gmp 0.5.41 → 0.5.47

data/test/tc_z_gcd_lcm_invert.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require './test_helper'
+require File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'test_helper'))
 
 class TC_Z_GCD_LCM_Invert < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def setup

data/test/tc_z_jac_leg_rem.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require './test_helper'
+require File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'test_helper'))
 
 class TC_Z_Jacobi_Legendre_Remove < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def setup

data/test/tc_z_logic.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require './test_helper'
+require File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'test_helper'))
 
 class TC_Z_Logic < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def setup

data/test/tc_z_shifts_last_bits.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require './test_helper'
+require File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'test_helper'))
 
 class TC_shifts_last_bits < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def setup

data/test/tc_z_submul.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require './test_helper'
+require File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'test_helper'))
 
 # Tested: [Z op (Z,Z), Z op (Z,Fixnum), Z op (Z,Bignum),
 #          Z op (Fixnum,Z), Z op (Fixnum,Fixnum), Z op (Fixnum,Bignum)

data/test/tc_z_to_dis.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require './test_helper'
+require File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'test_helper'))
 
 class TC_to_i_to_d < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def setup

data/test/tc_zerodivisionexceptions.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require './test_helper'
+require File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'test_helper'))
 
 class TC_ZeroDivisionExceptions < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def setup

data/test/test_helper.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 require 'test/unit'
-require './test_unit/assertions'  # Monkey patch
+require File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'test_unit', 'assertions'))
+#require './test_unit/assertions'  # Monkey patch
 require 'rbconfig'
 
 ENV['PATH'] = [File.expand_path(

data/test/unit_tests.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
 
-require './test_helper'
+#require './test_helper'
 
 require './tc_constants'
 require './tc_division'

metadata

@@ -1,149 +1,130 @@
---- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification 
+--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: gmp
-version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version 
-  hash: 89
-  prerelease: false
-  segments: 
-  - 0
-  - 5
-  - 41
-  version: 0.5.41
+version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+  version: 0.5.47
+  prerelease: 
 platform: ruby
-authors: 
+authors:
 - Tomasz Wegrzanowski
 - srawlins
 autorequire: 
 bindir: bin
 cert_chain: []
-
-date: 2010-11-17 00:00:00 -07:00
+date: 2011-11-10 00:00:00.000000000 -07:00
 default_executable: 
 dependencies: []
-
 description: gmp - providing Ruby bindings to the GMP library.
-email: 
+email:
 - Tomasz.Wegrzanowski@gmail.com
 - sam.rawlins@gmail.com
 executables: []
-
-extensions: 
+extensions:
 - ext/extconf.rb
 extra_rdoc_files: []
-
-files: 
-- ext/gmp.c
+files:
 - ext/gmpbench_timing.c
-- ext/gmpf.c
-- ext/gmpq.c
 - ext/gmprandstate.c
+- ext/gmp.c
+- ext/gmpq.c
 - ext/gmpz.c
 - ext/mprnd.c
-- ext/gmpf.h
-- ext/gmpq.h
-- ext/gmpz.h
-- ext/mprnd.h
+- ext/gmpf.c
 - ext/ruby_gmp.h
 - ext/takeover.h
+- ext/gmpz.h
+- ext/gmpf.h
+- ext/mprnd.h
+- ext/gmpq.h
 - ext/extconf.rb
 - lib/gmp.rb
-- test/gmp_tgcd.rb
-- test/mpfr_tcbrt.rb
-- test/mpfr_tconst_euler.rb
-- test/mpfr_tisnan.rb
+- test/tc_z_addmul.rb
 - test/mpfr_trec_sqrt.rb
-- test/mpfr_tsqrt.rb
-- test/tc_cmp.rb
-- test/tc_constants.rb
-- test/tc_division.rb
-- test/tc_fib_fac_nextprime.rb
-- test/tc_floor_ceil_truncate.rb
+- test/tc_swap.rb
 - test/tc_f_arithmetics_coersion.rb
-- test/tc_f_precision.rb
-- test/tc_hashes.rb
 - test/tc_logical_roots.rb
-- test/tc_mpfr_constants.rb
-- test/tc_mpfr_functions.rb
-- test/tc_mpfr_random.rb
-- test/tc_mpfr_rounding.rb
-- test/tc_q.rb
-- test/tc_q_basic.rb
 - test/tc_random.rb
-- test/tc_sgn_neg_abs.rb
-- test/tc_swap.rb
+- test/test-21.rb
+- test/tc_z_submul.rb
+- test/tc_constants.rb
+- test/tc_mpfr_random.rb
+- test/mpfr_tcbrt.rb
 - test/tc_z.rb
 - test/tc_zerodivisionexceptions.rb
-- test/tc_z_addmul.rb
-- test/tc_z_basic.rb
-- test/tc_z_exponentiation.rb
-- test/tc_z_functional_mappings.rb
-- test/tc_z_gcd_lcm_invert.rb
-- test/tc_z_jac_leg_rem.rb
-- test/tc_z_logic.rb
 - test/tc_z_shifts_last_bits.rb
-- test/tc_z_submul.rb
-- test/tc_z_to_dis.rb
+- test/tc_mpfr_constants.rb
+- test/test_helper.rb
+- test/tc_cmp.rb
+- test/tc_q.rb
+- test/tc_z_functional_mappings.rb
+- test/mpfr_tconst_euler.rb
 - test/test-20.rb
-- test/test-21.rb
+- test/tc_z_to_dis.rb
+- test/mpfr_tisnan.rb
+- test/tc_z_jac_leg_rem.rb
+- test/tc_hashes.rb
+- test/tc_floor_ceil_truncate.rb
+- test/tc_mpfr_rounding.rb
+- test/tc_z_basic.rb
+- test/gmp_tgcd.rb
+- test/tc_z_exponentiation.rb
+- test/tc_q_basic.rb
+- test/mpfr_tsqrt.rb
 - test/test-22.rb
+- test/tc_sgn_neg_abs.rb
 - test/test-23.rb
-- test/test_helper.rb
 - test/unit_tests.rb
+- test/tc_mpfr_functions.rb
+- test/tc_f_precision.rb
+- test/tc_z_gcd_lcm_invert.rb
+- test/tc_z_logic.rb
+- test/tc_division.rb
+- test/tc_fib_fac_nextprime.rb
 - test/README
 - test/test_unit/assertions.rb
-- benchmark/COPYING
-- benchmark/divide
-- benchmark/gcd
+- benchmark/rsa
 - benchmark/gexpr.c
+- benchmark/COPYING
 - benchmark/multiply
-- benchmark/multiply.fnl
-- benchmark/multiply.gc
 - benchmark/pi
+- benchmark/version
+- benchmark/srb.sh
+- benchmark/gcd
+- benchmark/divide
 - benchmark/README
-- benchmark/rsa
+- benchmark/multiply.gc
+- benchmark/multiply.fnl
 - benchmark/runbench
-- benchmark/srb.sh
-- benchmark/version
 - CHANGELOG
 - INSTALL
-- README.rdoc
+- README.html
+- README.markdown
 - manual.pdf
 - manual.tex
 - FEATURES.html
-has_rdoc: yard
+has_rdoc: true
 homepage: http://github.com/srawlins/gmp
 licenses: []
-
 post_install_message: 
 rdoc_options: []
-
-require_paths: 
+require_paths:
 - lib
-required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement 
+required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   none: false
-  requirements: 
-  - - ">="
-    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version 
-      hash: 59
-      segments: 
-      - 1
-      - 8
-      - 6
+  requirements:
+  - - ! '>='
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
       version: 1.8.6
-required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement 
+required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   none: false
-  requirements: 
-  - - ">="
-    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version 
-      hash: 3
-      segments: 
-      - 0
-      version: "0"
-requirements: 
+  requirements:
+  - - ! '>='
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+requirements:
 - GMP compiled and working properly.
 rubyforge_project: 
-rubygems_version: 1.3.7
+rubygems_version: 1.6.2
 signing_key: 
 specification_version: 3
 summary: Provides Ruby bindings to the GMP library.
 test_files: []
-

data/README.rdoc

@@ -1,450 +0,0 @@
-=gmp
-
-gmp is library providing Ruby bindings to GMP library. Here is the introduction
-paragraph at http://gmplib.org/#WHAT :
-
-* "GMP is a free library for arbitrary precision arithmetic, operating on
-  signed integers, rational numbers, and floating point numbers. There is no
-  practical limit to the precision except the ones implied by the available
-  memory in the machine GMP runs on. GMP has a rich set of functions, and the
-  functions have a regular interface.
-
-* The main target applications for GMP are cryptography applications and
-  research, Internet security applications, algebra systems, computational
-  algebra research, etc.
-
-* GMP is carefully designed to be as fast as possible, both for small operands
-  and for huge operands. The speed is achieved by using fullwords as the basic
-  arithmetic type, by using fast algorithms, with highly optimised assembly
-  code for the most common inner loops for a lot of CPUs, and by a general
-  emphasis on speed.
-
-* GMP is faster than any other bignum library. The advantage for GMP increases
-  with the operand sizes for many operations, since GMP uses asymptotically
-  faster algorithms.
-
-* The first GMP release was made in 1991. It is continually developed and
-  maintained, with a new release about once a year.
-
-* GMP is distributed under the GNU LGPL. This license makes the library free to
-  use, share, and improve, and allows you to pass on the result. The license
-  gives freedoms, but also sets firm restrictions on the use with non-free
-  programs.
-
-* GMP is part of the GNU project. For more information about the GNU project,
-  please see the official GNU web site.
-
-* GMP's main target platforms are Unix-type systems, such as GNU/Linux,
-  Solaris, HP-UX, Mac OS X/Darwin, BSD, AIX, etc. It also is known to work on
-  Windoze in 32-bit mode.
-
-* GMP is brought to you by a team listed in the manual.
-
-* GMP is carefully developed and maintained, both technically and legally. We
-  of course inspect and test contributed code carefully, but equally
-  importantly we make sure we have the legal right to distribute the
-  contributions, meaning users can safely use GMP. To achieve this, we will ask
-  contributors to sign paperwork where they allow us to distribute their work."
-
-Only GMP 4 or newer is supported. The following environments have been tested
-by me: gmp gem 0.5.41 on:
-  +-----------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+
-  |    Platform                             |        Ruby        |     GMP (MPFR)    |
-  +-----------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+
-  | Linux (Ubuntu NR 10.04) on x86 (32-bit) | (MRI) Ruby 1.8.7   | GMP 4.3.1 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.8.7   | GMP 4.3.2 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.8.7   | GMP 5.0.1 (3.0.0) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.1   | GMP 4.3.1 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.1   | GMP 4.3.2 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.1   | GMP 5.0.1 (3.0.0) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.2   | GMP 4.3.1 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.8.7   | GMP 4.3.2 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.8.7   | GMP 5.0.1 (3.0.0) |
-  +-----------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+
-  | Linux (Ubuntu 10.04) on x86_64 (64-bit) | (MRI) Ruby 1.8.7   | GMP 4.3.2 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.8.7   | GMP 5.0.1 (3.0.0) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.1   | GMP 4.3.2 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.1   | GMP 5.0.1 (3.0.0) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.2   | GMP 4.3.2 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.2   | GMP 5.0.1 (3.0.0) |
-  |                                         | (RBX) Rubinius 1.1 | GMP 4.3.2 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (RBX) Rubinius 1.1 | GMP 5.0.1 (3.0.0) |
-  +-----------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+
-  | Mac OS X 10.6.4 on x86_64 (64-bit)      | (MRI) Ruby 1.8.7   | GMP 4.3.2 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.8.7   | GMP 5.0.1 (3.0.0) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.1   | GMP 4.3.2 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.1   | GMP 5.0.1 (3.0.0) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.2   | GMP 4.3.2 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.2   | GMP 5.0.1 (3.0.0) |
-  |                                         | (RBX) Rubinius 1.1 | GMP 4.3.2 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (RBX) Rubinius 1.1 | GMP 5.0.1 (3.0.0) |
-  +-----------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+
-  | Windows 7 on x86_64 (64-bit)            | (MRI) Ruby 1.8.7   | GMP 4.3.2 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.8.7   | GMP 5.0.1 (3.0.0) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.1   | GMP 4.3.2 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.1   | GMP 5.0.1 (3.0.0) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.2   | GMP 4.3.2 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.2   | GMP 5.0.1 (3.0.0) |
-  +-----------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+
-  | Windows XP on x86 (32-bit)              | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.1   | GMP 4.3.2 (2.4.2) |
-  |                                         | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.1   | GMP 5.0.1 (3.0.0) |
-  +-----------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+
-
-=Authors
-
-* Tomasz Wegrzanowski
-* srawlins
-
-=Constants
-
-The GMP module includes the following constants. Mathematical constants, such
-as pi, are defined under class methods of GMP::F, listed below.
-
-  GMP::GMP_VERSION        #=> A string like "5.0.1"
-  GMP::GMP_CC             #=> The compiler used to compile GMP
-  GMP::GMP_CFLAGS         #=> The CFLAGS used to compile GMP
-  GMP::GMP_BITS_PER_LIMB  #=> The number of bits per limb
-  GMP::GMP_NUMB_MAX       #=> The maximum value that can be stored in the number part of a limb
-  (if MPFR is available)
-  GMP::MPFR_VERSION       #=> A string like "2.4.2"
-  GMP::MPFR_PREC_MIN      #=> The minimum precision available
-  GMP::MPFR_PREC_MAX      #=> The maximum precision available
-  GMP::GMP_RNDN           #=> The constant representing "round to nearest"
-  GMP::GMP_RNDZ           #=> The constant representing "round toward zero"
-  GMP::GMP_RNDU           #=> The constant representing "round toward plus infinity"
-  GMP::GMP_RNDD           #=> The constant representing "round toward minus infinity"
-  New in MPFR 3.0.0:
-  GMP::MPFR_RNDN
-  GMP::MPFR_RNDZ
-  GMP::MPFR_RNDU
-  GMP::MPFR_RNDD
-  GMP::MPFR_RNDA          #=> The constant representing "round away from zero"
-
-=Classes
-
-The GMP module is provided with following classes:
-* GMP::Z - infinite precision integer numbers
-* GMP::Q - infinite precision rational numbers
-* GMP::F - arbitrary precision floating point numbers
-* GMP::RandState - states of individual random number generators
-
-Numbers are created by using new().
-Constructors can take following arguments:
-
-  GMP::Z.new()
-  GMP::Z.new(GMP::Z)
-  GMP::Z.new(Fixnum)
-  GMP::Z.new(Bignum)
-  GMP::Z.new(String)
-  GMP::Q.new()
-  GMP::Q.new(GMP::Q)
-  GMP::Q.new(String)
-  GMP::Q.new(any GMP::Z initializer)
-  GMP::Q.new(any GMP::Z initializer, any GMP::Z initializer)
-  GMP::F.new()
-  GMP::F.new(GMP::Z, precision=0)
-  GMP::F.new(GMP::Q, precision=0)
-  GMP::F.new(GMP::F)
-  GMP::F.new(GMP::F, precision)
-  GMP::F.new(String, precision=0)
-  GMP::F.new(Fixnum, precision=0)
-  GMP::F.new(Bignum, precision=0)
-  GMP::F.new(Float,  precision=0)
-  GMP::RandState.new([algorithm] [, algorithm_args])
-
-You can also call them as:
-  GMP.Z(args)
-  GMP.Q(args)
-  GMP.F(args)
-  GMP.RandState()
-
-=Methods
-
-  GMP::Z, GMP::Q and GMP::F
-    +                        addition
-    -                        substraction
-    *                        multiplication
-    /                        division
-    to_s                     convert to string. For GMP::Z, this method takes
-                             one optional argument, a base. The base can be a
-                             Fixnum in the ranges [2, 62] or [-36, -2] or a
-                             Symbol: :bin, :oct, :dec, or :hex.
-    -@                       negation
-    neg!                     in-place negation
-    abs                      absolute value
-    asb!                     in-place absolute value
-    coerce                   promotion of arguments
-    ==                       equality test
-    <=>,>=,>,<=,<            comparisions
-  class methods of GMP::Z
-    fac(n)                   factorial of n
-    fib(n)                   nth fibonacci number
-    pow(n,m)                 n to mth power
-  GMP::Z and GMP::Q
-    swap                     efficiently swap contents of two objects, there
-                             is no GMP::F.swap because various GMP::F objects
-                             may have different precisions, which would make
-                             them unswapable
-  GMP::Z
-    to_i                     convert to Fixnum or Bignum
-    add!                     in-place addition
-    sub!                     in-place subtraction
-    addmul!(b,c)             in-place += b*c
-    submul!(b,c)             in-place -= b*c
-    tdiv,fdiv,cdiv           truncate, floor and ceil division
-    tmod,fmod,cmod           truncate, floor and ceil modulus
-    >>                       shift right, floor
-    divisible?(b)            true if divisible by b
-    **                       power
-    powmod                   power modulo
-    [],[]=                   testing and setting bits (as booleans)
-    scan0,scan1              starting at bitnr (1st arg), scan for a 0 or 1
-                             (respectively), then return the index of the
-                             first instance.
-    cmpabs                   comparison of absolute value
-    com                      2's complement
-    com!                     in-place 2's complement
-    &,|,^                    logical operations: and, or, xor
-    even?                    is even
-    odd?                     is odd
-    <<                       shift left
-    tshr                     shift right, truncate
-    lastbits_pos(n)          last n bits of object, modulo if negative
-    lastbits_sgn(n)          last n bits of object, preserve sign
-    power?                   is perfect power
-    square?                  is perfect square
-    sqrt                     square root
-    sqrt!                    change the object into its square root
-    sqrtrem                  square root, remainder
-    root(n)                  nth root
-    probab_prime?            0 if composite, 1 if probably prime, 2 if
-                             certainly prime
-    nextprime                next *probable* prime
-    nextprime!               change the object into its next *probable* prime
-    gcd, gcdext              greatest common divisor
-    invert(m)                invert mod m
-    jacobi                   jacobi symbol
-    legendre                 legendre symbol
-    remove(n)                remove all occurences of factor n
-    popcount                 the number of bits equal to 1
-    sizeinbase(b)            digits in base b
-    size_in_bin              digits in binary
-    size                     number of limbs
-  GMP::Q
-    num                      numerator
-    den                      denominator
-    inv                      inversion
-    inv!                     in-place inversion
-    floor,ceil,trunc         nearest integer
-  class methods of GMP::F
-    default_prec             get default precision
-    default_prec=            set default precision
-  GMP::F
-    prec                     get precision
-    floor,ceil,trunc         nearest integer, GMP::F is returned, not GMP::Z
-    floor!,ceil!,trunc!      in-place nearest integer
-  GMP::RandState
-    seed(integer)            seed the generator with a Fixnum or GMP::Z
-    urandomb(fixnum)         get uniformly distributed random number between 0
-                             and 2^fixnum-1, inclusive
-    urandomm(integer)        get uniformly distributed random number between 0
-                             and integer-1, inclusive
-  GMP (timing functions for GMPbench (0.2))
-    cputime                  milliseconds of cpu time since Ruby start
-    time                     times the execution of a block
-  
-  *only if MPFR is available*
-  class methods of GMP::F
-    const_log2               returns the natural log of 2
-    const_pi                 returns pi
-    const_euler              returns euler
-    const_catalan            returns catalan
-  GMP::F
-    sqrt                     square root of the object
-    rec_sqrt                 square root of the recprical of the object
-    cbrt                     cube root of the object
-    **                       power
-    log                      natural logarithm of object
-    log2                     binary logarithm of object
-    log10                    decimal logarithm of object
-    exp                      e^object
-    exp2                     2^object
-    exp10                    10^object
-    log1p                    the same as (object + 1).log, with better
-                             precision
-    expm1                    the same as (object.exp) - 1, with better
-                             precision
-    eint                     exponential integral of object
-    li2                      real part of the dilogarithm of object
-    gamma                    Gamma fucntion of object
-    lngamma                  logarithm of the Gamma function of object
-    digamma                  Digamma function of object (MPFR_VERSION >= "3.0.0")
-    zeta                     Reimann Zeta function of object
-    erf                      error function of object
-    erfc                     complementary error function of object
-    j0                       first kind Bessel function of order 0 of object
-    j1                       first kind Bessel function of order 1 of object
-    jn                       first kind Bessel function of order n of object
-    y0                       second kind Bessel function of order 0 of object
-    y1                       second kind Bessel function of order 1 of object
-    yn                       second kind Bessel function of order n of object
-    agm                      arithmetic-geometric mean
-    hypot
-    cos                      \
-    sin                      |
-    tan                      |
-    sin_cos                  |
-    sec                      |
-    csc                      |
-    cot                      |
-    acos                     |
-    asin                     |
-    atan                     | trigonometric functions
-    atan2                    |
-    cosh                     | of the object
-    sinh                     |
-    tanh                     |
-    sinh_cosh                |
-    sec                      |
-    csc                      |
-    cot                      |
-    acosh                    |
-    asinh                    |
-    atanh                    /
-    nan?                     \
-    infinite?                | type of floating point number
-    finite?                  |
-    number?                  |
-    regular?                 / (MPFR_VERSION >= "3.0.0")
-  GMP::RandState
-    mpfr_urandomb(fixnum)    get uniformly distributed random floating-point
-                             number within 0 <= rop < 1
-    
-
-=Functional Mappings
-
-In order to align better with the GMP paradigms of using return arguments, I have started creating "functional mappings", singleton methods that map directly to functions in GMP. These methods take return arguments, so that passing an object to a functional mapping may change the object itself. For example:
-
-  a = GMP::Z(0)
-  b = GMP::Z(13)
-  c = GMP::Z(17)
-  GMP::Z.add(a, b, c)
-  a  #=> 30
-
-Here's a fun list of all of the functional mappings written so far:
-
-  GMP::Z
-    .abs          .add          .addmul       .cdiv_q_2exp  .cdiv_r_2exp  .com
-    .divexact     .fdiv_q_2exp  .fdiv_r_2exp  .lcm          .mul          .mul_2exp
-    .neg          .nextprime    .sqrt         .sub          .submul       .tdiv_q_2exp
-    .tdiv_r_2exp
-
-=Documentation
-
-* This README (https://github.com/srawlins/gmp)
-* Loren Segal and the guys at RubyGems.org are badasses. YARDoc is here:
-  http://rubydoc.info/gems/gmp/frames
-* There should be a manual.pdf at https://github.com/srawlins/gmp/blob/master/manual.pdf
-  I spend waaay too much time working on this, but it looks very pretty.
-* CHANGELOG (https://github.com/srawlins/gmp/blob/master/CHANGELOG)
-
-=Testing
-
-Tests can be run with:
-
-  cd test
-  ruby unit_tests.rb
-
-If you have the unit_test gem installed, all tests should pass. Otherwise, one
-test may error. I imagine there is a bug in Ruby's built-in Test::Unit package
-that is fixed with the unit_test gem.
-
-=Known Issues
-
-* Don't call GMP::RandState(:lc_2exp_size). Give a 2nd arg.
-
-=Precision
-
-Precision can be explicitely set as second argument for GMP::F.new().
-
-If there is no explicit precision, highest precision of all GMP::F arguments is
-used. That doesn't ensure that result will be exact. For details, consult any
-paper about floating point arithmetics.
-
-Default precision can be explicitely set by passing 0 as the second argument
-for to GMP::F.new(). In particular, you can set precision of copy of GMP::F
-object by:
-  new_obj = GMP::F.new(old_obj, 0)
-
-Precision argument, and default_precision will be rounded up to whatever GMP
-thinks is appropriate.
-
-=Benchmarking
-
-"GMP is carefully designed to be as fast as possible." Therefore, I believe it
-is very important for GMP, and its various language bindings to be benchmarked.
-In recent years, the GMP team developed GMPbench, an elegant, weighted
-benchmark. Currently, at http://www.gmplib.org/gmpbench.html they maintain a
-list of recent benchmark results, broken down by CPU, CPU freq, ABI, and
-compiler flags; GMPbench compares different processor's performance against
-eachother, rather than GMP against other bignum libraries, or comparing
-different versions of GMP.
-
-I intend to build a plug-in to GMPbench that will test the ruby gmp gem. The
-results of this benchmark should be directly comparable with the results of GMP
-(on same CPU, etc.). Rather than write a benchmark from the ground up, or try
-to emulate what GMPbench does, a plug-in will allow for this type of
-comparison. And in fact, GMPbench is (perhaps intentionally) written perfectly
-to allow for plugging in.
-
-Various scores are derived from GMPbench by running the <tt>runbench</tt>
-script. This script compiles and runs various individual programs that
-measure the performance of base functions, such as multiply, and app functions
-such as rsa.
-
-The gmp gem benchmark uses the GMPbench framework (that is, runbench, gexpr,
-and the timing methods), and plugs in ruby scripts as the individual programs.
-Right now, there are only three such plugged in ruby scripts:
-
-* multiply - measures performance of multiplying (or squaring) GMP::Z objects
-  whose size (in bits) is given by 1 or 2 operands.
-* divide - measures performance of dividing two GMP::Z objects (using tdiv)
-  whose size (in bits) is given by 2 operands.
-* rsa - measures performance of using RSA to sign messages. The size of pq, the
-  product of the two co-prime GMP::Z objects, p and q, is given by 1 operand.
-
-<b>OOOLLLDDD... UPDATE PLZ</b>
-
-My guess is that the increase in ruby gmp gem overhead is caused by increased
-efficiency in GMP; the inefficiencies of the gmp gem are relatively greater.
-
-=Todo
-
-* GMP::Z#to_d_2exp, #congruent?, #rootrem, #lcm, #kronecker, #bin,
-  #fib2, #lucnum, #lucnum2, #hamdist, #combit, #fits_x?
-* GMP::Q#to_s(base), GMP::F#to_s(base) (test it!)
-* benchmark gcdext, pi
-* use Rake use Rake use Rake
-
-These are inherited from Tomasz. I will go through these and see which are
-still relevant, and which I understand.
-
-* mpz_fits_* and 31 vs. 32 integer variables
-* fix all sign issues (don't know what these are)
-* to_s vs. inspect
-* check if mpz_addmul_ui would optimize some statements
-* some system that allows using denref and numref as normal ruby objects (?)
-* takeover code that replaces all Bignums with GMP::Z
-* better bignum parser (how? to_s seems good to me.)
-* zero-copy method for strings generation
-* benchmarks against Python GMP and Perl GMP
-* dup methods
-* integrate F into system
-* should Z.[] bits be 0/1 or true/false, 0 is true, what might badly surprise users
-* any2small_integer()
-* check asm output, especially local memory efficiency
-* it might be better to use `register' for some local variables
-* powm with negative exponents
-* check if different sorting of operatations gives better cache usage
-* GMP::* op RubyFloat and RubyFloat op GMP::*
-* sort checks