google-protobuf 3.0.0.alpha.5.0.3-universal-darwin

data/lib/google/protobuf.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+# require mixins before we hook them into the java & c code
+require 'google/protobuf/message_exts'
+
+# We define these before requiring the platform-specific modules.
+# That way the module init can grab references to these.
+module Google
+  module Protobuf
+    class Error < StandardError; end
+    class ParseError < Error; end
+  end
+end
+
+if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+  require 'json'
+  require 'google/protobuf_java'
+else
+  begin
+    require "google/#{RUBY_VERSION.sub(/\.\d$/, '')}/protobuf_c"
+  rescue LoadError
+    require 'google/protobuf_c'
+  end
+end
+
+require 'google/protobuf/repeated_field'
+
+module Google
+  module Protobuf
+
+    def self.encode(msg)
+      msg.to_proto
+    end
+
+    def self.encode_json(msg)
+      msg.to_json
+    end
+
+    def self.decode(klass, proto)
+      klass.decode(proto)
+    end
+
+    def self.decode_json(klass, json)
+      klass.decode_json(json)
+    end
+
+  end
+end

data/lib/google/protobuf/message_exts.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+module Google
+  module Protobuf
+    module MessageExts
+
+      #this is only called in jruby; mri loades the ClassMethods differently
+      def self.included(klass)
+        klass.extend(ClassMethods)
+      end
+
+      module ClassMethods
+      end
+
+      def to_json
+        self.class.encode_json(self)
+      end
+
+      def to_proto
+        self.class.encode(self)
+      end
+
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/google/protobuf/repeated_field.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+require 'forwardable'
+
+#
+# This class makes RepeatedField act (almost-) like a Ruby Array.
+# It has convenience methods that extend the core C or Java based
+# methods.
+#
+# This is a best-effort to mirror Array behavior.  Two comments:
+#  1) patches always welcome :)
+#  2) if performance is an issue, feel free to rewrite the method
+#     in jruby and C.  The source code has plenty of examples
+#
+# KNOWN ISSUES
+#   - #[]= doesn't allow less used approaches such as `arr[1, 2] = 'fizz'`
+#   - #concat should return the orig array
+#   - #push should accept multiple arguments and push them all at the same time
+#
+module Google
+  module Protobuf
+    class RepeatedField
+      extend Forwardable
+
+      # methods defined in C or Java:
+      #   +
+      #   [], at
+      #   []=
+      #   concat
+      #   clear
+      #   dup, clone
+      #   each
+      #   push, <<
+      #   replace
+      #   length, size
+      #   ==
+      #   to_ary, to_a
+      #   also all enumerable
+      #
+      # NOTE:  using delegators rather than method_missing to make the
+      #        relationship explicit instead of implicit
+      def_delegators :to_ary,
+        :&, :*, :-, :'<=>',
+        :assoc, :bsearch, :combination, :compact, :count, :cycle,
+        :drop, :drop_while, :eql?, :fetch, :find_index, :flatten,
+        :include?, :index, :inspect, :join,
+        :pack, :permutation, :product, :pretty_print, :pretty_print_cycle,
+        :rassoc, :repeated_combination, :repeated_permutation, :reverse,
+        :rindex, :rotate, :sample, :shuffle, :shelljoin, :slice,
+        :to_s, :transpose, :uniq, :|
+
+
+      def first(n=nil)
+        n ? self[0..n] : self[0]
+      end
+
+
+      def last(n=nil)
+        n ? self[(self.size-n-1)..-1] : self[-1]
+      end
+
+
+      def pop(n=nil)
+        if n
+          results = []
+          n.times{ results << pop_one }
+          return results
+        else
+          return pop_one
+        end
+      end
+
+
+      def empty?
+        self.size == 0
+      end
+
+      # array aliases into enumerable
+      alias_method :each_index, :each_with_index
+      alias_method :slice, :[]
+      alias_method :values_at, :select
+      alias_method :map, :collect
+
+
+      class << self
+        def define_array_wrapper_method(method_name)
+          define_method(method_name) do |*args, &block|
+            arr = self.to_a
+            result = arr.send(method_name, *args)
+            self.replace(arr)
+            return result if result
+            return block ? block.call : result
+          end
+        end
+        private :define_array_wrapper_method
+
+
+        def define_array_wrapper_with_result_method(method_name)
+          define_method(method_name) do |*args, &block|
+            # result can be an Enumerator, Array, or nil
+            # Enumerator can sometimes be returned if a block is an optional argument and it is not passed in
+            # nil usually specifies that no change was made
+            result = self.to_a.send(method_name, *args, &block)
+            if result
+              new_arr = result.to_a
+              self.replace(new_arr)
+              if result.is_a?(Enumerator)
+                # generate a fresh enum; rewinding the exiting one, in Ruby 2.2, will
+                # reset the enum with the same length, but all the #next calls will
+                # return nil
+                result = new_arr.to_enum
+                # generate a wrapper enum so any changes which occur by a chained
+                # enum can be captured
+                ie = ProxyingEnumerator.new(self, result)
+                result = ie.to_enum
+              end
+            end
+            result
+          end
+        end
+        private :define_array_wrapper_with_result_method
+      end
+
+
+      %w(delete delete_at delete_if shift slice! unshift).each do |method_name|
+        define_array_wrapper_method(method_name)
+      end
+
+
+      %w(collect! compact! fill flatten! insert reverse!
+        rotate! select! shuffle! sort! sort_by! uniq!).each do |method_name|
+        define_array_wrapper_with_result_method(method_name)
+      end
+      alias_method :keep_if, :select!
+      alias_method :map!, :collect!
+      alias_method :reject!, :delete_if
+
+
+      # propagates changes made by user of enumerator back to the original repeated field.
+      # This only applies in cases where the calling function which created the enumerator,
+      # such as #sort!, modifies itself rather than a new array, such as #sort
+      class ProxyingEnumerator < Struct.new(:repeated_field, :external_enumerator)
+        def each(*args, &block)
+          results = []
+          external_enumerator.each_with_index do |val, i|
+            result = yield(val)
+            results << result
+            #nil means no change occured from yield; usually occurs when #to_a is called
+            if result
+              repeated_field[i] = result if result != val
+            end
+          end
+          results
+        end
+      end
+
+
+    end
+  end
+end

data/tests/basic.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1140 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+require 'google/protobuf'
+require 'test/unit'
+
+# ------------- generated code --------------
+
+module BasicTest
+  pool = Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.new
+  pool.build do
+    add_message "Foo" do
+      optional :bar, :message, 1, "Bar"
+      repeated :baz, :message, 2, "Baz"
+    end
+
+    add_message "Bar" do
+      optional :msg, :string, 1
+    end
+
+    add_message "Baz" do
+      optional :msg, :string, 1
+    end
+
+    add_message "TestMessage" do
+      optional :optional_int32,  :int32,        1
+      optional :optional_int64,  :int64,        2
+      optional :optional_uint32, :uint32,       3
+      optional :optional_uint64, :uint64,       4
+      optional :optional_bool,   :bool,         5
+      optional :optional_float,  :float,        6
+      optional :optional_double, :double,       7
+      optional :optional_string, :string,       8
+      optional :optional_bytes,  :bytes,        9
+      optional :optional_msg,    :message,      10, "TestMessage2"
+      optional :optional_enum,   :enum,         11, "TestEnum"
+
+      repeated :repeated_int32,  :int32,        12
+      repeated :repeated_int64,  :int64,        13
+      repeated :repeated_uint32, :uint32,       14
+      repeated :repeated_uint64, :uint64,       15
+      repeated :repeated_bool,   :bool,         16
+      repeated :repeated_float,  :float,        17
+      repeated :repeated_double, :double,       18
+      repeated :repeated_string, :string,       19
+      repeated :repeated_bytes,  :bytes,        20
+      repeated :repeated_msg,    :message,      21, "TestMessage2"
+      repeated :repeated_enum,   :enum,         22, "TestEnum"
+    end
+    add_message "TestMessage2" do
+      optional :foo, :int32, 1
+    end
+
+    add_message "Recursive1" do
+      optional :foo, :message, 1, "Recursive2"
+    end
+    add_message "Recursive2" do
+      optional :foo, :message, 1, "Recursive1"
+    end
+
+    add_enum "TestEnum" do
+      value :Default, 0
+      value :A, 1
+      value :B, 2
+      value :C, 3
+    end
+
+    add_message "BadFieldNames" do
+      optional :dup, :int32, 1
+      optional :class, :int32, 2
+      optional :"a.b", :int32, 3
+    end
+
+    add_message "MapMessage" do
+      map :map_string_int32, :string, :int32, 1
+      map :map_string_msg, :string, :message, 2, "TestMessage2"
+    end
+    add_message "MapMessageWireEquiv" do
+      repeated :map_string_int32, :message, 1, "MapMessageWireEquiv_entry1"
+      repeated :map_string_msg, :message, 2, "MapMessageWireEquiv_entry2"
+    end
+    add_message "MapMessageWireEquiv_entry1" do
+      optional :key, :string, 1
+      optional :value, :int32, 2
+    end
+    add_message "MapMessageWireEquiv_entry2" do
+      optional :key, :string, 1
+      optional :value, :message, 2, "TestMessage2"
+    end
+
+    add_message "OneofMessage" do
+      oneof :my_oneof do
+        optional :a, :string, 1
+        optional :b, :int32, 2
+        optional :c, :message, 3, "TestMessage2"
+        optional :d, :enum, 4, "TestEnum"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  Foo = pool.lookup("Foo").msgclass
+  Bar = pool.lookup("Bar").msgclass
+  Baz = pool.lookup("Baz").msgclass
+  TestMessage = pool.lookup("TestMessage").msgclass
+  TestMessage2 = pool.lookup("TestMessage2").msgclass
+  Recursive1 = pool.lookup("Recursive1").msgclass
+  Recursive2 = pool.lookup("Recursive2").msgclass
+  TestEnum = pool.lookup("TestEnum").enummodule
+  BadFieldNames = pool.lookup("BadFieldNames").msgclass
+  MapMessage = pool.lookup("MapMessage").msgclass
+  MapMessageWireEquiv = pool.lookup("MapMessageWireEquiv").msgclass
+  MapMessageWireEquiv_entry1 =
+    pool.lookup("MapMessageWireEquiv_entry1").msgclass
+  MapMessageWireEquiv_entry2 =
+    pool.lookup("MapMessageWireEquiv_entry2").msgclass
+  OneofMessage = pool.lookup("OneofMessage").msgclass
+
+# ------------ test cases ---------------
+
+  class MessageContainerTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+
+    def test_defaults
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      assert m.optional_int32 == 0
+      assert m.optional_int64 == 0
+      assert m.optional_uint32 == 0
+      assert m.optional_uint64 == 0
+      assert m.optional_bool == false
+      assert m.optional_float == 0.0
+      assert m.optional_double == 0.0
+      assert m.optional_string == ""
+      assert m.optional_bytes == ""
+      assert m.optional_msg == nil
+      assert m.optional_enum == :Default
+    end
+
+    def test_setters
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      m.optional_int32 = -42
+      assert m.optional_int32 == -42
+      m.optional_int64 = -0x1_0000_0000
+      assert m.optional_int64 == -0x1_0000_0000
+      m.optional_uint32 = 0x9000_0000
+      assert m.optional_uint32 == 0x9000_0000
+      m.optional_uint64 = 0x9000_0000_0000_0000
+      assert m.optional_uint64 == 0x9000_0000_0000_0000
+      m.optional_bool = true
+      assert m.optional_bool == true
+      m.optional_float = 0.5
+      assert m.optional_float == 0.5
+      m.optional_double = 0.5
+      m.optional_string = "hello"
+      assert m.optional_string == "hello"
+      m.optional_bytes = "world".encode!('ASCII-8BIT')
+      assert m.optional_bytes == "world"
+      m.optional_msg = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42)
+      assert m.optional_msg == TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42)
+      m.optional_msg = nil
+      assert m.optional_msg == nil
+    end
+
+    def test_ctor_args
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => -42,
+                          :optional_msg => TestMessage2.new,
+                          :optional_enum => :C,
+                          :repeated_string => ["hello", "there", "world"])
+      assert m.optional_int32 == -42
+      assert m.optional_msg.class == TestMessage2
+      assert m.repeated_string.length == 3
+      assert m.optional_enum == :C
+      assert m.repeated_string[0] == "hello"
+      assert m.repeated_string[1] == "there"
+      assert m.repeated_string[2] == "world"
+    end
+
+    def test_inspect
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => -42,
+                          :optional_enum => :A,
+                          :optional_msg => TestMessage2.new,
+                          :repeated_string => ["hello", "there", "world"])
+      expected = '<BasicTest::TestMessage: optional_int32: -42, optional_int64: 0, optional_uint32: 0, optional_uint64: 0, optional_bool: false, optional_float: 0.0, optional_double: 0.0, optional_string: "", optional_bytes: "", optional_msg: <BasicTest::TestMessage2: foo: 0>, optional_enum: :A, repeated_int32: [], repeated_int64: [], repeated_uint32: [], repeated_uint64: [], repeated_bool: [], repeated_float: [], repeated_double: [], repeated_string: ["hello", "there", "world"], repeated_bytes: [], repeated_msg: [], repeated_enum: []>'
+      assert_equal expected, m.inspect
+    end
+
+    def test_hash
+      m1 = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42)
+      m2 = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 102)
+      assert m1.hash != 0
+      assert m2.hash != 0
+      # relying on the randomness here -- if hash function changes and we are
+      # unlucky enough to get a collision, then change the values above.
+      assert m1.hash != m2.hash
+    end
+
+    def test_type_errors
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m.optional_int32 = "hello"
+      end
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m.optional_string = 42
+      end
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m.optional_string = nil
+      end
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m.optional_bool = 42
+      end
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m.optional_msg = TestMessage.new  # expects TestMessage2
+      end
+
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m.repeated_int32 = []  # needs RepeatedField
+      end
+
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m.repeated_int32.push "hello"
+      end
+
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m.repeated_msg.push TestMessage.new
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_string_encoding
+      m = TestMessage.new
+
+      # Assigning a normal (ASCII or UTF8) string to a bytes field, or
+      # ASCII-8BIT to a string field, raises an error.
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m.optional_bytes = "Test string ASCII".encode!('ASCII')
+      end
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m.optional_bytes = "Test string UTF-8 \u0100".encode!('UTF-8')
+      end
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m.optional_string = ["FFFF"].pack('H*')
+      end
+
+      # "Ordinary" use case.
+      m.optional_bytes = ["FFFF"].pack('H*')
+      m.optional_string = "\u0100"
+
+      # strings are mutable so we can do this, but serialize should catch it.
+      m.optional_string = "asdf".encode!('UTF-8')
+      m.optional_string.encode!('ASCII-8BIT')
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        data = TestMessage.encode(m)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_rptfield_int32
+      l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:int32)
+      assert l.count == 0
+      l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:int32, [1, 2, 3])
+      assert l.count == 3
+      assert_equal [1, 2, 3], l
+      assert_equal l, [1, 2, 3]
+      l.push 4
+      assert l == [1, 2, 3, 4]
+      dst_list = []
+      l.each { |val| dst_list.push val }
+      assert dst_list == [1, 2, 3, 4]
+      assert l.to_a == [1, 2, 3, 4]
+      assert l[0] == 1
+      assert l[3] == 4
+      l[0] = 5
+      assert l == [5, 2, 3, 4]
+
+      l2 = l.dup
+      assert l == l2
+      assert l.object_id != l2.object_id
+      l2.push 6
+      assert l.count == 4
+      assert l2.count == 5
+
+      assert l.inspect == '[5, 2, 3, 4]'
+
+      l.concat([7, 8, 9])
+      assert l == [5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9]
+      assert l.pop == 9
+      assert l == [5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8]
+
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m = TestMessage.new
+        l.push m
+      end
+
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      m.repeated_int32 = l
+      assert m.repeated_int32 == [5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8]
+      assert m.repeated_int32.object_id == l.object_id
+      l.push 42
+      assert m.repeated_int32.pop == 42
+
+      l3 = l + l.dup
+      assert l3.count == l.count * 2
+      l.count.times do |i|
+        assert l3[i] == l[i]
+        assert l3[l.count + i] == l[i]
+      end
+
+      l.clear
+      assert l.count == 0
+      l += [1, 2, 3, 4]
+      l.replace([5, 6, 7, 8])
+      assert l == [5, 6, 7, 8]
+
+      l4 = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:int32)
+      l4[5] = 42
+      assert l4 == [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42]
+
+      l4 << 100
+      assert l4 == [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 100]
+      l4 << 101 << 102
+      assert l4 == [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 100, 101, 102]
+    end
+
+    def test_parent_rptfield
+      #make sure we set the RepeatedField and can add to it
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      assert m.repeated_string == []
+      m.repeated_string << 'ok'
+      m.repeated_string.push('ok2')
+      assert m.repeated_string == ['ok', 'ok2']
+      m.repeated_string += ['ok3']
+      assert m.repeated_string == ['ok', 'ok2', 'ok3']
+    end
+
+    def test_rptfield_msg
+      l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:message, TestMessage)
+      l.push TestMessage.new
+      assert l.count == 1
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        l.push TestMessage2.new
+      end
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        l.push 42
+      end
+
+      l2 = l.dup
+      assert l2[0] == l[0]
+      assert l2[0].object_id == l[0].object_id
+
+      l2 = Google::Protobuf.deep_copy(l)
+      assert l2[0] == l[0]
+      assert l2[0].object_id != l[0].object_id
+
+      l3 = l + l2
+      assert l3.count == 2
+      assert l3[0] == l[0]
+      assert l3[1] == l2[0]
+      l3[0].optional_int32 = 1000
+      assert l[0].optional_int32 == 1000
+
+      new_msg = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 200)
+      l4 = l + [new_msg]
+      assert l4.count == 2
+      new_msg.optional_int32 = 1000
+      assert l4[1].optional_int32 == 1000
+    end
+
+    def test_rptfield_enum
+      l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:enum, TestEnum)
+      l.push :A
+      l.push :B
+      l.push :C
+      assert l.count == 3
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        l.push :D
+      end
+      assert l[0] == :A
+
+      l.push 4
+      assert l[3] == 4
+    end
+
+    def test_rptfield_initialize
+      assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new
+      end
+      assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:message)
+      end
+      assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new([1, 2, 3])
+      end
+      assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:message, [TestMessage2.new])
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_rptfield_array_ducktyping
+      l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:int32)
+      length_methods = %w(count length size)
+      length_methods.each do |lm|
+        assert l.send(lm)  == 0
+      end
+      # out of bounds returns a nil
+      assert l[0] == nil
+      assert l[1] == nil
+      assert l[-1] == nil
+      l.push 4
+      length_methods.each do |lm|
+        assert l.send(lm) == 1
+      end
+      assert l[0] == 4
+      assert l[1] == nil
+      assert l[-1] == 4
+      assert l[-2] == nil
+
+      l.push 2
+      length_methods.each do |lm|
+        assert l.send(lm) == 2
+      end
+      assert l[0] == 4
+      assert l[1] == 2
+      assert l[2] == nil
+      assert l[-1] == 2
+      assert l[-2] == 4
+      assert l[-3] == nil
+
+      #adding out of scope will backfill with empty objects
+    end
+
+    def test_map_basic
+      # allowed key types:
+      # :int32, :int64, :uint32, :uint64, :bool, :string, :bytes.
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :int32)
+      m["asdf"] = 1
+      assert m["asdf"] == 1
+      m["jkl;"] = 42
+      assert m == { "jkl;" => 42, "asdf" => 1 }
+      assert m.has_key?("asdf")
+      assert !m.has_key?("qwerty")
+      assert m.length == 2
+
+      m2 = m.dup
+      assert m == m2
+      assert m.hash != 0
+      assert m.hash == m2.hash
+
+      collected = {}
+      m.each { |k,v| collected[v] = k }
+      assert collected == { 42 => "jkl;", 1 => "asdf" }
+
+      assert m.delete("asdf") == 1
+      assert !m.has_key?("asdf")
+      assert m["asdf"] == nil
+      assert !m.has_key?("asdf")
+
+      # We only assert on inspect value when there is one map entry because the
+      # order in which elements appear is unspecified (depends on the internal
+      # hash function). We don't want a brittle test.
+      assert m.inspect == "{\"jkl;\"=>42}"
+
+      assert m.keys == ["jkl;"]
+      assert m.values == [42]
+
+      m.clear
+      assert m.length == 0
+      assert m == {}
+
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m[1] = 1
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m["asdf"] = 0x1_0000_0000
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_map_ctor
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :int32,
+                                    {"a" => 1, "b" => 2, "c" => 3})
+      assert m == {"a" => 1, "c" => 3, "b" => 2}
+    end
+
+    def test_map_keytypes
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:int32, :int32)
+      m[1] = 42
+      m[-1] = 42
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m[0x8000_0000] = 1
+      end
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m["asdf"] = 1
+      end
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:int64, :int32)
+      m[0x1000_0000_0000_0000] = 1
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m[0x1_0000_0000_0000_0000] = 1
+      end
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m["asdf"] = 1
+      end
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:uint32, :int32)
+      m[0x8000_0000] = 1
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m[0x1_0000_0000] = 1
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m[-1] = 1
+      end
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:uint64, :int32)
+      m[0x8000_0000_0000_0000] = 1
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m[0x1_0000_0000_0000_0000] = 1
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m[-1] = 1
+      end
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:bool, :int32)
+      m[true] = 1
+      m[false] = 2
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m[1] = 1
+      end
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m["asdf"] = 1
+      end
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :int32)
+      m["asdf"] = 1
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m[1] = 1
+      end
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        bytestring = ["FFFF"].pack("H*")
+        m[bytestring] = 1
+      end
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:bytes, :int32)
+      bytestring = ["FFFF"].pack("H*")
+      m[bytestring] = 1
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m["asdf"] = 1
+      end
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m[1] = 1
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_map_msg_enum_valuetypes
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :message, TestMessage)
+      m["asdf"] = TestMessage.new
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m["jkl;"] = TestMessage2.new
+      end
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(
+        :string, :message, TestMessage,
+        { "a" => TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42),
+          "b" => TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 84) })
+      assert m.length == 2
+      assert m.values.map{|msg| msg.optional_int32}.sort == [42, 84]
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :enum, TestEnum,
+                                    { "x" => :A, "y" => :B, "z" => :C })
+      assert m.length == 3
+      assert m["z"] == :C
+      m["z"] = 2
+      assert m["z"] == :B
+      m["z"] = 4
+      assert m["z"] == 4
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m["z"] = :Z
+      end
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m["z"] = "z"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_map_dup_deep_copy
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(
+        :string, :message, TestMessage,
+        { "a" => TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42),
+          "b" => TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 84) })
+
+      m2 = m.dup
+      assert m == m2
+      assert m.object_id != m2.object_id
+      assert m["a"].object_id == m2["a"].object_id
+      assert m["b"].object_id == m2["b"].object_id
+
+      m2 = Google::Protobuf.deep_copy(m)
+      assert m == m2
+      assert m.object_id != m2.object_id
+      assert m["a"].object_id != m2["a"].object_id
+      assert m["b"].object_id != m2["b"].object_id
+    end
+
+    def test_map_field
+      m = MapMessage.new
+      assert m.map_string_int32 == {}
+      assert m.map_string_msg == {}
+
+      m = MapMessage.new(
+        :map_string_int32 => {"a" => 1, "b" => 2},
+        :map_string_msg => {"a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                            "b" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)})
+      assert m.map_string_int32.keys.sort == ["a", "b"]
+      assert m.map_string_int32["a"] == 1
+      assert m.map_string_msg["b"].foo == 2
+
+      m.map_string_int32["c"] = 3
+      assert m.map_string_int32["c"] == 3
+      m.map_string_msg["c"] = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 3)
+      assert m.map_string_msg["c"] == TestMessage2.new(:foo => 3)
+      m.map_string_msg.delete("b")
+      m.map_string_msg.delete("c")
+      assert m.map_string_msg == { "a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1) }
+
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m.map_string_msg["e"] = TestMessage.new # wrong value type
+      end
+      # ensure nothing was added by the above
+      assert m.map_string_msg == { "a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1) }
+
+      m.map_string_int32 = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :int32)
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m.map_string_int32 = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :int64)
+      end
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m.map_string_int32 = {}
+      end
+
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m = MapMessage.new(:map_string_int32 => { 1 => "I am not a number" })
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_map_encode_decode
+      m = MapMessage.new(
+        :map_string_int32 => {"a" => 1, "b" => 2},
+        :map_string_msg => {"a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                            "b" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)})
+      m2 = MapMessage.decode(MapMessage.encode(m))
+      assert m == m2
+
+      m3 = MapMessageWireEquiv.decode(MapMessage.encode(m))
+      assert m3.map_string_int32.length == 2
+
+      kv = {}
+      m3.map_string_int32.map { |msg| kv[msg.key] = msg.value }
+      assert kv == {"a" => 1, "b" => 2}
+
+      kv = {}
+      m3.map_string_msg.map { |msg| kv[msg.key] = msg.value }
+      assert kv == {"a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                    "b" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)}
+    end
+
+    def test_oneof_descriptors
+      d = OneofMessage.descriptor
+      o = d.lookup_oneof("my_oneof")
+      assert o != nil
+      assert o.class == Google::Protobuf::OneofDescriptor
+      assert o.name == "my_oneof"
+      oneof_count = 0
+      d.each_oneof{ |oneof|
+        oneof_count += 1
+        assert oneof == o
+      }
+      assert oneof_count == 1
+      assert o.count == 4
+      field_names = o.map{|f| f.name}.sort
+      assert field_names == ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+    end
+
+    def test_oneof
+      d = OneofMessage.new
+      assert d.a == nil
+      assert d.b == nil
+      assert d.c == nil
+      assert d.d == nil
+      assert d.my_oneof == nil
+
+      d.a = "hi"
+      assert d.a == "hi"
+      assert d.b == nil
+      assert d.c == nil
+      assert d.d == nil
+      assert d.my_oneof == :a
+
+      d.b = 42
+      assert d.a == nil
+      assert d.b == 42
+      assert d.c == nil
+      assert d.d == nil
+      assert d.my_oneof == :b
+
+      d.c = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 100)
+      assert d.a == nil
+      assert d.b == nil
+      assert d.c.foo == 100
+      assert d.d == nil
+      assert d.my_oneof == :c
+
+      d.d = :C
+      assert d.a == nil
+      assert d.b == nil
+      assert d.c == nil
+      assert d.d == :C
+      assert d.my_oneof == :d
+
+      d2 = OneofMessage.decode(OneofMessage.encode(d))
+      assert d2 == d
+
+      encoded_field_a = OneofMessage.encode(OneofMessage.new(:a => "string"))
+      encoded_field_b = OneofMessage.encode(OneofMessage.new(:b => 1000))
+      encoded_field_c = OneofMessage.encode(
+        OneofMessage.new(:c => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1)))
+      encoded_field_d = OneofMessage.encode(OneofMessage.new(:d => :B))
+
+      d3 = OneofMessage.decode(
+        encoded_field_c + encoded_field_a + encoded_field_d)
+      assert d3.a == nil
+      assert d3.b == nil
+      assert d3.c == nil
+      assert d3.d == :B
+
+      d4 = OneofMessage.decode(
+        encoded_field_c + encoded_field_a + encoded_field_d +
+        encoded_field_c)
+      assert d4.a == nil
+      assert d4.b == nil
+      assert d4.c.foo == 1
+      assert d4.d == nil
+
+      d5 = OneofMessage.new(:a => "hello")
+      assert d5.a != nil
+      d5.a = nil
+      assert d5.a == nil
+      assert OneofMessage.encode(d5) == ''
+      assert d5.my_oneof == nil
+    end
+
+    def test_enum_field
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      assert m.optional_enum == :Default
+      m.optional_enum = :A
+      assert m.optional_enum == :A
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_enum = :ASDF
+      end
+      m.optional_enum = 1
+      assert m.optional_enum == :A
+      m.optional_enum = 100
+      assert m.optional_enum == 100
+    end
+
+    def test_dup
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      m.optional_string = "hello"
+      m.optional_int32 = 42
+      tm1 = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 100)
+      tm2 = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 200)
+      m.repeated_msg.push tm1
+      assert m.repeated_msg[-1] == tm1
+      m.repeated_msg.push tm2
+      assert m.repeated_msg[-1] == tm2
+      m2 = m.dup
+      assert m == m2
+      m.optional_int32 += 1
+      assert m != m2
+      assert m.repeated_msg[0] == m2.repeated_msg[0]
+      assert m.repeated_msg[0].object_id == m2.repeated_msg[0].object_id
+    end
+
+    def test_deep_copy
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42,
+                          :repeated_msg => [TestMessage2.new(:foo => 100)])
+      m2 = Google::Protobuf.deep_copy(m)
+      assert m == m2
+      assert m.repeated_msg == m2.repeated_msg
+      assert m.repeated_msg.object_id != m2.repeated_msg.object_id
+      assert m.repeated_msg[0].object_id != m2.repeated_msg[0].object_id
+    end
+
+    def test_eq
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42,
+                          :repeated_int32 => [1, 2, 3])
+      m2 = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 43,
+                           :repeated_int32 => [1, 2, 3])
+      assert m != m2
+    end
+
+    def test_enum_lookup
+      assert TestEnum::A == 1
+      assert TestEnum::B == 2
+      assert TestEnum::C == 3
+
+      assert TestEnum::lookup(1) == :A
+      assert TestEnum::lookup(2) == :B
+      assert TestEnum::lookup(3) == :C
+
+      assert TestEnum::resolve(:A) == 1
+      assert TestEnum::resolve(:B) == 2
+      assert TestEnum::resolve(:C) == 3
+    end
+
+    def test_parse_serialize
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42,
+                          :optional_string => "hello world",
+                          :optional_enum => :B,
+                          :repeated_string => ["a", "b", "c"],
+                          :repeated_int32 => [42, 43, 44],
+                          :repeated_enum => [:A, :B, :C, 100],
+                          :repeated_msg => [TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                                            TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)])
+      data = TestMessage.encode m
+      m2 = TestMessage.decode data
+      assert m == m2
+
+      data = Google::Protobuf.encode m
+      m2 = Google::Protobuf.decode(TestMessage, data)
+      assert m == m2
+    end
+
+    def test_encode_decode_helpers
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_string => 'foo', :repeated_string => ['bar1', 'bar2'])
+      json = m.to_json
+      m2 = TestMessage.decode_json(json)
+      assert m2.optional_string == 'foo'
+      assert m2.repeated_string == ['bar1', 'bar2']
+
+      proto = m.to_proto
+      m2 = TestMessage.decode(proto)
+      assert m2.optional_string == 'foo'
+      assert m2.repeated_string == ['bar1', 'bar2']
+    end
+
+    def test_protobuf_encode_decode_helpers
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_string => 'foo', :repeated_string => ['bar1', 'bar2'])
+      encoded_msg = Google::Protobuf.encode(m)
+      assert_equal m.to_proto, encoded_msg
+
+      decoded_msg = Google::Protobuf.decode(TestMessage, encoded_msg)
+      assert_equal TestMessage.decode(m.to_proto), decoded_msg
+    end
+
+    def test_protobuf_encode_decode_json_helpers
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_string => 'foo', :repeated_string => ['bar1', 'bar2'])
+      encoded_msg = Google::Protobuf.encode_json(m)
+      assert_equal m.to_json, encoded_msg
+
+      decoded_msg = Google::Protobuf.decode_json(TestMessage, encoded_msg)
+      assert_equal TestMessage.decode_json(m.to_json), decoded_msg
+    end
+
+    def test_to_h
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_bool => true, :optional_double => -10.100001, :optional_string => 'foo', :repeated_string => ['bar1', 'bar2'])
+      expected_result = {
+        :optional_bool=>true,
+        :optional_bytes=>"",
+        :optional_double=>-10.100001,
+        :optional_enum=>:Default,
+        :optional_float=>0.0,
+        :optional_int32=>0,
+        :optional_int64=>0,
+        :optional_msg=>nil,
+        :optional_string=>"foo",
+        :optional_uint32=>0,
+        :optional_uint64=>0,
+        :repeated_bool=>[],
+        :repeated_bytes=>[],
+        :repeated_double=>[],
+        :repeated_enum=>[],
+        :repeated_float=>[],
+        :repeated_int32=>[],
+        :repeated_int64=>[],
+        :repeated_msg=>[],
+        :repeated_string=>["bar1", "bar2"],
+        :repeated_uint32=>[],
+        :repeated_uint64=>[]
+      }
+      assert_equal expected_result, m.to_h
+    end
+
+
+    def test_def_errors
+      s = Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.new
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        s.build do
+          # enum with no default (integer value 0)
+          add_enum "MyEnum" do
+            value :A, 1
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        s.build do
+          # message with required field (unsupported in proto3)
+          add_message "MyMessage" do
+            required :foo, :int32, 1
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_corecursive
+      # just be sure that we can instantiate types with corecursive field-type
+      # references.
+      m = Recursive1.new(:foo => Recursive2.new(:foo => Recursive1.new))
+      assert Recursive1.descriptor.lookup("foo").subtype ==
+        Recursive2.descriptor
+      assert Recursive2.descriptor.lookup("foo").subtype ==
+        Recursive1.descriptor
+
+      serialized = Recursive1.encode(m)
+      m2 = Recursive1.decode(serialized)
+      assert m == m2
+    end
+
+    def test_serialize_cycle
+      m = Recursive1.new(:foo => Recursive2.new)
+      m.foo.foo = m
+      assert_raise RuntimeError do
+        serialized = Recursive1.encode(m)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_bad_field_names
+      m = BadFieldNames.new(:dup => 1, :class => 2)
+      m2 = m.dup
+      assert m == m2
+      assert m['dup'] == 1
+      assert m['class'] == 2
+      m['dup'] = 3
+      assert m['dup'] == 3
+      m['a.b'] = 4
+      assert m['a.b'] == 4
+    end
+
+    def test_int_ranges
+      m = TestMessage.new
+
+      m.optional_int32 = 0
+      m.optional_int32 = -0x8000_0000
+      m.optional_int32 = +0x7fff_ffff
+      m.optional_int32 = 1.0
+      m.optional_int32 = -1.0
+      m.optional_int32 = 2e9
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int32 = -0x8000_0001
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int32 = +0x8000_0000
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int32 = +0x1000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 # force Bignum
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int32 = 1e12
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int32 = 1.5
+      end
+
+      m.optional_uint32 = 0
+      m.optional_uint32 = +0xffff_ffff
+      m.optional_uint32 = 1.0
+      m.optional_uint32 = 4e9
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = -1
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = -1.5
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = -1.5e12
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = -0x1000_0000_0000_0000
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = +0x1_0000_0000
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = +0x1000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 # force Bignum
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = 1e12
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = 1.5
+      end
+
+      m.optional_int64 = 0
+      m.optional_int64 = -0x8000_0000_0000_0000
+      m.optional_int64 = +0x7fff_ffff_ffff_ffff
+      m.optional_int64 = 1.0
+      m.optional_int64 = -1.0
+      m.optional_int64 = 8e18
+      m.optional_int64 = -8e18
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int64 = -0x8000_0000_0000_0001
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int64 = +0x8000_0000_0000_0000
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int64 = +0x1000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 # force Bignum
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int64 = 1e50
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int64 = 1.5
+      end
+
+      m.optional_uint64 = 0
+      m.optional_uint64 = +0xffff_ffff_ffff_ffff
+      m.optional_uint64 = 1.0
+      m.optional_uint64 = 16e18
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = -1
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = -1.5
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = -1.5e12
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = -0x1_0000_0000_0000_0000
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = +0x1_0000_0000_0000_0000
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = +0x1000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 # force Bignum
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = 1e50
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = 1.5
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_stress_test
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      m.optional_int32 = 42
+      m.optional_int64 = 0x100000000
+      m.optional_string = "hello world"
+      10.times do m.repeated_msg.push TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42) end
+      10.times do m.repeated_string.push "hello world" end
+
+      data = TestMessage.encode(m)
+
+      l = 0
+      10_000.times do
+        m = TestMessage.decode(data)
+        data_new = TestMessage.encode(m)
+        assert data_new == data
+        data = data_new
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_reflection
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 1234)
+      msgdef = m.class.descriptor
+      assert msgdef.class == Google::Protobuf::Descriptor
+      assert msgdef.any? {|field| field.name == "optional_int32"}
+      optional_int32 = msgdef.lookup "optional_int32"
+      assert optional_int32.class == Google::Protobuf::FieldDescriptor
+      assert optional_int32 != nil
+      assert optional_int32.name == "optional_int32"
+      assert optional_int32.type == :int32
+      optional_int32.set(m, 5678)
+      assert m.optional_int32 == 5678
+      m.optional_int32 = 1000
+      assert optional_int32.get(m) == 1000
+
+      optional_msg = msgdef.lookup "optional_msg"
+      assert optional_msg.subtype == TestMessage2.descriptor
+
+      optional_msg.set(m, optional_msg.subtype.msgclass.new)
+
+      assert msgdef.msgclass == TestMessage
+
+      optional_enum = msgdef.lookup "optional_enum"
+      assert optional_enum.subtype == TestEnum.descriptor
+      assert optional_enum.subtype.class == Google::Protobuf::EnumDescriptor
+      optional_enum.subtype.each do |k, v|
+        # set with integer, check resolution to symbolic name
+        optional_enum.set(m, v)
+        assert optional_enum.get(m) == k
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_json
+      # TODO: Fix JSON in JRuby version.
+      return if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 1234,
+                          :optional_int64 => -0x1_0000_0000,
+                          :optional_uint32 => 0x8000_0000,
+                          :optional_uint64 => 0xffff_ffff_ffff_ffff,
+                          :optional_bool => true,
+                          :optional_float => 1.0,
+                          :optional_double => -1e100,
+                          :optional_string => "Test string",
+                          :optional_bytes => ["FFFFFFFF"].pack('H*'),
+                          :optional_msg => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42),
+                          :repeated_int32 => [1, 2, 3, 4],
+                          :repeated_string => ["a", "b", "c"],
+                          :repeated_bool => [true, false, true, false],
+                          :repeated_msg => [TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                                            TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)])
+
+      json_text = TestMessage.encode_json(m)
+      m2 = TestMessage.decode_json(json_text)
+      assert m == m2
+
+      # Crash case from GitHub issue 283.
+      bar = Bar.new(msg: "bar")
+      baz1 = Baz.new(msg: "baz")
+      baz2 = Baz.new(msg: "quux")
+      Foo.encode_json(Foo.new)
+      Foo.encode_json(Foo.new(bar: bar))
+      Foo.encode_json(Foo.new(bar: bar, baz: [baz1, baz2]))
+    end
+
+    def test_json_maps
+      # TODO: Fix JSON in JRuby version.
+      return if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+      m = MapMessage.new(:map_string_int32 => {"a" => 1})
+      expected = '{"map_string_int32":{"a":1},"map_string_msg":{}}'
+      assert MapMessage.encode_json(m) == expected
+      m2 = MapMessage.decode_json(MapMessage.encode_json(m))
+      assert m == m2
+    end
+  end
+end