gmp 0.2.2 → 0.4.0

data/CHANGELOG

@@ -1,3 +1,36 @@
+0.4.0:
+  * Support for Windows introduced. gmp-x86-mswin32 gem should be used.
+  * All tests should pass under Windows.
+  * Support for Windows in benchmark started. Still buggy.
+  * Added tests for GMP::Z.gcd.
+  * Added tests for GMP::Z.invert.
+  * Added tests for GMP::RandState (seed, urandomb).
+  * Added documentation for GMP::Z.gcd.
+  * Added documentation for GMP::Z.invert.
+  * Added documentation for GMP::RandState (new, seed, urandomb).
+  * Cleaned up documentation (fixed GMP   ::   Z spacings).
+  * Added benchmark/gcd
+  * Unit test results: 69 tests, 533 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
+
+0.2.11:
+  * Added GMP::Z.gcd. _not_ tested or documented.
+  * Added GMP::Z.invert. _not_ tested or documented.
+  * Added GMP::Z.sizeinbase and size_in_bin. _not_ tested or documented.
+  * benchmark/rsa is complete, assuming gcd and invert function properly.
+
+0.2.10:
+  * Added GMP::Z.%. Tested. Documented.
+  * Beginning benchmark/rsa (it required %).
+
+0.2.9:
+  * benchmark/ finally something.
+  * GMP::time and GMP::cputime introduced.
+  * GMP::RandState.new now supports different algorithms.
+
+0.2.8:
+  * GMP::RandState introduced. urandomb supported.
+  * PDF documentation is extended.
+
 0.2.2:
   * GMP::Z.jacobi and GPM::Z#jacobi work and are tested.
   * GMP::Z.legendre works and is tested.

data/README.rdoc

@@ -46,15 +46,21 @@ paragraph at http://gmplib.org/#WHAT :
   contributions, meaning users can safely use GMP. To achieve this, we will ask
   contributors to sign paperwork where they allow us to distribute their work."
 
-Only GMP 4 or newer is supported. The following environments have been tested by me:
-  gmp gem 0.2.2 on:
+Only GMP 4 or newer is supported. The following environments have been tested
+by me: gmp gem 0.4.0 on:
   +-------------------------------------+-------------------+-----------+
   |    Platform                         |       Ruby        |    GMP    |
   +-------------------------------------+-------------------+-----------+
-  | Cygwin on x86                       | (MRI) Ruby 1.8.7  | GMP 4.3.1 |
+  | Cygwin 1.7 on x86                   | (MRI) Ruby 1.8.7  | GMP 4.3.1 |
+  |                                     |                   | GMP 4.3.2 |
+  |                                     |                   | GMP 5.0.0 |
+  |-------------------------------------+-------------------+-----------|
+  | Windows XP on x86                   | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.1  | GMP 5.0.1 |
+  |-------------------------------------+-------------------+-----------|
   | Linux (LinuxMint 7) on x86 (32-bit) | (MRI) Ruby 1.8.7  | GMP 4.3.1 |
+  |-------------------------------------+-------------------+-----------|
   | Mac OS X 10.5.7 on x86 (32-bit)     | (MRI) Ruby 1.8.6  | GMP 4.3.1 |
-  | Mac OS X 10.5.7 on x86 (32-bit)     | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.1  | GMP 4.3.1 |
+  |                                     | (MRI) Ruby 1.9.1  |           |
   +-------------------------------------+-------------------+-----------+
 
 <b>Note:</b> To get this running on Mac OS X (32-bit), I compiled GMP 4.3.1 with:
@@ -67,10 +73,11 @@ Only GMP 4 or newer is supported. The following environments have been tested by
 
 =Classes
 
-It provides module GMP with following classes:
+The module GMP is provided with following classes:
 * GMP::Z - infinite precision integer numbers
 * GMP::Q - infinite precision rational numbers
 * GMP::F - arbitrary precision floating point numbers
+* GMP::RandState - states of individual random number generators
 
 Numbers are created by using new().
 Constructors can take following arguments:
@@ -94,11 +101,13 @@ Constructors can take following arguments:
   GMP::F.new(Fixnum, precision=0)
   GMP::F.new(Bignum, precision=0)
   GMP::F.new(Float,  precision=0)
+  GMP::RandState.new([algorithm] [, algorithm_args])
 
 You can also call them as:
   GMP.Z(args)
   GMP.Q(args)
   GMP.F(args)
+  GMP.RandState()
 
 =Methods
 
@@ -153,15 +162,19 @@ You can also call them as:
     sqrt!                    change the object into its square root
     sqrtrem                  square root, remainder
     root(n)                  nth root
-    jacobi                   jacobi symbol
-    legendre                 legendre symbol
     probab_prime?            0 if composite, 1 if probably prime, 2 if
                              certainly prime
     nextprime                next *probable* prime
     nextprime!               change the object into its next *probable* prime
-    popcount                 the number of bits equal to 1
-    to_i                     convert to FixNum or BigNum
+    gcd                      greatest common divisor
+    invert(m)                invert mod m
+    jacobi                   jacobi symbol
+    legendre                 legendre symbol
     remove(n)                remove all occurences of factor n
+    popcount                 the number of bits equal to 1
+    sizeinbase(b)            digits in base b
+    size_in_bin              digits in binary
+    to_i                     convert to Fixnum or Bignum
   GMP::Q and GMP::F
     /                        division
   GMP::Q
@@ -179,11 +192,13 @@ You can also call them as:
     floor!,ceil!,trunc!      in-place nearest integer
   GMP::F (only if MPFR is available)
     exp                      e^object
-    expm1                    the same as (object.exp) - 1, with better precision
+    expm1                    the same as (object.exp) - 1, with better
+                             precision
     log                      natural logarithm of object
     log2                     binary logarithm of object
     log10                    decimal logarithm of object
-    log1p                    the same as (object + 1).log, with better precision
+    log1p                    the same as (object + 1).log, with better
+                             precision
     sqrt                     square root of the object
     cos                      \
     sin                      |
@@ -202,11 +217,31 @@ You can also call them as:
     finite?                  |
     number?                  /
     **                       power
+  GMP::RandState
+    seed(integer)            seed the generator with a Fixnum or GMP::Z
+    urandomb(fixnum)         get uniformly distributed random number between 0
+                             and 2^fixnum-1, inclusive
+  GMP (timing functions for GMPbench (0.2))
+    cputime                  milliseconds of cpu time since Ruby start
+    time                     times the execution of a block
+    
+
+=Testing
+
+Tests can be run with:
+
+  cd test
+  ruby unit_tests.rb
+
+If you have the unit_test gem installed, all tests should pass. Otherwise, one
+test may error. I imagine there is a bug in Ruby's built-in Test::Unit package
+that is fixed with the unit_test gem.
 
 =Known Issues
 
 * GMP::Z#pow does not appear to be working at all. Looking at the code, I don't
   think it ever did.
+* Don't call GMP::RandState(:lc_2exp_size). Give a 2nd arg.
 
 =Precision
 
@@ -223,6 +258,73 @@ particular, you can set precision of copy of GMP::F object by:
 Precision argument, and default_precision will be rounded up to whatever GMP
 thinks is appropriate.
 
+=Benchmarking
+
+"GMP is carefully designed to be as fast as possible." Therefore, I believe it
+is very important for GMP, and its various language bindings to be benchmarked.
+In recent years, the GMP team developed GMPbench, an elegant, weighted
+benchmark. Currently, at http://www.gmplib.org/gmpbench.html they maintain a
+list of recent benchmark results, broken down by CPU, CPU freq, ABI, and
+compiler flags; GMPbench compares different processor's performance against
+eachother, rather than GMP against other bignum libraries, or comparing
+different versions of GMP.
+
+I intend to build a plug-in to GMPbench that will test the ruby gmp gem. The
+results of this benchmark should be directly comparable with the results of GMP
+(on same CPU, etc.). Rather than write a benchmark from the ground up, or try
+to emulate what GMPbench does, a plug-in will allow for this type of
+comparison. And in fact, GMPbench is (perhaps intentionally) written perfectly
+to allow for plugging in.
+
+Various scores are derived from GMPbench by running the <tt>runbench</tt>
+script. This script compiles and runs various individual programs that
+measure the performance of base functions, such as multiply, and app functions
+such as rsa.
+
+The gmp gem benchmark uses the GMPbench framework (that is, runbench, gexpr,
+and the timing methods), and plugs in ruby scripts as the individual programs.
+Right now, there are only three such plugged in ruby scripts:
+
+* multiply - measures performance of multiplying (or squaring) GMP::Z objects
+  whose size (in bits) is given by 1 or 2 operands.
+* divide - measures performance of dividing two GMP::Z objects (using tdiv)
+  whose size (in bits) is given by 2 operands.
+* rsa - measures performance of using RSA to sign messages. The size of pq, the
+  product of the two co-prime GMP::Z objects, p and q, is given by 1 operand.
+  
+Results: on my little Intel Core Duo T2400 @ 1.83GHz:
+  +---------------------------------------------------------+
+  | GMP 4.3.1* compiled with GCC 3.4.4, I think (cygwin did |
+  | it)                                                     |
+  +------------+-----------+--------------------------------+
+  |  test      |  GMP      |  ruby gmp gem                  |
+  |  multiply  |  4660     |        2473.8  (47% overhead)  |
+  |  divide    |  2744     |        2253.1  (18% overhead)  |
+  |  gcd       |  1004.5   |         865.13 (14% overhead)  |
+  |  rsa       |   515.49  |         506.69 ( 2% overhead)  |
+  +------------+-----------+--------------------------------+
+  | GMP 5.0.0 compiled with GCC 3.4.4, I think (cygwin did  |
+  | it)                                                     |
+  +------------+-----------+--------------------------------+
+  |  test      |  GMP      |  ruby gmp gem                  |
+  |  multiply  |  4905     |        2572.1  (48% overhead)  |
+  |  divide    |  4873     |        3427.4  (30% overhead)  |
+  |  gcd       |  1083.5   |         931.75 (14% overhead)  |
+  |  rsa       |   520.20  |         506.14 ( 3% overhead)  |
+  +------------+--------+-----------------------------------+
+  | GMP 5.0.1 compiled with GCC 3.4.5 in MinGW              |
+  +------------+-----------+--------------------------------+
+  |  test      |  GMP      |  ruby gmp gem                  |
+  |  multiply  |  4950     |        xxxx.x  (xx% overhead)  |
+  |  divide    |  4809     |        xxxx.x  (xx% overhead)  |
+  |  gcd       |  1071.3   |         xxx.xx (xx% overhead)  |
+  |  rsa       |   524.96  |         xxx.xx ( x% overhead)  |
+  +------------+--------+-----------------------------------+
+\* GMP 4.3.2 evaluated to almost the same benchmarks.
+
+My guess is that the increase in ruby gmp gem overhead is caused by increased
+efficiency in GMP; the inefficiencies of the gmp gem are relatively greater.
+
 =Todo
 
 These are inherited from Tomasz. I will go through these and see which are
@@ -232,17 +334,15 @@ still relevant.
 * all appropriate module and class methods if there are any to add
 * fix all sign issues (don't know what these are)
 * floats with precision control
-* random numbers
 * to_s vs. inspect
 * check if mpz_addmul_ui would optimize some statements
-* some system that allows using denref and numref as normal ruby objects
+* some system that allows using denref and numref as normal ruby objects (?)
 * should we allocate global temporary variables like Perl GMP does?
 * takeover code that replaces all Bignums with GMP::Z
 * better bignum parser
 * zero-copy method for strings generation
 * put rb_raise into nice macros
-* benchmarks against Python GMP (gmpy? Is this still active?) and Perl GMP (I can't
-  find this either!)
+* benchmarks against Python GMP (gmpy? Is this still active?) and Perl GMP
 * dup methods
 * integrate F into system
 * should Z.[] bits be 0/1 or true/false, 0 is true, what might badly surprise users
@@ -253,5 +353,5 @@ still relevant.
 * check if different sorting of operatations gives better cache usage
 * GMP::* op RubyFloat and RubyFloat op GMP::*
 * sort checks
-* check all new GMP4 operations
-* GMP::Q.to_s(base), GMP::F.to_s(base)
+* GMP::Q.to_s(base), GMP::F.to_s(base)
+* benchmark gcdext, pi

data/benchmark/COPYING

@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
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+  The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
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+
+  7. Additional Terms.
+
+  "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
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+Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
+be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
+that they are valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions
+apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
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+
+  When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
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+that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
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+  All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
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+a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
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+  If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
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+  Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
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+  8. Termination.
+
+  You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
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+this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
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+
+  However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
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+
+  Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
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+
+  9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
+
+  You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
+run a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
+occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
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+modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
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+covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
+
+  10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
+
+  Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
+receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
+propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
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+  An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
+organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
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+
+  You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
+rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
+not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
+rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
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+any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
+sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
+
+  11. Patents.
+
+  A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
+License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
+work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
+
+  A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
+owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
+hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
+by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
+but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
+consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
+purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
+patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
+this License.
+
+  Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
+patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
+make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
+propagate the contents of its contributor version.
+
+  In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
+agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
+(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
+sue for patent infringement).  To "grant" such a patent license to a
+party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
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+
+  If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
+and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
+to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
+publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
+then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
+available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
+patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
+consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
+license to downstream recipients.  "Knowingly relying" means you have
+actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
+covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
+in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
+country that you have reason to believe are valid.
+
+  If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
+arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
+covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
+receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
+or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
+you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
+work and works based on it.
+
+  A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
+the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
+conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
+specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered
+work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
+in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
+to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
+the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
+parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
+patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
+conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
+for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
+contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
+or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
+any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
+otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+
+  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
+covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
+not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
+to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
+the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
+License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+  13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
+permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
+under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
+combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
+License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
+but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
+section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
+combination as such.
+
+  14. Revised Versions of this License.
+
+  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
+the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
+Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
+Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
+option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
+version or of any later version published by the Free Software
+Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
+GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
+by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
+versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
+public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
+to choose that version for the Program.
+
+  Later license versions may give you additional or different
+permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
+author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
+later version.
+
+  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
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+THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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+IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
+ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
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+THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
+GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
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+DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
+might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.