google-protobuf 3.20.0 → 4.34.1

data/lib/google/protobuf/wrappers_pb.rb

@@ -1,39 +1,14 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 # Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
 # source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
 
 require 'google/protobuf'
 
-Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.build do
-  add_file("google/protobuf/wrappers.proto", :syntax => :proto3) do
-    add_message "google.protobuf.DoubleValue" do
-      optional :value, :double, 1
-    end
-    add_message "google.protobuf.FloatValue" do
-      optional :value, :float, 1
-    end
-    add_message "google.protobuf.Int64Value" do
-      optional :value, :int64, 1
-    end
-    add_message "google.protobuf.UInt64Value" do
-      optional :value, :uint64, 1
-    end
-    add_message "google.protobuf.Int32Value" do
-      optional :value, :int32, 1
-    end
-    add_message "google.protobuf.UInt32Value" do
-      optional :value, :uint32, 1
-    end
-    add_message "google.protobuf.BoolValue" do
-      optional :value, :bool, 1
-    end
-    add_message "google.protobuf.StringValue" do
-      optional :value, :string, 1
-    end
-    add_message "google.protobuf.BytesValue" do
-      optional :value, :bytes, 1
-    end
-  end
-end
+
+descriptor_data = "\n\x1egoogle/protobuf/wrappers.proto\x12\x0fgoogle.protobuf\"\x1c\n\x0b\x44oubleValue\x12\r\n\x05value\x18\x01 \x01(\x01\"\x1b\n\nFloatValue\x12\r\n\x05value\x18\x01 \x01(\x02\"\x1b\n\nInt64Value\x12\r\n\x05value\x18\x01 \x01(\x03\"\x1c\n\x0bUInt64Value\x12\r\n\x05value\x18\x01 \x01(\x04\"\x1b\n\nInt32Value\x12\r\n\x05value\x18\x01 \x01(\x05\"\x1c\n\x0bUInt32Value\x12\r\n\x05value\x18\x01 \x01(\r\"\x1a\n\tBoolValue\x12\r\n\x05value\x18\x01 \x01(\x08\"\x1c\n\x0bStringValue\x12\r\n\x05value\x18\x01 \x01(\t\"\x1b\n\nBytesValue\x12\r\n\x05value\x18\x01 \x01(\x0c\x42\x83\x01\n\x13\x63om.google.protobufB\rWrappersProtoP\x01Z1google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/wrapperspb\xf8\x01\x01\xa2\x02\x03GPB\xaa\x02\x1eGoogle.Protobuf.WellKnownTypesb\x06proto3"
+
+pool = ::Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool
+pool.add_serialized_file(descriptor_data)
 
 module Google
   module Protobuf

data/lib/google/protobuf.rb

@@ -1,35 +1,13 @@
 # Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
 # Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
-# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
 #
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+# license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
+# https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd
 
 # require mixins before we hook them into the java & c code
 require 'google/protobuf/message_exts'
+require 'google/protobuf/internal/object_cache'
 
 # We define these before requiring the platform-specific modules.
 # That way the module init can grab references to these.
@@ -38,26 +16,16 @@ module Google
     class Error < StandardError; end
     class ParseError < Error; end
     class TypeError < ::TypeError; end
-  end
-end
-
-if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
-  require 'json'
-  require 'google/protobuf_java'
-else
-  begin
-    require "google/#{RUBY_VERSION.sub(/\.\d+$/, '')}/protobuf_c"
-  rescue LoadError
-    require 'google/protobuf_c'
-  end
 
-end
-
-require 'google/protobuf/descriptor_dsl'
-require 'google/protobuf/repeated_field'
-
-module Google
-  module Protobuf
+    PREFER_FFI = case ENV['PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_RUBY_IMPLEMENTATION']
+                 when nil, "", /^native$/i
+                   false
+                 when /^ffi$/i
+                   true
+                 else
+                   warn "Unexpected value `#{ENV['PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_RUBY_IMPLEMENTATION']}` for environment variable `PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_RUBY_IMPLEMENTATION`. Should be either \"FFI\", \"NATIVE\"."
+                   false
+                 end
 
     def self.encode(msg, options = {})
       msg.to_proto(options)
@@ -75,5 +43,19 @@ module Google
       klass.decode_json(json, options)
     end
 
+    IMPLEMENTATION = if PREFER_FFI
+      begin
+        require 'google/protobuf_ffi'
+        :FFI
+      rescue LoadError
+        warn "Caught exception `#{$!.message}` while loading FFI implementation of google/protobuf."
+        warn "Falling back to native implementation."
+        require 'google/protobuf_native'
+        :NATIVE
+      end
+    else
+      require 'google/protobuf_native'
+      :NATIVE
+    end
   end
 end

data/lib/google/protobuf_ffi.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2023 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+# license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
+# https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd
+
+require 'ffi-compiler/loader'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/ffi'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/internal/type_safety'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/internal/pointer_helper'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/internal/arena'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/internal/convert'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/descriptor'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/enum_descriptor'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/field_descriptor'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/oneof_descriptor'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/method_descriptor'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/service_descriptor'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/file_descriptor'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/descriptor_pool'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/map'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/object_cache'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/repeated_field'
+require 'google/protobuf/ffi/message'
+
+module Google
+  module Protobuf
+    def self.deep_copy(object)
+      case object
+      when RepeatedField
+        RepeatedField.send(:deep_copy, object)
+      when Google::Protobuf::Map
+        Google::Protobuf::Map.deep_copy(object)
+      when Google::Protobuf::MessageExts
+        object.class.send(:deep_copy, object.instance_variable_get(:@msg))
+      else
+        raise NotImplementedError
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.discard_unknown(message)
+      raise FrozenError if message.frozen?
+      raise ArgumentError.new "Expected message, got #{message.class} instead." if message.instance_variable_get(:@msg).nil?
+      pool_def = message.class.descriptor.instance_variable_get(:@descriptor_pool).descriptor_pool
+      unless Google::Protobuf::FFI.message_discard_unknown(message.instance_variable_get(:@msg), message.class.descriptor, pool_def, 128)
+        raise RuntimeError.new "Messages nested too deeply."
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/google/protobuf_native.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2023 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+# license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
+# https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd
+
+if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+  require 'json'
+  require 'google/protobuf_java'
+else
+  begin
+    require "google/#{RUBY_VERSION.sub(/\.\d+$/, '')}/protobuf_c"
+  rescue LoadError
+    require 'google/protobuf_c'
+  end
+end
+
+require 'google/protobuf/repeated_field'

data/lib/google/tasks/ffi.rake

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+# # @param task [FFI::Compiler::CompileTask] task to configure
+def configure_common_compile_task(task)
+  if FileUtils.pwd.include? 'ext'
+    src_dir = '.'
+    third_party_path = 'third_party/utf8_range'
+  else
+    src_dir = 'ext/google/protobuf_c'
+    third_party_path = 'ext/google/protobuf_c/third_party/utf8_range'
+  end
+
+  task.add_include_path third_party_path
+  task.add_define 'NDEBUG'
+  task.cflags << "-std=gnu99 -O3"
+  [
+    :convert, :defs, :map, :message, :protobuf, :repeated_field
+  ].each { |file| task.exclude << "/#{file}.c" }
+  task.ext_dir = src_dir
+  task.source_dirs = [src_dir]
+  if RbConfig::CONFIG['target_os'] =~ /darwin|linux/
+    task.cflags << "-Wall -Wsign-compare -Wno-declaration-after-statement"
+  end
+end
+
+# FFI::CompilerTask's constructor walks the filesystem at task definition time
+# to create subtasks for each source file, so files from third_party must be
+# copied into place before the task is defined for it to work correctly.
+# TODO Is there a sane way to check for generated protos under lib too?
+def with_generated_files
+  expected_path = FileUtils.pwd.include?('ext') ? 'third_party/utf8_range' : 'ext/google/protobuf_c/third_party/utf8_range'
+  if File.directory?(expected_path)
+    yield
+  else
+    task :default do
+      # It is possible, especially in cases like the first invocation of
+      # `rake test` following `rake clean` or a fresh checkout that the
+      # `copy_third_party` task has been executed since initial task definition.
+      # If so, run the task definition block now and invoke it explicitly.
+      if File.directory?(expected_path)
+        yield
+        Rake::Task[:default].invoke
+      else
+        raise "Missing directory #{File.absolute_path(expected_path)}." +
+                " Did you forget to run `rake copy_third_party` before building" +
+                " native extensions?"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+begin
+  require "ffi-compiler/compile_task"
+
+  desc "Compile Protobuf library for FFI"
+  namespace "ffi-protobuf" do
+    with_generated_files do
+      # Compile Ruby UPB separately in order to limit use of -DUPB_BUILD_API to one
+      # compilation unit.
+      desc "Compile UPB library for FFI"
+      namespace "ffi-upb" do
+        with_generated_files do
+          FFI::Compiler::CompileTask.new('ruby-upb') do |c|
+            configure_common_compile_task c
+            c.add_define "UPB_BUILD_API"
+            c.exclude << "/glue.c"
+            c.exclude << "/shared_message.c"
+            c.exclude << "/shared_convert.c"
+            if RbConfig::CONFIG['target_os'] =~ /darwin|linux/
+              c.cflags << "-fvisibility=hidden"
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      FFI::Compiler::CompileTask.new 'protobuf_c_ffi' do |c|
+        configure_common_compile_task c
+        # Ruby UPB was already compiled with different flags.
+        c.exclude << "/utf8_range.c"
+        c.exclude << "/ruby-upb.c"
+      end
+
+      # Setup dependencies so that the .o files generated by building ffi-upb are
+      # available to link here.
+      # TODO Can this be simplified? Can the single shared library be used
+      # instead of the object files?
+      protobuf_c_task = Rake::Task[:default]
+      protobuf_c_shared_lib_task = Rake::Task[protobuf_c_task.prereqs.last]
+      ruby_upb_shared_lib_task = Rake::Task[:"ffi-upb:default"].prereqs.first
+      Rake::Task[ruby_upb_shared_lib_task].prereqs.each do |dependency|
+        protobuf_c_shared_lib_task.prereqs.prepend dependency
+      end
+    end
+  end
+rescue LoadError
+  desc "Compile Protobuf library for FFI"
+  namespace "ffi-protobuf" do
+    task :default do
+      warn "Skipping build of FFI; `gem install ffi-compiler` to enable."
+    end
+  end
+end

metadata

@@ -1,75 +1,128 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: google-protobuf
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 3.20.0
+  version: 4.34.1
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Protobuf Authors
 autorequire: 
 bindir: bin
 cert_chain: []
-date: 2022-04-01 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+date: 2026-03-19 00:00:00.000000000 Z
 dependencies:
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
-  name: rake-compiler-dock
+  name: bigdecimal
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
-    - - '='
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+  type: :runtime
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: 1.2.1
+        version: '0'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: rake
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '13.3'
+  type: :runtime
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '13.3'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: ffi
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '1'
   type: :development
   prerelease: false
   version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
-    - - '='
+    - - "~>"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: 1.2.1
+        version: '1'
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
-  name: rake-compiler
+  name: ffi-compiler
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: 1.1.0
+        version: '1'
   type: :development
   prerelease: false
   version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: 1.1.0
+        version: '1'
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
-  name: test-unit
+  name: rake-compiler
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '3.0'
-    - - ">="
+        version: '1.3'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '1.3'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: rake-compiler-dock
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: 3.0.9
+        version: '1.11'
   type: :development
   prerelease: false
   version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '3.0'
-    - - ">="
+        version: '1.11'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: test-unit
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '3.7'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: 3.0.9
+        version: '3.7'
 description: Protocol Buffers are Google's data interchange format.
 email: protobuf@googlegroups.com
 executables: []
 extensions:
 - ext/google/protobuf_c/extconf.rb
+- ext/google/protobuf_c/Rakefile
 extra_rdoc_files: []
 files:
+- ext/google/protobuf_c/Rakefile
 - ext/google/protobuf_c/convert.c
 - ext/google/protobuf_c/convert.h
 - ext/google/protobuf_c/defs.c
 - ext/google/protobuf_c/defs.h
 - ext/google/protobuf_c/extconf.rb
+- ext/google/protobuf_c/glue.c
 - ext/google/protobuf_c/map.c
 - ext/google/protobuf_c/map.h
 - ext/google/protobuf_c/message.c
@@ -80,21 +133,42 @@ files:
 - ext/google/protobuf_c/repeated_field.h
 - ext/google/protobuf_c/ruby-upb.c
 - ext/google/protobuf_c/ruby-upb.h
+- ext/google/protobuf_c/shared_convert.c
+- ext/google/protobuf_c/shared_convert.h
+- ext/google/protobuf_c/shared_message.c
+- ext/google/protobuf_c/shared_message.h
 - ext/google/protobuf_c/third_party/utf8_range/LICENSE
-- ext/google/protobuf_c/third_party/utf8_range/naive.c
-- ext/google/protobuf_c/third_party/utf8_range/range2-neon.c
-- ext/google/protobuf_c/third_party/utf8_range/range2-sse.c
+- ext/google/protobuf_c/third_party/utf8_range/utf8_range.c
 - ext/google/protobuf_c/third_party/utf8_range/utf8_range.h
-- ext/google/protobuf_c/wrap_memcpy.c
+- ext/google/protobuf_c/third_party/utf8_range/utf8_range_neon.inc
+- ext/google/protobuf_c/third_party/utf8_range/utf8_range_sse.inc
 - lib/google/protobuf.rb
 - lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb
 - lib/google/protobuf/api_pb.rb
-- lib/google/protobuf/descriptor_dsl.rb
 - lib/google/protobuf/descriptor_pb.rb
 - lib/google/protobuf/duration_pb.rb
 - lib/google/protobuf/empty_pb.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/descriptor.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/descriptor_pool.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/enum_descriptor.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/ffi.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/field_descriptor.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/file_descriptor.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/internal/arena.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/internal/convert.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/internal/pointer_helper.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/internal/type_safety.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/map.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/message.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/method_descriptor.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/object_cache.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/oneof_descriptor.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/repeated_field.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/ffi/service_descriptor.rb
 - lib/google/protobuf/field_mask_pb.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/internal/object_cache.rb
 - lib/google/protobuf/message_exts.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf/plugin_pb.rb
 - lib/google/protobuf/repeated_field.rb
 - lib/google/protobuf/source_context_pb.rb
 - lib/google/protobuf/struct_pb.rb
@@ -102,14 +176,14 @@ files:
 - lib/google/protobuf/type_pb.rb
 - lib/google/protobuf/well_known_types.rb
 - lib/google/protobuf/wrappers_pb.rb
-- tests/basic.rb
-- tests/generated_code_test.rb
-- tests/stress.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf_ffi.rb
+- lib/google/protobuf_native.rb
+- lib/google/tasks/ffi.rake
 homepage: https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers
 licenses:
 - BSD-3-Clause
 metadata:
-  source_code_uri: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/tree/v3.20.0/ruby
+  source_code_uri: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/tree/v4.34.1/ruby
 post_install_message: 
 rdoc_options: []
 require_paths:
@@ -118,18 +192,15 @@ required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   requirements:
   - - ">="
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-      version: '2.3'
+      version: '3.1'
 required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   requirements:
   - - ">="
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
       version: '0'
 requirements: []
-rubygems_version: 3.3.10
+rubygems_version: 3.5.16
 signing_key: 
 specification_version: 4
 summary: Protocol Buffers
-test_files:
-- tests/basic.rb
-- tests/stress.rb
-- tests/generated_code_test.rb
+test_files: []

data/ext/google/protobuf_c/third_party/utf8_range/naive.c

@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-/*
- * http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.0.0/ch03.pdf - page 94
- *
- * Table 3-7. Well-Formed UTF-8 Byte Sequences
- *
- * +--------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-------------+
- * | Code Points        | First Byte | Second Byte | Third Byte | Fourth Byte |
- * +--------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-------------+
- * | U+0000..U+007F     | 00..7F     |             |            |             |
- * +--------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-------------+
- * | U+0080..U+07FF     | C2..DF     | 80..BF      |            |             |
- * +--------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-------------+
- * | U+0800..U+0FFF     | E0         | A0..BF      | 80..BF     |             |
- * +--------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-------------+
- * | U+1000..U+CFFF     | E1..EC     | 80..BF      | 80..BF     |             |
- * +--------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-------------+
- * | U+D000..U+D7FF     | ED         | 80..9F      | 80..BF     |             |
- * +--------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-------------+
- * | U+E000..U+FFFF     | EE..EF     | 80..BF      | 80..BF     |             |
- * +--------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-------------+
- * | U+10000..U+3FFFF   | F0         | 90..BF      | 80..BF     | 80..BF      |
- * +--------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-------------+
- * | U+40000..U+FFFFF   | F1..F3     | 80..BF      | 80..BF     | 80..BF      |
- * +--------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-------------+
- * | U+100000..U+10FFFF | F4         | 80..8F      | 80..BF     | 80..BF      |
- * +--------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-------------+
- */
-
-/* Return 0 - success,  >0 - index(1 based) of first error char */
-int utf8_naive(const unsigned char *data, int len)
-{
-    int err_pos = 1;
-
-    while (len) {
-        int bytes;
-        const unsigned char byte1 = data[0];
-
-        /* 00..7F */
-        if (byte1 <= 0x7F) {
-            bytes = 1;
-        /* C2..DF, 80..BF */
-        } else if (len >= 2 && byte1 >= 0xC2 && byte1 <= 0xDF &&
-                (signed char)data[1] <= (signed char)0xBF) {
-            bytes = 2;
-        } else if (len >= 3) {
-            const unsigned char byte2 = data[1];
-
-            /* Is byte2, byte3 between 0x80 ~ 0xBF */
-            const int byte2_ok = (signed char)byte2 <= (signed char)0xBF;
-            const int byte3_ok = (signed char)data[2] <= (signed char)0xBF;
-
-            if (byte2_ok && byte3_ok &&
-                     /* E0, A0..BF, 80..BF */
-                    ((byte1 == 0xE0 && byte2 >= 0xA0) ||
-                     /* E1..EC, 80..BF, 80..BF */
-                     (byte1 >= 0xE1 && byte1 <= 0xEC) ||
-                     /* ED, 80..9F, 80..BF */
-                     (byte1 == 0xED && byte2 <= 0x9F) ||
-                     /* EE..EF, 80..BF, 80..BF */
-                     (byte1 >= 0xEE && byte1 <= 0xEF))) {
-                bytes = 3;
-            } else if (len >= 4) {
-                /* Is byte4 between 0x80 ~ 0xBF */
-                const int byte4_ok = (signed char)data[3] <= (signed char)0xBF;
-
-                if (byte2_ok && byte3_ok && byte4_ok &&
-                         /* F0, 90..BF, 80..BF, 80..BF */
-                        ((byte1 == 0xF0 && byte2 >= 0x90) ||
-                         /* F1..F3, 80..BF, 80..BF, 80..BF */
-                         (byte1 >= 0xF1 && byte1 <= 0xF3) ||
-                         /* F4, 80..8F, 80..BF, 80..BF */
-                         (byte1 == 0xF4 && byte2 <= 0x8F))) {
-                    bytes = 4;
-                } else {
-                    return err_pos;
-                }
-            } else {
-                return err_pos;
-            }
-        } else {
-            return err_pos;
-        }
-
-        len -= bytes;
-        err_pos += bytes;
-        data += bytes;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}