google-protobuf 3.21.0 → 4.28.0

data/ext/google/protobuf_c/message.h

@@ -1,38 +1,13 @@
 // Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
 // Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
-// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
 //
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
+// https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd
 
 #ifndef RUBY_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_H_
 #define RUBY_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_H_
 
-#include <ruby/ruby.h>
-
 #include "protobuf.h"
 #include "ruby-upb.h"
 
@@ -61,7 +36,7 @@ const upb_Message* Message_GetUpbMessage(VALUE value, const upb_MessageDef* m,
 
 // Gets or constructs a Ruby wrapper object for the given message. The wrapper
 // object will reference |arena| and ensure that it outlives this object.
-VALUE Message_GetRubyWrapper(upb_Message* msg, const upb_MessageDef* m,
+VALUE Message_GetRubyWrapper(const upb_Message* msg, const upb_MessageDef* m,
                              VALUE arena);
 
 // Gets the given field from this message.
@@ -79,10 +54,6 @@ uint64_t Message_Hash(const upb_Message* msg, const upb_MessageDef* m,
 upb_Message* Message_deep_copy(const upb_Message* msg, const upb_MessageDef* m,
                                upb_Arena* arena);
 
-// Returns true if these two messages are equal.
-bool Message_Equal(const upb_Message* m1, const upb_Message* m2,
-                   const upb_MessageDef* m);
-
 // Checks that this Ruby object is a message, and raises an exception if not.
 void Message_CheckClass(VALUE klass);
 
@@ -98,6 +69,13 @@ VALUE build_module_from_enumdesc(VALUE _enumdesc);
 // module.
 VALUE MessageOrEnum_GetDescriptor(VALUE klass);
 
+// Decodes a Message from a byte sequence.
+VALUE Message_decode_bytes(int size, const char* bytes, int options,
+                           VALUE klass, bool freeze);
+
+// Recursively freeze message
+VALUE Message_freeze(VALUE _self);
+
 // Call at startup to register all types in this module.
 void Message_register(VALUE protobuf);
 

data/ext/google/protobuf_c/protobuf.c

@@ -1,32 +1,9 @@
 // Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
 // Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
-// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
 //
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
+// https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd
 
 #include "protobuf.h"
 
@@ -171,6 +148,8 @@ void StringBuilder_PrintMsgval(StringBuilder *b, upb_MessageValue val,
 
 typedef struct {
   upb_Arena *arena;
+  // IMPORTANT: WB_PROTECTED objects must only use the RB_OBJ_WRITE()
+  // macro to update VALUE references, as to trigger write barriers.
   VALUE pinned_objs;
 } Arena;
 
@@ -185,15 +164,28 @@ static void Arena_free(void *data) {
   xfree(arena);
 }
 
+static size_t Arena_memsize(const void *data) {
+  const Arena *arena = data;
+  size_t fused_count;
+  size_t memsize = upb_Arena_SpaceAllocated(arena->arena, &fused_count);
+  if (fused_count > 1) {
+    // If other arena were fused we attribute an equal
+    // share of memory usage to each one.
+    memsize /= fused_count;
+  }
+  return memsize + sizeof(Arena);
+}
+
 static VALUE cArena;
 
 const rb_data_type_t Arena_type = {
     "Google::Protobuf::Internal::Arena",
-    {Arena_mark, Arena_free, NULL},
-    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY,
+    {Arena_mark, Arena_free, Arena_memsize},
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
 };
 
-static void* ruby_upb_allocfunc(upb_alloc* alloc, void* ptr, size_t oldsize, size_t size) {
+static void *ruby_upb_allocfunc(upb_alloc *alloc, void *ptr, size_t oldsize,
+                                size_t size) {
   if (size == 0) {
     xfree(ptr);
     return NULL;
@@ -229,15 +221,6 @@ void Arena_fuse(VALUE _arena, upb_Arena *other) {
 
 VALUE Arena_new() { return Arena_alloc(cArena); }
 
-void Arena_Pin(VALUE _arena, VALUE obj) {
-  Arena *arena;
-  TypedData_Get_Struct(_arena, Arena, &Arena_type, arena);
-  if (arena->pinned_objs == Qnil) {
-    arena->pinned_objs = rb_ary_new();
-  }
-  rb_ary_push(arena->pinned_objs, obj);
-}
-
 void Arena_register(VALUE module) {
   VALUE internal = rb_define_module_under(module, "Internal");
   VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(internal, "Arena", rb_cObject);
@@ -250,164 +233,49 @@ void Arena_register(VALUE module) {
 // Object Cache
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-// A pointer -> Ruby Object cache that keeps references to Ruby wrapper
-// objects.  This allows us to look up any Ruby wrapper object by the address
-// of the object it is wrapping. That way we can avoid ever creating two
-// different wrapper objects for the same C object, which saves memory and
-// preserves object identity.
-//
-// We use WeakMap for the cache. For Ruby <2.7 we also need a secondary Hash
-// to store WeakMap keys because Ruby <2.7 WeakMap doesn't allow non-finalizable
-// keys.
-//
-// We also need the secondary Hash if sizeof(long) < sizeof(VALUE), because this
-// means it may not be possible to fit a pointer into a Fixnum. Keys are
-// pointers, and if they fit into a Fixnum, Ruby doesn't collect them, but if
-// they overflow and require allocating a Bignum, they could get collected
-// prematurely, thus removing the cache entry. This happens on 64-bit Windows,
-// on which pointers are 64 bits but longs are 32 bits. In this case, we enable
-// the secondary Hash to hold the keys and prevent them from being collected.
-
-#if RUBY_API_VERSION_CODE >= 20700 && SIZEOF_LONG >= SIZEOF_VALUE
-#define USE_SECONDARY_MAP 0
-#else
-#define USE_SECONDARY_MAP 1
-#endif
-
-#if USE_SECONDARY_MAP
-
-// Maps Numeric -> Object. The object is then used as a key into the WeakMap.
-// This is needed for Ruby <2.7 where a number cannot be a key to WeakMap.
-// The object is used only for its identity; it does not contain any data.
-VALUE secondary_map = Qnil;
-
-// Mutations to the map are under a mutex, because SeconaryMap_MaybeGC()
-// iterates over the map which cannot happen in parallel with insertions, or
-// Ruby will throw:
-//   can't add a new key into hash during iteration (RuntimeError)
-VALUE secondary_map_mutex = Qnil;
-
-// Lambda that will GC entries from the secondary map that are no longer present
-// in the primary map.
-VALUE gc_secondary_map_lambda = Qnil;
-ID length;
-
-extern VALUE weak_obj_cache;
-
-static void SecondaryMap_Init() {
-  rb_gc_register_address(&secondary_map);
-  rb_gc_register_address(&gc_secondary_map_lambda);
-  rb_gc_register_address(&secondary_map_mutex);
-  secondary_map = rb_hash_new();
-  gc_secondary_map_lambda = rb_eval_string(
-      "->(secondary, weak) {\n"
-      "  secondary.delete_if { |k, v| !weak.key?(v) }\n"
-      "}\n");
-  secondary_map_mutex = rb_mutex_new();
-  length = rb_intern("length");
-}
-
-// The secondary map is a regular Hash, and will never shrink on its own.
-// The main object cache is a WeakMap that will automatically remove entries
-// when the target object is no longer reachable, but unless we manually
-// remove the corresponding entries from the secondary map, it will grow
-// without bound.
-//
-// To avoid this unbounded growth we periodically remove entries from the
-// secondary map that are no longer present in the WeakMap. The logic of
-// how often to perform this GC is an artbirary tuning parameter that
-// represents a straightforward CPU/memory tradeoff.
-//
-// Requires: secondary_map_mutex is held.
-static void SecondaryMap_MaybeGC() {
-  PBRUBY_ASSERT(rb_mutex_locked_p(secondary_map_mutex) == Qtrue);
-  size_t weak_len = NUM2ULL(rb_funcall(weak_obj_cache, length, 0));
-  size_t secondary_len = RHASH_SIZE(secondary_map);
-  if (secondary_len < weak_len) {
-    // Logically this case should not be possible: a valid entry cannot exist in
-    // the weak table unless there is a corresponding entry in the secondary
-    // table. It should *always* be the case that secondary_len >= weak_len.
-    //
-    // However ObjectSpace::WeakMap#length (and therefore weak_len) is
-    // unreliable: it overreports its true length by including non-live objects.
-    // However these non-live objects are not yielded in iteration, so we may
-    // have previously deleted them from the secondary map in a previous
-    // invocation of SecondaryMap_MaybeGC().
-    //
-    // In this case, we can't measure any waste, so we just return.
-    return;
-  }
-  size_t waste = secondary_len - weak_len;
-  // GC if we could remove at least 2000 entries or 20% of the table size
-  // (whichever is greater).  Since the cost of the GC pass is O(N), we
-  // want to make sure that we condition this on overall table size, to
-  // avoid O(N^2) CPU costs.
-  size_t threshold = PBRUBY_MAX(secondary_len * 0.2, 2000);
-  if (waste > threshold) {
-    rb_funcall(gc_secondary_map_lambda, rb_intern("call"), 2, secondary_map,
-               weak_obj_cache);
-  }
-}
-
-// Requires: secondary_map_mutex is held by this thread iff create == true.
-static VALUE SecondaryMap_Get(VALUE key, bool create) {
-  PBRUBY_ASSERT(!create || rb_mutex_locked_p(secondary_map_mutex) == Qtrue);
-  VALUE ret = rb_hash_lookup(secondary_map, key);
-  if (ret == Qnil && create) {
-    SecondaryMap_MaybeGC();
-    ret = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, rb_cObject);
-    rb_hash_aset(secondary_map, key, ret);
-  }
-  return ret;
-}
-
-#endif
-
-// Requires: secondary_map_mutex is held by this thread iff create == true.
-static VALUE ObjectCache_GetKey(const void *key, bool create) {
-  VALUE key_val = (VALUE)key;
-  PBRUBY_ASSERT((key_val & 3) == 0);
-  VALUE ret = LL2NUM(key_val >> 2);
-#if USE_SECONDARY_MAP
-  ret = SecondaryMap_Get(ret, create);
-#endif
-  return ret;
-}
-
 // Public ObjectCache API.
 
 VALUE weak_obj_cache = Qnil;
 ID item_get;
-ID item_set;
+ID item_try_add;
+
+static void ObjectCache_Init(VALUE protobuf) {
+  item_get = rb_intern("get");
+  item_try_add = rb_intern("try_add");
 
-static void ObjectCache_Init() {
   rb_gc_register_address(&weak_obj_cache);
-  VALUE klass = rb_eval_string("ObjectSpace::WeakMap");
-  weak_obj_cache = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, klass);
-  item_get = rb_intern("[]");
-  item_set = rb_intern("[]=");
-#if USE_SECONDARY_MAP
-  SecondaryMap_Init();
+  VALUE internal = rb_const_get(protobuf, rb_intern("Internal"));
+#if SIZEOF_LONG >= SIZEOF_VALUE
+  VALUE cache_class = rb_const_get(internal, rb_intern("ObjectCache"));
+#else
+  VALUE cache_class = rb_const_get(internal, rb_intern("LegacyObjectCache"));
 #endif
+
+  weak_obj_cache = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, cache_class);
+  rb_const_set(internal, rb_intern("OBJECT_CACHE"), weak_obj_cache);
+  rb_const_set(internal, rb_intern("SIZEOF_LONG"), INT2NUM(SIZEOF_LONG));
+  rb_const_set(internal, rb_intern("SIZEOF_VALUE"), INT2NUM(SIZEOF_VALUE));
 }
 
-void ObjectCache_Add(const void *key, VALUE val) {
-  PBRUBY_ASSERT(ObjectCache_Get(key) == Qnil);
-#if USE_SECONDARY_MAP
-  rb_mutex_lock(secondary_map_mutex);
-#endif
-  VALUE key_rb = ObjectCache_GetKey(key, true);
-  rb_funcall(weak_obj_cache, item_set, 2, key_rb, val);
-#if USE_SECONDARY_MAP
-  rb_mutex_unlock(secondary_map_mutex);
-#endif
-  PBRUBY_ASSERT(ObjectCache_Get(key) == val);
+static VALUE ObjectCache_GetKey(const void *key) {
+  VALUE key_val = (VALUE)key;
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT((key_val & 3) == 0);
+  // Ensure the key can be stored as a Fixnum since 1 bit is needed for
+  // FIXNUM_FLAG and 1 bit is needed for the sign bit.
+  VALUE new_key = LL2NUM(key_val >> 2);
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT(FIXNUM_P(new_key));
+  return new_key;
+}
+
+VALUE ObjectCache_TryAdd(const void *key, VALUE val) {
+  VALUE key_val = ObjectCache_GetKey(key);
+  return rb_funcall(weak_obj_cache, item_try_add, 2, key_val, val);
 }
 
 // Returns the cached object for this key, if any. Otherwise returns Qnil.
 VALUE ObjectCache_Get(const void *key) {
-  VALUE key_rb = ObjectCache_GetKey(key, false);
-  return rb_funcall(weak_obj_cache, item_get, 1, key_rb);
+  VALUE key_val = ObjectCache_GetKey(key);
+  return rb_funcall(weak_obj_cache, item_get, 1, key_val);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -457,11 +325,10 @@ VALUE Google_Protobuf_deep_copy(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
 // This must be named "Init_protobuf_c" because the Ruby module is named
 // "protobuf_c" -- the VM looks for this symbol in our .so.
 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) void Init_protobuf_c() {
-  ObjectCache_Init();
-
   VALUE google = rb_define_module("Google");
   VALUE protobuf = rb_define_module_under(google, "Protobuf");
 
+  ObjectCache_Init(protobuf);
   Arena_register(protobuf);
   Defs_register(protobuf);
   RepeatedField_register(protobuf);
@@ -478,3 +345,14 @@ __attribute__((visibility("default"))) void Init_protobuf_c() {
   rb_define_singleton_method(protobuf, "deep_copy", Google_Protobuf_deep_copy,
                              1);
 }
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Utilities
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Raises a Ruby error if val is frozen in Ruby or UPB.
+void Protobuf_CheckNotFrozen(VALUE val, bool upb_frozen) {
+  if (RB_UNLIKELY(rb_obj_frozen_p(val)||upb_frozen)) {
+    rb_error_frozen_object(val);
+  }
+}

data/ext/google/protobuf_c/protobuf.h

@@ -1,38 +1,29 @@
 // Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
 // Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
-// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
 //
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
+// https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd
 
 #ifndef __GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUBY_PROTOBUF_H__
 #define __GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUBY_PROTOBUF_H__
 
+// Ruby 3+ defines NDEBUG itself, see: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18777
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#include <ruby.h>
+#else
+#include <ruby.h>
+#undef NDEBUG
+#endif
+
+#include <ruby/version.h>
+
+#if RUBY_API_VERSION_CODE < 20700
+#error Protobuf requires Ruby >= 2.7
+#endif
+
+#include <assert.h>  // Must be included after the NDEBUG logic above.
 #include <ruby/encoding.h>
-#include <ruby/ruby.h>
 #include <ruby/vm.h>
 
 #include "defs.h"
@@ -59,13 +50,6 @@ upb_Arena* Arena_get(VALUE arena);
 // possible.
 void Arena_fuse(VALUE arena, upb_Arena* other);
 
-// Pins this Ruby object to the lifetime of this arena, so that as long as the
-// arena is alive this object will not be collected.
-//
-// We use this to guarantee that the "frozen" bit on the object will be
-// remembered, even if the user drops their reference to this precise object.
-void Arena_Pin(VALUE arena, VALUE obj);
-
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // ObjectCache
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -76,10 +60,9 @@ void Arena_Pin(VALUE arena, VALUE obj);
 // being collected (though in Ruby <2.7 is it effectively strong, due to
 // implementation limitations).
 
-// Adds an entry to the cache. The "arena" parameter must give the arena that
-// "key" was allocated from.  In Ruby <2.7.0, it will be used to remove the key
-// from the cache when the arena is destroyed.
-void ObjectCache_Add(const void* key, VALUE val);
+// Tries to add a new entry to the cache, returning the newly installed value or
+// the pre-existing entry.
+VALUE ObjectCache_TryAdd(const void* key, VALUE val);
 
 // Returns the cached object for this key, if any. Otherwise returns Qnil.
 VALUE ObjectCache_Get(const void* key);
@@ -110,9 +93,14 @@ extern VALUE cTypeError;
   do {                      \
   } while (false && (expr))
 #else
-#define PBRUBY_ASSERT(expr) assert(expr)
+#define PBRUBY_ASSERT(expr) \
+  if (!(expr))              \
+  rb_bug("Assertion failed at %s:%d, expr: %s", __FILE__, __LINE__, #expr)
 #endif
 
+// Raises a Ruby error if val is frozen in Ruby or upb_frozen is true.
+void Protobuf_CheckNotFrozen(VALUE val, bool upb_frozen);
+
 #define PBRUBY_MAX(x, y) (((x) > (y)) ? (x) : (y))
 
 #define UPB_UNUSED(var) (void)var

data/ext/google/protobuf_c/repeated_field.c

@@ -1,32 +1,9 @@
 // Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
 // Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
-// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
 //
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
+// https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd
 
 #include "repeated_field.h"
 
@@ -67,8 +44,9 @@ static RepeatedField* ruby_to_RepeatedField(VALUE _self) {
 }
 
 static upb_Array* RepeatedField_GetMutable(VALUE _self) {
-  rb_check_frozen(_self);
-  return (upb_Array*)ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self)->array;
+  const upb_Array* array = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self)->array;
+  Protobuf_CheckNotFrozen(_self, upb_Array_IsFrozen(array));
+  return (upb_Array*)array;
 }
 
 VALUE RepeatedField_alloc(VALUE klass) {
@@ -79,15 +57,37 @@ VALUE RepeatedField_alloc(VALUE klass) {
   return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &RepeatedField_type, self);
 }
 
-VALUE RepeatedField_GetRubyWrapper(upb_Array* array, TypeInfo type_info,
+VALUE RepeatedField_EmptyFrozen(const upb_FieldDef* f) {
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT(upb_FieldDef_IsRepeated(f));
+  VALUE val = ObjectCache_Get(f);
+
+  if (val == Qnil) {
+    val = RepeatedField_alloc(cRepeatedField);
+    RepeatedField* self;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(val, RepeatedField, &RepeatedField_type, self);
+    self->arena = Arena_new();
+    TypeInfo type_info = TypeInfo_get(f);
+    self->array = upb_Array_New(Arena_get(self->arena), type_info.type);
+    self->type_info = type_info;
+    if (self->type_info.type == kUpb_CType_Message) {
+      self->type_class = Descriptor_DefToClass(type_info.def.msgdef);
+    }
+    val = ObjectCache_TryAdd(f, RepeatedField_freeze(val));
+  }
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT(RB_OBJ_FROZEN(val));
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT(upb_Array_IsFrozen(ruby_to_RepeatedField(val)->array));
+  return val;
+}
+
+VALUE RepeatedField_GetRubyWrapper(const upb_Array* array, TypeInfo type_info,
                                    VALUE arena) {
   PBRUBY_ASSERT(array);
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT(arena != Qnil);
   VALUE val = ObjectCache_Get(array);
 
   if (val == Qnil) {
     val = RepeatedField_alloc(cRepeatedField);
     RepeatedField* self;
-    ObjectCache_Add(array, val);
     TypedData_Get_Struct(val, RepeatedField, &RepeatedField_type, self);
     self->array = array;
     self->arena = arena;
@@ -95,11 +95,13 @@ VALUE RepeatedField_GetRubyWrapper(upb_Array* array, TypeInfo type_info,
     if (self->type_info.type == kUpb_CType_Message) {
       self->type_class = Descriptor_DefToClass(type_info.def.msgdef);
     }
+    val = ObjectCache_TryAdd(array, val);
   }
 
   PBRUBY_ASSERT(ruby_to_RepeatedField(val)->type_info.type == type_info.type);
   PBRUBY_ASSERT(ruby_to_RepeatedField(val)->type_info.def.msgdef ==
                 type_info.def.msgdef);
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT(ruby_to_RepeatedField(val)->array == array);
   return val;
 }
 
@@ -284,7 +286,7 @@ static VALUE RepeatedField_index_set(VALUE _self, VALUE _index, VALUE val) {
     memset(&fill, 0, sizeof(fill));
     for (int i = size; i < index; i++) {
       // Fill default values.
-      // TODO(haberman): should this happen at the upb level?
+      // TODO: should this happen at the upb level?
       upb_Array_Set(array, i, fill);
     }
   }
@@ -492,19 +494,49 @@ VALUE RepeatedField_eq(VALUE _self, VALUE _other) {
   return Qtrue;
 }
 
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     RepeatedField.frozen? => bool
+ *
+ * Returns true if the repeated field is frozen in either Ruby or the underlying
+ * representation. Freezes the Ruby repeated field object if it is not already
+ * frozen in Ruby but it is frozen in the underlying representation.
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_frozen(VALUE _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  if (!upb_Array_IsFrozen(self->array)) {
+    PBRUBY_ASSERT(!RB_OBJ_FROZEN(_self));
+    return Qfalse;
+  }
+
+  // Lazily freeze the Ruby wrapper.
+  if (!RB_OBJ_FROZEN(_self)) RB_OBJ_FREEZE(_self);
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *     RepeatedField.freeze => self
  *
- * Freezes the repeated field. We have to intercept this so we can pin the Ruby
- * object into memory so we don't forget it's frozen.
+ * Freezes the repeated field object. We have to intercept this so we can freeze
+ * the underlying representation, not just the Ruby wrapper.
  */
-static VALUE RepeatedField_freeze(VALUE _self) {
+VALUE RepeatedField_freeze(VALUE _self) {
   RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
-  if (!RB_OBJ_FROZEN(_self)) {
-    Arena_Pin(self->arena, _self);
-    RB_OBJ_FREEZE(_self);
+  if (RB_OBJ_FROZEN(_self)) {
+    PBRUBY_ASSERT(upb_Array_IsFrozen(self->array));
+    return _self;
+  }
+
+  if (!upb_Array_IsFrozen(self->array)) {
+    if (self->type_info.type == kUpb_CType_Message) {
+      upb_Array_Freeze(RepeatedField_GetMutable(_self),
+                       upb_MessageDef_MiniTable(self->type_info.def.msgdef));
+    } else {
+      upb_Array_Freeze(RepeatedField_GetMutable(_self), NULL);
+    }
   }
+  RB_OBJ_FREEZE(_self);
   return _self;
 }
 
@@ -613,7 +645,8 @@ VALUE RepeatedField_init(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self) {
 
   self->type_info = TypeInfo_FromClass(argc, argv, 0, &self->type_class, &ary);
   self->array = upb_Array_New(arena, self->type_info.type);
-  ObjectCache_Add(self->array, _self);
+  VALUE stored_val = ObjectCache_TryAdd(self->array, _self);
+  PBRUBY_ASSERT(stored_val == _self);
 
   if (ary != Qnil) {
     if (!RB_TYPE_P(ary, T_ARRAY)) {
@@ -650,6 +683,7 @@ void RepeatedField_register(VALUE module) {
   rb_define_method(klass, "==", RepeatedField_eq, 1);
   rb_define_method(klass, "to_ary", RepeatedField_to_ary, 0);
   rb_define_method(klass, "freeze", RepeatedField_freeze, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "frozen?", RepeatedField_frozen, 0);
   rb_define_method(klass, "hash", RepeatedField_hash, 0);
   rb_define_method(klass, "+", RepeatedField_plus, 1);
   rb_define_method(klass, "concat", RepeatedField_concat, 1);