google-protobuf 3.22.2-aarch64-linux

data/ext/google/protobuf_c/message.h

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef RUBY_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_H_
+#define RUBY_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_H_
+
+#include <ruby/ruby.h>
+
+#include "protobuf.h"
+#include "ruby-upb.h"
+
+// Gets the underlying upb_Message* and upb_MessageDef for the given Ruby
+// message wrapper. Requires that |value| is indeed a message object.
+const upb_Message* Message_Get(VALUE value, const upb_MessageDef** m);
+
+// Like Message_Get(), but checks that the object is not frozen and returns a
+// mutable pointer.
+upb_Message* Message_GetMutable(VALUE value, const upb_MessageDef** m);
+
+// Returns the Arena object for this message.
+VALUE Message_GetArena(VALUE value);
+
+// Converts |value| into a upb_Message value of the expected upb_MessageDef
+// type, raising an error if this is not possible. Used when assigning |value|
+// to a field of another message, which means the message must be of a
+// particular type.
+//
+// This will perform automatic conversions in some cases (for example, Time ->
+// Google::Protobuf::Timestamp). If any new message is created, it will be
+// created on |arena|, and any existing message will have its arena fused with
+// |arena|.
+const upb_Message* Message_GetUpbMessage(VALUE value, const upb_MessageDef* m,
+                                         const char* name, upb_Arena* arena);
+
+// Gets or constructs a Ruby wrapper object for the given message. The wrapper
+// object will reference |arena| and ensure that it outlives this object.
+VALUE Message_GetRubyWrapper(upb_Message* msg, const upb_MessageDef* m,
+                             VALUE arena);
+
+// Gets the given field from this message.
+VALUE Message_getfield(VALUE _self, const upb_FieldDef* f);
+
+// Implements #inspect for this message, printing the text to |b|.
+void Message_PrintMessage(StringBuilder* b, const upb_Message* msg,
+                          const upb_MessageDef* m);
+
+// Returns a hash value for the given message.
+uint64_t Message_Hash(const upb_Message* msg, const upb_MessageDef* m,
+                      uint64_t seed);
+
+// Returns a deep copy of the given message.
+upb_Message* Message_deep_copy(const upb_Message* msg, const upb_MessageDef* m,
+                               upb_Arena* arena);
+
+// Returns true if these two messages are equal.
+bool Message_Equal(const upb_Message* m1, const upb_Message* m2,
+                   const upb_MessageDef* m);
+
+// Checks that this Ruby object is a message, and raises an exception if not.
+void Message_CheckClass(VALUE klass);
+
+// Returns a new Hash object containing the contents of this message.
+VALUE Scalar_CreateHash(upb_MessageValue val, TypeInfo type_info);
+
+// Creates a message class or enum module for this descriptor, respectively.
+VALUE build_class_from_descriptor(VALUE descriptor);
+VALUE build_module_from_enumdesc(VALUE _enumdesc);
+
+// Returns the Descriptor/EnumDescriptor for the given message class or enum
+// module, respectively. Returns nil if this is not a message class or enum
+// module.
+VALUE MessageOrEnum_GetDescriptor(VALUE klass);
+
+// Call at startup to register all types in this module.
+void Message_register(VALUE protobuf);
+
+#endif  // RUBY_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_H_

data/ext/google/protobuf_c/protobuf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "protobuf.h"
+
+#include <ruby/version.h>
+
+#include "defs.h"
+#include "map.h"
+#include "message.h"
+#include "repeated_field.h"
+
+VALUE cParseError;
+VALUE cTypeError;
+
+const upb_FieldDef *map_field_key(const upb_FieldDef *field) {
+  const upb_MessageDef *entry = upb_FieldDef_MessageSubDef(field);
+  return upb_MessageDef_FindFieldByNumber(entry, 1);
+}
+
+const upb_FieldDef *map_field_value(const upb_FieldDef *field) {
+  const upb_MessageDef *entry = upb_FieldDef_MessageSubDef(field);
+  return upb_MessageDef_FindFieldByNumber(entry, 2);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// StringBuilder, for inspect
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct StringBuilder {
+  size_t size;
+  size_t cap;
+  char *data;
+};
+
+typedef struct StringBuilder StringBuilder;
+
+static size_t StringBuilder_SizeOf(size_t cap) {
+  return sizeof(StringBuilder) + cap;
+}
+
+StringBuilder *StringBuilder_New() {
+  const size_t cap = 128;
+  StringBuilder *builder = malloc(sizeof(*builder));
+  builder->size = 0;
+  builder->cap = cap;
+  builder->data = malloc(builder->cap);
+  return builder;
+}
+
+void StringBuilder_Free(StringBuilder *b) {
+  free(b->data);
+  free(b);
+}
+
+void StringBuilder_Printf(StringBuilder *b, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  size_t have = b->cap - b->size;
+  size_t n;
+  va_list args;
+
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+  n = vsnprintf(&b->data[b->size], have, fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
+
+  if (have <= n) {
+    while (have <= n) {
+      b->cap *= 2;
+      have = b->cap - b->size;
+    }
+    b->data = realloc(b->data, StringBuilder_SizeOf(b->cap));
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    n = vsnprintf(&b->data[b->size], have, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    PBRUBY_ASSERT(n < have);
+  }
+
+  b->size += n;
+}
+
+VALUE StringBuilder_ToRubyString(StringBuilder *b) {
+  VALUE ret = rb_str_new(b->data, b->size);
+  rb_enc_associate(ret, rb_utf8_encoding());
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static void StringBuilder_PrintEnum(StringBuilder *b, int32_t val,
+                                    const upb_EnumDef *e) {
+  const upb_EnumValueDef *ev = upb_EnumDef_FindValueByNumber(e, val);
+  if (ev) {
+    StringBuilder_Printf(b, ":%s", upb_EnumValueDef_Name(ev));
+  } else {
+    StringBuilder_Printf(b, "%" PRId32, val);
+  }
+}
+
+void StringBuilder_PrintMsgval(StringBuilder *b, upb_MessageValue val,
+                               TypeInfo info) {
+  switch (info.type) {
+    case kUpb_CType_Bool:
+      StringBuilder_Printf(b, "%s", val.bool_val ? "true" : "false");
+      break;
+    case kUpb_CType_Float: {
+      VALUE str = rb_inspect(DBL2NUM(val.float_val));
+      StringBuilder_Printf(b, "%s", RSTRING_PTR(str));
+      break;
+    }
+    case kUpb_CType_Double: {
+      VALUE str = rb_inspect(DBL2NUM(val.double_val));
+      StringBuilder_Printf(b, "%s", RSTRING_PTR(str));
+      break;
+    }
+    case kUpb_CType_Int32:
+      StringBuilder_Printf(b, "%" PRId32, val.int32_val);
+      break;
+    case kUpb_CType_UInt32:
+      StringBuilder_Printf(b, "%" PRIu32, val.uint32_val);
+      break;
+    case kUpb_CType_Int64:
+      StringBuilder_Printf(b, "%" PRId64, val.int64_val);
+      break;
+    case kUpb_CType_UInt64:
+      StringBuilder_Printf(b, "%" PRIu64, val.uint64_val);
+      break;
+    case kUpb_CType_String:
+      StringBuilder_Printf(b, "\"%.*s\"", (int)val.str_val.size,
+                           val.str_val.data);
+      break;
+    case kUpb_CType_Bytes:
+      StringBuilder_Printf(b, "\"%.*s\"", (int)val.str_val.size,
+                           val.str_val.data);
+      break;
+    case kUpb_CType_Enum:
+      StringBuilder_PrintEnum(b, val.int32_val, info.def.enumdef);
+      break;
+    case kUpb_CType_Message:
+      Message_PrintMessage(b, val.msg_val, info.def.msgdef);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Arena
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_Arena *arena;
+  VALUE pinned_objs;
+} Arena;
+
+static void Arena_mark(void *data) {
+  Arena *arena = data;
+  rb_gc_mark(arena->pinned_objs);
+}
+
+static void Arena_free(void *data) {
+  Arena *arena = data;
+  upb_Arena_Free(arena->arena);
+  xfree(arena);
+}
+
+static VALUE cArena;
+
+const rb_data_type_t Arena_type = {
+    "Google::Protobuf::Internal::Arena",
+    {Arena_mark, Arena_free, NULL},
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY,
+};
+
+static void* ruby_upb_allocfunc(upb_alloc* alloc, void* ptr, size_t oldsize, size_t size) {
+  if (size == 0) {
+    xfree(ptr);
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    return xrealloc(ptr, size);
+  }
+}
+
+upb_alloc ruby_upb_alloc = {&ruby_upb_allocfunc};
+
+static VALUE Arena_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  Arena *arena = ALLOC(Arena);
+  arena->arena = upb_Arena_Init(NULL, 0, &ruby_upb_alloc);
+  arena->pinned_objs = Qnil;
+  return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &Arena_type, arena);
+}
+
+upb_Arena *Arena_get(VALUE _arena) {
+  Arena *arena;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_arena, Arena, &Arena_type, arena);
+  return arena->arena;
+}
+
+void Arena_fuse(VALUE _arena, upb_Arena *other) {
+  Arena *arena;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_arena, Arena, &Arena_type, arena);
+  if (!upb_Arena_Fuse(arena->arena, other)) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "Unable to fuse arenas. This should never happen since Ruby does "
+             "not use initial blocks");
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE Arena_new() { return Arena_alloc(cArena); }
+
+void Arena_Pin(VALUE _arena, VALUE obj) {
+  Arena *arena;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_arena, Arena, &Arena_type, arena);
+  if (arena->pinned_objs == Qnil) {
+    arena->pinned_objs = rb_ary_new();
+  }
+  rb_ary_push(arena->pinned_objs, obj);
+}
+
+void Arena_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE internal = rb_define_module_under(module, "Internal");
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(internal, "Arena", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, Arena_alloc);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cArena);
+  cArena = klass;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Object Cache
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// A pointer -> Ruby Object cache that keeps references to Ruby wrapper
+// objects.  This allows us to look up any Ruby wrapper object by the address
+// of the object it is wrapping. That way we can avoid ever creating two
+// different wrapper objects for the same C object, which saves memory and
+// preserves object identity.
+//
+// We use WeakMap for the cache. For Ruby <2.7 we also need a secondary Hash
+// to store WeakMap keys because Ruby <2.7 WeakMap doesn't allow non-finalizable
+// keys.
+//
+// We also need the secondary Hash if sizeof(long) < sizeof(VALUE), because this
+// means it may not be possible to fit a pointer into a Fixnum. Keys are
+// pointers, and if they fit into a Fixnum, Ruby doesn't collect them, but if
+// they overflow and require allocating a Bignum, they could get collected
+// prematurely, thus removing the cache entry. This happens on 64-bit Windows,
+// on which pointers are 64 bits but longs are 32 bits. In this case, we enable
+// the secondary Hash to hold the keys and prevent them from being collected.
+
+#if RUBY_API_VERSION_CODE >= 20700 && SIZEOF_LONG >= SIZEOF_VALUE
+#define USE_SECONDARY_MAP 0
+#else
+#define USE_SECONDARY_MAP 1
+#endif
+
+#if USE_SECONDARY_MAP
+
+// Maps Numeric -> Object. The object is then used as a key into the WeakMap.
+// This is needed for Ruby <2.7 where a number cannot be a key to WeakMap.
+// The object is used only for its identity; it does not contain any data.
+VALUE secondary_map = Qnil;
+
+// Mutations to the map are under a mutex, because SeconaryMap_MaybeGC()
+// iterates over the map which cannot happen in parallel with insertions, or
+// Ruby will throw:
+//   can't add a new key into hash during iteration (RuntimeError)
+VALUE secondary_map_mutex = Qnil;
+
+// Lambda that will GC entries from the secondary map that are no longer present
+// in the primary map.
+VALUE gc_secondary_map_lambda = Qnil;
+ID length;
+
+extern VALUE weak_obj_cache;
+
+static void SecondaryMap_Init() {
+  rb_gc_register_address(&secondary_map);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&gc_secondary_map_lambda);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&secondary_map_mutex);
+  secondary_map = rb_hash_new();
+  gc_secondary_map_lambda = rb_eval_string(
+      "->(secondary, weak) {\n"
+      "  secondary.delete_if { |k, v| !weak.key?(v) }\n"
+      "}\n");
+  secondary_map_mutex = rb_mutex_new();
+  length = rb_intern("length");
+}
+
+// The secondary map is a regular Hash, and will never shrink on its own.
+// The main object cache is a WeakMap that will automatically remove entries
+// when the target object is no longer reachable, but unless we manually
+// remove the corresponding entries from the secondary map, it will grow
+// without bound.
+//
+// To avoid this unbounded growth we periodically remove entries from the
+// secondary map that are no longer present in the WeakMap. The logic of
+// how often to perform this GC is an artbirary tuning parameter that
+// represents a straightforward CPU/memory tradeoff.
+//
+// Requires: secondary_map_mutex is held.
+static void SecondaryMap_MaybeGC() {
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT(rb_mutex_locked_p(secondary_map_mutex) == Qtrue);
+  size_t weak_len = NUM2ULL(rb_funcall(weak_obj_cache, length, 0));
+  size_t secondary_len = RHASH_SIZE(secondary_map);
+  if (secondary_len < weak_len) {
+    // Logically this case should not be possible: a valid entry cannot exist in
+    // the weak table unless there is a corresponding entry in the secondary
+    // table. It should *always* be the case that secondary_len >= weak_len.
+    //
+    // However ObjectSpace::WeakMap#length (and therefore weak_len) is
+    // unreliable: it overreports its true length by including non-live objects.
+    // However these non-live objects are not yielded in iteration, so we may
+    // have previously deleted them from the secondary map in a previous
+    // invocation of SecondaryMap_MaybeGC().
+    //
+    // In this case, we can't measure any waste, so we just return.
+    return;
+  }
+  size_t waste = secondary_len - weak_len;
+  // GC if we could remove at least 2000 entries or 20% of the table size
+  // (whichever is greater).  Since the cost of the GC pass is O(N), we
+  // want to make sure that we condition this on overall table size, to
+  // avoid O(N^2) CPU costs.
+  size_t threshold = PBRUBY_MAX(secondary_len * 0.2, 2000);
+  if (waste > threshold) {
+    rb_funcall(gc_secondary_map_lambda, rb_intern("call"), 2, secondary_map,
+               weak_obj_cache);
+  }
+}
+
+// Requires: secondary_map_mutex is held by this thread iff create == true.
+static VALUE SecondaryMap_Get(VALUE key, bool create) {
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT(!create || rb_mutex_locked_p(secondary_map_mutex) == Qtrue);
+  VALUE ret = rb_hash_lookup(secondary_map, key);
+  if (ret == Qnil && create) {
+    SecondaryMap_MaybeGC();
+    ret = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, rb_cObject);
+    rb_hash_aset(secondary_map, key, ret);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+// Requires: secondary_map_mutex is held by this thread iff create == true.
+static VALUE ObjectCache_GetKey(const void *key, bool create) {
+  VALUE key_val = (VALUE)key;
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT((key_val & 3) == 0);
+  VALUE ret = LL2NUM(key_val >> 2);
+#if USE_SECONDARY_MAP
+  ret = SecondaryMap_Get(ret, create);
+#endif
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// Public ObjectCache API.
+
+VALUE weak_obj_cache = Qnil;
+ID item_get;
+ID item_set;
+
+static void ObjectCache_Init() {
+  rb_gc_register_address(&weak_obj_cache);
+  VALUE klass = rb_eval_string("ObjectSpace::WeakMap");
+  weak_obj_cache = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, klass);
+  item_get = rb_intern("[]");
+  item_set = rb_intern("[]=");
+#if USE_SECONDARY_MAP
+  SecondaryMap_Init();
+#endif
+}
+
+void ObjectCache_Add(const void *key, VALUE val) {
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT(ObjectCache_Get(key) == Qnil);
+#if USE_SECONDARY_MAP
+  rb_mutex_lock(secondary_map_mutex);
+#endif
+  VALUE key_rb = ObjectCache_GetKey(key, true);
+  rb_funcall(weak_obj_cache, item_set, 2, key_rb, val);
+#if USE_SECONDARY_MAP
+  rb_mutex_unlock(secondary_map_mutex);
+#endif
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT(ObjectCache_Get(key) == val);
+}
+
+// Returns the cached object for this key, if any. Otherwise returns Qnil.
+VALUE ObjectCache_Get(const void *key) {
+  VALUE key_rb = ObjectCache_GetKey(key, false);
+  return rb_funcall(weak_obj_cache, item_get, 1, key_rb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Google::Protobuf.discard_unknown(msg)
+ *
+ * Discard unknown fields in the given message object and recursively discard
+ * unknown fields in submessages.
+ */
+static VALUE Google_Protobuf_discard_unknown(VALUE self, VALUE msg_rb) {
+  const upb_MessageDef *m;
+  upb_Message *msg = Message_GetMutable(msg_rb, &m);
+  if (!upb_Message_DiscardUnknown(msg, m, 128)) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Messages nested too deeply.");
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Google::Protobuf.deep_copy(obj) => copy_of_obj
+ *
+ * Performs a deep copy of a RepeatedField instance, a Map instance, or a
+ * message object, recursively copying its members.
+ */
+VALUE Google_Protobuf_deep_copy(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
+  VALUE klass = CLASS_OF(obj);
+  if (klass == cRepeatedField) {
+    return RepeatedField_deep_copy(obj);
+  } else if (klass == cMap) {
+    return Map_deep_copy(obj);
+  } else {
+    VALUE new_arena_rb = Arena_new();
+    upb_Arena *new_arena = Arena_get(new_arena_rb);
+    const upb_MessageDef *m;
+    const upb_Message *msg = Message_Get(obj, &m);
+    upb_Message *new_msg = Message_deep_copy(msg, m, new_arena);
+    return Message_GetRubyWrapper(new_msg, m, new_arena_rb);
+  }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Initialization/entry point.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// This must be named "Init_protobuf_c" because the Ruby module is named
+// "protobuf_c" -- the VM looks for this symbol in our .so.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) void Init_protobuf_c() {
+  ObjectCache_Init();
+
+  VALUE google = rb_define_module("Google");
+  VALUE protobuf = rb_define_module_under(google, "Protobuf");
+
+  Arena_register(protobuf);
+  Defs_register(protobuf);
+  RepeatedField_register(protobuf);
+  Map_register(protobuf);
+  Message_register(protobuf);
+
+  cParseError = rb_const_get(protobuf, rb_intern("ParseError"));
+  rb_gc_register_mark_object(cParseError);
+  cTypeError = rb_const_get(protobuf, rb_intern("TypeError"));
+  rb_gc_register_mark_object(cTypeError);
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(protobuf, "discard_unknown",
+                             Google_Protobuf_discard_unknown, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(protobuf, "deep_copy", Google_Protobuf_deep_copy,
+                             1);
+}