gosu 2.0.0.pre6 → 2.0.0.pre8

data/dependencies/stb/stb_image.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* stb_image - v2.28 - public domain image loader - http://nothings.org/stb
+/* stb_image - v2.29 - public domain image loader - http://nothings.org/stb
                                   no warranty implied; use at your own risk
 
    Do this:
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ LICENSE
 
 RECENT REVISION HISTORY:
 
+      2.29  (2023-05-xx) optimizations
       2.28  (2023-01-29) many error fixes, security errors, just tons of stuff
       2.27  (2021-07-11) document stbi_info better, 16-bit PNM support, bug fixes
       2.26  (2020-07-13) many minor fixes
@@ -1072,8 +1073,8 @@ static int stbi__addints_valid(int a, int b)
    return a <= INT_MAX - b;
 }
 
-// returns 1 if the product of two signed shorts is valid, 0 on overflow.
-static int stbi__mul2shorts_valid(short a, short b)
+// returns 1 if the product of two ints fits in a signed short, 0 on overflow.
+static int stbi__mul2shorts_valid(int a, int b)
 {
    if (b == 0 || b == -1) return 1; // multiplication by 0 is always 0; check for -1 so SHRT_MIN/b doesn't overflow
    if ((a >= 0) == (b >= 0)) return a <= SHRT_MAX/b; // product is positive, so similar to mul2sizes_valid
@@ -3384,13 +3385,13 @@ static int stbi__decode_jpeg_header(stbi__jpeg *z, int scan)
    return 1;
 }
 
-static int stbi__skip_jpeg_junk_at_end(stbi__jpeg *j)
+static stbi_uc stbi__skip_jpeg_junk_at_end(stbi__jpeg *j)
 {
    // some JPEGs have junk at end, skip over it but if we find what looks
    // like a valid marker, resume there
    while (!stbi__at_eof(j->s)) {
-      int x = stbi__get8(j->s);
-      while (x == 255) { // might be a marker
+      stbi_uc x = stbi__get8(j->s);
+      while (x == 0xff) { // might be a marker
          if (stbi__at_eof(j->s)) return STBI__MARKER_none;
          x = stbi__get8(j->s);
          if (x != 0x00 && x != 0xff) {
@@ -4176,6 +4177,7 @@ typedef struct
 {
    stbi_uc *zbuffer, *zbuffer_end;
    int num_bits;
+   int hit_zeof_once;
    stbi__uint32 code_buffer;
 
    char *zout;
@@ -4242,9 +4244,20 @@ stbi_inline static int stbi__zhuffman_decode(stbi__zbuf *a, stbi__zhuffman *z)
    int b,s;
    if (a->num_bits < 16) {
       if (stbi__zeof(a)) {
-         return -1;   /* report error for unexpected end of data. */
+         if (!a->hit_zeof_once) {
+            // This is the first time we hit eof, insert 16 extra padding btis
+            // to allow us to keep going; if we actually consume any of them
+            // though, that is invalid data. This is caught later.
+            a->hit_zeof_once = 1;
+            a->num_bits += 16; // add 16 implicit zero bits
+         } else {
+            // We already inserted our extra 16 padding bits and are again
+            // out, this stream is actually prematurely terminated.
+            return -1;
+         }
+      } else {
+         stbi__fill_bits(a);
       }
-      stbi__fill_bits(a);
    }
    b = z->fast[a->code_buffer & STBI__ZFAST_MASK];
    if (b) {
@@ -4309,6 +4322,13 @@ static int stbi__parse_huffman_block(stbi__zbuf *a)
          int len,dist;
          if (z == 256) {
             a->zout = zout;
+            if (a->hit_zeof_once && a->num_bits < 16) {
+               // The first time we hit zeof, we inserted 16 extra zero bits into our bit
+               // buffer so the decoder can just do its speculative decoding. But if we
+               // actually consumed any of those bits (which is the case when num_bits < 16),
+               // the stream actually read past the end so it is malformed.
+               return stbi__err("unexpected end","Corrupt PNG");
+            }
             return 1;
          }
          if (z >= 286) return stbi__err("bad huffman code","Corrupt PNG"); // per DEFLATE, length codes 286 and 287 must not appear in compressed data
@@ -4320,7 +4340,7 @@ static int stbi__parse_huffman_block(stbi__zbuf *a)
          dist = stbi__zdist_base[z];
          if (stbi__zdist_extra[z]) dist += stbi__zreceive(a, stbi__zdist_extra[z]);
          if (zout - a->zout_start < dist) return stbi__err("bad dist","Corrupt PNG");
-         if (zout + len > a->zout_end) {
+         if (len > a->zout_end - zout) {
             if (!stbi__zexpand(a, zout, len)) return 0;
             zout = a->zout;
          }
@@ -4464,6 +4484,7 @@ static int stbi__parse_zlib(stbi__zbuf *a, int parse_header)
       if (!stbi__parse_zlib_header(a)) return 0;
    a->num_bits = 0;
    a->code_buffer = 0;
+   a->hit_zeof_once = 0;
    do {
       final = stbi__zreceive(a,1);
       type = stbi__zreceive(a,2);
@@ -4619,9 +4640,8 @@ enum {
    STBI__F_up=2,
    STBI__F_avg=3,
    STBI__F_paeth=4,
-   // synthetic filters used for first scanline to avoid needing a dummy row of 0s
-   STBI__F_avg_first,
-   STBI__F_paeth_first
+   // synthetic filter used for first scanline to avoid needing a dummy row of 0s
+   STBI__F_avg_first
 };
 
 static stbi_uc first_row_filter[5] =
@@ -4630,29 +4650,56 @@ static stbi_uc first_row_filter[5] =
    STBI__F_sub,
    STBI__F_none,
    STBI__F_avg_first,
-   STBI__F_paeth_first
+   STBI__F_sub // Paeth with b=c=0 turns out to be equivalent to sub
 };
 
 static int stbi__paeth(int a, int b, int c)
 {
-   int p = a + b - c;
-   int pa = abs(p-a);
-   int pb = abs(p-b);
-   int pc = abs(p-c);
-   if (pa <= pb && pa <= pc) return a;
-   if (pb <= pc) return b;
-   return c;
+   // This formulation looks very different from the reference in the PNG spec, but is
+   // actually equivalent and has favorable data dependencies and admits straightforward
+   // generation of branch-free code, which helps performance significantly.
+   int thresh = c*3 - (a + b);
+   int lo = a < b ? a : b;
+   int hi = a < b ? b : a;
+   int t0 = (hi <= thresh) ? lo : c;
+   int t1 = (thresh <= lo) ? hi : t0;
+   return t1;
 }
 
 static const stbi_uc stbi__depth_scale_table[9] = { 0, 0xff, 0x55, 0, 0x11, 0,0,0, 0x01 };
 
+// adds an extra all-255 alpha channel
+// dest == src is legal
+// img_n must be 1 or 3
+static void stbi__create_png_alpha_expand8(stbi_uc *dest, stbi_uc *src, stbi__uint32 x, int img_n)
+{
+   int i;
+   // must process data backwards since we allow dest==src
+   if (img_n == 1) {
+      for (i=x-1; i >= 0; --i) {
+         dest[i*2+1] = 255;
+         dest[i*2+0] = src[i];
+      }
+   } else {
+      STBI_ASSERT(img_n == 3);
+      for (i=x-1; i >= 0; --i) {
+         dest[i*4+3] = 255;
+         dest[i*4+2] = src[i*3+2];
+         dest[i*4+1] = src[i*3+1];
+         dest[i*4+0] = src[i*3+0];
+      }
+   }
+}
+
 // create the png data from post-deflated data
 static int stbi__create_png_image_raw(stbi__png *a, stbi_uc *raw, stbi__uint32 raw_len, int out_n, stbi__uint32 x, stbi__uint32 y, int depth, int color)
 {
-   int bytes = (depth == 16? 2 : 1);
+   int bytes = (depth == 16 ? 2 : 1);
    stbi__context *s = a->s;
    stbi__uint32 i,j,stride = x*out_n*bytes;
    stbi__uint32 img_len, img_width_bytes;
+   stbi_uc *filter_buf;
+   int all_ok = 1;
    int k;
    int img_n = s->img_n; // copy it into a local for later
 
@@ -4664,8 +4711,11 @@ static int stbi__create_png_image_raw(stbi__png *a, stbi_uc *raw, stbi__uint32 r
    a->out = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc_mad3(x, y, output_bytes, 0); // extra bytes to write off the end into
    if (!a->out) return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
 
+   // note: error exits here don't need to clean up a->out individually,
+   // stbi__do_png always does on error.
    if (!stbi__mad3sizes_valid(img_n, x, depth, 7)) return stbi__err("too large", "Corrupt PNG");
    img_width_bytes = (((img_n * x * depth) + 7) >> 3);
+   if (!stbi__mad2sizes_valid(img_width_bytes, y, img_width_bytes)) return stbi__err("too large", "Corrupt PNG");
    img_len = (img_width_bytes + 1) * y;
 
    // we used to check for exact match between raw_len and img_len on non-interlaced PNGs,
@@ -4673,189 +4723,137 @@ static int stbi__create_png_image_raw(stbi__png *a, stbi_uc *raw, stbi__uint32 r
    // so just check for raw_len < img_len always.
    if (raw_len < img_len) return stbi__err("not enough pixels","Corrupt PNG");
 
+   // Allocate two scan lines worth of filter workspace buffer.
+   filter_buf = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc_mad2(img_width_bytes, 2, 0);
+   if (!filter_buf) return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+
+   // Filtering for low-bit-depth images
+   if (depth < 8) {
+      filter_bytes = 1;
+      width = img_width_bytes;
+   }
+
    for (j=0; j < y; ++j) {
-      stbi_uc *cur = a->out + stride*j;
-      stbi_uc *prior;
+      // cur/prior filter buffers alternate
+      stbi_uc *cur = filter_buf + (j & 1)*img_width_bytes;
+      stbi_uc *prior = filter_buf + (~j & 1)*img_width_bytes;
+      stbi_uc *dest = a->out + stride*j;
+      int nk = width * filter_bytes;
       int filter = *raw++;
 
-      if (filter > 4)
-         return stbi__err("invalid filter","Corrupt PNG");
-
-      if (depth < 8) {
-         if (img_width_bytes > x) return stbi__err("invalid width","Corrupt PNG");
-         cur += x*out_n - img_width_bytes; // store output to the rightmost img_len bytes, so we can decode in place
-         filter_bytes = 1;
-         width = img_width_bytes;
+      // check filter type
+      if (filter > 4) {
+         all_ok = stbi__err("invalid filter","Corrupt PNG");
+         break;
       }
-      prior = cur - stride; // bugfix: need to compute this after 'cur +=' computation above
 
       // if first row, use special filter that doesn't sample previous row
       if (j == 0) filter = first_row_filter[filter];
 
-      // handle first byte explicitly
-      for (k=0; k < filter_bytes; ++k) {
-         switch (filter) {
-            case STBI__F_none       : cur[k] = raw[k]; break;
-            case STBI__F_sub        : cur[k] = raw[k]; break;
-            case STBI__F_up         : cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + prior[k]); break;
-            case STBI__F_avg        : cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + (prior[k]>>1)); break;
-            case STBI__F_paeth      : cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + stbi__paeth(0,prior[k],0)); break;
-            case STBI__F_avg_first  : cur[k] = raw[k]; break;
-            case STBI__F_paeth_first: cur[k] = raw[k]; break;
-         }
-      }
-
-      if (depth == 8) {
-         if (img_n != out_n)
-            cur[img_n] = 255; // first pixel
-         raw += img_n;
-         cur += out_n;
-         prior += out_n;
-      } else if (depth == 16) {
-         if (img_n != out_n) {
-            cur[filter_bytes]   = 255; // first pixel top byte
-            cur[filter_bytes+1] = 255; // first pixel bottom byte
-         }
-         raw += filter_bytes;
-         cur += output_bytes;
-         prior += output_bytes;
-      } else {
-         raw += 1;
-         cur += 1;
-         prior += 1;
+      // perform actual filtering
+      switch (filter) {
+      case STBI__F_none:
+         memcpy(cur, raw, nk);
+         break;
+      case STBI__F_sub:
+         memcpy(cur, raw, filter_bytes);
+         for (k = filter_bytes; k < nk; ++k)
+            cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + cur[k-filter_bytes]);
+         break;
+      case STBI__F_up:
+         for (k = 0; k < nk; ++k)
+            cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + prior[k]);
+         break;
+      case STBI__F_avg:
+         for (k = 0; k < filter_bytes; ++k)
+            cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + (prior[k]>>1));
+         for (k = filter_bytes; k < nk; ++k)
+            cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + ((prior[k] + cur[k-filter_bytes])>>1));
+         break;
+      case STBI__F_paeth:
+         for (k = 0; k < filter_bytes; ++k)
+            cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + prior[k]); // prior[k] == stbi__paeth(0,prior[k],0)
+         for (k = filter_bytes; k < nk; ++k)
+            cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + stbi__paeth(cur[k-filter_bytes], prior[k], prior[k-filter_bytes]));
+         break;
+      case STBI__F_avg_first:
+         memcpy(cur, raw, filter_bytes);
+         for (k = filter_bytes; k < nk; ++k)
+            cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + (cur[k-filter_bytes] >> 1));
+         break;
       }
 
-      // this is a little gross, so that we don't switch per-pixel or per-component
-      if (depth < 8 || img_n == out_n) {
-         int nk = (width - 1)*filter_bytes;
-         #define STBI__CASE(f) \
-             case f:     \
-                for (k=0; k < nk; ++k)
-         switch (filter) {
-            // "none" filter turns into a memcpy here; make that explicit.
-            case STBI__F_none:         memcpy(cur, raw, nk); break;
-            STBI__CASE(STBI__F_sub)          { cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + cur[k-filter_bytes]); } break;
-            STBI__CASE(STBI__F_up)           { cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + prior[k]); } break;
-            STBI__CASE(STBI__F_avg)          { cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + ((prior[k] + cur[k-filter_bytes])>>1)); } break;
-            STBI__CASE(STBI__F_paeth)        { cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + stbi__paeth(cur[k-filter_bytes],prior[k],prior[k-filter_bytes])); } break;
-            STBI__CASE(STBI__F_avg_first)    { cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + (cur[k-filter_bytes] >> 1)); } break;
-            STBI__CASE(STBI__F_paeth_first)  { cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + stbi__paeth(cur[k-filter_bytes],0,0)); } break;
-         }
-         #undef STBI__CASE
-         raw += nk;
-      } else {
-         STBI_ASSERT(img_n+1 == out_n);
-         #define STBI__CASE(f) \
-             case f:     \
-                for (i=x-1; i >= 1; --i, cur[filter_bytes]=255,raw+=filter_bytes,cur+=output_bytes,prior+=output_bytes) \
-                   for (k=0; k < filter_bytes; ++k)
-         switch (filter) {
-            STBI__CASE(STBI__F_none)         { cur[k] = raw[k]; } break;
-            STBI__CASE(STBI__F_sub)          { cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + cur[k- output_bytes]); } break;
-            STBI__CASE(STBI__F_up)           { cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + prior[k]); } break;
-            STBI__CASE(STBI__F_avg)          { cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + ((prior[k] + cur[k- output_bytes])>>1)); } break;
-            STBI__CASE(STBI__F_paeth)        { cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + stbi__paeth(cur[k- output_bytes],prior[k],prior[k- output_bytes])); } break;
-            STBI__CASE(STBI__F_avg_first)    { cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + (cur[k- output_bytes] >> 1)); } break;
-            STBI__CASE(STBI__F_paeth_first)  { cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + stbi__paeth(cur[k- output_bytes],0,0)); } break;
-         }
-         #undef STBI__CASE
-
-         // the loop above sets the high byte of the pixels' alpha, but for
-         // 16 bit png files we also need the low byte set. we'll do that here.
-         if (depth == 16) {
-            cur = a->out + stride*j; // start at the beginning of the row again
-            for (i=0; i < x; ++i,cur+=output_bytes) {
-               cur[filter_bytes+1] = 255;
-            }
-         }
-      }
-   }
+      raw += nk;
 
-   // we make a separate pass to expand bits to pixels; for performance,
-   // this could run two scanlines behind the above code, so it won't
-   // intefere with filtering but will still be in the cache.
-   if (depth < 8) {
-      for (j=0; j < y; ++j) {
-         stbi_uc *cur = a->out + stride*j;
-         stbi_uc *in  = a->out + stride*j + x*out_n - img_width_bytes;
-         // unpack 1/2/4-bit into a 8-bit buffer. allows us to keep the common 8-bit path optimal at minimal cost for 1/2/4-bit
-         // png guarante byte alignment, if width is not multiple of 8/4/2 we'll decode dummy trailing data that will be skipped in the later loop
+      // expand decoded bits in cur to dest, also adding an extra alpha channel if desired
+      if (depth < 8) {
          stbi_uc scale = (color == 0) ? stbi__depth_scale_table[depth] : 1; // scale grayscale values to 0..255 range
+         stbi_uc *in = cur;
+         stbi_uc *out = dest;
+         stbi_uc inb = 0;
+         stbi__uint32 nsmp = x*img_n;
 
-         // note that the final byte might overshoot and write more data than desired.
-         // we can allocate enough data that this never writes out of memory, but it
-         // could also overwrite the next scanline. can it overwrite non-empty data
-         // on the next scanline? yes, consider 1-pixel-wide scanlines with 1-bit-per-pixel.
-         // so we need to explicitly clamp the final ones
-
+         // expand bits to bytes first
          if (depth == 4) {
-            for (k=x*img_n; k >= 2; k-=2, ++in) {
-               *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 4)       );
-               *cur++ = scale * ((*in     ) & 0x0f);
+            for (i=0; i < nsmp; ++i) {
+               if ((i & 1) == 0) inb = *in++;
+               *out++ = scale * (inb >> 4);
+               inb <<= 4;
             }
-            if (k > 0) *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 4)       );
          } else if (depth == 2) {
-            for (k=x*img_n; k >= 4; k-=4, ++in) {
-               *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 6)       );
-               *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 4) & 0x03);
-               *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 2) & 0x03);
-               *cur++ = scale * ((*in     ) & 0x03);
+            for (i=0; i < nsmp; ++i) {
+               if ((i & 3) == 0) inb = *in++;
+               *out++ = scale * (inb >> 6);
+               inb <<= 2;
             }
-            if (k > 0) *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 6)       );
-            if (k > 1) *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 4) & 0x03);
-            if (k > 2) *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 2) & 0x03);
-         } else if (depth == 1) {
-            for (k=x*img_n; k >= 8; k-=8, ++in) {
-               *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 7)       );
-               *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 6) & 0x01);
-               *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 5) & 0x01);
-               *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 4) & 0x01);
-               *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 3) & 0x01);
-               *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 2) & 0x01);
-               *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 1) & 0x01);
-               *cur++ = scale * ((*in     ) & 0x01);
+         } else {
+            STBI_ASSERT(depth == 1);
+            for (i=0; i < nsmp; ++i) {
+               if ((i & 7) == 0) inb = *in++;
+               *out++ = scale * (inb >> 7);
+               inb <<= 1;
             }
-            if (k > 0) *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 7)       );
-            if (k > 1) *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 6) & 0x01);
-            if (k > 2) *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 5) & 0x01);
-            if (k > 3) *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 4) & 0x01);
-            if (k > 4) *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 3) & 0x01);
-            if (k > 5) *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 2) & 0x01);
-            if (k > 6) *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 1) & 0x01);
          }
-         if (img_n != out_n) {
-            int q;
-            // insert alpha = 255
-            cur = a->out + stride*j;
+
+         // insert alpha=255 values if desired
+         if (img_n != out_n)
+            stbi__create_png_alpha_expand8(dest, dest, x, img_n);
+      } else if (depth == 8) {
+         if (img_n == out_n)
+            memcpy(dest, cur, x*img_n);
+         else
+            stbi__create_png_alpha_expand8(dest, cur, x, img_n);
+      } else if (depth == 16) {
+         // convert the image data from big-endian to platform-native
+         stbi__uint16 *dest16 = (stbi__uint16*)dest;
+         stbi__uint32 nsmp = x*img_n;
+
+         if (img_n == out_n) {
+            for (i = 0; i < nsmp; ++i, ++dest16, cur += 2)
+               *dest16 = (cur[0] << 8) | cur[1];
+         } else {
+            STBI_ASSERT(img_n+1 == out_n);
             if (img_n == 1) {
-               for (q=x-1; q >= 0; --q) {
-                  cur[q*2+1] = 255;
-                  cur[q*2+0] = cur[q];
+               for (i = 0; i < x; ++i, dest16 += 2, cur += 2) {
+                  dest16[0] = (cur[0] << 8) | cur[1];
+                  dest16[1] = 0xffff;
                }
             } else {
                STBI_ASSERT(img_n == 3);
-               for (q=x-1; q >= 0; --q) {
-                  cur[q*4+3] = 255;
-                  cur[q*4+2] = cur[q*3+2];
-                  cur[q*4+1] = cur[q*3+1];
-                  cur[q*4+0] = cur[q*3+0];
+               for (i = 0; i < x; ++i, dest16 += 4, cur += 6) {
+                  dest16[0] = (cur[0] << 8) | cur[1];
+                  dest16[1] = (cur[2] << 8) | cur[3];
+                  dest16[2] = (cur[4] << 8) | cur[5];
+                  dest16[3] = 0xffff;
                }
             }
          }
       }
-   } else if (depth == 16) {
-      // force the image data from big-endian to platform-native.
-      // this is done in a separate pass due to the decoding relying
-      // on the data being untouched, but could probably be done
-      // per-line during decode if care is taken.
-      stbi_uc *cur = a->out;
-      stbi__uint16 *cur16 = (stbi__uint16*)cur;
-
-      for(i=0; i < x*y*out_n; ++i,cur16++,cur+=2) {
-         *cur16 = (cur[0] << 8) | cur[1];
-      }
    }
 
+   STBI_FREE(filter_buf);
+   if (!all_ok) return 0;
+
    return 1;
 }
 

data/ext/gosu-ffi/gosu-ffi.def

@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ Gosu_IF_TILEABLE_TOP
 Gosu_Image_create
 Gosu_Image_create_from_blob
 Gosu_Image_create_from_markup
+Gosu_Image_create_from_rect
 Gosu_Image_create_from_subimage
 Gosu_Image_create_from_text
 Gosu_Image_create_from_tiles

data/ffi/Gosu_FFI_internal.h

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ auto Gosu_translate_exceptions(Functor functor)
     }
 }
 
-// C-compatible wrapper structs for Gosu classes
+// C-compatible wrapper structs for Gosu classes. (No inheritance because of missing virtual dtors.)
 
 struct Gosu_Channel
 {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ struct Gosu_Sample
     Gosu::Sample sample;
 };
 
-// Use inheritance where composition is not feasible
+// Use inheritance where composition is not feasible (because we want to compare pointers).
 
 struct Gosu_Song : Gosu::Song
 {

data/ffi/Gosu_Image.cpp

@@ -2,9 +2,18 @@
 #include <cstring> // for std::memcpy
 
 GOSU_FFI_API Gosu_Image* Gosu_Image_create(const char* filename, unsigned image_flags)
+{
+    return Gosu_translate_exceptions([=] { //
+        return new Gosu_Image { Gosu::Image(filename, image_flags) };
+    });
+}
+
+GOSU_FFI_API Gosu_Image* Gosu_Image_create_from_rect(const char* filename, //
+                                                int x, int y, int width, int height,
+                                                unsigned image_flags)
 {
     return Gosu_translate_exceptions([=] {
-        return new Gosu_Image{Gosu::Image{filename, image_flags}};
+        return new Gosu_Image { Gosu::Image(filename, { x, y, width, height }, image_flags) };
     });
 }
 
@@ -32,32 +41,35 @@ GOSU_FFI_API Gosu_Image* Gosu_Image_create_from_text(const char* text, const cha
     });
 }
 
-GOSU_FFI_API Gosu_Image* Gosu_Image_create_from_blob(void* blob, int byte_count, int columns,
-                                                     int rows, unsigned image_flags)
+GOSU_FFI_API Gosu_Image* Gosu_Image_create_from_blob(void* blob, size_t byte_count, //
+                                                     int columns, int rows, //
+                                                     int x, int y, int width, int height,
+                                                     unsigned image_flags)
 {
     return Gosu_translate_exceptions([=] {
-        std::size_t size = columns * rows * 4;
-        Gosu::Bitmap bitmap{columns, rows};
+        const int pixels = columns * rows * 4;
+        Gosu::Bitmap bitmap;
 
-        if (byte_count == size) {
+        if (byte_count == pixels) {
             // 32 bit per pixel, assume R8G8B8A8
-            std::memcpy(bitmap.data(), blob, size);
+            bitmap = Gosu::Bitmap(columns, rows, Gosu::Buffer(blob, byte_count, nullptr));
         }
-        else if (byte_count == size * sizeof(float)) {
-            // 128 bit per channel, assume float/float/float/float - for Texplay compatibility.
+        else if (byte_count == pixels * 4UL * sizeof(float)) {
+            bitmap.resize(columns, rows);
+            // 128 bit per channel, assume float/float/float/float RGBA - for Texplay compatibility.
             const float* in = static_cast<const float*>(blob);
             Gosu::Color::Channel* out = reinterpret_cast<Gosu::Color::Channel*>(bitmap.data());
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < pixels; ++i) {
                 out[i] = static_cast<Gosu::Color::Channel>(in[i] * 255);
             }
         }
         else {
-            throw std::invalid_argument{"Invalid byte_count " + std::to_string(byte_count) +
-                                        "for image of size " + std::to_string(columns) + "x" +
-                                        std::to_string(rows)};
+            throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid byte_count " + std::to_string(byte_count)
+                                        + " for image of size " + std::to_string(columns) + "x"
+                                        + std::to_string(rows));
         }
 
-        return new Gosu_Image{Gosu::Image{bitmap, image_flags}};
+        return new Gosu_Image { Gosu::Image(bitmap, { x, y, width, height }, image_flags) };
     });
 }
 

data/ffi/Gosu_Image.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "Gosu_FFI.h"
+#include <stddef.h> // for size_t
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 typedef struct Gosu_Image Gosu_Image;
@@ -13,8 +14,13 @@ typedef struct Gosu_GLTexInfo
 
 // Constructor
 GOSU_FFI_API Gosu_Image* Gosu_Image_create(const char* filename, unsigned image_flags);
-GOSU_FFI_API Gosu_Image* Gosu_Image_create_from_blob(void* blob, int byte_count, int width,
-                                                     int height, unsigned image_flags);
+GOSU_FFI_API Gosu_Image* Gosu_Image_create_from_rect(const char* filename, //
+                                                int x, int y, int width, int height,
+                                                unsigned image_flags);
+GOSU_FFI_API Gosu_Image* Gosu_Image_create_from_blob(void* blob, size_t byte_count, //
+                                                     int columns, int rows, //
+                                                     int x, int y, int width, int height,
+                                                     unsigned image_flags);
 GOSU_FFI_API Gosu_Image* Gosu_Image_create_from_markup(const char* markup, const char* font,
                                                        double font_height, int width,
                                                        double spacing, unsigned align,

data/include/Gosu/Image.hpp

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace Gosu
         /// For more flexibility, use the corresponding constructor that uses a Bitmap object.
         explicit Image(const std::string& filename, unsigned image_flags = IF_SMOOTH);
 
-        //! Loads a portion of the the image at the given filename..
+        /// Loads a portion of the the image at the given filename..
         ///
         /// A color key of #ff00ff is automatically applied to BMP image files.
         /// For more flexibility, use the corresponding constructor that uses a Bitmap object.

data/lib/gosu/ffi.rb

@@ -134,11 +134,12 @@ module GosuFFI
   attach_function :Gosu_Font_set_image, [:pointer, :string, :uint32, :pointer], :void
 
   attach_function :Gosu_Image_create, [:string, :uint32], :pointer
+  attach_function :Gosu_Image_create_from_rect, [:string, :int, :int, :int, :int, :uint32], :pointer
   attach_function :Gosu_Image_destroy, [:pointer], :void
 
   attach_function :Gosu_Image_create_from_markup, [:string, :string, :double, :int, :double, :uint32, :uint32, :uint32], :pointer
   attach_function :Gosu_Image_create_from_text, [:string, :string, :double, :int, :double, :uint32, :uint32, :uint32], :pointer
-  attach_function :Gosu_Image_create_from_blob, [:pointer, :ulong, :int, :int, :uint32], :pointer
+  attach_function :Gosu_Image_create_from_blob, [:pointer, :size_t, :int, :int, :int, :int, :int, :int, :uint32], :pointer
   attach_function :Gosu_Image_create_from_subimage, [:pointer, :int, :int, :int, :int], :pointer
   attach_function :Gosu_Image_create_from_tiles, [:string, :int, :int, :_callback_with_image, :pointer, :uint32], :void
   attach_function :Gosu_Image_create_tiles_from_image, [:pointer, :int, :int, :_callback_with_image, :pointer, :uint32], :void