google-protobuf 4.31.0.rc.1-aarch64-linux-gnu

data/ext/google/protobuf_c/defs.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1932 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
+// https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "convert.h"
+#include "message.h"
+#include "protobuf.h"
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Global map from upb {msg,enum}defs to wrapper Descriptor/EnumDescriptor
+// instances.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static VALUE get_msgdef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_MessageDef* def);
+static VALUE get_enumdef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_EnumDef* def);
+static VALUE get_fielddef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_FieldDef* def);
+static VALUE get_filedef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_FileDef* def);
+static VALUE get_oneofdef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_OneofDef* def);
+static VALUE get_servicedef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool,
+                                const upb_ServiceDef* def);
+static VALUE get_methoddef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_MethodDef* def);
+
+// A distinct object that is not accessible from Ruby.  We use this as a
+// constructor argument to enforce that certain objects cannot be created from
+// Ruby.
+VALUE c_only_cookie = Qnil;
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Common utilities.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static const char* get_str(VALUE str) {
+  Check_Type(str, T_STRING);
+  return RSTRING_PTR(str);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_str_maybe_null(const char* s) {
+  if (s == NULL) {
+    s = "";
+  }
+  return rb_str_new2(s);
+}
+static ID options_instancevar_interned;
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// DescriptorPool.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct {
+  // IMPORTANT: WB_PROTECTED objects must only use the RB_OBJ_WRITE()
+  // macro to update VALUE references, as to trigger write barriers.
+  VALUE def_to_descriptor;  // Hash table of def* -> Ruby descriptor.
+  upb_DefPool* symtab;
+} DescriptorPool;
+
+VALUE cDescriptorPool = Qnil;
+
+// Global singleton DescriptorPool. The user is free to create others, but this
+// is used by generated code.
+VALUE generated_pool = Qnil;
+
+static void DescriptorPool_mark(void* _self) {
+  DescriptorPool* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->def_to_descriptor);
+}
+
+static void DescriptorPool_free(void* _self) {
+  DescriptorPool* self = _self;
+  upb_DefPool_Free(self->symtab);
+  xfree(self);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t DescriptorPool_type = {
+    "Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool",
+    {DescriptorPool_mark, DescriptorPool_free, NULL},
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
+};
+
+static DescriptorPool* ruby_to_DescriptorPool(VALUE val) {
+  DescriptorPool* ret;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(val, DescriptorPool, &DescriptorPool_type, ret);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// Exposed to other modules in defs.h.
+const upb_DefPool* DescriptorPool_GetSymtab(VALUE desc_pool_rb) {
+  DescriptorPool* pool = ruby_to_DescriptorPool(desc_pool_rb);
+  return pool->symtab;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     DescriptorPool.new => pool
+ *
+ * Creates a new, empty, descriptor pool.
+ */
+static VALUE DescriptorPool_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  DescriptorPool* self = ALLOC(DescriptorPool);
+  VALUE ret;
+
+  self->def_to_descriptor = Qnil;
+  ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &DescriptorPool_type, self);
+
+  RB_OBJ_WRITE(ret, &self->def_to_descriptor, rb_hash_new());
+  self->symtab = upb_DefPool_New();
+  return ObjectCache_TryAdd(self->symtab, ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     DescriptorPool.add_serialized_file(serialized_file_proto)
+ *
+ * Adds the given serialized FileDescriptorProto to the pool.
+ */
+VALUE DescriptorPool_add_serialized_file(VALUE _self,
+                                         VALUE serialized_file_proto) {
+  DescriptorPool* self = ruby_to_DescriptorPool(_self);
+  Check_Type(serialized_file_proto, T_STRING);
+  VALUE arena_rb = Arena_new();
+  upb_Arena* arena = Arena_get(arena_rb);
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* file_proto =
+      google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_parse(
+          RSTRING_PTR(serialized_file_proto),
+          RSTRING_LEN(serialized_file_proto), arena);
+  if (!file_proto) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unable to parse FileDescriptorProto");
+  }
+  upb_Status status;
+  upb_Status_Clear(&status);
+  const upb_FileDef* filedef =
+      upb_DefPool_AddFile(self->symtab, file_proto, &status);
+  if (!filedef) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "Unable to build file to DescriptorPool: %s",
+             upb_Status_ErrorMessage(&status));
+  }
+  RB_GC_GUARD(arena_rb);
+  return get_filedef_obj(_self, filedef);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     DescriptorPool.lookup(name) => descriptor
+ *
+ * Finds a Descriptor, EnumDescriptor, FieldDescriptor or ServiceDescriptor by
+ * name and returns it, or nil if none exists with the given name.
+ */
+static VALUE DescriptorPool_lookup(VALUE _self, VALUE name) {
+  DescriptorPool* self = ruby_to_DescriptorPool(_self);
+  const char* name_str = get_str(name);
+  const upb_MessageDef* msgdef;
+  const upb_EnumDef* enumdef;
+  const upb_FieldDef* fielddef;
+  const upb_ServiceDef* servicedef;
+  const upb_FileDef* filedef;
+
+  msgdef = upb_DefPool_FindMessageByName(self->symtab, name_str);
+  if (msgdef) {
+    return get_msgdef_obj(_self, msgdef);
+  }
+
+  fielddef = upb_DefPool_FindExtensionByName(self->symtab, name_str);
+  if (fielddef) {
+    return get_fielddef_obj(_self, fielddef);
+  }
+
+  enumdef = upb_DefPool_FindEnumByName(self->symtab, name_str);
+  if (enumdef) {
+    return get_enumdef_obj(_self, enumdef);
+  }
+
+  servicedef = upb_DefPool_FindServiceByName(self->symtab, name_str);
+  if (servicedef) {
+    return get_servicedef_obj(_self, servicedef);
+  }
+
+  filedef = upb_DefPool_FindFileByName(self->symtab, name_str);
+  if (filedef) {
+    return get_filedef_obj(_self, filedef);
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     DescriptorPool.generated_pool => descriptor_pool
+ *
+ * Class method that returns the global DescriptorPool. This is a singleton into
+ * which generated-code message and enum types are registered. The user may also
+ * register types in this pool for convenience so that they do not have to hold
+ * a reference to a private pool instance.
+ */
+static VALUE DescriptorPool_generated_pool(VALUE _self) {
+  return generated_pool;
+}
+
+static void DescriptorPool_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(module, "DescriptorPool", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, DescriptorPool_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "add_serialized_file",
+                   DescriptorPool_add_serialized_file, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "lookup", DescriptorPool_lookup, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(klass, "generated_pool",
+                             DescriptorPool_generated_pool, 0);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cDescriptorPool);
+  cDescriptorPool = klass;
+
+  rb_gc_register_address(&generated_pool);
+  generated_pool = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, klass);
+  options_instancevar_interned = rb_intern("options");
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Descriptor.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_MessageDef* msgdef;
+  // IMPORTANT: WB_PROTECTED objects must only use the RB_OBJ_WRITE()
+  // macro to update VALUE references, as to trigger write barriers.
+  VALUE klass;
+  VALUE descriptor_pool;
+} Descriptor;
+
+VALUE cDescriptor = Qnil;
+
+static void Descriptor_mark(void* _self) {
+  Descriptor* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->klass);
+  rb_gc_mark(self->descriptor_pool);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t Descriptor_type = {
+    "Google::Protobuf::Descriptor",
+    {Descriptor_mark, RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE, NULL},
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
+};
+
+static Descriptor* ruby_to_Descriptor(VALUE val) {
+  Descriptor* ret;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(val, Descriptor, &Descriptor_type, ret);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// Decode and return a frozen instance of a Descriptor Option for the given pool
+static VALUE decode_options(VALUE self, const char* option_type, int size,
+                            const char* bytes, VALUE descriptor_pool) {
+  VALUE options_rb = rb_ivar_get(self, options_instancevar_interned);
+  if (options_rb != Qnil) {
+    return options_rb;
+  }
+
+  static const char* prefix = "google.protobuf.";
+  char fullname
+      [/*strlen(prefix)*/ 16 +
+       /*strln(longest option type supported e.g. "MessageOptions")*/ 14 +
+       /*null terminator*/ 1];
+
+  snprintf(fullname, sizeof(fullname), "%s%s", prefix, option_type);
+  const upb_MessageDef* msgdef = upb_DefPool_FindMessageByName(
+      ruby_to_DescriptorPool(descriptor_pool)->symtab, fullname);
+  if (!msgdef) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Cannot find %s in DescriptorPool", option_type);
+  }
+
+  VALUE desc_rb = get_msgdef_obj(descriptor_pool, msgdef);
+  const Descriptor* desc = ruby_to_Descriptor(desc_rb);
+
+  options_rb = Message_decode_bytes(size, bytes, 0, desc->klass, false);
+
+  // Strip features from the options proto to keep it internal.
+  const upb_MessageDef* decoded_desc = NULL;
+  upb_Message* options = Message_GetMutable(options_rb, &decoded_desc);
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT(options != NULL);
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT(decoded_desc == msgdef);
+  const upb_FieldDef* field =
+      upb_MessageDef_FindFieldByName(decoded_desc, "features");
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT(field != NULL);
+  upb_Message_ClearFieldByDef(options, field);
+
+  Message_freeze(options_rb);
+
+  rb_ivar_set(self, options_instancevar_interned, options_rb);
+  return options_rb;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.new => descriptor
+ *
+ * Creates a new, empty, message type descriptor. At a minimum, its name must be
+ * set before it is added to a pool. It cannot be used to create messages until
+ * it is added to a pool, after which it becomes immutable (as part of a
+ * finalization process).
+ */
+static VALUE Descriptor_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  Descriptor* self = ALLOC(Descriptor);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &Descriptor_type, self);
+  self->msgdef = NULL;
+  self->klass = Qnil;
+  self->descriptor_pool = Qnil;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    Descriptor.new(c_only_cookie, ptr) => Descriptor
+ *
+ * Creates a descriptor wrapper object.  May only be called from C.
+ */
+static VALUE Descriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                                   VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr) {
+  Descriptor* self = ruby_to_Descriptor(_self);
+
+  if (cookie != c_only_cookie) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "Descriptor objects may not be created from Ruby.");
+  }
+
+  RB_OBJ_WRITE(_self, &self->descriptor_pool, descriptor_pool);
+  self->msgdef = (const upb_MessageDef*)NUM2ULL(ptr);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    Descriptor.file_descriptor
+ *
+ * Returns the FileDescriptor object this message belongs to.
+ */
+static VALUE Descriptor_file_descriptor(VALUE _self) {
+  Descriptor* self = ruby_to_Descriptor(_self);
+  return get_filedef_obj(self->descriptor_pool,
+                         upb_MessageDef_File(self->msgdef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.name => name
+ *
+ * Returns the name of this message type as a fully-qualified string (e.g.,
+ * My.Package.MessageType).
+ */
+static VALUE Descriptor_name(VALUE _self) {
+  Descriptor* self = ruby_to_Descriptor(_self);
+  return rb_str_maybe_null(upb_MessageDef_FullName(self->msgdef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.each(&block)
+ *
+ * Iterates over fields in this message type, yielding to the block on each one.
+ */
+static VALUE Descriptor_each(VALUE _self) {
+  Descriptor* self = ruby_to_Descriptor(_self);
+
+  int n = upb_MessageDef_FieldCount(self->msgdef);
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const upb_FieldDef* field = upb_MessageDef_Field(self->msgdef, i);
+    VALUE obj = get_fielddef_obj(self->descriptor_pool, field);
+    rb_yield(obj);
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.lookup(name) => FieldDescriptor
+ *
+ * Returns the field descriptor for the field with the given name, if present,
+ * or nil if none.
+ */
+static VALUE Descriptor_lookup(VALUE _self, VALUE name) {
+  Descriptor* self = ruby_to_Descriptor(_self);
+  const char* s = get_str(name);
+  const upb_FieldDef* field = upb_MessageDef_FindFieldByName(self->msgdef, s);
+  if (field == NULL) {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  return get_fielddef_obj(self->descriptor_pool, field);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.each_oneof(&block) => nil
+ *
+ * Invokes the given block for each oneof in this message type, passing the
+ * corresponding OneofDescriptor.
+ */
+static VALUE Descriptor_each_oneof(VALUE _self) {
+  Descriptor* self = ruby_to_Descriptor(_self);
+
+  int n = upb_MessageDef_OneofCount(self->msgdef);
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const upb_OneofDef* oneof = upb_MessageDef_Oneof(self->msgdef, i);
+    VALUE obj = get_oneofdef_obj(self->descriptor_pool, oneof);
+    rb_yield(obj);
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.lookup_oneof(name) => OneofDescriptor
+ *
+ * Returns the oneof descriptor for the oneof with the given name, if present,
+ * or nil if none.
+ */
+static VALUE Descriptor_lookup_oneof(VALUE _self, VALUE name) {
+  Descriptor* self = ruby_to_Descriptor(_self);
+  const char* s = get_str(name);
+  const upb_OneofDef* oneof = upb_MessageDef_FindOneofByName(self->msgdef, s);
+  if (oneof == NULL) {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  return get_oneofdef_obj(self->descriptor_pool, oneof);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.msgclass => message_klass
+ *
+ * Returns the Ruby class created for this message type.
+ */
+static VALUE Descriptor_msgclass(VALUE _self) {
+  Descriptor* self = ruby_to_Descriptor(_self);
+  if (self->klass == Qnil) {
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(_self, &self->klass, build_class_from_descriptor(_self));
+  }
+  return self->klass;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.options => options
+ *
+ * Returns the `MessageOptions` for this `Descriptor`.
+ */
+static VALUE Descriptor_options(VALUE _self) {
+  Descriptor* self = ruby_to_Descriptor(_self);
+  const google_protobuf_MessageOptions* opts =
+      upb_MessageDef_Options(self->msgdef);
+  upb_Arena* arena = upb_Arena_New();
+  size_t size;
+  char* serialized =
+      google_protobuf_MessageOptions_serialize(opts, arena, &size);
+  VALUE message_options = decode_options(_self, "MessageOptions", size,
+                                         serialized, self->descriptor_pool);
+  upb_Arena_Free(arena);
+  return message_options;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.to_proto => DescriptorProto
+ *
+ * Returns the `DescriptorProto` of this `Descriptor`.
+ */
+static VALUE Descriptor_to_proto(VALUE _self) {
+  Descriptor* self = ruby_to_Descriptor(_self);
+  upb_Arena* arena = upb_Arena_New();
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* proto =
+      upb_MessageDef_ToProto(self->msgdef, arena);
+  size_t size;
+  const char* serialized =
+      google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_serialize(proto, arena, &size);
+  VALUE proto_class = rb_path2class("Google::Protobuf::DescriptorProto");
+  VALUE proto_rb =
+      Message_decode_bytes(size, serialized, 0, proto_class, false);
+  upb_Arena_Free(arena);
+  return proto_rb;
+}
+
+static void Descriptor_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(module, "Descriptor", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, Descriptor_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", Descriptor_initialize, 3);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "each", Descriptor_each, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "lookup", Descriptor_lookup, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "each_oneof", Descriptor_each_oneof, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "lookup_oneof", Descriptor_lookup_oneof, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "msgclass", Descriptor_msgclass, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "name", Descriptor_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "file_descriptor", Descriptor_file_descriptor, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "options", Descriptor_options, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "to_proto", Descriptor_to_proto, 0);
+  rb_include_module(klass, rb_mEnumerable);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cDescriptor);
+  cDescriptor = klass;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FileDescriptor.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_FileDef* filedef;
+  // IMPORTANT: WB_PROTECTED objects must only use the RB_OBJ_WRITE()
+  // macro to update VALUE references, as to trigger write barriers.
+  VALUE descriptor_pool;  // Owns the upb_FileDef.
+} FileDescriptor;
+
+static VALUE cFileDescriptor = Qnil;
+
+static void FileDescriptor_mark(void* _self) {
+  FileDescriptor* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->descriptor_pool);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t FileDescriptor_type = {
+    "Google::Protobuf::FileDescriptor",
+    {FileDescriptor_mark, RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE, NULL},
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
+};
+
+static FileDescriptor* ruby_to_FileDescriptor(VALUE val) {
+  FileDescriptor* ret;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(val, FileDescriptor, &FileDescriptor_type, ret);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static VALUE FileDescriptor_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  FileDescriptor* self = ALLOC(FileDescriptor);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &FileDescriptor_type, self);
+  self->descriptor_pool = Qnil;
+  self->filedef = NULL;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FileDescriptor.new => file
+ *
+ * Returns a new file descriptor. May
+ * to a builder.
+ */
+static VALUE FileDescriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                                       VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr) {
+  FileDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FileDescriptor(_self);
+
+  if (cookie != c_only_cookie) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "Descriptor objects may not be created from Ruby.");
+  }
+
+  RB_OBJ_WRITE(_self, &self->descriptor_pool, descriptor_pool);
+  self->filedef = (const upb_FileDef*)NUM2ULL(ptr);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FileDescriptor.name => name
+ *
+ * Returns the name of the file.
+ */
+static VALUE FileDescriptor_name(VALUE _self) {
+  FileDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FileDescriptor(_self);
+  const char* name = upb_FileDef_Name(self->filedef);
+  return name == NULL ? Qnil : rb_str_new2(name);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FileDescriptor.options => options
+ *
+ * Returns the `FileOptions` for this `FileDescriptor`.
+ */
+static VALUE FileDescriptor_options(VALUE _self) {
+  FileDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FileDescriptor(_self);
+  const google_protobuf_FileOptions* opts = upb_FileDef_Options(self->filedef);
+  upb_Arena* arena = upb_Arena_New();
+  size_t size;
+  char* serialized = google_protobuf_FileOptions_serialize(opts, arena, &size);
+  VALUE file_options = decode_options(_self, "FileOptions", size, serialized,
+                                      self->descriptor_pool);
+  upb_Arena_Free(arena);
+  return file_options;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FileDescriptor.to_proto => FileDescriptorProto
+ *
+ * Returns the `FileDescriptorProto` of this `FileDescriptor`.
+ */
+static VALUE FileDescriptor_to_proto(VALUE _self) {
+  FileDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FileDescriptor(_self);
+  upb_Arena* arena = upb_Arena_New();
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* file_proto =
+      upb_FileDef_ToProto(self->filedef, arena);
+
+  size_t size;
+  const char* serialized =
+      google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_serialize(file_proto, arena, &size);
+
+  VALUE file_proto_class =
+      rb_path2class("Google::Protobuf::FileDescriptorProto");
+  VALUE proto_rb =
+      Message_decode_bytes(size, serialized, 0, file_proto_class, false);
+  upb_Arena_Free(arena);
+  return proto_rb;
+}
+
+static void FileDescriptor_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(module, "FileDescriptor", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, FileDescriptor_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", FileDescriptor_initialize, 3);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "name", FileDescriptor_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "options", FileDescriptor_options, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "to_proto", FileDescriptor_to_proto, 0);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cFileDescriptor);
+  cFileDescriptor = klass;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FieldDescriptor.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_FieldDef* fielddef;
+  // IMPORTANT: WB_PROTECTED objects must only use the RB_OBJ_WRITE()
+  // macro to update VALUE references, as to trigger write barriers.
+  VALUE descriptor_pool;  // Owns the upb_FieldDef.
+} FieldDescriptor;
+
+static VALUE cFieldDescriptor = Qnil;
+
+static void FieldDescriptor_mark(void* _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->descriptor_pool);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t FieldDescriptor_type = {
+    "Google::Protobuf::FieldDescriptor",
+    {FieldDescriptor_mark, RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE, NULL},
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
+};
+
+static FieldDescriptor* ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(VALUE val) {
+  FieldDescriptor* ret;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(val, FieldDescriptor, &FieldDescriptor_type, ret);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.new => field
+ *
+ * Returns a new field descriptor. Its name, type, etc. must be set before it is
+ * added to a message type.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ALLOC(FieldDescriptor);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &FieldDescriptor_type, self);
+  self->fielddef = NULL;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    FieldDescriptor.new(c_only_cookie, pool, ptr) => FieldDescriptor
+ *
+ * Creates a descriptor wrapper object.  May only be called from C.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                                        VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+
+  if (cookie != c_only_cookie) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "Descriptor objects may not be created from Ruby.");
+  }
+
+  RB_OBJ_WRITE(_self, &self->descriptor_pool, descriptor_pool);
+  self->fielddef = (const upb_FieldDef*)NUM2ULL(ptr);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.name => name
+ *
+ * Returns the name of this field.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_name(VALUE _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  return rb_str_maybe_null(upb_FieldDef_Name(self->fielddef));
+}
+
+// Non-static, exposed to other .c files.
+upb_CType ruby_to_fieldtype(VALUE type) {
+  if (TYPE(type) != T_SYMBOL) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected symbol for field type.");
+  }
+
+#define CONVERT(upb, ruby)                \
+  if (SYM2ID(type) == rb_intern(#ruby)) { \
+    return kUpb_CType_##upb;              \
+  }
+
+  CONVERT(Float, float);
+  CONVERT(Double, double);
+  CONVERT(Bool, bool);
+  CONVERT(String, string);
+  CONVERT(Bytes, bytes);
+  CONVERT(Message, message);
+  CONVERT(Enum, enum);
+  CONVERT(Int32, int32);
+  CONVERT(Int64, int64);
+  CONVERT(UInt32, uint32);
+  CONVERT(UInt64, uint64);
+
+#undef CONVERT
+
+  rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown field type.");
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static VALUE descriptortype_to_ruby(upb_FieldType type) {
+  switch (type) {
+#define CONVERT(upb, ruby)   \
+  case kUpb_FieldType_##upb: \
+    return ID2SYM(rb_intern(#ruby));
+    CONVERT(Float, float);
+    CONVERT(Double, double);
+    CONVERT(Bool, bool);
+    CONVERT(String, string);
+    CONVERT(Bytes, bytes);
+    CONVERT(Message, message);
+    CONVERT(Group, group);
+    CONVERT(Enum, enum);
+    CONVERT(Int32, int32);
+    CONVERT(Int64, int64);
+    CONVERT(UInt32, uint32);
+    CONVERT(UInt64, uint64);
+    CONVERT(SInt32, sint32);
+    CONVERT(SInt64, sint64);
+    CONVERT(Fixed32, fixed32);
+    CONVERT(Fixed64, fixed64);
+    CONVERT(SFixed32, sfixed32);
+    CONVERT(SFixed64, sfixed64);
+#undef CONVERT
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.type => type
+ *
+ * Returns this field's type, as a Ruby symbol, or nil if not yet set.
+ *
+ * Valid field types are:
+ *     :int32, :int64, :uint32, :uint64, :float, :double, :bool, :string,
+ *     :bytes, :message.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor__type(VALUE _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  return descriptortype_to_ruby(upb_FieldDef_Type(self->fielddef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.default => default
+ *
+ * Returns this field's default, as a Ruby object, or nil if not yet set.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_default(VALUE _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  const upb_FieldDef* f = self->fielddef;
+  upb_MessageValue default_val = upb_MessageValue_Zero();
+  if (upb_FieldDef_IsSubMessage(f)) {
+    return Qnil;
+  } else if (!upb_FieldDef_IsRepeated(f)) {
+    default_val = upb_FieldDef_Default(f);
+  }
+  return Convert_UpbToRuby(default_val, TypeInfo_get(self->fielddef), Qnil);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.has_presence? => bool
+ *
+ * Returns whether this field tracks presence.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_has_presence(VALUE _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  return upb_FieldDef_HasPresence(self->fielddef) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.required? => bool
+ *
+ * Returns whether this is a required field.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_is_required(VALUE _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  return upb_FieldDef_IsRequired(self->fielddef) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.repeated? => bool
+ *
+ * Returns whether this is a repeated field.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_is_repeated(VALUE _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  return upb_FieldDef_IsRepeated(self->fielddef) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.is_packed? => bool
+ *
+ * Returns whether this is a repeated field that uses packed encoding.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_is_packed(VALUE _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  return upb_FieldDef_IsPacked(self->fielddef) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.json_name => json_name
+ *
+ * Returns this field's json_name, as a Ruby string, or nil if not yet set.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_json_name(VALUE _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  const upb_FieldDef* f = self->fielddef;
+  const char* json_name = upb_FieldDef_JsonName(f);
+  return rb_str_new2(json_name);
+}
+
+/*
+ * DEPRECATED: Use repeated? or required? instead.
+ *
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.label => label
+ *
+ * Returns this field's label (i.e., plurality), as a Ruby symbol.
+ *
+ * Valid field labels are:
+ *     :optional, :repeated
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_label(VALUE _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  switch (upb_FieldDef_Label(self->fielddef)) {
+#define CONVERT(upb, ruby) \
+  case kUpb_Label_##upb:   \
+    return ID2SYM(rb_intern(#ruby));
+
+    CONVERT(Optional, optional);
+    CONVERT(Required, required);
+    CONVERT(Repeated, repeated);
+
+#undef CONVERT
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.number => number
+ *
+ * Returns the tag number for this field.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_number(VALUE _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  return INT2NUM(upb_FieldDef_Number(self->fielddef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.submsg_name => submsg_name
+ *
+ * Returns the name of the message or enum type corresponding to this field, if
+ * it is a message or enum field (respectively), or nil otherwise. This type
+ * name will be resolved within the context of the pool to which the containing
+ * message type is added.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_submsg_name(VALUE _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  switch (upb_FieldDef_CType(self->fielddef)) {
+    case kUpb_CType_Enum:
+      return rb_str_new2(
+          upb_EnumDef_FullName(upb_FieldDef_EnumSubDef(self->fielddef)));
+    case kUpb_CType_Message:
+      return rb_str_new2(
+          upb_MessageDef_FullName(upb_FieldDef_MessageSubDef(self->fielddef)));
+    default:
+      return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.subtype => message_or_enum_descriptor
+ *
+ * Returns the message or enum descriptor corresponding to this field's type if
+ * it is a message or enum field, respectively, or nil otherwise. Cannot be
+ * called *until* the containing message type is added to a pool (and thus
+ * resolved).
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_subtype(VALUE _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  switch (upb_FieldDef_CType(self->fielddef)) {
+    case kUpb_CType_Enum:
+      return get_enumdef_obj(self->descriptor_pool,
+                             upb_FieldDef_EnumSubDef(self->fielddef));
+    case kUpb_CType_Message:
+      return get_msgdef_obj(self->descriptor_pool,
+                            upb_FieldDef_MessageSubDef(self->fielddef));
+    default:
+      return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.get(message) => value
+ *
+ * Returns the value set for this field on the given message. Raises an
+ * exception if message is of the wrong type.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_get(VALUE _self, VALUE msg_rb) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  const upb_MessageDef* m;
+
+  Message_Get(msg_rb, &m);
+
+  if (m != upb_FieldDef_ContainingType(self->fielddef)) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "get method called on wrong message type");
+  }
+
+  return Message_getfield(msg_rb, self->fielddef);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.has?(message) => boolean
+ *
+ * Returns whether the value is set on the given message. Raises an
+ * exception when calling for fields that do not have presence.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_has(VALUE _self, VALUE msg_rb) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  const upb_MessageDef* m;
+  const upb_Message* msg = Message_Get(msg_rb, &m);
+
+  if (m != upb_FieldDef_ContainingType(self->fielddef)) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "has method called on wrong message type");
+  } else if (!upb_FieldDef_HasPresence(self->fielddef)) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "does not track presence");
+  }
+
+  return upb_Message_HasFieldByDef(msg, self->fielddef) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.clear(message)
+ *
+ * Clears the field from the message if it's set.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_clear(VALUE _self, VALUE msg_rb) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  const upb_MessageDef* m;
+  upb_Message* msg = Message_GetMutable(msg_rb, &m);
+
+  if (m != upb_FieldDef_ContainingType(self->fielddef)) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "has method called on wrong message type");
+  }
+
+  upb_Message_ClearFieldByDef(msg, self->fielddef);
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.set(message, value)
+ *
+ * Sets the value corresponding to this field to the given value on the given
+ * message. Raises an exception if message is of the wrong type. Performs the
+ * ordinary type-checks for field setting.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_set(VALUE _self, VALUE msg_rb, VALUE value) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  const upb_MessageDef* m;
+  upb_Message* msg = Message_GetMutable(msg_rb, &m);
+  upb_Arena* arena = Arena_get(Message_GetArena(msg_rb));
+  upb_MessageValue msgval;
+
+  if (m != upb_FieldDef_ContainingType(self->fielddef)) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "set method called on wrong message type");
+  }
+
+  msgval = Convert_RubyToUpb(value, upb_FieldDef_Name(self->fielddef),
+                             TypeInfo_get(self->fielddef), arena);
+  upb_Message_SetFieldByDef(msg, self->fielddef, msgval, arena);
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.options => options
+ *
+ * Returns the `FieldOptions` for this `FieldDescriptor`.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_options(VALUE _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  const google_protobuf_FieldOptions* opts =
+      upb_FieldDef_Options(self->fielddef);
+  upb_Arena* arena = upb_Arena_New();
+  size_t size;
+  char* serialized = google_protobuf_FieldOptions_serialize(opts, arena, &size);
+  VALUE field_options = decode_options(_self, "FieldOptions", size, serialized,
+                                       self->descriptor_pool);
+  upb_Arena_Free(arena);
+  return field_options;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.to_proto => FieldDescriptorProto
+ *
+ * Returns the `FieldDescriptorProto` of this `FieldDescriptor`.
+ */
+static VALUE FieldDescriptor_to_proto(VALUE _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(_self);
+  upb_Arena* arena = upb_Arena_New();
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* proto =
+      upb_FieldDef_ToProto(self->fielddef, arena);
+  size_t size;
+  const char* serialized =
+      google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_serialize(proto, arena, &size);
+  VALUE proto_class = rb_path2class("Google::Protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto");
+  VALUE proto_rb =
+      Message_decode_bytes(size, serialized, 0, proto_class, false);
+  upb_Arena_Free(arena);
+  return proto_rb;
+}
+
+static void FieldDescriptor_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(module, "FieldDescriptor", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, FieldDescriptor_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", FieldDescriptor_initialize, 3);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "name", FieldDescriptor_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "type", FieldDescriptor__type, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "default", FieldDescriptor_default, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "has_presence?", FieldDescriptor_has_presence, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "required?", FieldDescriptor_is_required, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "repeated?", FieldDescriptor_is_repeated, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "is_packed?", FieldDescriptor_is_packed, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "json_name", FieldDescriptor_json_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "label", FieldDescriptor_label, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "number", FieldDescriptor_number, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "submsg_name", FieldDescriptor_submsg_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "subtype", FieldDescriptor_subtype, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "has?", FieldDescriptor_has, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "clear", FieldDescriptor_clear, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "get", FieldDescriptor_get, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "set", FieldDescriptor_set, 2);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "options", FieldDescriptor_options, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "to_proto", FieldDescriptor_to_proto, 0);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cFieldDescriptor);
+  cFieldDescriptor = klass;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// OneofDescriptor.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_OneofDef* oneofdef;
+  // IMPORTANT: WB_PROTECTED objects must only use the RB_OBJ_WRITE()
+  // macro to update VALUE references, as to trigger write barriers.
+  VALUE descriptor_pool;  // Owns the upb_OneofDef.
+} OneofDescriptor;
+
+static VALUE cOneofDescriptor = Qnil;
+
+static void OneofDescriptor_mark(void* _self) {
+  OneofDescriptor* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->descriptor_pool);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t OneofDescriptor_type = {
+    "Google::Protobuf::OneofDescriptor",
+    {OneofDescriptor_mark, RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE, NULL},
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
+};
+
+static OneofDescriptor* ruby_to_OneofDescriptor(VALUE val) {
+  OneofDescriptor* ret;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(val, OneofDescriptor, &OneofDescriptor_type, ret);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     OneofDescriptor.new => oneof_descriptor
+ *
+ * Creates a new, empty, oneof descriptor. The oneof may only be modified prior
+ * to being added to a message descriptor which is subsequently added to a pool.
+ */
+static VALUE OneofDescriptor_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  OneofDescriptor* self = ALLOC(OneofDescriptor);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &OneofDescriptor_type, self);
+  self->oneofdef = NULL;
+  self->descriptor_pool = Qnil;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    OneofDescriptor.new(c_only_cookie, pool, ptr) => OneofDescriptor
+ *
+ * Creates a descriptor wrapper object.  May only be called from C.
+ */
+static VALUE OneofDescriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                                        VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr) {
+  OneofDescriptor* self = ruby_to_OneofDescriptor(_self);
+
+  if (cookie != c_only_cookie) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "Descriptor objects may not be created from Ruby.");
+  }
+
+  RB_OBJ_WRITE(_self, &self->descriptor_pool, descriptor_pool);
+  self->oneofdef = (const upb_OneofDef*)NUM2ULL(ptr);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     OneofDescriptor.name => name
+ *
+ * Returns the name of this oneof.
+ */
+static VALUE OneofDescriptor_name(VALUE _self) {
+  OneofDescriptor* self = ruby_to_OneofDescriptor(_self);
+  return rb_str_maybe_null(upb_OneofDef_Name(self->oneofdef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     OneofDescriptor.each(&block) => nil
+ *
+ * Iterates through fields in this oneof, yielding to the block on each one.
+ */
+static VALUE OneofDescriptor_each(VALUE _self) {
+  OneofDescriptor* self = ruby_to_OneofDescriptor(_self);
+
+  int n = upb_OneofDef_FieldCount(self->oneofdef);
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const upb_FieldDef* f = upb_OneofDef_Field(self->oneofdef, i);
+    VALUE obj = get_fielddef_obj(self->descriptor_pool, f);
+    rb_yield(obj);
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     OneofDescriptor.options => options
+ *
+ * Returns the `OneofOptions` for this `OneofDescriptor`.
+ */
+static VALUE OneOfDescriptor_options(VALUE _self) {
+  OneofDescriptor* self = ruby_to_OneofDescriptor(_self);
+  const google_protobuf_OneofOptions* opts =
+      upb_OneofDef_Options(self->oneofdef);
+  upb_Arena* arena = upb_Arena_New();
+  size_t size;
+  char* serialized = google_protobuf_OneofOptions_serialize(opts, arena, &size);
+  VALUE oneof_options = decode_options(_self, "OneofOptions", size, serialized,
+                                       self->descriptor_pool);
+  upb_Arena_Free(arena);
+  return oneof_options;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     OneofDescriptor.to_proto => OneofDescriptorProto
+ *
+ * Returns the `OneofDescriptorProto` of this `OneofDescriptor`.
+ */
+static VALUE OneOfDescriptor_to_proto(VALUE _self) {
+  OneofDescriptor* self = ruby_to_OneofDescriptor(_self);
+  upb_Arena* arena = upb_Arena_New();
+  google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto* proto =
+      upb_OneofDef_ToProto(self->oneofdef, arena);
+  size_t size;
+  const char* serialized =
+      google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_serialize(proto, arena, &size);
+  VALUE proto_class = rb_path2class("Google::Protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto");
+  VALUE proto_rb =
+      Message_decode_bytes(size, serialized, 0, proto_class, false);
+  upb_Arena_Free(arena);
+  return proto_rb;
+}
+
+static void OneofDescriptor_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(module, "OneofDescriptor", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, OneofDescriptor_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", OneofDescriptor_initialize, 3);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "name", OneofDescriptor_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "each", OneofDescriptor_each, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "options", OneOfDescriptor_options, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "to_proto", OneOfDescriptor_to_proto, 0);
+  rb_include_module(klass, rb_mEnumerable);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cOneofDescriptor);
+  cOneofDescriptor = klass;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// EnumDescriptor.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_EnumDef* enumdef;
+  // IMPORTANT: WB_PROTECTED objects must only use the RB_OBJ_WRITE()
+  // macro to update VALUE references, as to trigger write barriers.
+  VALUE module;           // begins as nil
+  VALUE descriptor_pool;  // Owns the upb_EnumDef.
+} EnumDescriptor;
+
+static VALUE cEnumDescriptor = Qnil;
+
+static void EnumDescriptor_mark(void* _self) {
+  EnumDescriptor* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->module);
+  rb_gc_mark(self->descriptor_pool);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t EnumDescriptor_type = {
+    "Google::Protobuf::EnumDescriptor",
+    {EnumDescriptor_mark, RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE, NULL},
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
+};
+
+static EnumDescriptor* ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(VALUE val) {
+  EnumDescriptor* ret;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(val, EnumDescriptor, &EnumDescriptor_type, ret);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static VALUE EnumDescriptor_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  EnumDescriptor* self = ALLOC(EnumDescriptor);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &EnumDescriptor_type, self);
+  self->enumdef = NULL;
+  self->module = Qnil;
+  self->descriptor_pool = Qnil;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// Exposed to other modules in defs.h.
+const upb_EnumDef* EnumDescriptor_GetEnumDef(VALUE enum_desc_rb) {
+  EnumDescriptor* desc = ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(enum_desc_rb);
+  return desc->enumdef;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    EnumDescriptor.new(c_only_cookie, ptr) => EnumDescriptor
+ *
+ * Creates a descriptor wrapper object.  May only be called from C.
+ */
+static VALUE EnumDescriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                                       VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr) {
+  EnumDescriptor* self = ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(_self);
+
+  if (cookie != c_only_cookie) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "Descriptor objects may not be created from Ruby.");
+  }
+
+  RB_OBJ_WRITE(_self, &self->descriptor_pool, descriptor_pool);
+  self->enumdef = (const upb_EnumDef*)NUM2ULL(ptr);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    EnumDescriptor.file_descriptor
+ *
+ * Returns the FileDescriptor object this enum belongs to.
+ */
+static VALUE EnumDescriptor_file_descriptor(VALUE _self) {
+  EnumDescriptor* self = ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(_self);
+  return get_filedef_obj(self->descriptor_pool,
+                         upb_EnumDef_File(self->enumdef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     EnumDescriptor.is_closed? => bool
+ *
+ * Returns whether this enum is open or closed.
+ */
+static VALUE EnumDescriptor_is_closed(VALUE _self) {
+  EnumDescriptor* self = ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(_self);
+  return upb_EnumDef_IsClosed(self->enumdef) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     EnumDescriptor.name => name
+ *
+ * Returns the name of this enum type.
+ */
+static VALUE EnumDescriptor_name(VALUE _self) {
+  EnumDescriptor* self = ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(_self);
+  return rb_str_maybe_null(upb_EnumDef_FullName(self->enumdef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     EnumDescriptor.lookup_name(name) => value
+ *
+ * Returns the numeric value corresponding to the given key name (as a Ruby
+ * symbol), or nil if none.
+ */
+static VALUE EnumDescriptor_lookup_name(VALUE _self, VALUE name) {
+  EnumDescriptor* self = ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(_self);
+  const char* name_str = rb_id2name(SYM2ID(name));
+  const upb_EnumValueDef* ev =
+      upb_EnumDef_FindValueByName(self->enumdef, name_str);
+  if (ev) {
+    return INT2NUM(upb_EnumValueDef_Number(ev));
+  } else {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     EnumDescriptor.lookup_value(name) => value
+ *
+ * Returns the key name (as a Ruby symbol) corresponding to the integer value,
+ * or nil if none.
+ */
+static VALUE EnumDescriptor_lookup_value(VALUE _self, VALUE number) {
+  EnumDescriptor* self = ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(_self);
+  int32_t val = NUM2INT(number);
+  const upb_EnumValueDef* ev =
+      upb_EnumDef_FindValueByNumber(self->enumdef, val);
+  if (ev) {
+    return ID2SYM(rb_intern(upb_EnumValueDef_Name(ev)));
+  } else {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     EnumDescriptor.each(&block)
+ *
+ * Iterates over key => value mappings in this enum's definition, yielding to
+ * the block with (key, value) arguments for each one.
+ */
+static VALUE EnumDescriptor_each(VALUE _self) {
+  EnumDescriptor* self = ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(_self);
+
+  int n = upb_EnumDef_ValueCount(self->enumdef);
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const upb_EnumValueDef* ev = upb_EnumDef_Value(self->enumdef, i);
+    VALUE key = ID2SYM(rb_intern(upb_EnumValueDef_Name(ev)));
+    VALUE number = INT2NUM(upb_EnumValueDef_Number(ev));
+    rb_yield_values(2, key, number);
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     EnumDescriptor.enummodule => module
+ *
+ * Returns the Ruby module corresponding to this enum type.
+ */
+static VALUE EnumDescriptor_enummodule(VALUE _self) {
+  EnumDescriptor* self = ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(_self);
+  if (self->module == Qnil) {
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(_self, &self->module, build_module_from_enumdesc(_self));
+  }
+  return self->module;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     EnumDescriptor.options => options
+ *
+ * Returns the `EnumOptions` for this `EnumDescriptor`.
+ */
+static VALUE EnumDescriptor_options(VALUE _self) {
+  EnumDescriptor* self = ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(_self);
+  const google_protobuf_EnumOptions* opts = upb_EnumDef_Options(self->enumdef);
+  upb_Arena* arena = upb_Arena_New();
+  size_t size;
+  char* serialized = google_protobuf_EnumOptions_serialize(opts, arena, &size);
+  VALUE enum_options = decode_options(_self, "EnumOptions", size, serialized,
+                                      self->descriptor_pool);
+  upb_Arena_Free(arena);
+  return enum_options;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     EnumDescriptor.to_proto => EnumDescriptorProto
+ *
+ * Returns the `EnumDescriptorProto` of this `EnumDescriptor`.
+ */
+static VALUE EnumDescriptor_to_proto(VALUE _self) {
+  EnumDescriptor* self = ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(_self);
+  upb_Arena* arena = upb_Arena_New();
+  google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* proto =
+      upb_EnumDef_ToProto(self->enumdef, arena);
+
+  size_t size;
+  const char* serialized =
+      google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_serialize(proto, arena, &size);
+
+  VALUE proto_class = rb_path2class("Google::Protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto");
+  VALUE proto_rb =
+      Message_decode_bytes(size, serialized, 0, proto_class, false);
+  upb_Arena_Free(arena);
+  return proto_rb;
+}
+
+static void EnumDescriptor_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(module, "EnumDescriptor", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, EnumDescriptor_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", EnumDescriptor_initialize, 3);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "name", EnumDescriptor_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "lookup_name", EnumDescriptor_lookup_name, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "lookup_value", EnumDescriptor_lookup_value, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "each", EnumDescriptor_each, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "enummodule", EnumDescriptor_enummodule, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "file_descriptor", EnumDescriptor_file_descriptor, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "is_closed?", EnumDescriptor_is_closed, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "options", EnumDescriptor_options, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "to_proto", EnumDescriptor_to_proto, 0);
+  rb_include_module(klass, rb_mEnumerable);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cEnumDescriptor);
+  cEnumDescriptor = klass;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ServiceDescriptor
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_ServiceDef* servicedef;
+  // IMPORTANT: WB_PROTECTED objects must only use the RB_OBJ_WRITE()
+  // macro to update VALUE references, as to trigger write barriers.
+  VALUE module;           // begins as nil
+  VALUE descriptor_pool;  // Owns the upb_ServiceDef.
+} ServiceDescriptor;
+
+static VALUE cServiceDescriptor = Qnil;
+
+static void ServiceDescriptor_mark(void* _self) {
+  ServiceDescriptor* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->module);
+  rb_gc_mark(self->descriptor_pool);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t ServiceDescriptor_type = {
+    "Google::Protobuf::ServicDescriptor",
+    {ServiceDescriptor_mark, RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE, NULL},
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
+};
+
+static ServiceDescriptor* ruby_to_ServiceDescriptor(VALUE val) {
+  ServiceDescriptor* ret;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(val, ServiceDescriptor, &ServiceDescriptor_type, ret);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static VALUE ServiceDescriptor_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  ServiceDescriptor* self = ALLOC(ServiceDescriptor);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &ServiceDescriptor_type, self);
+  self->servicedef = NULL;
+  self->module = Qnil;
+  self->descriptor_pool = Qnil;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ServiceDescriptor.new(c_only_cookie, ptr) => ServiceDescriptor
+ *
+ * Creates a descriptor wrapper object.  May only be called from C.
+ */
+static VALUE ServiceDescriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                                          VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr) {
+  ServiceDescriptor* self = ruby_to_ServiceDescriptor(_self);
+
+  if (cookie != c_only_cookie) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "Descriptor objects may not be created from Ruby.");
+  }
+
+  RB_OBJ_WRITE(_self, &self->descriptor_pool, descriptor_pool);
+  self->servicedef = (const upb_ServiceDef*)NUM2ULL(ptr);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     ServiceDescriptor.name => name
+ *
+ * Returns the name of this service.
+ */
+static VALUE ServiceDescriptor_name(VALUE _self) {
+  ServiceDescriptor* self = ruby_to_ServiceDescriptor(_self);
+  return rb_str_maybe_null(upb_ServiceDef_FullName(self->servicedef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ServiceDescriptor.file_descriptor
+ *
+ * Returns the FileDescriptor object this service belongs to.
+ */
+static VALUE ServiceDescriptor_file_descriptor(VALUE _self) {
+  ServiceDescriptor* self = ruby_to_ServiceDescriptor(_self);
+  return get_filedef_obj(self->descriptor_pool,
+                         upb_ServiceDef_File(self->servicedef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     ServiceDescriptor.each(&block)
+ *
+ * Iterates over methods in this service, yielding to the block on each one.
+ */
+static VALUE ServiceDescriptor_each(VALUE _self) {
+  ServiceDescriptor* self = ruby_to_ServiceDescriptor(_self);
+
+  int n = upb_ServiceDef_MethodCount(self->servicedef);
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const upb_MethodDef* method = upb_ServiceDef_Method(self->servicedef, i);
+    VALUE obj = get_methoddef_obj(self->descriptor_pool, method);
+    rb_yield(obj);
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     ServiceDescriptor.options => options
+ *
+ * Returns the `ServiceOptions` for this `ServiceDescriptor`.
+ */
+static VALUE ServiceDescriptor_options(VALUE _self) {
+  ServiceDescriptor* self = ruby_to_ServiceDescriptor(_self);
+  const google_protobuf_ServiceOptions* opts =
+      upb_ServiceDef_Options(self->servicedef);
+  upb_Arena* arena = upb_Arena_New();
+  size_t size;
+  char* serialized =
+      google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_serialize(opts, arena, &size);
+  VALUE service_options = decode_options(_self, "ServiceOptions", size,
+                                         serialized, self->descriptor_pool);
+  upb_Arena_Free(arena);
+  return service_options;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     ServiceDescriptor.to_proto => ServiceDescriptorProto
+ *
+ * Returns the `ServiceDescriptorProto` of this `ServiceDescriptor`.
+ */
+static VALUE ServiceDescriptor_to_proto(VALUE _self) {
+  ServiceDescriptor* self = ruby_to_ServiceDescriptor(_self);
+  upb_Arena* arena = upb_Arena_New();
+  google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto* proto =
+      upb_ServiceDef_ToProto(self->servicedef, arena);
+  size_t size;
+  const char* serialized =
+      google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_serialize(proto, arena, &size);
+  VALUE proto_class = rb_path2class("Google::Protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto");
+  VALUE proto_rb =
+      Message_decode_bytes(size, serialized, 0, proto_class, false);
+  upb_Arena_Free(arena);
+  return proto_rb;
+}
+
+static void ServiceDescriptor_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(module, "ServiceDescriptor", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, ServiceDescriptor_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", ServiceDescriptor_initialize, 3);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "name", ServiceDescriptor_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "each", ServiceDescriptor_each, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "file_descriptor", ServiceDescriptor_file_descriptor,
+                   0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "options", ServiceDescriptor_options, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "to_proto", ServiceDescriptor_to_proto, 0);
+  rb_include_module(klass, rb_mEnumerable);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cServiceDescriptor);
+  cServiceDescriptor = klass;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MethodDescriptor
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_MethodDef* methoddef;
+  // IMPORTANT: WB_PROTECTED objects must only use the RB_OBJ_WRITE()
+  // macro to update VALUE references, as to trigger write barriers.
+  VALUE module;           // begins as nil
+  VALUE descriptor_pool;  // Owns the upb_MethodDef.
+} MethodDescriptor;
+
+static VALUE cMethodDescriptor = Qnil;
+
+static void MethodDescriptor_mark(void* _self) {
+  MethodDescriptor* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->module);
+  rb_gc_mark(self->descriptor_pool);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t MethodDescriptor_type = {
+    "Google::Protobuf::MethodDescriptor",
+    {MethodDescriptor_mark, RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE, NULL},
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
+};
+
+static MethodDescriptor* ruby_to_MethodDescriptor(VALUE val) {
+  MethodDescriptor* ret;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(val, MethodDescriptor, &MethodDescriptor_type, ret);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static VALUE MethodDescriptor_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  MethodDescriptor* self = ALLOC(MethodDescriptor);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &MethodDescriptor_type, self);
+  self->methoddef = NULL;
+  self->module = Qnil;
+  self->descriptor_pool = Qnil;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    MethodDescriptor.new(c_only_cookie, ptr) => MethodDescriptor
+ *
+ * Creates a descriptor wrapper object.  May only be called from C.
+ */
+static VALUE MethodDescriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                                         VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr) {
+  MethodDescriptor* self = ruby_to_MethodDescriptor(_self);
+
+  if (cookie != c_only_cookie) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "Descriptor objects may not be created from Ruby.");
+  }
+
+  RB_OBJ_WRITE(_self, &self->descriptor_pool, descriptor_pool);
+  self->methoddef = (const upb_MethodDef*)NUM2ULL(ptr);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     MethodDescriptor.name => name
+ *
+ * Returns the name of this method
+ */
+static VALUE MethodDescriptor_name(VALUE _self) {
+  MethodDescriptor* self = ruby_to_MethodDescriptor(_self);
+  return rb_str_maybe_null(upb_MethodDef_Name(self->methoddef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     MethodDescriptor.options => options
+ *
+ * Returns the `MethodOptions` for this `MethodDescriptor`.
+ */
+static VALUE MethodDescriptor_options(VALUE _self) {
+  MethodDescriptor* self = ruby_to_MethodDescriptor(_self);
+  const google_protobuf_MethodOptions* opts =
+      upb_MethodDef_Options(self->methoddef);
+  upb_Arena* arena = upb_Arena_New();
+  size_t size;
+  char* serialized =
+      google_protobuf_MethodOptions_serialize(opts, arena, &size);
+  VALUE method_options = decode_options(_self, "MethodOptions", size,
+                                        serialized, self->descriptor_pool);
+  upb_Arena_Free(arena);
+  return method_options;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      MethodDescriptor.input_type => Descriptor
+ *
+ * Returns the `Descriptor` for the request message type of this method
+ */
+static VALUE MethodDescriptor_input_type(VALUE _self) {
+  MethodDescriptor* self = ruby_to_MethodDescriptor(_self);
+  const upb_MessageDef* type = upb_MethodDef_InputType(self->methoddef);
+  return get_msgdef_obj(self->descriptor_pool, type);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      MethodDescriptor.output_type => Descriptor
+ *
+ * Returns the `Descriptor` for the response message type of this method
+ */
+static VALUE MethodDescriptor_output_type(VALUE _self) {
+  MethodDescriptor* self = ruby_to_MethodDescriptor(_self);
+  const upb_MessageDef* type = upb_MethodDef_OutputType(self->methoddef);
+  return get_msgdef_obj(self->descriptor_pool, type);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      MethodDescriptor.client_streaming => bool
+ *
+ * Returns whether or not this is a streaming request method
+ */
+static VALUE MethodDescriptor_client_streaming(VALUE _self) {
+  MethodDescriptor* self = ruby_to_MethodDescriptor(_self);
+  return upb_MethodDef_ClientStreaming(self->methoddef) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     MethodDescriptor.to_proto => MethodDescriptorProto
+ *
+ * Returns the `MethodDescriptorProto` of this `MethodDescriptor`.
+ */
+static VALUE MethodDescriptor_to_proto(VALUE _self) {
+  MethodDescriptor* self = ruby_to_MethodDescriptor(_self);
+  upb_Arena* arena = upb_Arena_New();
+  google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto* proto =
+      upb_MethodDef_ToProto(self->methoddef, arena);
+  size_t size;
+  const char* serialized =
+      google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_serialize(proto, arena, &size);
+  VALUE proto_class = rb_path2class("Google::Protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto");
+  VALUE proto_rb =
+      Message_decode_bytes(size, serialized, 0, proto_class, false);
+  upb_Arena_Free(arena);
+  return proto_rb;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      MethodDescriptor.server_streaming => bool
+ *
+ * Returns whether or not this is a streaming response method
+ */
+static VALUE MethodDescriptor_server_streaming(VALUE _self) {
+  MethodDescriptor* self = ruby_to_MethodDescriptor(_self);
+  return upb_MethodDef_ServerStreaming(self->methoddef) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+static void MethodDescriptor_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(module, "MethodDescriptor", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, MethodDescriptor_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", MethodDescriptor_initialize, 3);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "name", MethodDescriptor_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "options", MethodDescriptor_options, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "input_type", MethodDescriptor_input_type, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "output_type", MethodDescriptor_output_type, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "client_streaming", MethodDescriptor_client_streaming,
+                   0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "server_streaming", MethodDescriptor_server_streaming,
+                   0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "to_proto", MethodDescriptor_to_proto, 0);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cMethodDescriptor);
+  cMethodDescriptor = klass;
+}
+
+static VALUE get_def_obj(VALUE _descriptor_pool, const void* ptr, VALUE klass) {
+  DescriptorPool* descriptor_pool = ruby_to_DescriptorPool(_descriptor_pool);
+  VALUE key = ULL2NUM((intptr_t)ptr);
+  VALUE def;
+
+  def = rb_hash_aref(descriptor_pool->def_to_descriptor, key);
+
+  if (ptr == NULL) {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+
+  if (def == Qnil) {
+    // Lazily create wrapper object.
+    VALUE args[3] = {c_only_cookie, _descriptor_pool, key};
+    def = rb_class_new_instance(3, args, klass);
+    rb_hash_aset(descriptor_pool->def_to_descriptor, key, def);
+  }
+
+  return def;
+}
+
+static VALUE get_msgdef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_MessageDef* def) {
+  return get_def_obj(descriptor_pool, def, cDescriptor);
+}
+
+static VALUE get_enumdef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_EnumDef* def) {
+  return get_def_obj(descriptor_pool, def, cEnumDescriptor);
+}
+
+static VALUE get_fielddef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_FieldDef* def) {
+  return get_def_obj(descriptor_pool, def, cFieldDescriptor);
+}
+
+static VALUE get_filedef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_FileDef* def) {
+  return get_def_obj(descriptor_pool, def, cFileDescriptor);
+}
+
+static VALUE get_oneofdef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_OneofDef* def) {
+  return get_def_obj(descriptor_pool, def, cOneofDescriptor);
+}
+
+static VALUE get_servicedef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool,
+                                const upb_ServiceDef* def) {
+  return get_def_obj(descriptor_pool, def, cServiceDescriptor);
+}
+
+static VALUE get_methoddef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool,
+                               const upb_MethodDef* def) {
+  return get_def_obj(descriptor_pool, def, cMethodDescriptor);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Shared functions
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Functions exposed to other modules in defs.h.
+
+VALUE Descriptor_DefToClass(const upb_MessageDef* m) {
+  const upb_DefPool* symtab = upb_FileDef_Pool(upb_MessageDef_File(m));
+  VALUE pool = ObjectCache_Get(symtab);
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT(pool != Qnil);
+  VALUE desc_rb = get_msgdef_obj(pool, m);
+  const Descriptor* desc = ruby_to_Descriptor(desc_rb);
+  return desc->klass;
+}
+
+const upb_MessageDef* Descriptor_GetMsgDef(VALUE desc_rb) {
+  const Descriptor* desc = ruby_to_Descriptor(desc_rb);
+  return desc->msgdef;
+}
+
+VALUE TypeInfo_InitArg(int argc, VALUE* argv, int skip_arg) {
+  if (argc > skip_arg) {
+    if (argc > 1 + skip_arg) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected a maximum of %d arguments.",
+               skip_arg + 1);
+    }
+    return argv[skip_arg];
+  } else {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+TypeInfo TypeInfo_FromClass(int argc, VALUE* argv, int skip_arg,
+                            VALUE* type_class, VALUE* init_arg) {
+  TypeInfo ret = {ruby_to_fieldtype(argv[skip_arg])};
+
+  if (ret.type == kUpb_CType_Message || ret.type == kUpb_CType_Enum) {
+    *init_arg = TypeInfo_InitArg(argc, argv, skip_arg + 2);
+
+    if (argc < 2 + skip_arg) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected at least %d arguments for message/enum.",
+               2 + skip_arg);
+    }
+
+    VALUE klass = argv[1 + skip_arg];
+    VALUE desc = MessageOrEnum_GetDescriptor(klass);
+    *type_class = klass;
+
+    if (desc == Qnil) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
+               "Type class has no descriptor. Please pass a "
+               "class or enum as returned by the DescriptorPool.");
+    }
+
+    if (ret.type == kUpb_CType_Message) {
+      ret.def.msgdef = ruby_to_Descriptor(desc)->msgdef;
+      Message_CheckClass(klass);
+    } else {
+      PBRUBY_ASSERT(ret.type == kUpb_CType_Enum);
+      ret.def.enumdef = ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(desc)->enumdef;
+    }
+  } else {
+    *init_arg = TypeInfo_InitArg(argc, argv, skip_arg + 1);
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void Defs_register(VALUE module) {
+  DescriptorPool_register(module);
+  Descriptor_register(module);
+  FileDescriptor_register(module);
+  FieldDescriptor_register(module);
+  OneofDescriptor_register(module);
+  EnumDescriptor_register(module);
+  ServiceDescriptor_register(module);
+  MethodDescriptor_register(module);
+
+  rb_gc_register_address(&c_only_cookie);
+  c_only_cookie = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, rb_cObject);
+}