google-cloud-bigquery 0.28.0 → 0.29.0

data/lib/google/cloud/bigquery/dataset/list.rb

@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ module Google
           def next
             return nil unless next?
             ensure_service!
-            options = { all: @hidden, token: token, max: @max }
+            options = { all: @hidden, filter: @filter, token: token, max: @max }
             gapi = @service.list_datasets options
-            self.class.from_gapi gapi, @service, @hidden, @max
+            self.class.from_gapi gapi, @service, @hidden, @filter, @max
           end
 
           ##
@@ -140,7 +140,8 @@ module Google
 
           ##
           # @private New Dataset::List from a response object.
-          def self.from_gapi gapi_list, service, hidden = nil, max = nil
+          def self.from_gapi gapi_list, service, hidden = nil, filter = nil,
+                             max = nil
             datasets = List.new(Array(gapi_list.datasets).map do |gapi_object|
               Dataset.from_gapi gapi_object, service
             end)
@@ -148,6 +149,7 @@ module Google
             datasets.instance_variable_set :@etag,    gapi_list.etag
             datasets.instance_variable_set :@service, service
             datasets.instance_variable_set :@hidden,  hidden
+            datasets.instance_variable_set :@filter,  filter
             datasets.instance_variable_set :@max,     max
             datasets
           end

data/lib/google/cloud/bigquery/external.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,2353 @@
+# Copyright 2017 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+require "google/apis/bigquery_v2"
+require "base64"
+
+module Google
+  module Cloud
+    module Bigquery
+      ##
+      # # External
+      #
+      # Creates a new {External::DataSource} (or subclass) object that
+      # represents the external data source that can be queried from directly,
+      # even though the data is not stored in BigQuery. Instead of loading or
+      # streaming the data, this object references the external data source.
+      #
+      # See {External::DataSource}, {External::CsvSource},
+      # {External::JsonSource}, {External::SheetsSource},
+      # {External::BigtableSource}
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+      #
+      #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+      #
+      #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+      #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+      #     csv.autodetect = true
+      #     csv.skip_leading_rows = 1
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   data = bigquery.query "SELECT * FROM my_ext_table",
+      #                         external: { my_ext_table: csv_table }
+      #
+      #   data.each do |row|
+      #     puts row[:name]
+      #   end
+      #
+      module External
+        ##
+        # @private New External from URLs and format
+        def self.from_urls urls, format = nil
+          external_format = source_format_for urls, format
+          if external_format.nil?
+            fail ArgumentError, "Unable to determine external table format"
+          end
+          external_class = table_class_for external_format
+          external_class.new.tap do |e|
+            e.gapi.source_uris = Array(urls)
+            e.gapi.source_format = external_format
+          end
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # @private Google API Client object.
+        def self.from_gapi gapi
+          external_format = source_format_for gapi.source_uris,
+                                              gapi.source_format
+          if external_format.nil?
+            fail ArgumentError, "Unable to determine external table format"
+          end
+          external_class = table_class_for external_format
+          external_class.from_gapi gapi
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # @private Determine source_format from inputs
+        def self.source_format_for urls, format
+          val = { "csv"                    => "CSV",
+                  "json"                   => "NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON",
+                  "newline_delimited_json" => "NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON",
+                  "sheets"                 => "GOOGLE_SHEETS",
+                  "google_sheets"          => "GOOGLE_SHEETS",
+                  "avro"                   => "AVRO",
+                  "datastore"              => "DATASTORE_BACKUP",
+                  "backup"                 => "DATASTORE_BACKUP",
+                  "datastore_backup"       => "DATASTORE_BACKUP",
+                  "bigtable"               => "BIGTABLE"
+                }[format.to_s.downcase]
+          return val unless val.nil?
+          Array(urls).each do |url|
+            return "CSV" if url.end_with? ".csv"
+            return "NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON" if url.end_with? ".json"
+            return "AVRO" if url.end_with? ".avro"
+            return "DATASTORE_BACKUP" if url.end_with? ".backup_info"
+            if url.start_with? "https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/"
+              return "GOOGLE_SHEETS"
+            end
+            if url.start_with? "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/"
+              return "BIGTABLE"
+            end
+          end
+          nil
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # @private Determine table class from source_format
+        def self.table_class_for format
+          case format
+          when "CSV"                    then External::CsvSource
+          when "NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON" then External::JsonSource
+          when "GOOGLE_SHEETS"          then External::SheetsSource
+          when "BIGTABLE"               then External::BigtableSource
+          else
+            # AVRO and DATASTORE_BACKUP
+            External::DataSource
+          end
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # # DataSource
+        #
+        # External::DataSource and its subclasses represents an external data
+        # source that can be queried from directly, even though the data is not
+        # stored in BigQuery. Instead of loading or streaming the data, this
+        # object references the external data source.
+        #
+        # The AVRO and Datastore Backup formats use {External::DataSource}. See
+        # {External::CsvSource}, {External::JsonSource},
+        # {External::SheetsSource}, {External::BigtableSource} for the other
+        # formats.
+        #
+        # @example
+        #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+        #
+        #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+        #
+        #   avro_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.avro"
+        #   avro_table = bigquery.external avro_url do |avro|
+        #     avro.autodetect = true
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   data = bigquery.query "SELECT * FROM my_ext_table",
+        #                         external: { my_ext_table: avro_table }
+        #
+        #   data.each do |row|
+        #     puts row[:name]
+        #   end
+        #
+        class DataSource
+          ##
+          # @private The Google API Client object.
+          attr_accessor :gapi
+
+          ##
+          # @private Create an empty Table object.
+          def initialize
+            @gapi = Google::Apis::BigqueryV2::ExternalDataConfiguration.new
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # The data format. For CSV files, specify "CSV". For Google sheets,
+          # specify "GOOGLE_SHEETS". For newline-delimited JSON, specify
+          # "NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON". For Avro files, specify "AVRO". For Google
+          # Cloud Datastore backups, specify "DATASTORE_BACKUP". [Beta] For
+          # Google Cloud Bigtable, specify "BIGTABLE".
+          #
+          # @return [String]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url
+          #
+          #   csv_table.format #=> "CSV"
+          #
+          def format
+            @gapi.source_format
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Whether the data format is "CSV".
+          #
+          # @return [Boolean]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url
+          #
+          #   csv_table.format #=> "CSV"
+          #   csv_table.csv? #=> true
+          #
+          def csv?
+            @gapi.source_format == "CSV"
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Whether the data format is "NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON".
+          #
+          # @return [Boolean]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   json_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.json"
+          #   json_table = bigquery.external json_url
+          #
+          #   json_table.format #=> "NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON"
+          #   json_table.json? #=> true
+          #
+          def json?
+            @gapi.source_format == "NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON"
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Whether the data format is "GOOGLE_SHEETS".
+          #
+          # @return [Boolean]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   sheets_url = "https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1234567980"
+          #   sheets_table = bigquery.external sheets_url
+          #
+          #   sheets_table.format #=> "GOOGLE_SHEETS"
+          #   sheets_table.sheets? #=> true
+          #
+          def sheets?
+            @gapi.source_format == "GOOGLE_SHEETS"
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Whether the data format is "AVRO".
+          #
+          # @return [Boolean]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   avro_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.avro"
+          #   avro_table = bigquery.external avro_url
+          #
+          #   avro_table.format #=> "AVRO"
+          #   avro_table.avro? #=> true
+          #
+          def avro?
+            @gapi.source_format == "AVRO"
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Whether the data format is "DATASTORE_BACKUP".
+          #
+          # @return [Boolean]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   backup_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.backup_info"
+          #   backup_table = bigquery.external backup_url
+          #
+          #   backup_table.format #=> "DATASTORE_BACKUP"
+          #   backup_table.backup? #=> true
+          #
+          def backup?
+            @gapi.source_format == "DATASTORE_BACKUP"
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Whether the data format is "BIGTABLE".
+          #
+          # @return [Boolean]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+          #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url
+          #
+          #   bigtable_table.format #=> "BIGTABLE"
+          #   bigtable_table.bigtable? #=> true
+          #
+          def bigtable?
+            @gapi.source_format == "BIGTABLE"
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # The fully-qualified URIs that point to your data in Google Cloud.
+          # For Google Cloud Storage URIs: Each URI can contain one '*' wildcard
+          # character and it must come after the 'bucket' name. Size limits
+          # related to load jobs apply to external data sources. For Google
+          # Cloud Bigtable URIs: Exactly one URI can be specified and it has be
+          # a fully specified and valid HTTPS URL for a Google Cloud Bigtable
+          # table. For Google Cloud Datastore backups, exactly one URI can be
+          # specified, and it must end with '.backup_info'. Also, the '*'
+          # wildcard character is not allowed.
+          #
+          # @return [Array<String>]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url
+          #
+          #   csv_table.urls #=> ["gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"]
+          #
+          def urls
+            @gapi.source_uris
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Indicates if the schema and format options are detected
+          # automatically.
+          #
+          # @return [Boolean]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.autodetect = true
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.autodetect #=> true
+          #
+          def autodetect
+            @gapi.autodetect
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Set whether to detect schema and format options automatically. Any
+          # option specified explicitly will be honored.
+          #
+          # @param [Boolean] new_autodetect New autodetect value
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.autodetect = true
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.autodetect #=> true
+          #
+          def autodetect= new_autodetect
+            frozen_check!
+            @gapi.autodetect = new_autodetect
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # The compression type of the data source. Possible values include
+          # `"GZIP"` and `nil`. The default value is `nil`. This setting is
+          # ignored for Google Cloud Bigtable, Google Cloud Datastore backups
+          # and Avro formats. Optional.
+          #
+          # @return [String]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.compression = "GZIP"
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.compression #=> "GZIP"
+          def compression
+            @gapi.compression
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Set the compression type of the data source. Possible values include
+          # `"GZIP"` and `nil`. The default value is `nil`. This setting is
+          # ignored for Google Cloud Bigtable, Google Cloud Datastore backups
+          # and Avro formats. Optional.
+          #
+          # @param [String] new_compression New compression value
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.compression = "GZIP"
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.compression #=> "GZIP"
+          #
+          def compression= new_compression
+            frozen_check!
+            @gapi.compression = new_compression
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Indicates if BigQuery should allow extra values that are not
+          # represented in the table schema. If `true`, the extra values are
+          # ignored. If `false`, records with extra columns are treated as bad
+          # records, and if there are too many bad records, an invalid error is
+          # returned in the job result. The default value is `false`.
+          #
+          # BigQuery treats trailing columns as an extra in `CSV`, named values
+          # that don't match any column names in `JSON`. This setting is ignored
+          # for Google Cloud Bigtable, Google Cloud Datastore backups and Avro
+          # formats. Optional.
+          #
+          # @return [Boolean]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.ignore_unknown = true
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.ignore_unknown #=> true
+          #
+          def ignore_unknown
+            @gapi.ignore_unknown_values
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Set whether BigQuery should allow extra values that are not
+          # represented in the table schema. If `true`, the extra values are
+          # ignored. If `false`, records with extra columns are treated as bad
+          # records, and if there are too many bad records, an invalid error is
+          # returned in the job result. The default value is `false`.
+          #
+          # BigQuery treats trailing columns as an extra in `CSV`, named values
+          # that don't match any column names in `JSON`. This setting is ignored
+          # for Google Cloud Bigtable, Google Cloud Datastore backups and Avro
+          # formats. Optional.
+          #
+          # @param [Boolean] new_ignore_unknown New ignore_unknown value
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.ignore_unknown = true
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.ignore_unknown #=> true
+          #
+          def ignore_unknown= new_ignore_unknown
+            frozen_check!
+            @gapi.ignore_unknown_values = new_ignore_unknown
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # The maximum number of bad records that BigQuery can ignore when
+          # reading data. If the number of bad records exceeds this value, an
+          # invalid error is returned in the job result. The default value is 0,
+          # which requires that all records are valid. This setting is ignored
+          # for Google Cloud Bigtable, Google Cloud Datastore backups and Avro
+          # formats.
+          #
+          # @return [Integer]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.max_bad_records = 10
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.max_bad_records #=> 10
+          #
+          def max_bad_records
+            @gapi.max_bad_records
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Set the maximum number of bad records that BigQuery can ignore when
+          # reading data. If the number of bad records exceeds this value, an
+          # invalid error is returned in the job result. The default value is 0,
+          # which requires that all records are valid. This setting is ignored
+          # for Google Cloud Bigtable, Google Cloud Datastore backups and Avro
+          # formats.
+          #
+          # @param [Integer] new_max_bad_records New max_bad_records value
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.max_bad_records = 10
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.max_bad_records #=> 10
+          #
+          def max_bad_records= new_max_bad_records
+            frozen_check!
+            @gapi.max_bad_records = new_max_bad_records
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # @private Google API Client object.
+          def to_gapi
+            @gapi
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # @private Google API Client object.
+          def self.from_gapi gapi
+            new_table = new
+            new_table.instance_variable_set :@gapi, gapi
+            new_table
+          end
+
+          protected
+
+          def frozen_check!
+            return unless frozen?
+            fail ArgumentError, "Cannot modify external data source when frozen"
+          end
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # # CsvSource
+        #
+        # {External::CsvSource} is a subclass of {External::DataSource} and
+        # represents a CSV external data source that can be queried from
+        # directly, such as Google Cloud Storage or Google Drive, even though
+        # the data is not stored in BigQuery. Instead of loading or streaming
+        # the data, this object references the external data source.
+        #
+        # @example
+        #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+        #
+        #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+        #
+        #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+        #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+        #     csv.autodetect = true
+        #     csv.skip_leading_rows = 1
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   data = bigquery.query "SELECT * FROM my_ext_table",
+        #                         external: { my_ext_table: csv_table }
+        #
+        #   data.each do |row|
+        #     puts row[:name]
+        #   end
+        #
+        class CsvSource < External::DataSource
+          ##
+          # @private Create an empty CsvSource object.
+          def initialize
+            super
+            @gapi.csv_options = Google::Apis::BigqueryV2::CsvOptions.new
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Indicates if BigQuery should accept rows that are missing trailing
+          # optional columns.
+          #
+          # @return [Boolean]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.jagged_rows = true
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.jagged_rows #=> true
+          #
+          def jagged_rows
+            @gapi.csv_options.allow_jagged_rows
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Set whether BigQuery should accept rows that are missing trailing
+          # optional columns.
+          #
+          # @param [Boolean] new_jagged_rows New jagged_rows value
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.jagged_rows = true
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.jagged_rows #=> true
+          #
+          def jagged_rows= new_jagged_rows
+            frozen_check!
+            @gapi.csv_options.allow_jagged_rows = new_jagged_rows
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Indicates if BigQuery should allow quoted data sections that contain
+          # newline characters in a CSV file.
+          #
+          # @return [Boolean]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.quoted_newlines = true
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.quoted_newlines #=> true
+          #
+          def quoted_newlines
+            @gapi.csv_options.allow_quoted_newlines
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Set whether BigQuery should allow quoted data sections that contain
+          # newline characters in a CSV file.
+          #
+          # @param [Boolean] new_quoted_newlines New quoted_newlines value
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.quoted_newlines = true
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.quoted_newlines #=> true
+          #
+          def quoted_newlines= new_quoted_newlines
+            frozen_check!
+            @gapi.csv_options.allow_quoted_newlines = new_quoted_newlines
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # The character encoding of the data.
+          #
+          # @return [String]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.encoding = "UTF-8"
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.encoding #=> "UTF-8"
+          #
+          def encoding
+            @gapi.csv_options.encoding
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Set the character encoding of the data.
+          #
+          # @param [String] new_encoding New encoding value
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.encoding = "UTF-8"
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.encoding #=> "UTF-8"
+          #
+          def encoding= new_encoding
+            frozen_check!
+            @gapi.csv_options.encoding = new_encoding
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Checks if the character encoding of the data is "UTF-8". This is the
+          # default.
+          #
+          # @return [Boolean]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.encoding = "UTF-8"
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.encoding #=> "UTF-8"
+          #   csv_table.utf8? #=> true
+          #
+          def utf8?
+            return true if encoding.nil?
+            encoding == "UTF-8"
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Checks if the character encoding of the data is "ISO-8859-1".
+          #
+          # @return [Boolean]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.encoding = "ISO-8859-1"
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.encoding #=> "ISO-8859-1"
+          #   csv_table.iso8859_1? #=> true
+          #
+          def iso8859_1?
+            encoding == "ISO-8859-1"
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # The separator for fields in a CSV file.
+          #
+          # @return [String]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.delimiter = "|"
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.delimiter #=> "|"
+          #
+          def delimiter
+            @gapi.csv_options.field_delimiter
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Set the separator for fields in a CSV file.
+          #
+          # @param [String] new_delimiter New delimiter value
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.delimiter = "|"
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.delimiter #=> "|"
+          #
+          def delimiter= new_delimiter
+            frozen_check!
+            @gapi.csv_options.field_delimiter = new_delimiter
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # The value that is used to quote data sections in a CSV file.
+          #
+          # @return [String]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.quote = "'"
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.quote #=> "'"
+          #
+          def quote
+            @gapi.csv_options.quote
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Set the value that is used to quote data sections in a CSV file.
+          #
+          # @param [String] new_quote New quote value
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.quote = "'"
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.quote #=> "'"
+          #
+          def quote= new_quote
+            frozen_check!
+            @gapi.csv_options.quote = new_quote
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # The number of rows at the top of a CSV file that BigQuery will skip
+          # when reading the data.
+          #
+          # @return [Integer]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.skip_leading_rows = 1
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.skip_leading_rows #=> 1
+          #
+          def skip_leading_rows
+            @gapi.csv_options.skip_leading_rows
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Set the number of rows at the top of a CSV file that BigQuery will
+          # skip when reading the data.
+          #
+          # @param [Integer] row_count New skip_leading_rows value
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.skip_leading_rows = 1
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_table.skip_leading_rows #=> 1
+          #
+          def skip_leading_rows= row_count
+            frozen_check!
+            @gapi.csv_options.skip_leading_rows = row_count
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # The schema for the data.
+          #
+          # @param [Boolean] replace Whether to replace the existing schema with
+          #   the new schema. If `true`, the fields will replace the existing
+          #   schema. If `false`, the fields will be added to the existing
+          #   schema. The default value is `false`.
+          # @yield [schema] a block for setting the schema
+          # @yieldparam [Schema] schema the object accepting the schema
+          #
+          # @return [Google::Cloud::Bigquery::Schema]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url do |csv|
+          #     csv.schema do |schema|
+          #       schema.string "name", mode: :required
+          #       schema.string "email", mode: :required
+          #       schema.integer "age", mode: :required
+          #       schema.boolean "active", mode: :required
+          #     end
+          #   end
+          #
+          def schema replace: false
+            @schema ||= Schema.from_gapi @gapi.schema
+            if replace
+              frozen_check!
+              @schema = Schema.from_gapi
+            end
+            @schema.freeze if frozen?
+            yield @schema if block_given?
+            @schema
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Set the schema for the data.
+          #
+          # @param [Schema] new_schema The schema object.
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   csv_shema = bigquery.schema do |schema|
+          #     schema.string "name", mode: :required
+          #     schema.string "email", mode: :required
+          #     schema.integer "age", mode: :required
+          #     schema.boolean "active", mode: :required
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   csv_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.csv"
+          #   csv_table = bigquery.external csv_url
+          #   csv_table.schema = csv_shema
+          #
+          def schema= new_schema
+            frozen_check!
+            @schema = new_schema
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # The fields of the schema.
+          #
+          def fields
+            schema.fields
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # The names of the columns in the schema.
+          #
+          def headers
+            schema.headers
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # @private Google API Client object.
+          def to_gapi
+            @gapi.schema = @schema.to_gapi if @schema
+            @gapi
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # @private Google API Client object.
+          def self.from_gapi gapi
+            new_table = super
+            schema = Schema.from_gapi gapi.schema
+            new_table.instance_variable_set :@schema, schema
+            new_table
+          end
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # # JsonSource
+        #
+        # {External::JsonSource} is a subclass of {External::DataSource} and
+        # represents a JSON external data source that can be queried from
+        # directly, such as Google Cloud Storage or Google Drive, even though
+        # the data is not stored in BigQuery. Instead of loading or streaming
+        # the data, this object references the external data source.
+        #
+        # @example
+        #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+        #
+        #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+        #
+        #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+        #
+        #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+        #
+        #   json_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.json"
+        #   json_table = bigquery.external json_url do |json|
+        #     json.schema do |schema|
+        #       schema.string "name", mode: :required
+        #       schema.string "email", mode: :required
+        #       schema.integer "age", mode: :required
+        #       schema.boolean "active", mode: :required
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   data = bigquery.query "SELECT * FROM my_ext_table",
+        #                         external: { my_ext_table: json_table }
+        #
+        #   data.each do |row|
+        #     puts row[:name]
+        #   end
+        #
+        class JsonSource < External::DataSource
+          ##
+          # The schema for the data.
+          #
+          # @param [Boolean] replace Whether to replace the existing schema with
+          #   the new schema. If `true`, the fields will replace the existing
+          #   schema. If `false`, the fields will be added to the existing
+          #   schema. The default value is `false`.
+          # @yield [schema] a block for setting the schema
+          # @yieldparam [Schema] schema the object accepting the schema
+          #
+          # @return [Google::Cloud::Bigquery::Schema]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   json_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.json"
+          #   json_table = bigquery.external json_url do |json|
+          #     json.schema do |schema|
+          #       schema.string "name", mode: :required
+          #       schema.string "email", mode: :required
+          #       schema.integer "age", mode: :required
+          #       schema.boolean "active", mode: :required
+          #     end
+          #   end
+          #
+          def schema replace: false
+            @schema ||= Schema.from_gapi @gapi.schema
+            if replace
+              frozen_check!
+              @schema = Schema.from_gapi
+            end
+            @schema.freeze if frozen?
+            yield @schema if block_given?
+            @schema
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Set the schema for the data.
+          #
+          # @param [Schema] new_schema The schema object.
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   json_shema = bigquery.schema do |schema|
+          #     schema.string "name", mode: :required
+          #     schema.string "email", mode: :required
+          #     schema.integer "age", mode: :required
+          #     schema.boolean "active", mode: :required
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   json_url = "gs://bucket/path/to/data.json"
+          #   json_table = bigquery.external json_url
+          #   json_table.schema = json_shema
+          #
+          def schema= new_schema
+            frozen_check!
+            @schema = new_schema
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # The fields of the schema.
+          #
+          def fields
+            schema.fields
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # The names of the columns in the schema.
+          #
+          def headers
+            schema.headers
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # @private Google API Client object.
+          def to_gapi
+            @gapi.schema = @schema.to_gapi if @schema
+            @gapi
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # @private Google API Client object.
+          def self.from_gapi gapi
+            new_table = super
+            schema = Schema.from_gapi gapi.schema
+            new_table.instance_variable_set :@schema, schema
+            new_table
+          end
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # # SheetsSource
+        #
+        # {External::SheetsSource} is a subclass of {External::DataSource} and
+        # represents a Google Sheets external data source that can be queried
+        # from directly, even though the data is not stored in BigQuery. Instead
+        # of loading or streaming the data, this object references the external
+        # data source.
+        #
+        # @example
+        #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+        #
+        #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+        #
+        #   sheets_url = "https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1234567980"
+        #   sheets_table = bigquery.external sheets_url do |sheets|
+        #     sheets.skip_leading_rows = 1
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   data = bigquery.query "SELECT * FROM my_ext_table",
+        #                         external: { my_ext_table: sheets_table }
+        #
+        #   data.each do |row|
+        #     puts row[:name]
+        #   end
+        #
+        class SheetsSource < External::DataSource
+          ##
+          # @private Create an empty SheetsSource object.
+          def initialize
+            super
+            @gapi.google_sheets_options = \
+              Google::Apis::BigqueryV2::GoogleSheetsOptions.new
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # The number of rows at the top of a sheet that BigQuery will skip
+          # when reading the data. The default value is `0`.
+          #
+          # This property is useful if you have header rows that should be
+          # skipped. When `autodetect` is on, behavior is the following:
+          #
+          # * `nil` - Autodetect tries to detect headers in the first row. If
+          #   they are not detected, the row is read as data. Otherwise data is
+          #   read starting from the second row.
+          # * `0` - Instructs autodetect that there are no headers and data
+          #   should be read starting from the first row.
+          # * `N > 0` - Autodetect skips `N-1` rows and tries to detect headers
+          #   in row `N`. If headers are not detected, row `N` is just skipped.
+          #   Otherwise row `N` is used to extract column names for the detected
+          #   schema.
+          #
+          # @return [Integer]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   sheets_url = "https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1234567980"
+          #   sheets_table = bigquery.external sheets_url do |sheets|
+          #     sheets.skip_leading_rows = 1
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   sheets_table.skip_leading_rows #=> 1
+          #
+          def skip_leading_rows
+            @gapi.google_sheets_options.skip_leading_rows
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Set the number of rows at the top of a sheet that BigQuery will skip
+          # when reading the data.
+          #
+          # @param [Integer] row_count New skip_leading_rows value
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   sheets_url = "https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1234567980"
+          #   sheets_table = bigquery.external sheets_url do |sheets|
+          #     sheets.skip_leading_rows = 1
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   sheets_table.skip_leading_rows #=> 1
+          #
+          def skip_leading_rows= row_count
+            frozen_check!
+            @gapi.google_sheets_options.skip_leading_rows = row_count
+          end
+        end
+
+        ##
+        # # BigtableSource
+        #
+        # {External::BigtableSource} is a subclass of {External::DataSource} and
+        # represents a Bigtable external data source that can be queried from
+        # directly, even though the data is not stored in BigQuery. Instead of
+        # loading or streaming the data, this object references the external
+        # data source.
+        #
+        # @example
+        #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+        #
+        #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+        #
+        #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+        #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+        #     bt.rowkey_as_string = true
+        #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+        #       u.add_string "name"
+        #       u.add_string "email"
+        #       u.add_integer "age"
+        #       u.add_boolean "active"
+        #     end
+        #   end
+        #
+        #   data = bigquery.query "SELECT * FROM my_ext_table",
+        #                         external: { my_ext_table: bigtable_table }
+        #
+        #   data.each do |row|
+        #     puts row[:name]
+        #   end
+        #
+        class BigtableSource < External::DataSource
+          ##
+          # @private Create an empty BigtableSource object.
+          def initialize
+            super
+            @gapi.bigtable_options = \
+              Google::Apis::BigqueryV2::BigtableOptions.new
+            @families = []
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # List of column families to expose in the table schema along with
+          # their types. This list restricts the column families that can be
+          # referenced in queries and specifies their value types. You can use
+          # this list to do type conversions - see
+          # {BigtableSource::ColumnFamily#type} for more details. If you leave
+          # this list empty, all column families are present in the table schema
+          # and their values are read as `BYTES`. During a query only the column
+          # families referenced in that query are read from Bigtable.
+          #
+          # @return [Array<BigtableSource::ColumnFamily>]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+          #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+          #     bt.rowkey_as_string = true
+          #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+          #       u.add_string "name"
+          #       u.add_string "email"
+          #       u.add_integer "age"
+          #       u.add_boolean "active"
+          #     end
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   bigtable_table.families.count #=> 1
+          #
+          def families
+            @families
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Add a column family to expose in the table schema along with its
+          # types. Columns belonging to the column family may also be exposed.
+          #
+          # @param [String] family_id Identifier of the column family. See
+          #   {BigtableSource::ColumnFamily#family_id}.
+          # @param [String] encoding The encoding of the values when the type is
+          #   not `STRING`. See {BigtableSource::ColumnFamily#encoding}.
+          # @param [Boolean] latest Whether only the latest version of value are
+          #   exposed for all columns in this column family. See
+          #   {BigtableSource::ColumnFamily#latest}.
+          # @param [String] type The type to convert the value in cells of this
+          #   column. See {BigtableSource::ColumnFamily#type}.
+          #
+          # @yield [family] a block for setting the family
+          # @yieldparam [BigtableSource::ColumnFamily] family the family object
+          #
+          # @return [BigtableSource::ColumnFamily]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+          #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+          #     bt.rowkey_as_string = true
+          #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+          #       u.add_string "name"
+          #       u.add_string "email"
+          #       u.add_integer "age"
+          #       u.add_boolean "active"
+          #     end
+          #   end
+          #
+          def add_family family_id, encoding: nil, latest: nil, type: nil
+            frozen_check!
+            fam = BigtableSource::ColumnFamily.new
+            fam.family_id = family_id
+            fam.encoding = encoding if encoding
+            fam.latest = latest if latest
+            fam.type = type if type
+            yield fam if block_given?
+            @families << fam
+            fam
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Whether the rowkey column families will be read and converted to
+          # string. Otherwise they are read with `BYTES` type values and users
+          # need to manually cast them with `CAST` if necessary. The default
+          # value is `false`.
+          #
+          # @return [Boolean]
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+          #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+          #     bt.rowkey_as_string = true
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   bigtable_table.rowkey_as_string #=> true
+          #
+          def rowkey_as_string
+            @gapi.bigtable_options.read_rowkey_as_string
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # Set the number of rows at the top of a sheet that BigQuery will skip
+          # when reading the data.
+          #
+          # @param [Boolean] row_rowkey New rowkey_as_string value
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+          #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+          #     bt.rowkey_as_string = true
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   bigtable_table.rowkey_as_string #=> true
+          #
+          def rowkey_as_string= row_rowkey
+            frozen_check!
+            @gapi.bigtable_options.read_rowkey_as_string = row_rowkey
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # @private Google API Client object.
+          def to_gapi
+            @gapi.bigtable_options.column_families = @families.map(&:to_gapi)
+            @gapi
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # @private Google API Client object.
+          def self.from_gapi gapi
+            new_table = super
+            families = Array gapi.bigtable_options.column_families
+            families = families.map do |fam_gapi|
+              BigtableSource::ColumnFamily.from_gapi fam_gapi
+            end
+            new_table.instance_variable_set :@families, families
+            new_table
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # @private
+          def freeze
+            @families.map(&:freeze!)
+            @families.freeze!
+            super
+          end
+
+          protected
+
+          def frozen_check!
+            return unless frozen?
+            fail ArgumentError, "Cannot modify external data source when frozen"
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # # BigtableSource::ColumnFamily
+          #
+          # A Bigtable column family used to expose in the table schema along
+          # with its types and columns.
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+          #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+          #     bt.rowkey_as_string = true
+          #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+          #       u.add_string "name"
+          #       u.add_string "email"
+          #       u.add_integer "age"
+          #       u.add_boolean "active"
+          #     end
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   data = bigquery.query "SELECT * FROM my_ext_table",
+          #                         external: { my_ext_table: bigtable_table }
+          #
+          #   data.each do |row|
+          #     puts row[:name]
+          #   end
+          #
+          class ColumnFamily
+            ##
+            # @private Create an empty BigtableSource::ColumnFamily object.
+            def initialize
+              @gapi = Google::Apis::BigqueryV2::BigtableColumnFamily.new
+              @columns = []
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # The encoding of the values when the type is not `STRING`.
+            #
+            # @return [String]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.encoding = "UTF-8"
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            #   bigtable_table.families[0].encoding #=> "UTF-8"
+            #
+            def encoding
+              @gapi.encoding
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Set the encoding of the values when the type is not `STRING`.
+            # Acceptable encoding values are:
+            #
+            # * `TEXT` - indicates values are alphanumeric text strings.
+            # * `BINARY` - indicates values are encoded using HBase
+            #   `Bytes.toBytes` family of functions. This can be overridden on a
+            #   column.
+            #
+            # @param [String] new_encoding New encoding value
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.encoding = "UTF-8"
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            #   bigtable_table.families[0].encoding #=> "UTF-8"
+            #
+            def encoding= new_encoding
+              frozen_check!
+              @gapi.encoding = new_encoding
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Identifier of the column family.
+            #
+            # @return [String]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user"
+            #   end
+            #
+            #   bigtable_table.families[0].family_id #=> "user"
+            #
+            def family_id
+              @gapi.family_id
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Set the identifier of the column family.
+            #
+            # @param [String] new_family_id New family_id value
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user"
+            #   end
+            #
+            #   bigtable_table.families[0].family_id #=> "user"
+            #   bigtable_table.families[0].family_id = "User"
+            #   bigtable_table.families[0].family_id #=> "User"
+            #
+            def family_id= new_family_id
+              frozen_check!
+              @gapi.family_id = new_family_id
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Whether only the latest version of value are exposed for all
+            # columns in this column family.
+            #
+            # @return [Boolean]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.latest = true
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            #   bigtable_table.families[0].latest #=> true
+            #
+            def latest
+              @gapi.only_read_latest
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Set whether only the latest version of value are exposed for all
+            # columns in this column family.
+            #
+            # @param [Boolean] new_latest New latest value
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.latest = true
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            #   bigtable_table.families[0].latest #=> true
+            #
+            def latest= new_latest
+              frozen_check!
+              @gapi.only_read_latest = new_latest
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # The type to convert the value in cells of this column family. The
+            # values are expected to be encoded using HBase `Bytes.toBytes`
+            # function when using the `BINARY` encoding value. The following
+            # BigQuery types are allowed:
+            #
+            # * `BYTES`
+            # * `STRING`
+            # * `INTEGER`
+            # * `FLOAT`
+            # * `BOOLEAN`
+            #
+            # Default type is `BYTES`. This can be overridden on a column.
+            #
+            # @return [String]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.type = "STRING"
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            #   bigtable_table.families[0].type #=> "STRING"
+            #
+            def type
+              @gapi.type
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Set the type to convert the value in cells of this column family.
+            # The values are expected to be encoded using HBase `Bytes.toBytes`
+            # function when using the `BINARY` encoding value. The following
+            # BigQuery types are allowed:
+            #
+            # * `BYTES`
+            # * `STRING`
+            # * `INTEGER`
+            # * `FLOAT`
+            # * `BOOLEAN`
+            #
+            # Default type is `BYTES`. This can be overridden on a column.
+            #
+            # @param [String] new_type New type value
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.type = "STRING"
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            #   bigtable_table.families[0].type #=> "STRING"
+            #
+            def type= new_type
+              frozen_check!
+              @gapi.type = new_type
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Lists of columns that should be exposed as individual fields.
+            #
+            # @return [Array<BigtableSource::Column>]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.rowkey_as_string = true
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_string "name"
+            #       u.add_string "email"
+            #       u.add_integer "age"
+            #       u.add_boolean "active"
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            #   bigtable_table.families[0].columns.count #=> 4
+            #
+            def columns
+              @columns
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Add a column to the column family to expose in the table schema
+            # along with its types.
+            #
+            # @param [String] qualifier Qualifier of the column. See
+            #   {BigtableSource::Column#qualifier}.
+            # @param [String] as A valid identifier to be used as the column
+            #   field name if the qualifier is not a valid BigQuery field
+            #   identifier (i.e. does not match `[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*`). See
+            #   {BigtableSource::Column#field_name}.
+            # @param [String] type The type to convert the value in cells of
+            #   this column. See {BigtableSource::Column#type}. The following
+            #   BigQuery types are allowed:
+            #
+            # * `BYTES`
+            # * `STRING`
+            # * `INTEGER`
+            # * `FLOAT`
+            # * `BOOLEAN`
+            #
+            # @yield [column] a block for setting the column
+            # @yieldparam [BigtableSource::Column] column the column object
+            #
+            # @return [Array<BigtableSource::Column>]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.rowkey_as_string = true
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_column "name", type: "STRING"
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def add_column qualifier, as: nil, type: nil
+              frozen_check!
+              col = BigtableSource::Column.new
+              col.qualifier = qualifier
+              col.field_name = as if as
+              col.type = type if type
+              yield col if block_given?
+              @columns << col
+              col
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Add a column to the column family to expose in the table schema
+            # that is specified as the `BYTES` type.
+            #
+            # @param [String] qualifier Qualifier of the column. See
+            #   {BigtableSource::Column#qualifier}.
+            # @param [String] as A valid identifier to be used as the column
+            #   field name if the qualifier is not a valid BigQuery field
+            #   identifier (i.e. does not match `[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*`). See
+            #   {BigtableSource::Column#field_name}.
+            #
+            # @yield [column] a block for setting the column
+            # @yieldparam [BigtableSource::Column] column the column object
+            #
+            # @return [Array<BigtableSource::Column>]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.rowkey_as_string = true
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_bytes "avatar"
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def add_bytes qualifier, as: nil
+              col = add_column qualifier, as: as, type: "BYTES"
+              yield col if block_given?
+              col
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Add a column to the column family to expose in the table schema
+            # that is specified as the `STRING` type.
+            #
+            # @param [String] qualifier Qualifier of the column. See
+            #   {BigtableSource::Column#qualifier}.
+            # @param [String] as A valid identifier to be used as the column
+            #   field name if the qualifier is not a valid BigQuery field
+            #   identifier (i.e. does not match `[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*`). See
+            #   {BigtableSource::Column#field_name}.
+            #
+            # @yield [column] a block for setting the column
+            # @yieldparam [BigtableSource::Column] column the column object
+            #
+            # @return [Array<BigtableSource::Column>]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.rowkey_as_string = true
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_string "name"
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def add_string qualifier, as: nil
+              col = add_column qualifier, as: as, type: "STRING"
+              yield col if block_given?
+              col
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Add a column to the column family to expose in the table schema
+            # that is specified as the `INTEGER` type.
+            #
+            # @param [String] qualifier Qualifier of the column. See
+            #   {BigtableSource::Column#qualifier}.
+            # @param [String] as A valid identifier to be used as the column
+            #   field name if the qualifier is not a valid BigQuery field
+            #   identifier (i.e. does not match `[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*`). See
+            #   {BigtableSource::Column#field_name}.
+            #
+            # @yield [column] a block for setting the column
+            # @yieldparam [BigtableSource::Column] column the column object
+            #
+            # @return [Array<BigtableSource::Column>]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.rowkey_as_string = true
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_integer "age"
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def add_integer qualifier, as: nil
+              col = add_column qualifier, as: as, type: "INTEGER"
+              yield col if block_given?
+              col
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Add a column to the column family to expose in the table schema
+            # that is specified as the `FLOAT` type.
+            #
+            # @param [String] qualifier Qualifier of the column. See
+            #   {BigtableSource::Column#qualifier}.
+            # @param [String] as A valid identifier to be used as the column
+            #   field name if the qualifier is not a valid BigQuery field
+            #   identifier (i.e. does not match `[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*`). See
+            #   {BigtableSource::Column#field_name}.
+            #
+            # @yield [column] a block for setting the column
+            # @yieldparam [BigtableSource::Column] column the column object
+            #
+            # @return [Array<BigtableSource::Column>]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.rowkey_as_string = true
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_float "score"
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def add_float qualifier, as: nil
+              col = add_column qualifier, as: as, type: "FLOAT"
+              yield col if block_given?
+              col
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Add a column to the column family to expose in the table schema
+            # that is specified as the `BOOLEAN` type.
+            #
+            # @param [String] qualifier Qualifier of the column. See
+            #   {BigtableSource::Column#qualifier}.
+            # @param [String] as A valid identifier to be used as the column
+            #   field name if the qualifier is not a valid BigQuery field
+            #   identifier (i.e. does not match `[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*`). See
+            #   {BigtableSource::Column#field_name}.
+            #
+            # @yield [column] a block for setting the column
+            # @yieldparam [BigtableSource::Column] column the column object
+            #
+            # @return [Array<BigtableSource::Column>]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.rowkey_as_string = true
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_boolean "active"
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def add_boolean qualifier, as: nil
+              col = add_column qualifier, as: as, type: "BOOLEAN"
+              yield col if block_given?
+              col
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # @private Google API Client object.
+            def to_gapi
+              @gapi.columns = @columns.map(&:to_gapi)
+              @gapi
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # @private Google API Client object.
+            def self.from_gapi gapi
+              new_fam = new
+              new_fam.instance_variable_set :@gapi, gapi
+              columns = Array(gapi.columns).map do |col_gapi|
+                BigtableSource::Column.from_gapi col_gapi
+              end
+              new_fam.instance_variable_set :@columns, columns
+              new_fam
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # @private
+            def freeze
+              @columns.map(&:freeze!)
+              @columns.freeze!
+              super
+            end
+
+            protected
+
+            def frozen_check!
+              return unless frozen?
+              fail ArgumentError,
+                   "Cannot modify external data source when frozen"
+            end
+          end
+
+          ##
+          # # BigtableSource::Column
+          #
+          # A Bigtable column to expose in the table schema along with its
+          # types.
+          #
+          # @example
+          #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+          #
+          #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+          #
+          #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+          #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+          #     bt.rowkey_as_string = true
+          #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+          #       u.add_string "name"
+          #       u.add_string "email"
+          #       u.add_integer "age"
+          #       u.add_boolean "active"
+          #     end
+          #   end
+          #
+          #   data = bigquery.query "SELECT * FROM my_ext_table",
+          #                         external: { my_ext_table: bigtable_table }
+          #
+          #   data.each do |row|
+          #     puts row[:name]
+          #   end
+          #
+          class Column
+            ##
+            # @private Create an empty BigtableSource::Column object.
+            def initialize
+              @gapi = Google::Apis::BigqueryV2::BigtableColumn.new
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Qualifier of the column. Columns in the parent column family that
+            # has this exact qualifier are exposed as `.` field. If the
+            # qualifier is valid UTF-8 string, it will be represented as a UTF-8
+            # string. Otherwise, it will represented as a ASCII-8BIT string.
+            #
+            # If the qualifier is not a valid BigQuery field identifier (does
+            # not match `[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*`) a valid identifier must be
+            # provided as `field_name`.
+            #
+            # @return [String]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_string "name" do |col|
+            #         col.qualifier # "user"
+            #         col.qualifier = "User"
+            #         col.qualifier # "User"
+            #       end
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def qualifier
+              @gapi.qualifier_string || \
+                Base64.strict_decode64(@gapi.qualifier_encoded.to_s)
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Set the qualifier of the column. Columns in the parent column
+            # family that has this exact qualifier are exposed as `.` field.
+            # Values that are valid UTF-8 strings will be treated as such. All
+            # other values will be treated as `BINARY`.
+            #
+            # @param [String] new_qualifier New qualifier value
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_string "name" do |col|
+            #         col.qualifier # "user"
+            #         col.qualifier = "User"
+            #         col.qualifier # "User"
+            #       end
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def qualifier= new_qualifier
+              frozen_check!
+              fail ArgumentError if new_qualifier.nil?
+
+              utf8_qualifier = new_qualifier.encode Encoding::UTF_8
+              if utf8_qualifier.valid_encoding?
+                @gapi.qualifier_string = utf8_qualifier
+                if @gapi.instance_variables.include? :@qualifier_encoded
+                  @gapi.remove_instance_variable :@qualifier_encoded
+                end
+              else
+                @gapi.qualifier_encoded = Base64.strict_encode64 new_qualifier
+                if @gapi.instance_variables.include? :@qualifier_string
+                  @gapi.remove_instance_variable :@qualifier_string
+                end
+              end
+            rescue EncodingError
+              @gapi.qualifier_encoded = Base64.strict_encode64 new_qualifier
+              if @gapi.instance_variables.include? :@qualifier_string
+                @gapi.remove_instance_variable :@qualifier_string
+              end
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # The encoding of the values when the type is not `STRING`.
+            #
+            # @return [String]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_bytes "name" do |col|
+            #         col.encoding = "TEXT"
+            #         col.encoding # "TEXT"
+            #       end
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def encoding
+              @gapi.encoding
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Set the encoding of the values when the type is not `STRING`.
+            # Acceptable encoding values are:
+            #
+            # * `TEXT` - indicates values are alphanumeric text strings.
+            # * `BINARY` - indicates values are encoded using HBase
+            #   `Bytes.toBytes` family of functions. This can be overridden on a
+            #   column.
+            #
+            # @param [String] new_encoding New encoding value
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_bytes "name" do |col|
+            #         col.encoding = "TEXT"
+            #         col.encoding # "TEXT"
+            #       end
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def encoding= new_encoding
+              frozen_check!
+              @gapi.encoding = new_encoding
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # If the qualifier is not a valid BigQuery field identifier  (does
+            # not match `[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*`) a valid identifier must be
+            # provided as the column field name and is used as field name in
+            # queries.
+            #
+            # @return [String]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_string "001_name", as: "user" do |col|
+            #         col.field_name # "user"
+            #         col.field_name = "User"
+            #         col.field_name # "User"
+            #       end
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def field_name
+              @gapi.field_name
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Sets the identifier to be used as the column field name in queries
+            # when the qualifier is not a valid BigQuery field identifier  (does
+            # not match `[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*`).
+            #
+            # @param [String] new_field_name New field_name value
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_string "001_name", as: "user" do |col|
+            #         col.field_name # "user"
+            #         col.field_name = "User"
+            #         col.field_name # "User"
+            #       end
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def field_name= new_field_name
+              frozen_check!
+              @gapi.field_name = new_field_name
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Whether only the latest version of value in this column are
+            # exposed. Can also be set at the column family level. However, this
+            # value takes precedence when set at both levels.
+            #
+            # @return [Boolean]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_string "name" do |col|
+            #         col.latest = true
+            #         col.latest # true
+            #       end
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def latest
+              @gapi.only_read_latest
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Set whether only the latest version of value in this column are
+            # exposed. Can also be set at the column family level. However, this
+            # value takes precedence when set at both levels.
+            #
+            # @param [Boolean] new_latest New latest value
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_string "name" do |col|
+            #         col.latest = true
+            #         col.latest # true
+            #       end
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def latest= new_latest
+              frozen_check!
+              @gapi.only_read_latest = new_latest
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # The type to convert the value in cells of this column. The values
+            # are expected to be encoded using HBase `Bytes.toBytes` function
+            # when using the `BINARY` encoding value. The following BigQuery
+            # types are allowed:
+            #
+            # * `BYTES`
+            # * `STRING`
+            # * `INTEGER`
+            # * `FLOAT`
+            # * `BOOLEAN`
+            #
+            # Default type is `BYTES`. Can also be set at the column family
+            # level. However, this value takes precedence when set at both
+            # levels.
+            #
+            # @return [String]
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_string "name" do |col|
+            #         col.type # "STRING"
+            #       end
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def type
+              @gapi.type
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # Set the type to convert the value in cells of this column. The
+            # values are expected to be encoded using HBase `Bytes.toBytes`
+            # function when using the `BINARY` encoding value. The following
+            # BigQuery types are allowed:
+            #
+            # * `BYTES`
+            # * `STRING`
+            # * `INTEGER`
+            # * `FLOAT`
+            # * `BOOLEAN`
+            #
+            # Default type is `BYTES`. Can also be set at the column family
+            # level. However, this value takes precedence when set at both
+            # levels.
+            #
+            # @param [String] new_type New type value
+            #
+            # @example
+            #   require "google/cloud/bigquery"
+            #
+            #   bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new
+            #
+            #   bigtable_url = "https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/..."
+            #   bigtable_table = bigquery.external bigtable_url do |bt|
+            #     bt.add_family "user" do |u|
+            #       u.add_string "name" do |col|
+            #         col.type # "STRING"
+            #         col.type = "BYTES"
+            #         col.type # "BYTES"
+            #       end
+            #     end
+            #   end
+            #
+            def type= new_type
+              frozen_check!
+              @gapi.type = new_type
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # @private Google API Client object.
+            def to_gapi
+              @gapi
+            end
+
+            ##
+            # @private Google API Client object.
+            def self.from_gapi gapi
+              new_col = new
+              new_col.instance_variable_set :@gapi, gapi
+              new_col
+            end
+
+            protected
+
+            def frozen_check!
+              return unless frozen?
+              fail ArgumentError,
+                   "Cannot modify external data source when frozen"
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end