
|
87
|
+
end
|
88
|
+
|
89
|
+
# DirectedGraph is just an alias for Digraph should one desire
|
90
|
+
DirectedGraph = Digraph
|
91
|
+
|
92
|
+
# This is a Digraph that allows for parallel edges, but does not
|
93
|
+
# allow loops
|
94
|
+
class DirectedPseudoGraph < Digraph
|
95
|
+
def initialize(*params)
|
96
|
+
raise ArgumentError if params.any? do |p|
|
97
|
+
!(p.kind_of? GRATR::Graph or p.kind_of? Array)
|
98
|
+
end
|
99
|
+
super(:parallel_edges, *params)
|
100
|
+
end
|
101
|
+
end
|
102
|
+
|
103
|
+
# This is a Digraph that allows for parallel edges and loops
|
104
|
+
class DirectedMultiGraph < Digraph
|
105
|
+
def initialize(*params)
|
106
|
+
raise ArgumentError if params.any? do |p|
|
107
|
+
!(p.kind_of? GRATR::Graph or p.kind_of? Array)
|
108
|
+
end
|
109
|
+
super(:parallel_edges, :loops, *params)
|
110
|
+
end
|
111
|
+
end
|
112
|
+
|
113
|
+
end
|
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
|
|
1
|
+
#--
|
2
|
+
# Copyright (c) 2006 Shawn Patrick Garbett
|
3
|
+
#
|
4
|
+
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
|
5
|
+
# are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
|
6
|
+
#
|
7
|
+
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice(s),
|
8
|
+
# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
9
|
+
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
|
10
|
+
# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
|
11
|
+
# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
12
|
+
# * Neither the name of the Shawn Garbett nor the names of its contributors
|
13
|
+
# may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
14
|
+
# without specific prior written permission.
|
15
|
+
#
|
16
|
+
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
|
17
|
+
# ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
|
18
|
+
# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
|
19
|
+
# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
20
|
+
# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
21
|
+
# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
|
22
|
+
# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
|
23
|
+
# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
|
24
|
+
# OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
|
25
|
+
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
|
26
|
+
#++
|
27
|
+
|
28
|
+
module GRATR
|
29
|
+
module Graph
|
30
|
+
module Distance
|
31
|
+
|
32
|
+
# Shortest path from Jorgen Band-Jensen and Gregory Gutin,
|
33
|
+
# _DIGRAPHS:_Theory,_Algorithms_and_Applications, pg 53-54
|
34
|
+
#
|
35
|
+
# Requires that the graph be acyclic. If the graph is not
|
36
|
+
# acyclic, then see dijkstras_algorithm or bellman_ford_moore
|
37
|
+
# for possible solutions.
|
38
|
+
#
|
39
|
+
# start is the starting vertex
|
40
|
+
# weight can be a Proc, or anything else is accessed using the [] for the
|
41
|
+
# the label or it defaults to using
|
42
|
+
# the value stored in the label for the Arc. If it is a Proc it will
|
43
|
+
# pass the edge to the proc and use the resulting value.
|
44
|
+
# zero is used for math system with a different definition of zero
|
45
|
+
#
|
46
|
+
# Returns a hash with the key being a vertex and the value being the
|
47
|
+
# distance. A missing vertex from the hash is an infinite distance
|
48
|
+
#
|
49
|
+
# Complexity O(n+m)
|
50
|
+
def shortest_path(start, weight=nil, zero=0)
|
51
|
+
dist = {start => zero}; path = {}
|
52
|
+
topsort(start) do |vi|
|
53
|
+
next if vi == start
|
54
|
+
dist[vi],path[vi] = adjacent(vi, :direction => :in).map do |vj|
|
55
|
+
[dist[vj] + cost(vj,vi,weight), vj]
|
56
|
+
end.min {|a,b| a[0] <=> b[0]}
|
57
|
+
end;
|
58
|
+
dist.keys.size == vertices.size ? [dist,path] : nil
|
59
|
+
end # shortest_path
|
60
|
+
|
61
|
+
# Algorithm from Jorgen Band-Jensen and Gregory Gutin,
|
62
|
+
# _DIGRAPHS:_Theory,_Algorithms_and_Applications, pg 53-54
|
63
|
+
#
|
64
|
+
# Finds the distances from a given vertex s in a weighted digraph
|
65
|
+
# to the rest of the vertices, provided all the weights of arcs
|
66
|
+
# are non-negative. If negative arcs exist in the graph, two
|
67
|
+
# basic options exist, 1) modify all weights to be positive by
|
68
|
+
# using an offset, or 2) use the bellman_ford_moore algorithm.
|
69
|
+
# Also if the graph is acyclic, use the shortest_path algorithm.
|
70
|
+
#
|
71
|
+
# weight can be a Proc, or anything else is accessed using the [] for the
|
72
|
+
# the label or it defaults to using
|
73
|
+
# the value stored in the label for the Arc. If it is a Proc it will
|
74
|
+
# pass the edge to the proc and use the resulting value.
|
75
|
+
#
|
76
|
+
# zero is used for math system with a different definition of zero
|
77
|
+
#
|
78
|
+
# Returns a hash with the key being a vertex and the value being the
|
79
|
+
# distance. A missing vertex from the hash is an infinite distance
|
80
|
+
#
|
81
|
+
# O(n*log(n) + m) complexity
|
82
|
+
def dijkstras_algorithm(s, weight = nil, zero = 0)
|
83
|
+
q = vertices; distance = { s => zero }; path = {}
|
84
|
+
while not q.empty?
|
85
|
+
v = (q & distance.keys).inject(nil) {|a,k| (!a.nil?) && (distance[a] < distance[k]) ? a : k}
|
86
|
+
q.delete(v)
|
87
|
+
(q & adjacent(v)).each do |u|
|
88
|
+
c = cost(v,u,weight)
|
89
|
+
if distance[u].nil? or distance[u] > (c+distance[v])
|
90
|
+
distance[u] = c + distance[v]
|
91
|
+
path[u] = v
|
92
|
+
end
|
93
|
+
end
|
94
|
+
end; [distance, path]
|
95
|
+
end # dijkstras_algorithm
|
96
|
+
|
97
|
+
# Algorithm from Jorgen Band-Jensen and Gregory Gutin,
|
98
|
+
# _DIGRAPHS:_Theory,_Algorithms_and_Applications, pg 56-58
|
99
|
+
#
|
100
|
+
# Finds the distances from a given vertex s in a weighted digraph
|
101
|
+
# to the rest of the vertices, provided the graph has no negative cycle.
|
102
|
+
# If no negative weights exist, then dijkstras_algorithm is more
|
103
|
+
# efficient in time and space. Also if the graph is acyclic, use the
|
104
|
+
# shortest_path algorithm.
|
105
|
+
#
|
106
|
+
# weight can be a Proc, or anything else is accessed using the [] for the
|
107
|
+
# the label or it defaults to using
|
108
|
+
# the value stored in the label for the Arc. If it is a Proc it will
|
109
|
+
# pass the edge to the proc and use the resulting value.
|
110
|
+
#
|
111
|
+
# zero is used for math system with a different definition of zero
|
112
|
+
#
|
113
|
+
# Returns a hash with the key being a vertex and the value being the
|
114
|
+
# distance. A missing vertex from the hash is an infinite distance
|
115
|
+
#
|
116
|
+
# O(nm) complexity
|
117
|
+
def bellman_ford_moore(start, weight = nil, zero = 0)
|
118
|
+
distance = { start => zero }; path = {}
|
119
|
+
2.upto(vertices.size) do
|
120
|
+
edges.each do |e|
|
121
|
+
u,v = e[0],e[1]
|
122
|
+
unless distance[u].nil?
|
123
|
+
c = cost(u, v, weight)+distance[u]
|
124
|
+
if distance[v].nil? or c < distance[v]
|
125
|
+
distance[v] = c
|
126
|
+
path[v] = u
|
127
|
+
end
|
128
|
+
end
|
129
|
+
end
|
130
|
+
end; [distance, path]
|
131
|
+
end # bellman_ford_moore
|
132
|
+
|
133
|
+
# This uses the Floyd-Warshall algorithm to efficiently find
|
134
|
+
# and record shortest paths at the same time as establishing
|
135
|
+
# the costs for all vertices in a graph.
|
136
|
+
# See, S.Skiena, "The Algorithm Design Manual",
|
137
|
+
# Springer Verlag, 1998 for more details.
|
138
|
+
#
|
139
|
+
# Returns a pair of matrices and a hash of delta values.
|
140
|
+
# The matrices will be indexed by two vertices and are
|
141
|
+
# implemented as a Hash of Hashes. The first matrix is the cost, the second
|
142
|
+
# matrix is the shortest path spanning tree. The delta (difference of number
|
143
|
+
# of in edges and out edges) is indexed by vertex.
|
144
|
+
#
|
145
|
+
# weight specifies how an edge weight is determined, if it's a
|
146
|
+
# Proc the Arc is passed to it, if it's nil it will just use
|
147
|
+
# the value in the label for the Arc, otherwise the weight is
|
148
|
+
# determined by applying the [] operator to the value in the
|
149
|
+
# label for the Arc
|
150
|
+
#
|
151
|
+
# zero defines the zero value in the math system used. Defaults
|
152
|
+
# of course, to 0. This allows for no assumptions to be made
|
153
|
+
# about the math system and fully functional duck typing.
|
154
|
+
#
|
155
|
+
# O(n^3) complexity in time.
|
156
|
+
def floyd_warshall(weight=nil, zero=0)
|
157
|
+
c = Hash.new {|h,k| h[k] = Hash.new}
|
158
|
+
path = Hash.new {|h,k| h[k] = Hash.new}
|
159
|
+
delta = Hash.new {|h,k| h[k] = 0}
|
160
|
+
edges.each do |e|
|
161
|
+
delta[e.source] += 1
|
162
|
+
delta[e.target] -= 1
|
163
|
+
path[e.source][e.target] = e.target
|
164
|
+
c[e.source][e.target] = cost(e, weight)
|
165
|
+
end
|
166
|
+
vertices.each do |k|
|
167
|
+
vertices.each do |i|
|
168
|
+
if c[i][k]
|
169
|
+
vertices.each do |j|
|
170
|
+
if c[k][j] &&
|
171
|
+
(c[i][j].nil? or c[i][j] > (c[i][k] + c[k][j]))
|
172
|
+
path[i][j] = path[i][k]
|
173
|
+
c[i][j] = c[i][k] + c[k][j]
|
174
|
+
return nil if i == j and c[i][j] < zero
|
175
|
+
end
|
176
|
+
end
|
177
|
+
end
|
178
|
+
end
|
179
|
+
end
|
180
|
+
[c, path, delta]
|
181
|
+
end # floyd_warshall
|
182
|
+
|
183
|
+
end # Distance
|
184
|
+
end # Graph
|
185
|
+
end # GRATR
|