graphql 2.0.30 → 2.3.6

data/lib/graphql/execution/interpreter/runtime.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
+require "graphql/execution/interpreter/runtime/graphql_result"
 
 module GraphQL
   module Execution
@@ -10,176 +11,19 @@ module GraphQL
       class Runtime
         class CurrentState
           def initialize
-            @current_object = nil
             @current_field = nil
             @current_arguments = nil
             @current_result_name = nil
             @current_result = nil
+            @was_authorized_by_scope_items = nil
           end
 
-          attr_accessor :current_result, :current_result_name,
-            :current_arguments, :current_field, :current_object
-        end
-
-        module GraphQLResult
-          def initialize(result_name, parent_result, is_non_null_in_parent)
-            @graphql_parent = parent_result
-            if parent_result && parent_result.graphql_dead
-              @graphql_dead = true
-            end
-            @graphql_result_name = result_name
-            @graphql_is_non_null_in_parent = is_non_null_in_parent
-            # Jump through some hoops to avoid creating this duplicate storage if at all possible.
-            @graphql_metadata = nil
-          end
-
-          def path
-            @path ||= build_path([])
-          end
-
-          def build_path(path_array)
-            graphql_result_name && path_array.unshift(graphql_result_name)
-            @graphql_parent ? @graphql_parent.build_path(path_array) : path_array
-          end
-
-          attr_accessor :graphql_dead
-          attr_reader :graphql_parent, :graphql_result_name, :graphql_is_non_null_in_parent
-
-          # @return [Hash] Plain-Ruby result data (`@graphql_metadata` contains Result wrapper objects)
-          attr_accessor :graphql_result_data
-        end
-
-        class GraphQLResultHash
-          def initialize(_result_name, _parent_result, _is_non_null_in_parent)
-            super
-            @graphql_result_data = {}
-          end
-
-          include GraphQLResult
-
-          attr_accessor :graphql_merged_into
-
-          def set_leaf(key, value)
-            # This is a hack.
-            # Basically, this object is merged into the root-level result at some point.
-            # But the problem is, some lazies are created whose closures retain reference to _this_
-            # object. When those lazies are resolved, they cause an update to this object.
-            #
-            # In order to return a proper top-level result, we have to update that top-level result object.
-            # In order to return a proper partial result (eg, for a directive), we have to update this object, too.
-            # Yowza.
-            if (t = @graphql_merged_into)
-              t.set_leaf(key, value)
-            end
-
-            @graphql_result_data[key] = value
-            # keep this up-to-date if it's been initialized
-            @graphql_metadata && @graphql_metadata[key] = value
-
-            value
-          end
-
-          def set_child_result(key, value)
-            if (t = @graphql_merged_into)
-              t.set_child_result(key, value)
-            end
-            @graphql_result_data[key] = value.graphql_result_data
-            # If we encounter some part of this response that requires metadata tracking,
-            # then create the metadata hash if necessary. It will be kept up-to-date after this.
-            (@graphql_metadata ||= @graphql_result_data.dup)[key] = value
-            value
-          end
-
-          def delete(key)
-            @graphql_metadata && @graphql_metadata.delete(key)
-            @graphql_result_data.delete(key)
-          end
-
-          def each
-            (@graphql_metadata || @graphql_result_data).each { |k, v| yield(k, v) }
-          end
-
-          def values
-            (@graphql_metadata || @graphql_result_data).values
-          end
-
-          def key?(k)
-            @graphql_result_data.key?(k)
-          end
-
-          def [](k)
-            (@graphql_metadata || @graphql_result_data)[k]
-          end
-
-          def merge_into(into_result)
-            self.each do |key, value|
-              case value
-              when GraphQLResultHash
-                next_into = into_result[key]
-                if next_into
-                  value.merge_into(next_into)
-                else
-                  into_result.set_child_result(key, value)
-                end
-              when GraphQLResultArray
-                # There's no special handling of arrays because currently, there's no way to split the execution
-                # of a list over several concurrent flows.
-                into_result.set_child_result(key, value)
-              else
-                # We have to assume that, since this passed the `fields_will_merge` selection,
-                # that the old and new values are the same.
-                into_result.set_leaf(key, value)
-              end
-            end
-            @graphql_merged_into = into_result
+          def current_object
+            @current_result.graphql_application_value
           end
-        end
-
-        class GraphQLResultArray
-          include GraphQLResult
 
-          def initialize(_result_name, _parent_result, _is_non_null_in_parent)
-            super
-            @graphql_result_data = []
-          end
-
-          def graphql_skip_at(index)
-            # Mark this index as dead. It's tricky because some indices may already be storing
-            # `Lazy`s. So the runtime is still holding indexes _before_ skipping,
-            # this object has to coordinate incoming writes to account for any already-skipped indices.
-            @skip_indices ||= []
-            @skip_indices << index
-            offset_by = @skip_indices.count { |skipped_idx| skipped_idx < index}
-            delete_at_index = index - offset_by
-            @graphql_metadata && @graphql_metadata.delete_at(delete_at_index)
-            @graphql_result_data.delete_at(delete_at_index)
-          end
-
-          def set_leaf(idx, value)
-            if @skip_indices
-              offset_by = @skip_indices.count { |skipped_idx| skipped_idx < idx }
-              idx -= offset_by
-            end
-            @graphql_result_data[idx] = value
-            @graphql_metadata && @graphql_metadata[idx] = value
-            value
-          end
-
-          def set_child_result(idx, value)
-            if @skip_indices
-              offset_by = @skip_indices.count { |skipped_idx| skipped_idx < idx }
-              idx -= offset_by
-            end
-            @graphql_result_data[idx] = value.graphql_result_data
-            # If we encounter some part of this response that requires metadata tracking,
-            # then create the metadata hash if necessary. It will be kept up-to-date after this.
-            (@graphql_metadata ||= @graphql_result_data.dup)[idx] = value
-            value
-          end
-
-          def values
-            (@graphql_metadata || @graphql_result_data)
-          end
+          attr_accessor :current_result, :current_result_name,
+            :current_arguments, :current_field, :was_authorized_by_scope_items
         end
 
         # @return [GraphQL::Query]
@@ -198,7 +42,7 @@ module GraphQL
           @lazies_at_depth = lazies_at_depth
           @schema = query.schema
           @context = query.context
-          @response = GraphQLResultHash.new(nil, nil, false)
+          @response = nil
           # Identify runtime directives by checking which of this schema's directives have overridden `def self.resolve`
           @runtime_directive_names = []
           noop_resolve_owner = GraphQL::Schema::Directive.singleton_class
@@ -208,12 +52,6 @@ module GraphQL
               @runtime_directive_names << name
             end
           end
-          # A cache of { Class => { String => Schema::Field } }
-          # Which assumes that MyObject.get_field("myField") will return the same field
-          # during the lifetime of a query
-          @fields_cache = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = {} }
-          # this can by by-identity since owners are the same object, but not the sub-hash, which uses strings.
-          @fields_cache.compare_by_identity
           # { Class => Boolean }
           @lazy_cache = {}
           @lazy_cache.compare_by_identity
@@ -227,16 +65,6 @@ module GraphQL
           "#<#{self.class.name} response=#{@response.inspect}>"
         end
 
-        def tap_or_each(obj_or_array)
-          if obj_or_array.is_a?(Array)
-            obj_or_array.each do |item|
-              yield(item, true)
-            end
-          else
-            yield(obj_or_array, false)
-          end
-        end
-
         # This _begins_ the execution. Some deferred work
         # might be stored up in lazies.
         # @return [void]
@@ -244,28 +72,21 @@ module GraphQL
           root_operation = query.selected_operation
           root_op_type = root_operation.operation_type || "query"
           root_type = schema.root_type_for_operation(root_op_type)
-          st = get_current_runtime_state
-          st.current_object = query.root_value
-          st.current_result = @response
           runtime_object = root_type.wrap(query.root_value, context)
           runtime_object = schema.sync_lazy(runtime_object)
+          is_eager = root_op_type == "mutation"
+          @response = GraphQLResultHash.new(nil, root_type, runtime_object, nil, false, root_operation.selections, is_eager)
+          st = get_current_runtime_state
+          st.current_result = @response
 
           if runtime_object.nil?
             # Root .authorized? returned false.
             @response = nil
           else
             call_method_on_directives(:resolve, runtime_object, root_operation.directives) do # execute query level directives
-              gathered_selections = gather_selections(runtime_object, root_type, root_operation.selections)
-              # This is kind of a hack -- `gathered_selections` is an Array if any of the selections
-              # require isolation during execution (because of runtime directives). In that case,
-              # make a new, isolated result hash for writing the result into. (That isolated response
-              # is eventually merged back into the main response)
-              #
-              # Otherwise, `gathered_selections` is a hash of selections which can be
-              # directly evaluated and the results can be written right into the main response hash.
-              tap_or_each(gathered_selections) do |selections, is_selection_array|
+              each_gathered_selections(@response) do |selections, is_selection_array|
                 if is_selection_array
-                  selection_response = GraphQLResultHash.new(nil, nil, false)
+                  selection_response = GraphQLResultHash.new(nil, root_type, runtime_object, nil, false, selections, is_eager)
                   final_response = @response
                 else
                   selection_response = @response
@@ -273,32 +94,30 @@ module GraphQL
                 end
 
                 @dataloader.append_job {
-                  st = get_current_runtime_state
-                  st.current_object = query.root_value
-                  st.current_result = selection_response
-                  # This is a less-frequent case; use a fast check since it's often not there.
-                  if (directives = selections[:graphql_directives])
-                    selections.delete(:graphql_directives)
-                  end
-                  call_method_on_directives(:resolve, runtime_object, directives) do
-                    evaluate_selections(
-                      runtime_object,
-                      root_type,
-                      root_op_type == "mutation",
-                      selections,
-                      selection_response,
-                      final_response,
-                      nil,
-                    )
-                  end
+                  evaluate_selections(
+                    selections,
+                    selection_response,
+                    final_response,
+                    nil,
+                  )
                 }
               end
             end
           end
-          delete_all_interpreter_context
           nil
         end
 
+        def each_gathered_selections(response_hash)
+          gathered_selections = gather_selections(response_hash.graphql_application_value, response_hash.graphql_result_type, response_hash.graphql_selections)
+          if gathered_selections.is_a?(Array)
+            gathered_selections.each do |item|
+              yield(item, true)
+            end
+          else
+            yield(gathered_selections, false)
+          end
+        end
+
         def gather_selections(owner_object, owner_type, selections, selections_to_run = nil, selections_by_name = {})
           selections.each do |node|
             # Skip gathering this if the directive says so
@@ -311,7 +130,7 @@ module GraphQL
               selections = selections_by_name[response_key]
               # if there was already a selection of this field,
               # use an array to hold all selections,
-              # otherise, use the single node to represent the selection
+              # otherwise, use the single node to represent the selection
               if selections
                 # This field was already selected at least once,
                 # add this node to the list of selections
@@ -344,17 +163,26 @@ module GraphQL
                   type_defn = schema.get_type(node.type.name, context)
 
                   if query.warden.possible_types(type_defn).include?(owner_type)
-                    gather_selections(owner_object, owner_type, node.selections, selections_to_run, next_selections)
+                    result = gather_selections(owner_object, owner_type, node.selections, selections_to_run, next_selections)
+                    if !result.equal?(next_selections)
+                      selections_to_run = result
+                    end
                   end
                 else
                   # it's an untyped fragment, definitely continue
-                  gather_selections(owner_object, owner_type, node.selections, selections_to_run, next_selections)
+                  result = gather_selections(owner_object, owner_type, node.selections, selections_to_run, next_selections)
+                  if !result.equal?(next_selections)
+                    selections_to_run = result
+                  end
                 end
               when GraphQL::Language::Nodes::FragmentSpread
                 fragment_def = query.fragments[node.name]
                 type_defn = query.get_type(fragment_def.type.name)
                 if query.warden.possible_types(type_defn).include?(owner_type)
-                  gather_selections(owner_object, owner_type, fragment_def.selections, selections_to_run, next_selections)
+                  result = gather_selections(owner_object, owner_type, fragment_def.selections, selections_to_run, next_selections)
+                  if !result.equal?(next_selections)
+                    selections_to_run = result
+                  end
                 end
               else
                 raise "Invariant: unexpected selection class: #{node.class}"
@@ -367,38 +195,44 @@ module GraphQL
         NO_ARGS = GraphQL::EmptyObjects::EMPTY_HASH
 
         # @return [void]
-        def evaluate_selections(owner_object, owner_type, is_eager_selection, gathered_selections, selections_result, target_result, parent_object) # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
-          st = get_current_runtime_state
-          st.current_object = owner_object
-          st.current_result_name = nil
-          st.current_result = selections_result
-
-          finished_jobs = 0
-          enqueued_jobs = gathered_selections.size
-          gathered_selections.each do |result_name, field_ast_nodes_or_ast_node|
-            @dataloader.append_job {
-              evaluate_selection(
-                result_name, field_ast_nodes_or_ast_node, owner_object, owner_type, is_eager_selection, selections_result, parent_object
-              )
-              finished_jobs += 1
-              if target_result && finished_jobs == enqueued_jobs
-                selections_result.merge_into(target_result)
+        def evaluate_selections(gathered_selections, selections_result, target_result, runtime_state) # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
+          runtime_state ||= get_current_runtime_state
+          runtime_state.current_result_name = nil
+          runtime_state.current_result = selections_result
+          # This is a less-frequent case; use a fast check since it's often not there.
+          if (directives = gathered_selections[:graphql_directives])
+            gathered_selections.delete(:graphql_directives)
+          end
+
+          call_method_on_directives(:resolve, selections_result.graphql_application_value, directives) do
+            finished_jobs = 0
+            enqueued_jobs = gathered_selections.size
+            gathered_selections.each do |result_name, field_ast_nodes_or_ast_node|
+              @dataloader.append_job {
+                evaluate_selection(
+                  result_name, field_ast_nodes_or_ast_node, selections_result
+                )
+                finished_jobs += 1
+                if target_result && finished_jobs == enqueued_jobs
+                  selections_result.merge_into(target_result)
+                end
+              }
+              # Field resolution may pause the fiber,
+              # so it wouldn't get to the `Resolve` call that happens below.
+              # So instead trigger a run from this outer context.
+              if selections_result.graphql_is_eager
+                @dataloader.clear_cache
+                @dataloader.run
+                @dataloader.clear_cache
               end
-            }
-            # Field resolution may pause the fiber,
-            # so it wouldn't get to the `Resolve` call that happens below.
-            # So instead trigger a run from this outer context.
-            if is_eager_selection
-              @dataloader.run
             end
+            selections_result
           end
-
-          selections_result
         end
 
         # @return [void]
-        def evaluate_selection(result_name, field_ast_nodes_or_ast_node, owner_object, owner_type, is_eager_field, selections_result, parent_object) # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
-          return if dead_result?(selections_result)
+        def evaluate_selection(result_name, field_ast_nodes_or_ast_node, selections_result) # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
+          return if selections_result.graphql_dead
           # As a performance optimization, the hash key will be a `Node` if
           # there's only one selection of the field. But if there are multiple
           # selections of the field, it will be an Array of nodes
@@ -410,59 +244,42 @@ module GraphQL
             ast_node = field_ast_nodes_or_ast_node
           end
           field_name = ast_node.name
-          # This can't use `query.get_field` because it gets confused on introspection below if `field_defn` isn't `nil`,
-          # because of how `is_introspection` is used to call `.authorized_new` later on.
-          field_defn = @fields_cache[owner_type][field_name] ||= owner_type.get_field(field_name, @context)
-          is_introspection = false
-          if field_defn.nil?
-            field_defn = if owner_type == schema.query && (entry_point_field = schema.introspection_system.entry_point(name: field_name))
-              is_introspection = true
-              entry_point_field
-            elsif (dynamic_field = schema.introspection_system.dynamic_field(name: field_name))
-              is_introspection = true
-              dynamic_field
-            else
-              raise "Invariant: no field for #{owner_type}.#{field_name}"
-            end
-          end
-
-          return_type = field_defn.type
+          owner_type = selections_result.graphql_result_type
+          field_defn = query.warden.get_field(owner_type, field_name)
 
-          # This seems janky, but we need to know
-          # the field's return type at this path in order
-          # to propagate `null`
-          return_type_non_null = return_type.non_null?
           # Set this before calling `run_with_directives`, so that the directive can have the latest path
-          st = get_current_runtime_state
-          st.current_field = field_defn
-          st.current_result = selections_result
-          st.current_result_name = result_name
+          runtime_state = get_current_runtime_state
+          runtime_state.current_field = field_defn
+          runtime_state.current_result = selections_result
+          runtime_state.current_result_name = result_name
 
-          if is_introspection
+          owner_object = selections_result.graphql_application_value
+          if field_defn.dynamic_introspection
             owner_object = field_defn.owner.wrap(owner_object, context)
           end
 
-          total_args_count = field_defn.arguments(context).size
-          if total_args_count == 0
+          if !field_defn.any_arguments?
             resolved_arguments = GraphQL::Execution::Interpreter::Arguments::EMPTY
             if field_defn.extras.size == 0
               evaluate_selection_with_resolved_keyword_args(
-                NO_ARGS, resolved_arguments, field_defn, ast_node, field_ast_nodes, owner_type, owner_object, is_eager_field, result_name, selections_result, parent_object, return_type, return_type_non_null
+                NO_ARGS, resolved_arguments, field_defn, ast_node, field_ast_nodes, owner_object, result_name, selections_result, runtime_state
               )
             else
-              evaluate_selection_with_args(resolved_arguments, field_defn, ast_node, field_ast_nodes, owner_type, owner_object, is_eager_field, result_name, selections_result, parent_object, return_type, return_type_non_null)
+              evaluate_selection_with_args(resolved_arguments, field_defn, ast_node, field_ast_nodes, owner_object, result_name, selections_result, runtime_state)
             end
           else
             @query.arguments_cache.dataload_for(ast_node, field_defn, owner_object) do |resolved_arguments|
-              evaluate_selection_with_args(resolved_arguments, field_defn, ast_node, field_ast_nodes, owner_type, owner_object, is_eager_field, result_name, selections_result, parent_object, return_type, return_type_non_null)
+              runtime_state = get_current_runtime_state # This might be in a different fiber
+              evaluate_selection_with_args(resolved_arguments, field_defn, ast_node, field_ast_nodes, owner_object, result_name, selections_result, runtime_state)
             end
           end
         end
 
-        def evaluate_selection_with_args(arguments, field_defn, ast_node, field_ast_nodes, owner_type, object, is_eager_field, result_name, selection_result, parent_object, return_type, return_type_non_null)  # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
-          after_lazy(arguments, field: field_defn, ast_node: ast_node, owner_object: object, arguments: arguments, result_name: result_name, result: selection_result) do |resolved_arguments|
+        def evaluate_selection_with_args(arguments, field_defn, ast_node, field_ast_nodes, object, result_name, selection_result, runtime_state)  # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
+          after_lazy(arguments, field: field_defn, ast_node: ast_node, owner_object: object, arguments: arguments, result_name: result_name, result: selection_result, runtime_state: runtime_state) do |resolved_arguments, runtime_state|
             if resolved_arguments.is_a?(GraphQL::ExecutionError) || resolved_arguments.is_a?(GraphQL::UnauthorizedError)
-              continue_value(resolved_arguments, owner_type, field_defn, return_type_non_null, ast_node, result_name, selection_result)
+              return_type_non_null = field_defn.type.non_null?
+              continue_value(resolved_arguments, field_defn, return_type_non_null, ast_node, result_name, selection_result)
               next
             end
 
@@ -500,7 +317,8 @@ module GraphQL
                   # to the keyword args hash _before_ freezing everything.
                   extra_args[:argument_details] = :__arguments_add_self
                 when :parent
-                  extra_args[:parent] = parent_object
+                  parent_result = selection_result.graphql_parent
+                  extra_args[:parent] = parent_result&.graphql_application_value&.object
                 else
                   extra_args[extra] = field_defn.fetch_extra(extra, context)
                 end
@@ -511,17 +329,15 @@ module GraphQL
               resolved_arguments.keyword_arguments
             end
 
-            evaluate_selection_with_resolved_keyword_args(kwarg_arguments, resolved_arguments, field_defn, ast_node, field_ast_nodes, owner_type, object, is_eager_field, result_name, selection_result, parent_object, return_type, return_type_non_null)
+            evaluate_selection_with_resolved_keyword_args(kwarg_arguments, resolved_arguments, field_defn, ast_node, field_ast_nodes, object, result_name, selection_result, runtime_state)
           end
         end
 
-        def evaluate_selection_with_resolved_keyword_args(kwarg_arguments, resolved_arguments, field_defn, ast_node, field_ast_nodes, owner_type, object, is_eager_field, result_name, selection_result, parent_object, return_type, return_type_non_null)  # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
-          st = get_current_runtime_state
-          st.current_field = field_defn
-          st.current_object = object
-          st.current_arguments = resolved_arguments
-          st.current_result_name = result_name
-          st.current_result = selection_result
+        def evaluate_selection_with_resolved_keyword_args(kwarg_arguments, resolved_arguments, field_defn, ast_node, field_ast_nodes, object, result_name, selection_result, runtime_state)  # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
+          runtime_state.current_field = field_defn
+          runtime_state.current_arguments = resolved_arguments
+          runtime_state.current_result_name = result_name
+          runtime_state.current_result = selection_result
           # Optimize for the case that field is selected only once
           if field_ast_nodes.nil? || field_ast_nodes.size == 1
             next_selections = ast_node.selections
@@ -536,6 +352,14 @@ module GraphQL
           end
 
           field_result = call_method_on_directives(:resolve, object, directives) do
+            if directives.any?
+              # This might be executed in a different context; reset this info
+              runtime_state = get_current_runtime_state
+              runtime_state.current_field = field_defn
+              runtime_state.current_arguments = resolved_arguments
+              runtime_state.current_result_name = result_name
+              runtime_state.current_result = selection_result
+            end
             # Actually call the field resolver and capture the result
             app_result = begin
               @current_trace.execute_field(field: field_defn, ast_node: ast_node, query: query, object: object, arguments: kwarg_arguments) do
@@ -550,32 +374,27 @@ module GraphQL
                 ex_err
               end
             end
-            after_lazy(app_result, field: field_defn, ast_node: ast_node, owner_object: object, arguments: resolved_arguments, result_name: result_name, result: selection_result) do |inner_result|
-              continue_value = continue_value(inner_result, owner_type, field_defn, return_type_non_null, ast_node, result_name, selection_result)
+            after_lazy(app_result, field: field_defn, ast_node: ast_node, owner_object: object, arguments: resolved_arguments, result_name: result_name, result: selection_result, runtime_state: runtime_state) do |inner_result, runtime_state|
+              owner_type = selection_result.graphql_result_type
+              return_type = field_defn.type
+              continue_value = continue_value(inner_result, field_defn, return_type.non_null?, ast_node, result_name, selection_result)
               if HALT != continue_value
-                continue_field(continue_value, owner_type, field_defn, return_type, ast_node, next_selections, false, object, resolved_arguments, result_name, selection_result)
+                was_scoped = runtime_state.was_authorized_by_scope_items
+                runtime_state.was_authorized_by_scope_items = nil
+                continue_field(continue_value, owner_type, field_defn, return_type, ast_node, next_selections, false, object, resolved_arguments, result_name, selection_result, was_scoped, runtime_state)
               end
             end
           end
-
           # If this field is a root mutation field, immediately resolve
           # all of its child fields before moving on to the next root mutation field.
           # (Subselections of this mutation will still be resolved level-by-level.)
-          if is_eager_field
+          if selection_result.graphql_is_eager
             Interpreter::Resolve.resolve_all([field_result], @dataloader)
-          else
-            # Return this from `after_lazy` because it might be another lazy that needs to be resolved
-            field_result
           end
         end
 
-
-        def dead_result?(selection_result)
-          selection_result.graphql_dead  # || ((parent = selection_result.graphql_parent) && parent.graphql_dead)
-        end
-
         def set_result(selection_result, result_name, value, is_child_result, is_non_null)
-          if !dead_result?(selection_result)
+          if !selection_result.graphql_dead
             if value.nil? && is_non_null
               # This is an invalid nil that should be propagated
               # One caller of this method passes a block,
@@ -629,11 +448,13 @@ module GraphQL
         end
 
         HALT = Object.new
-        def continue_value(value, parent_type, field, is_non_null, ast_node, result_name, selection_result) # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
+        def continue_value(value, field, is_non_null, ast_node, result_name, selection_result) # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
           case value
           when nil
             if is_non_null
               set_result(selection_result, result_name, nil, false, is_non_null) do
+                # When this comes from a list item, use the parent object:
+                parent_type = selection_result.is_a?(GraphQLResultArray) ? selection_result.graphql_parent.graphql_result_type : selection_result.graphql_result_type
                 # This block is called if `result_name` is not dead. (Maybe a previous invalid nil caused it be marked dead.)
                 err = parent_type::InvalidNullError.new(parent_type, field, value)
                 schema.type_error(err, context)
@@ -647,7 +468,7 @@ module GraphQL
             # to avoid the overhead of checking three different classes
             # every time.
             if value.is_a?(GraphQL::ExecutionError)
-              if selection_result.nil? || !dead_result?(selection_result)
+              if selection_result.nil? || !selection_result.graphql_dead
                 value.path ||= current_path
                 value.ast_node ||= ast_node
                 context.errors << value
@@ -665,7 +486,7 @@ module GraphQL
               rescue GraphQL::ExecutionError => err
                 err
               end
-              continue_value(next_value, parent_type, field, is_non_null, ast_node, result_name, selection_result)
+              continue_value(next_value, field, is_non_null, ast_node, result_name, selection_result)
             elsif value.is_a?(GraphQL::UnauthorizedError)
               # this hook might raise & crash, or it might return
               # a replacement value
@@ -674,7 +495,7 @@ module GraphQL
               rescue GraphQL::ExecutionError => err
                 err
               end
-              continue_value(next_value, parent_type, field, is_non_null, ast_node, result_name, selection_result)
+              continue_value(next_value, field, is_non_null, ast_node, result_name, selection_result)
             elsif GraphQL::Execution::SKIP == value
               # It's possible a lazy was already written here
               case selection_result
@@ -695,9 +516,9 @@ module GraphQL
             end
           when Array
             # It's an array full of execution errors; add them all.
-            if value.any? && value.all? { |v| v.is_a?(GraphQL::ExecutionError) }
+            if value.any? && value.all?(GraphQL::ExecutionError)
               list_type_at_all = (field && (field.type.list?))
-              if selection_result.nil? || !dead_result?(selection_result)
+              if selection_result.nil? || !selection_result.graphql_dead
                 value.each_with_index do |error, index|
                   error.ast_node ||= ast_node
                   error.path ||= current_path + (list_type_at_all ? [index] : [])
@@ -733,7 +554,7 @@ module GraphQL
         # Location information from `path` and `ast_node`.
         #
         # @return [Lazy, Array, Hash, Object] Lazy, Array, and Hash are all traversed to resolve lazy values later
-        def continue_field(value, owner_type, field, current_type, ast_node, next_selections, is_non_null, owner_object, arguments, result_name, selection_result) # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
+        def continue_field(value, owner_type, field, current_type, ast_node, next_selections, is_non_null, owner_object, arguments, result_name, selection_result, was_scoped, runtime_state) # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
           if current_type.non_null?
             current_type = current_type.of_type
             is_non_null = true
@@ -750,7 +571,7 @@ module GraphQL
             r
           when "UNION", "INTERFACE"
             resolved_type_or_lazy = resolve_type(current_type, value)
-            after_lazy(resolved_type_or_lazy, ast_node: ast_node, field: field, owner_object: owner_object, arguments: arguments, trace: false, result_name: result_name, result: selection_result) do |resolved_type_result|
+            after_lazy(resolved_type_or_lazy, ast_node: ast_node, field: field, owner_object: owner_object, arguments: arguments, trace: false, result_name: result_name, result: selection_result, runtime_state: runtime_state) do |resolved_type_result, runtime_state|
               if resolved_type_result.is_a?(Array) && resolved_type_result.length == 2
                 resolved_type, resolved_value = resolved_type_result
               else
@@ -767,60 +588,35 @@ module GraphQL
                 set_result(selection_result, result_name, nil, false, is_non_null)
                 nil
               else
-                continue_field(resolved_value, owner_type, field, resolved_type, ast_node, next_selections, is_non_null, owner_object, arguments, result_name, selection_result)
+                continue_field(resolved_value, owner_type, field, resolved_type, ast_node, next_selections, is_non_null, owner_object, arguments, result_name, selection_result, was_scoped, runtime_state)
               end
             end
           when "OBJECT"
             object_proxy = begin
-              current_type.wrap(value, context)
+              was_scoped ? current_type.wrap_scoped(value, context) : current_type.wrap(value, context)
             rescue GraphQL::ExecutionError => err
               err
             end
-            after_lazy(object_proxy, ast_node: ast_node, field: field, owner_object: owner_object, arguments: arguments, trace: false, result_name: result_name, result: selection_result) do |inner_object|
-              continue_value = continue_value(inner_object, owner_type, field, is_non_null, ast_node, result_name, selection_result)
+            after_lazy(object_proxy, ast_node: ast_node, field: field, owner_object: owner_object, arguments: arguments, trace: false, result_name: result_name, result: selection_result, runtime_state: runtime_state) do |inner_object, runtime_state|
+              continue_value = continue_value(inner_object, field, is_non_null, ast_node, result_name, selection_result)
               if HALT != continue_value
-                response_hash = GraphQLResultHash.new(result_name, selection_result, is_non_null)
+                response_hash = GraphQLResultHash.new(result_name, current_type, continue_value, selection_result, is_non_null, next_selections, false)
                 set_result(selection_result, result_name, response_hash, true, is_non_null)
-                gathered_selections = gather_selections(continue_value, current_type, next_selections)
-                # There are two possibilities for `gathered_selections`:
-                # 1. All selections of this object should be evaluated together (there are no runtime directives modifying execution).
-                #    This case is handled below, and the result can be written right into the main `response_hash` above.
-                #    In this case, `gathered_selections` is a hash of selections.
-                # 2. Some selections of this object have runtime directives that may or may not modify execution.
-                #    That part of the selection is evaluated in an isolated way, writing into a sub-response object which is
-                #    eventually merged into the final response. In this case, `gathered_selections` is an array of things to run in isolation.
-                #    (Technically, it's possible that one of those entries _doesn't_ require isolation.)
-                tap_or_each(gathered_selections) do |selections, is_selection_array|
+                each_gathered_selections(response_hash) do |selections, is_selection_array|
                   if is_selection_array
-                    this_result = GraphQLResultHash.new(result_name, selection_result, is_non_null)
+                    this_result = GraphQLResultHash.new(result_name, current_type, continue_value, selection_result, is_non_null, selections, false)
                     final_result = response_hash
                   else
                     this_result = response_hash
                     final_result = nil
                   end
-                  # reset this mutable state
-                  # Unset `result_name` here because it's already included in the new response hash
-                  st = get_current_runtime_state
-                  st.current_object = continue_value
-                  st.current_result_name = nil
-                  st.current_result = this_result
 
-                  # This is a less-frequent case; use a fast check since it's often not there.
-                  if (directives = selections[:graphql_directives])
-                    selections.delete(:graphql_directives)
-                  end
-                  call_method_on_directives(:resolve, continue_value, directives) do
-                    evaluate_selections(
-                      continue_value,
-                      current_type,
-                      false,
-                      selections,
-                      this_result,
-                      final_result,
-                      owner_object.object,
-                    )
-                    this_result
-                  end
+                  evaluate_selections(
+                    selections,
+                    this_result,
+                    final_result,
+                    runtime_state,
+                  )
                 end
               end
             end
@@ -829,7 +625,7 @@ module GraphQL
             # This is true for objects, unions, and interfaces
             use_dataloader_job = !inner_type.unwrap.kind.input?
             inner_type_non_null = inner_type.non_null?
-            response_list = GraphQLResultArray.new(result_name, selection_result, is_non_null)
+            response_list = GraphQLResultArray.new(result_name, current_type, owner_object, selection_result, is_non_null, next_selections, false)
             set_result(selection_result, result_name, response_list, true, is_non_null)
             idx = nil
             list_value = begin
@@ -839,10 +635,10 @@ module GraphQL
                 idx += 1
                 if use_dataloader_job
                   @dataloader.append_job do
-                    resolve_list_item(inner_value, inner_type, inner_type_non_null, ast_node, field, owner_object, arguments, this_idx, response_list, next_selections, owner_type)
+                    resolve_list_item(inner_value, inner_type, inner_type_non_null, ast_node, field, owner_object, arguments, this_idx, response_list, owner_type, was_scoped, runtime_state)
                   end
                 else
-                  resolve_list_item(inner_value, inner_type, inner_type_non_null, ast_node, field, owner_object, arguments, this_idx, response_list, next_selections, owner_type)
+                  resolve_list_item(inner_value, inner_type, inner_type_non_null, ast_node, field, owner_object, arguments, this_idx, response_list, owner_type, was_scoped, runtime_state)
                 end
               end
 
@@ -867,22 +663,21 @@ module GraphQL
             end
             # Detect whether this error came while calling `.each` (before `idx` is set) or while running list *items* (after `idx` is set)
             error_is_non_null = idx.nil? ? is_non_null : inner_type.non_null?
-            continue_value(list_value, owner_type, field, error_is_non_null, ast_node, result_name, selection_result)
+            continue_value(list_value, field, error_is_non_null, ast_node, result_name, selection_result)
           else
             raise "Invariant: Unhandled type kind #{current_type.kind} (#{current_type})"
           end
         end
 
-        def resolve_list_item(inner_value, inner_type, inner_type_non_null, ast_node, field, owner_object, arguments, this_idx, response_list, next_selections, owner_type) # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
-          st = get_current_runtime_state
-          st.current_result_name = this_idx
-          st.current_result = response_list
+        def resolve_list_item(inner_value, inner_type, inner_type_non_null, ast_node, field, owner_object, arguments, this_idx, response_list, owner_type, was_scoped, runtime_state) # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
+          runtime_state.current_result_name = this_idx
+          runtime_state.current_result = response_list
           call_method_on_directives(:resolve_each, owner_object, ast_node.directives) do
             # This will update `response_list` with the lazy
-            after_lazy(inner_value, ast_node: ast_node, field: field, owner_object: owner_object, arguments: arguments, result_name: this_idx, result: response_list) do |inner_inner_value|
-              continue_value = continue_value(inner_inner_value, owner_type, field, inner_type_non_null, ast_node, this_idx, response_list)
+            after_lazy(inner_value, ast_node: ast_node, field: field, owner_object: owner_object, arguments: arguments, result_name: this_idx, result: response_list, runtime_state: runtime_state) do |inner_inner_value, runtime_state|
+              continue_value = continue_value(inner_inner_value, field, inner_type_non_null, ast_node, this_idx, response_list)
               if HALT != continue_value
-                continue_field(continue_value, owner_type, field, inner_type, ast_node, next_selections, false, owner_object, arguments, this_idx, response_list)
+                continue_field(continue_value, owner_type, field, inner_type, ast_node, response_list.graphql_selections, false, owner_object, arguments, this_idx, response_list, was_scoped, runtime_state)
               end
             end
           end
@@ -902,7 +697,6 @@ module GraphQL
             raw_dir_args = arguments(nil, dir_defn, dir_node)
             dir_args = continue_value(
               raw_dir_args, # value
-              dir_defn, # parent_type
               nil, # field
               false, # is_non_null
               dir_node, # ast_node
@@ -959,16 +753,20 @@ module GraphQL
         # @param eager [Boolean] Set to `true` for mutation root fields only
         # @param trace [Boolean] If `false`, don't wrap this with field tracing
         # @return [GraphQL::Execution::Lazy, Object] If loading `object` will be deferred, it's a wrapper over it.
-        def after_lazy(lazy_obj, field:, owner_object:, arguments:, ast_node:, result:, result_name:, eager: false, trace: true, &block)
+        def after_lazy(lazy_obj, field:, owner_object:, arguments:, ast_node:, result:, result_name:, eager: false, runtime_state:, trace: true, &block)
           if lazy?(lazy_obj)
             orig_result = result
+            was_authorized_by_scope_items = runtime_state.was_authorized_by_scope_items
             lazy = GraphQL::Execution::Lazy.new(field: field) do
-              st = get_current_runtime_state
-              st.current_object = owner_object
-              st.current_field = field
-              st.current_arguments = arguments
-              st.current_result_name = result_name
-              st.current_result = orig_result
+              # This block might be called in a new fiber;
+              # In that case, this will initialize a new state
+              # to avoid conflicting with the parent fiber.
+              runtime_state = get_current_runtime_state
+              runtime_state.current_field = field
+              runtime_state.current_arguments = arguments
+              runtime_state.current_result_name = result_name
+              runtime_state.current_result = orig_result
+              runtime_state.was_authorized_by_scope_items = was_authorized_by_scope_items
               # Wrap the execution of _this_ method with tracing,
               # but don't wrap the continuation below
               inner_obj = begin
@@ -988,7 +786,7 @@ module GraphQL
                   ex_err
                 end
               end
-              yield(inner_obj)
+              yield(inner_obj, runtime_state)
             end
 
             if eager
@@ -1005,7 +803,7 @@ module GraphQL
             end
           else
             # Don't need to reset state here because it _wasn't_ lazy.
-            yield(lazy_obj)
+            yield(lazy_obj, runtime_state)
           end
         end