Summary

When parsing unknown fields in the Protobuf Java Lite and Full library, a maliciously crafted message can cause a StackOverflow error and lead to a program crash.

Reporter: Alexis Challande, Trail of Bits Ecosystem Security Team ecosystem@trailofbits.com

Affected versions: This issue affects all versions of both the Java full and lite Protobuf runtimes, as well as Protobuf for Kotlin and JRuby, which themselves use the Java Protobuf runtime.

Severity

CVE-2024-7254 High CVSS4.0 Score 8.7 (NOTE: there may be a delay in publication)

This is a potential Denial of Service. Parsing nested groups as unknown fields with DiscardUnknownFieldsParser or Java Protobuf Lite parser, or against Protobuf map fields, creates unbounded recursions that can be abused by an attacker.

Proof of Concept

For reproduction details, please refer to the unit tests (Protobuf Java LiteTest and CodedInputStreamTest) that identify the specific inputs that exercise this parsing weakness.

Remediation and Mitigation

We have been working diligently to address this issue and have released a mitigation that is available now. Please update to the latest available versions of the following packages:

• protobuf-java (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)
• protobuf-javalite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)
• protobuf-kotlin (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)
• protobuf-kotlin-lite (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)
• com-protobuf [JRuby gem only] (3.25.5, 4.27.5, 4.28.2)

Summary

A potential Denial of Service issue in protobuf-java was discovered in the parsing procedure for binary data.

Affected versions: All versions of Java Protobufs (including Kotlin and JRuby) prior to the versions listed below. Protobuf "javalite" users (typically Android) are not affected.

Severity

High - An implementation weakness in how unknown fields are parsed in Java. A small (~800 KB) malicious payload can occupy the parser for several minutes by creating large numbers of short-lived objects that cause frequent, repeated GC pauses.

Proof of Concept

For reproduction details, please refer to the oss-fuzz issue that identifies the specific inputs that exercise this parsing weakness.

Remediation and Mitigation

Please update to the latest available versions of the following packages:

• protobuf-java (3.16.1, 3.18.2, 3.19.2)
• protobuf-kotlin (3.18.2, 3.19.2)
• google-protobuf [JRuby gem only] (3.19.2)