graphlient 0.7.0 → 0.9.0

data/README.md

@@ -1,508 +1,800 @@
-# Graphlient
-
-[![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/graphlient.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/rb/graphlient)
-[![Build Status](https://github.com/ashkan18/graphlient/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ashkan18/graphlient/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
-
-A friendlier Ruby client for consuming GraphQL-based APIs. Built on top of your usual [graphql-client](https://github.com/github/graphql-client), but with better defaults, more consistent error handling, and using the [faraday](https://github.com/lostisland/faraday) HTTP client.
-
-# Table of Contents
-
-- [Installation](#installation)
-- [Usage](#usage)
-  - [Schema storing and loading on disk](#schema-storing-and-loading-on-disk)
-  - [Error Handling](#error-handling)
-  - [Executing Parameterized Queries and Mutations](#executing-parameterized-queries-and-mutations)
-  - [Parse and Execute Queries Separately](#parse-and-execute-queries-separately)
-  - [Dynamic vs. Static Queries](#dynamic-vs-static-queries)
-  - [Generate Queries with Graphlient::Query](#generate-queries-with-graphlientquery)
-  - [Create API Client Classes with Graphlient::Extension::Query](#create-api-client-classes-with-graphlientextensionquery)
-  - [Swapping the HTTP Stack](#swapping-the-http-stack)
-  - [Testing with Graphlient and RSpec](#testing-with-graphlient-and-rspec)
--  [License](#license)
-
-## Installation
-
-Add the following line to your Gemfile.
-
-```ruby
-gem 'graphlient'
-```
-
-## Usage
-
-Create a new instance of `Graphlient::Client` with a URL and optional headers/http_options.
-
-```ruby
-client = Graphlient::Client.new('https://test-graphql.biz/graphql',
-  headers: {
-    'Authorization' => 'Bearer 123'
-  },
-  http_options: {
-    read_timeout: 20,
-    write_timeout: 30
-  }
-)
-```
-
-| http_options  | default | type    |
-|---------------|---------|---------|
-| read_timeout  | nil     | seconds |
-| write_timeout | nil     | seconds |
-
-The schema is available automatically via `.schema`.
-
-```ruby
-client.schema # GraphQL::Schema
-```
-
-Make queries with `query`, which takes a String or a block for the query definition.
-
-With a String.
-
-```ruby
-response = client.query <<~GRAPHQL
-  query {
-    invoice(id: 10) {
-      id
-      total
-      line_items {
-        price
-        item_type
-      }
-    }
-  }
-GRAPHQL
-```
-
-With a block.
-
-```ruby
-response = client.query do
-  query do
-    invoice(id: 10) do
-      id
-      total
-      line_items do
-        price
-        item_type
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-```
-
-This will call the endpoint setup in the configuration with `POST`, the `Authorization` header and `query` as follows.
-
-```graphql
-query {
-  invoice(id: 10) {
-    id
-    total
-    line_items {
-      price
-      item_type
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-A successful response object always contains data which can be iterated upon. The following example returns the first line item's price.
-
-```ruby
-response.data.invoice.line_items.first.price
-```
-
-You can also execute mutations the same way.
-
-```ruby
-response = client.query do
-  mutation do
-    createInvoice(input: { fee_in_cents: 12_345 }) do
-      id
-      fee_in_cents
-    end
-  end
-end
-```
-
-The successful response contains data in `response.data`. The following example returns the newly created invoice's ID.
-
-```ruby
-response.data.create_invoice.first.id
-```
-
-### Schema storing and loading on disk
-
-To reduce requests to graphql API you can cache schema:
-
-```ruby
-client = Client.new(url, schema_path: 'config/your_graphql_schema.json')
-client.schema.dump! # you only need to call this when graphql schema changes
-```
-
-### Error Handling
-
-Unlike graphql-client, Graphlient will always raise an exception unless the query has succeeded.
-
-* [Graphlient::Errors::ClientError](lib/graphlient/errors/client_error.rb): all client-side query validation failures based on current schema
-* [Graphlient::Errors::GraphQLError](lib/graphlient/errors/graphql_error.rb): all GraphQL API errors, with a humanly readable collection of problems
-* [Graphlient::Errors::ExecutionError](lib/graphlient/errors/execution_error.rb): all GraphQL execution errors, with a humanly readable collection of problems
-* [Graphlient::Errors::ServerError](lib/graphlient/errors/server_error.rb): all transport errors raised by HTTP Adapters. You can access `inner_exception`, `status_code` and `response` on these errors to get more details on what went wrong
-* [Graphlient::Errors::FaradayServerError](lib/graphlient/errors/faraday_server_error.rb): this inherits from `ServerError` ☝️, we recommend using `ServerError` to rescue these
-* [Graphlient::Errors::HttpServerError](lib/graphlient/errors/http_server_error.rb): this inherits from `ServerError` ☝️, we recommend using `ServerError` to rescue these
-* [Graphlient::Errors::ConnectionFailedError](lib/graphlient/errors/connection_failed_error.rb): this inherits from `ServerError` ☝️, we recommend using `ServerError` to rescue these
-* [Graphlient::Errors::TimeoutError](lib/graphlient/errors/timeout_error.rb): this inherits from `ServerError` ☝️, we recommend using `ServerError` to rescue these
-* [Graphlient::Errors::HttpOptionsError](lib/graphlient/errors/http_options_error.rb): all NoMethodError raised by HTTP Adapters when given options in `http_options` are invalid
-
-
-All errors inherit from `Graphlient::Errors::Error` if you need to handle them in bulk.
-
-### Executing Parameterized Queries and Mutations
-
-Graphlient can execute parameterized queries and mutations by providing variables as query parameters.
-
-The following query accepts an array of IDs.
-
-With a String.
-
-```ruby
-query = <<-GRAPHQL
-  query($ids: [Int]) {
-    invoices(ids: $ids) {
-      id
-      fee_in_cents
-    }
-  }
-GRAPHQL
-variables = { ids: [42] }
-
-client.query(query, variables)
-```
-
-With a block.
-
-```ruby
-client.query(ids: [42]) do
-  query(ids: [:int]) do
-    invoices(ids: :ids) do
-      id
-      fee_in_cents
-    end
-  end
-end
-```
-Graphlient supports following Scalar types for parameterized queries by default:
-- `:id` maps to `ID`
-- `:boolean` maps to `Boolean`
-- `:float` maps to `Float`
-- `:int` maps to `Int`
-- `:string` maps to `String`
-
-You can use any of the above types with `!` to make it required or use them in `[]` for array parameters.
-
-For any other custom types, graphlient will simply use `to_s` of the symbol provided for the type, so `query(ids: [:InvoiceType!])` will result in `query($ids: [InvoiceType!])`.
-
-The following mutation accepts a custom type that requires `fee_in_cents`.
-
-```ruby
-client.query(input: { fee_in_cents: 12_345 }) do
-  mutation(input: :createInvoiceInput!) do
-    createInvoice(input: :input) do
-      id
-      fee_in_cents
-    end
-  end
-end
-```
-
-### Parse and Execute Queries Separately
-
-You can `parse` and `execute` queries separately with optional variables. This is highly recommended as parsing a query and validating a query on every request adds performance overhead. Parsing queries early allows validation errors to be discovered before request time and avoids many potential security issues.
-
-
-```ruby
-# parse a query, returns a GraphQL::Client::OperationDefinition
-query = client.parse do
-  query(ids: [:int]) do
-    invoices(ids: :ids) do
-      id
-      fee_in_cents
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-# execute a query, returns a GraphQL::Client::Response
-client.execute query, ids: [42]
-```
-
-Or pass in a string instead of a block:
-
-```ruby
-# parse a query, returns a GraphQL::Client::OperationDefinition
-query = client.parse <<~GRAPHQL
-  query($some_id: Int) {
-    invoice(id: $some_id) {
-      id
-      feeInCents
-    }
-  }
-GRAPHQL
-
-# execute a query, returns a GraphQL::Client::Response
-client.execute query, ids: [42]
-```
-
-### Dynamic vs. Static Queries
-
-Graphlient uses [graphql-client](https://github.com/github/graphql-client), which [recommends](https://github.com/github/graphql-client/blob/master/guides/dynamic-query-error.md) building queries as static module members along with dynamic variables during execution. This can be accomplished with graphlient the same way.
-
-Create a new instance of `Graphlient::Client` with a URL and optional headers.
-
-```ruby
-module SWAPI
-  Client = Graphlient::Client.new('https://test-graphql.biz/graphql',
-    headers: {
-      'Authorization' => 'Bearer 123'
-    },
-    allow_dynamic_queries: false
-  )
-end
-```
-
-The schema is available automatically via `.schema`.
-
-```ruby
-SWAPI::Client.schema # GraphQL::Schema
-```
-
-Define a query.
-
-```ruby
-module SWAPI
-  InvoiceQuery = Client.parse do
-    query(id: :int) do
-      invoice(id: :id) do
-        id
-        fee_in_cents
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-```
-
-Execute the query.
-
-```ruby
-response = SWAPI::Client.execute(SWAPI::InvoiceQuery, id: 42)
-```
-
-Note that in the example above the client is created with `allow_dynamic_queries: false` (only allow static queries), while graphlient defaults to `allow_dynamic_queries: true` (allow dynamic queries). This option is marked deprecated, but we're proposing to remove it and default it to `true` in [graphql-client#128](https://github.com/github/graphql-client/issues/128).
-
-### Generate Queries with Graphlient::Query
-
-You can directly use `Graphlient::Query` to generate raw GraphQL queries.
-
-```ruby
-query = Graphlient::Query.new do
-  query do
-    invoice(id: 10) do
-      line_items
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-query.to_s
-# "\nquery {\n  invoice(id: 10){\n    line_items\n    }\n  }\n"
-```
-
-### Use of Fragments
-
-[Fragments](https://github.com/github/graphql-client#defining-queries) should be referred by constant:
-
-```ruby
-module Fragments
-  Invoice = client.parse <<~'GRAPHQL'
-    fragment on Invoice {
-      id
-      feeInCents
-    }
-  GRAPHQL
-end
-```
-
-`Graphlient` offers the syntax below to refer to the original constant:
-  * Triple underscore `___` to refer to the fragment
-  * Double underscore `__` for namespace separator
-
-In this example, `Fragments::Invoice` would be referred as follows:
-
-```ruby
-invoice_query = client.parse do
-  query do
-    invoice(id: 10) do
-      id
-      ___Graphlient__InvoiceFragment
-    end
-  end
-end
-```
-
-The wrapped response only allows access to fields that have been explicitly asked for.
-In this example, while `id` has been referenced directly in the main query, `feeInCents` has been spread via fragment and trying to access it in the original wrapped response will throw [`GraphQL::Client::ImplicitlyFetchedFieldError`](https://github.com/github/graphql-client/blob/master/guides/implicitly-fetched-field-error.md) (to prevent data leaks between components).
-
-```ruby
-response = client.execute(invoice_query)
-result = response.data.invoice
-result.to_h
-# {"id" => 10, "feeInCents"=> 20000}
-result.id
-# 10
-result.fee_in_cents
-# raises GraphQL::Client::ImplicitlyFetchedFieldError
-```
-
-`feeInCents` cannot be fetched directly from the main query, but from the fragment as shown below:
-
-```ruby
-invoice = Fragments::Invoice.new(result)
-invoice.id
-# 10
-invoice.fee_in_cents
-# 20000
-```
-
-### Create API Client Classes with Graphlient::Extension::Query
-
-You can include `Graphlient::Extensions::Query` in your class. This will add a new `method_missing` method to your context which will be used to generate GraphQL queries.
-
-```ruby
-include Graphlient::Extensions::Query
-
-query = query do
-  invoice(id: 10) do
-    line_items
-  end
-end
-
-query.to_s
-# "\nquery{\n  invoice(id: 10){\n    line_items\n    }\n  }\n"
-```
-
-### Swapping the HTTP Stack
-
-You can swap the default Faraday adapter for `Net::HTTP`.
-
-```ruby
-client = Graphlient::Client.new('https://test-graphql.biz/graphql',
-  http: Graphlient::Adapters::HTTP::HTTPAdapter
-)
-```
-
-### Testing with Graphlient and RSpec
-
-Use Graphlient inside your RSpec tests in a Rails application or with `Rack::Test` against your actual application.
-
-```ruby
-require 'spec_helper'
-
-describe App do
-  include Rack::Test::Methods
-
-  def app
-    # ...
-  end
-
-  let(:client) do
-    Graphlient::Client.new('http://test-graphql.biz/graphql') do |client|
-      client.http do |h|
-        h.connection do |c|
-          c.adapter Faraday::Adapter::Rack, app
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  context 'an invoice' do
-    let(:result) do
-      client.query do
-        query do
-          invoice(id: 10) do
-            id
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    it 'can be retrieved' do
-      expect(result.data.invoice.id).to eq 10
-    end
-  end
-end
-```
-
-Alternately you can `stub_request` with Webmock.
-
-```ruby
-describe App do
-  let(:url) { 'http://example.com/graphql' }
-  let(:client) { Graphlient::Client.new(url) }
-
-  before do
-    stub_request(:post, url).to_return(
-      status: 200,
-      body: DummySchema.execute(GraphQL::Introspection::INTROSPECTION_QUERY).to_json
-    )
-  end
-
-  it 'retrieves schema' do
-    expect(client.schema).to be_a Graphlient::Schema
-  end
-end
-```
-
-In order to stub the response to actual queries, [dump the schema into a JSON file](#schema-storing-and-loading-on-disk) and specify it via schema_path as follows.
-
-```ruby
-describe App do
-  let(:url) { 'http://graph.biz/graphql' }
-  let(:client) { Graphlient::Client.new(url, schema_path: 'spec/support/fixtures/invoice_api.json') }
-  let(:query) do
-    <<~GRAPHQL
-      query{
-        invoice(id: 42) {
-          id
-          feeInCents
-        }
-      }
-    GRAPHQL
-  end
-  let(:json_response) do
-    {
-      'data' => {
-        'invoice' => {
-          'id' => '42',
-          'feeInCents' => 2000
-        }
-      }
-    }.to_json
-  end
-
-  before do
-    stub_request(:post, url).to_return(
-      status: 200,
-      body: json_response
-    )
-  end
-
-  it 'returns invoice fees' do
-    response = client.query(query)
-    expect(response.data).to be_truthy
-    expect(response.data.invoice.id).to eq('42')
-    expect(response.data.invoice.fee_in_cents).to eq(2000)
-  end
-end
-```
-
-## License
-
-MIT License, see [LICENSE](LICENSE)
+# Graphlient
+
+[![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/graphlient.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/rb/graphlient)
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/ashkan18/graphlient/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ashkan18/graphlient/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+
+A friendlier Ruby client for consuming GraphQL-based APIs. Built on top of your usual [graphql-client](https://github.com/github-community-projects/graphql-client), but with better defaults, more consistent error handling, and using the [faraday](https://github.com/lostisland/faraday) HTTP client.
+
+# Table of Contents
+
+- [Installation](#installation)
+- [Usage](#usage)
+  - [Schema Storing and Loading on Disk](#schema-storing-and-loading-on-disk)
+  - [Preloading Schema Once](#preloading-schema-once)
+  - [Error Handling](#error-handling)
+  - [Executing Parameterized Queries and Mutations](#executing-parameterized-queries-and-mutations)
+  - [Parse and Execute Queries Separately](#parse-and-execute-queries-separately)
+  - [Build Query Strings without Validation](#build-query-strings-without-validation)
+  - [Dynamic vs. Static Queries](#dynamic-vs-static-queries)
+  - [Generate Queries with Graphlient::Query](#generate-queries-with-graphlientquery)
+  - [Fragment Spreads and Definitions in the DSL](#fragment-spreads-and-definitions-in-the-dsl)
+  - [Inline Fragments in the DSL](#inline-fragments-in-the-dsl)
+  - [Directives in the DSL](#directives-in-the-dsl)
+  - [Custom Scalar Types](#custom-scalar-types)
+  - [Create API Client Classes with Graphlient::Extension::Query](#create-api-client-classes-with-graphlientextensionquery)
+  - [Swapping the HTTP Stack](#swapping-the-http-stack)
+  - [Testing with Graphlient and RSpec](#testing-with-graphlient-and-rspec)
+- [License](#license)
+
+## Installation
+
+Add the following line to your Gemfile.
+
+```ruby
+gem 'graphlient'
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+Create a new instance of `Graphlient::Client` with a URL and optional headers/http_options.
+
+```ruby
+client = Graphlient::Client.new('https://test-graphql.biz/graphql',
+  headers: {
+    'Authorization' => 'Bearer 123'
+  },
+  http_options: {
+    read_timeout: 20,
+    write_timeout: 30
+  }
+)
+```
+
+| http_options  | default | type    |
+| ------------- | ------- | ------- |
+| read_timeout  | nil     | seconds |
+| write_timeout | nil     | seconds |
+
+The schema is available automatically via `.schema`.
+
+```ruby
+client.schema # GraphQL::Schema
+```
+
+Make queries with `query`, which takes a String or a block for the query definition.
+
+With a String.
+
+```ruby
+response = client.query <<~GRAPHQL
+  query {
+    invoice(id: 10) {
+      id
+      total
+      line_items {
+        price
+        item_type
+      }
+    }
+  }
+GRAPHQL
+```
+
+With a block.
+
+```ruby
+response = client.query do
+  query do
+    invoice(id: 10) do
+      id
+      total
+      line_items do
+        price
+        item_type
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+This will call the endpoint setup in the configuration with `POST`, the `Authorization` header and `query` as follows.
+
+```graphql
+query {
+  invoice(id: 10) {
+    id
+    total
+    line_items {
+      price
+      item_type
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+A successful response object always contains data which can be iterated upon. The following example returns the first line item's price.
+
+```ruby
+response.data.invoice.line_items.first.price
+```
+
+You can also execute mutations the same way.
+
+```ruby
+response = client.query do
+  mutation do
+    createInvoice(input: { fee_in_cents: 12_345 }) do
+      id
+      fee_in_cents
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+The successful response contains data in `response.data`. The following example returns the newly created invoice's ID.
+
+```ruby
+response.data.create_invoice.first.id
+```
+
+### Schema storing and loading on disk
+
+To reduce requests to graphql API you can cache schema:
+
+```ruby
+client = Client.new(url, schema_path: 'config/your_graphql_schema.json')
+client.schema.dump! # you only need to call this when graphql schema changes
+```
+
+### Preloading Schema Once
+
+Even if caching the schema on disk, instantiating `Graphlient::Client` often can be both time and memory intensive due to loading the schema for each instance. This is especially true if the schema is a large file. To get around these performance issues, instantiate your schema once and pass it in as a configuration option.
+
+One time in an initializer
+
+```ruby
+schema = Graphlient::Schema.new(
+  'https://graphql.foo.com/graphql', 'lib/graphql_schema_foo.json'
+)
+```
+
+Pass in each time you initialize a client
+
+```
+client = Graphlient::Client.new(
+  'https://graphql.foo.com/graphql',
+  schema: schema,
+  headers: {
+    'Authorization' => 'Bearer 123',
+  }
+)
+```
+
+### Error Handling
+
+Unlike graphql-client, Graphlient will always raise an exception unless the query has succeeded.
+
+* [Graphlient::Errors::ClientError](lib/graphlient/errors/client_error.rb): all client-side query validation failures based on current schema
+* [Graphlient::Errors::GraphQLError](lib/graphlient/errors/graphql_error.rb): all GraphQL API errors, with a humanly readable collection of problems
+* [Graphlient::Errors::ExecutionError](lib/graphlient/errors/execution_error.rb): all GraphQL execution errors, with a humanly readable collection of problems
+* [Graphlient::Errors::ServerError](lib/graphlient/errors/server_error.rb): all transport errors raised by HTTP Adapters. You can access `inner_exception`, `status_code` and `response` on these errors to get more details on what went wrong
+* [Graphlient::Errors::FaradayServerError](lib/graphlient/errors/faraday_server_error.rb): this inherits from `ServerError` ☝️, we recommend using `ServerError` to rescue these
+* [Graphlient::Errors::HttpServerError](lib/graphlient/errors/http_server_error.rb): this inherits from `ServerError` ☝️, we recommend using `ServerError` to rescue these
+* [Graphlient::Errors::ConnectionFailedError](lib/graphlient/errors/connection_failed_error.rb): this inherits from `ServerError` ☝️, we recommend using `ServerError` to rescue these
+* [Graphlient::Errors::TimeoutError](lib/graphlient/errors/timeout_error.rb): all client-side timeouts raised by the Faraday adapter. This does not inherit from `ServerError` because no server response or status code is available; rescue `TimeoutError` separately
+* [Graphlient::Errors::HttpOptionsError](lib/graphlient/errors/http_options_error.rb): all NoMethodError raised by HTTP Adapters when given options in `http_options` are invalid
+
+
+All errors inherit from `Graphlient::Errors::Error` if you need to handle them in bulk.
+
+### Executing Parameterized Queries and Mutations
+
+Graphlient can execute parameterized queries and mutations by providing variables as query parameters.
+
+The following query accepts an array of IDs.
+
+With a String.
+
+```ruby
+query = <<-GRAPHQL
+  query($ids: [Int]) {
+    invoices(ids: $ids) {
+      id
+      fee_in_cents
+    }
+  }
+GRAPHQL
+variables = { ids: [42] }
+
+client.query(query, variables)
+```
+
+With a block.
+
+```ruby
+client.query(ids: [42]) do
+  query(ids: [:int]) do
+    invoices(ids: :ids) do
+      id
+      fee_in_cents
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Graphlient supports following Scalar types for parameterized queries by default:
+
+- `:id` maps to `ID`
+- `:boolean` maps to `Boolean`
+- `:float` maps to `Float`
+- `:int` maps to `Int`
+- `:string` maps to `String`
+
+You can use any of the above types with `!` to make it required or use them in `[]` for array parameters.
+
+For any other custom types, graphlient will simply use `to_s` of the symbol provided for the type, so `query(ids: [:InvoiceType!])` will result in `query($ids: [InvoiceType!])`.
+
+The following mutation accepts a custom type that requires `fee_in_cents`.
+
+```ruby
+client.query(input: { fee_in_cents: 12_345 }) do
+  mutation(input: :createInvoiceInput!) do
+    createInvoice(input: :input) do
+      id
+      fee_in_cents
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Parse and Execute Queries Separately
+
+You can `parse` and `execute` queries separately with optional variables. This is highly recommended as parsing a query and validating a query on every request adds performance overhead. Parsing queries early allows validation errors to be discovered before request time and avoids many potential security issues.
+
+```ruby
+# parse a query, returns a GraphQL::Client::OperationDefinition
+query = client.parse do
+  query(ids: [:int]) do
+    invoices(ids: :ids) do
+      id
+      fee_in_cents
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# execute a query, returns a GraphQL::Client::Response
+client.execute query, ids: [42]
+```
+
+Or pass in a string instead of a block:
+
+```ruby
+# parse a query, returns a GraphQL::Client::OperationDefinition
+query = client.parse <<~GRAPHQL
+  query($some_id: Int) {
+    invoice(id: $some_id) {
+      id
+      feeInCents
+    }
+  }
+GRAPHQL
+
+# execute a query, returns a GraphQL::Client::Response
+client.execute query, ids: [42]
+```
+
+### Build Query Strings without Validation
+
+`Client#to_query_string` serializes a DSL block into a GraphQL query string and
+returns it as a plain `String`. It uses the same DSL serializer (`Graphlient::Query`)
+that powers `client.query` and `client.parse`, but it stops there — no schema is
+loaded, no graphql-client validation runs, no HTTP call is made.
+
+```ruby
+client = Graphlient::Client.new('https://example.com/graphql',
+  headers: { 'Authorization' => 'Bearer 123' }
+)
+
+query_str = client.to_query_string do
+  query(id: :int) do
+    invoice(id: :id) do
+      id
+      feeInCents
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# => "query($id: Int){\n  invoice(id: $id){\n    id\n    feeInCents\n    }\n  }"
+```
+
+For fragment-free queries the string can be fed back to `client.execute`:
+
+```ruby
+client.execute(query_str, id: 42)
+```
+
+Queries containing fragment spreads (`spread :Name` → `...Name`) cannot go back
+through the gem — graphql-client requires fragments to be pre-registered module
+constants, not named strings. Pass those directly to your own HTTP client instead.
+
+This is also the escape hatch if you want to replace the graphql-client dependency
+entirely. `to_query_string` gives you a standard GraphQL document — from there you
+own the transport: Faraday, Net::HTTP, anything else. You get full control over
+headers, retries, connection pooling, and middleware without any graphql-client
+overhead.
+
+```ruby
+conn = Faraday.new('https://example.com/graphql',
+  headers: { 'Authorization' => 'Bearer 123', 'Content-Type' => 'application/json' }
+)
+response = conn.post('/', { query: query_str, variables: { id: 42 } }.to_json)
+```
+
+### Dynamic vs. Static Queries
+
+Graphlient uses [graphql-client](https://github.com/github-community-projects/graphql-client), which [recommends](https://github.com/github-community-projects/graphql-client/blob/master/guides/dynamic-query-error.md) building queries as static module members along with dynamic variables during execution. This can be accomplished with graphlient the same way.
+
+Create a new instance of `Graphlient::Client` with a URL and optional headers.
+
+```ruby
+module SWAPI
+  Client = Graphlient::Client.new('https://test-graphql.biz/graphql',
+    headers: {
+      'Authorization' => 'Bearer 123'
+    },
+    allow_dynamic_queries: false
+  )
+end
+```
+
+The schema is available automatically via `.schema`.
+
+```ruby
+SWAPI::Client.schema # GraphQL::Schema
+```
+
+Define a query.
+
+```ruby
+module SWAPI
+  InvoiceQuery = Client.parse do
+    query(id: :int) do
+      invoice(id: :id) do
+        id
+        fee_in_cents
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Execute the query.
+
+```ruby
+response = SWAPI::Client.execute(SWAPI::InvoiceQuery, id: 42)
+```
+
+Note that in the example above the client is created with `allow_dynamic_queries: false` (only allow static queries), while graphlient defaults to `allow_dynamic_queries: true` (allow dynamic queries). This option is marked deprecated, but we're proposing to remove it and default it to `true` in [graphql-client#128](https://github.com/github-community-projects/graphql-client/issues/128).
+
+### Generate Queries with Graphlient::Query
+
+You can directly use `Graphlient::Query` to generate raw GraphQL queries.
+
+```ruby
+query = Graphlient::Query.new do
+  query do
+    invoice(id: 10) do
+      line_items
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+query.to_s
+# "\nquery {\n  invoice(id: 10){\n    line_items\n    }\n  }\n"
+```
+
+### Fragment Spreads and Definitions in the DSL
+
+Use `spread` to insert a named fragment spread (`...FragmentName`) in a DSL block:
+
+```ruby
+client.query do
+  query do
+    invoice(id: 10) do
+      id
+      spread :InvoiceFields   # → ...InvoiceFields
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Define the fragment body inline with `fragment` — graphlient assembles the complete
+query string automatically, no external tooling needed:
+
+```ruby
+client.query do
+  fragment(:InvoiceFields, on: :Invoice) do
+    id
+    feeInCents
+  end
+
+  query do
+    invoice(id: 10) do
+      spread :InvoiceFields
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Produces and sends:
+
+```graphql
+query {
+  invoice(id: 10) {
+    ...InvoiceFields
+  }
+}
+
+fragment InvoiceFields on Invoice {
+  id
+  feeInCents
+}
+```
+
+Because the fragment is defined inline in the same query block, graphql-client treats it
+as part of the same document — all fragment fields are directly accessible on the response
+wrapper with no extra wrapping step:
+
+```ruby
+response = client.query do
+  fragment(:InvoiceFields, on: :Invoice) do
+    id
+    feeInCents
+  end
+
+  query do
+    invoice(id: 10) do
+      spread :InvoiceFields
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+response.data.invoice.id            # 10
+response.data.invoice.fee_in_cents  # 20000
+```
+
+Multiple fragments are supported. Fragments are scoped to the query call — no global
+registry, no cross-contamination between requests.
+
+You can also apply a directive to a spread (see [Directives in the DSL](#directives-in-the-dsl)):
+
+```ruby
+spread :InvoiceFields, _skip(if: :skip_invoice)
+# → ...InvoiceFields @skip(if: $skip_invoice)
+```
+
+### Use of Fragments (graphql-client style)
+
+[Fragments](https://github.com/github-community-projects/graphql-client#defining-queries) should be referred by constant:
+
+```ruby
+module Fragments
+  Invoice = client.parse <<~'GRAPHQL'
+    fragment on Invoice {
+      id
+      feeInCents
+    }
+  GRAPHQL
+end
+```
+
+`Graphlient` offers the syntax below to refer to the original constant:
+  * Triple underscore `___` to refer to the fragment
+  * Double underscore `__` for namespace separator
+
+In this example, `Fragments::Invoice` would be referred as follows:
+
+```ruby
+invoice_query = client.parse do
+  query do
+    invoice(id: 10) do
+      id
+      ___Fragments__Invoice
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+The wrapped response only allows access to fields that have been explicitly asked for.
+In this example, while `id` has been referenced directly in the main query, `feeInCents`
+has been spread via an **external fragment constant** and trying to access it in the
+original wrapped response will throw
+[`GraphQL::Client::ImplicitlyFetchedFieldError`](https://github.com/github-community-projects/graphql-client/blob/master/guides/implicitly-fetched-field-error.md).
+This is graphql-client's component-isolation mechanism: each fragment constant "owns" the
+fields it declares, preventing accidental data access across component boundaries.
+
+```ruby
+response = client.execute(invoice_query)
+result = response.data.invoice
+result.to_h
+# {"id" => 10, "feeInCents"=> 20000}
+result.id
+# 10
+result.fee_in_cents
+# raises GraphQL::Client::ImplicitlyFetchedFieldError
+```
+
+`feeInCents` cannot be fetched directly from the main query, but from the fragment as shown below:
+
+```ruby
+invoice = Fragments::Invoice.new(result)
+invoice.id
+# 10
+invoice.fee_in_cents
+# 20000
+```
+
+> **Note:** This component-isolation behaviour only applies to external fragment constants
+> (the `___` / `__` pattern). Fragments defined inline via the `fragment` DSL in the same
+> query block are not subject to this restriction — their fields are accessible directly
+> on the operation response (see [Fragment Spreads and Definitions in the DSL](#fragment-spreads-and-definitions-in-the-dsl)).
+
+### Inline Fragments in the DSL
+
+Use `spread(on: :TypeName)` for inline fragments (`... on Type { }`), useful for union
+types and interface implementations. It's the same `spread` verb as named fragment
+spreads, and the same `on:` keyword as `fragment(name, on:)`:
+
+```ruby
+client.query do
+  query do
+    invoice(id: 10) do
+      spread(on: :PaidInvoice) do
+        amountPaid
+      end
+      spread(on: :UnpaidInvoice) do
+        amountDue
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Produces:
+
+```graphql
+query {
+  invoice(id: 10) {
+    ... on PaidInvoice {
+      amountPaid
+    }
+    ... on UnpaidInvoice {
+      amountDue
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Directives can be applied to inline fragments too (see [Directives in the DSL](#directives-in-the-dsl)):
+
+```ruby
+spread(_skip(if: :skip_drafts), on: :DraftInvoice) { draftId }
+# → ... on DraftInvoice @skip(if: $skip_drafts) { draftId }
+```
+
+### Directives in the DSL
+
+Apply GraphQL directives to fields, spreads, and inline fragments using the `_name`
+convention — any method starting with `_` followed by a lowercase letter is treated
+as a directive (`_skip` → `@skip`, `_include` → `@include`, `_myDirective` → `@myDirective`).
+
+**On a field:**
+
+```ruby
+client.query(some_id: :int, skip_fee: :boolean!) do
+  query(some_id: :int, skip_fee: :boolean!) do
+    invoice(id: :some_id) do
+      id
+      feeInCents _skip(if: :skip_fee)   # → feeInCents @skip(if: $skip_fee)
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+**On a fragment spread:**
+
+```ruby
+spread :InvoiceFields, _skip(if: :skip_invoice)
+# → ...InvoiceFields @skip(if: $skip_invoice)
+```
+
+**On an inline fragment:**
+
+```ruby
+spread(_skip(if: :skip_drafts), on: :DraftInvoice) { draftId }
+# → ... on DraftInvoice @skip(if: $skip_drafts) { draftId }
+```
+
+**Multiple directives on one field:**
+
+```ruby
+feeInCents _skip(if: :skip_fee), _include(if: :show_cents)
+# → feeInCents @skip(if: $skip_fee) @include(if: $show_cents)
+```
+
+**No-argument directive:**
+
+```ruby
+legacyField _deprecated
+# → legacyField @deprecated
+```
+
+The directive value is a plain Ruby method call that returns a `Directive` object
+before the field method runs, ensuring the directive appears in the correct position
+in the output string regardless of Ruby's evaluation order.
+
+### Custom Scalar Types
+
+By default, graphlient maps `:int → Int`, `:float → Float`, `:string → String`, and
+`:boolean → Boolean` for variable type declarations. Register additional scalar types
+in the client initialiser block:
+
+```ruby
+client = Graphlient::Client.new('https://example.com/graphql') do |c|
+  c.scalar :date,    'Date'
+  c.scalar :uuid,    'UUID'
+  c.scalar :decimal, 'Decimal'
+end
+```
+
+Use the registered symbol in variable declarations:
+
+```ruby
+client.query(created_after: Date.today.iso8601, order_id: :uuid) do
+  query(created_after: :date, order_id: :uuid!) do
+    orders(created_after: :created_after, id: :order_id) do
+      id
+      total
+    end
+  end
+end
+# → query($created_after: Date, $order_id: UUID!) { ... }
+```
+
+Non-null variants work with `!`: `:date!` → `Date!`.
+
+### Create API Client Classes with Graphlient::Extension::Query
+
+You can include `Graphlient::Extensions::Query` in your class. This will add a new `method_missing` method to your context which will be used to generate GraphQL queries.
+
+```ruby
+include Graphlient::Extensions::Query
+
+query = query do
+  invoice(id: 10) do
+    line_items
+  end
+end
+
+query.to_s
+# "\nquery{\n  invoice(id: 10){\n    line_items\n    }\n  }\n"
+```
+
+### Swapping the HTTP Stack
+
+You can swap the default Faraday adapter for `Net::HTTP`.
+
+```ruby
+client = Graphlient::Client.new('https://test-graphql.biz/graphql',
+  http: Graphlient::Adapters::HTTP::HTTPAdapter
+)
+```
+
+### Testing with Graphlient and RSpec
+
+Use Graphlient inside your RSpec tests in a Rails application or with `Rack::Test` against your actual application.
+
+```ruby
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe App do
+  include Rack::Test::Methods
+
+  def app
+    # ...
+  end
+
+  let(:client) do
+    Graphlient::Client.new('http://test-graphql.biz/graphql') do |client|
+      client.http do |h|
+        h.connection do |c|
+          c.adapter Faraday::Adapter::Rack, app
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'an invoice' do
+    let(:result) do
+      client.query do
+        query do
+          invoice(id: 10) do
+            id
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    it 'can be retrieved' do
+      expect(result.data.invoice.id).to eq 10
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Alternately you can `stub_request` with Webmock.
+
+```ruby
+describe App do
+  let(:url) { 'http://example.com/graphql' }
+  let(:client) { Graphlient::Client.new(url) }
+
+  before do
+    stub_request(:post, url).to_return(
+      status: 200,
+      body: DummySchema.execute(GraphQL::Introspection::INTROSPECTION_QUERY).to_json
+    )
+  end
+
+  it 'retrieves schema' do
+    expect(client.schema).to be_a Graphlient::Schema
+  end
+end
+```
+
+In order to stub the response to actual queries, [dump the schema into a JSON file](#schema-storing-and-loading-on-disk) and specify it via schema_path as follows.
+
+```ruby
+describe App do
+  let(:url) { 'http://graph.biz/graphql' }
+  let(:client) { Graphlient::Client.new(url, schema_path: 'spec/support/fixtures/invoice_api.json') }
+  let(:query) do
+    <<~GRAPHQL
+      query{
+        invoice(id: 42) {
+          id
+          feeInCents
+        }
+      }
+    GRAPHQL
+  end
+  let(:json_response) do
+    {
+      'data' => {
+        'invoice' => {
+          'id' => '42',
+          'feeInCents' => 2000
+        }
+      }
+    }.to_json
+  end
+
+  before do
+    stub_request(:post, url).to_return(
+      status: 200,
+      body: json_response
+    )
+  end
+
+  it 'returns invoice fees' do
+    response = client.query(query)
+    expect(response.data).to be_truthy
+    expect(response.data.invoice.id).to eq('42')
+    expect(response.data.invoice.fee_in_cents).to eq(2000)
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## License
+
+MIT License, see [LICENSE](LICENSE)