glimmer-dsl-libui 0.4.0 → 0.4.4

data/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer/master/images/glimmer-logo-hi-res.png" height=85 />](https://github.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer) Glimmer DSL for LibUI 0.4.0
+# [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer/master/images/glimmer-logo-hi-res.png" height=85 />](https://github.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer) Glimmer DSL for LibUI 0.4.4
 ## Prerequisite-Free Ruby Desktop Development GUI Library
 [![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/glimmer-dsl-libui.svg)](http://badge.fury.io/rb/glimmer-dsl-libui)
 [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/AndyObtiva/glimmer](https://badges.gitter.im/AndyObtiva/glimmer.svg)](https://gitter.im/AndyObtiva/glimmer?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ Mac | Windows | Linux
 The main trade-off in using [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) as opposed to [Glimmer DSL for SWT](https://github.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer-dsl-swt) or [Glimmer DSL for Tk](https://github.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer-dsl-tk) is the fact that [SWT](https://www.eclipse.org/swt/) and [Tk](https://www.tcl.tk/) are more mature than mid-alpha [libui](https://github.com/andlabs/libui) as GUI toolkits. Still, if there is only a need to build a small simple application, [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) could be a good convenient choice due to having zero prerequisites beyond the dependencies included in the [Ruby gem](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui). Also, just like [Glimmer DSL for Tk](https://github.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer-dsl-tk), its apps start instantly and have a small memory footprint. [LibUI](https://github.com/kojix2/LibUI) is a promising new GUI toolkit that might prove quite worthy in the future.
 
 [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) aims to provide a DSL similar to the [Glimmer DSL for SWT](https://github.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer-dsl-swt) to enable more productive desktop development in Ruby with:
-- Declarative DSL syntax that visually maps to the GUI control hierarchy
-- Convention over configuration via smart defaults and automation of low-level details
-- Requiring the least amount of syntax possible to build GUI
-- Custom Keyword support
-- Bidirectional Data-Binding to declaratively wire and automatically synchronize GUI with Business Models
+- [Declarative DSL syntax](#glimmer-gui-dsl-concepts) that visually maps to the GUI control hierarchy
+- [Convention over configuration](#smart-defaults-and-conventions) via smart defaults and automation of low-level details
+- Requiring the [least amount of syntax](#glimmer-gui-dsl-concepts) possible to build GUI
+- [Custom Keyword](#custom-keywords) support
+- [Bidirectional/Unidirectional Data-Binding](#data-binding) to declaratively wire and automatically synchronize GUI Views with Models
 - [Far Future Plan] Scaffolding for new custom controls, apps, and gems
 - [Far Future Plan] Native-Executable packaging on Mac, Windows, and Linux.
 
@@ -233,6 +233,7 @@ Other [Glimmer](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer) DSL gems you might be interes
       - [Area Transform Matrix](#area-transform-matrix)
     - [Smart Defaults and Conventions](#smart-defaults-and-conventions)
     - [Custom Keywords](#custom-keywords)
+    - [Observer Pattern](#observer-pattern)
     - [Data-Binding](#data-binding)
     - [API Gotchas](#api-gotchas)
     - [Original API](#original-api)
@@ -263,6 +264,7 @@ Other [Glimmer](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer) DSL gems you might be interes
       - [Basic Draw Text](#basic-draw-text)
     - [Advanced Examples](#advanced-examples)
       - [Area Gallery](#area-gallery)
+      - [Button Counter](#button-counter)
       - [Color The Circles](#color-the-circles)
       - [Control Gallery](#control-gallery)
       - [Custom Draw Text](#custom-draw-text)
@@ -371,7 +373,7 @@ gem install glimmer-dsl-libui
 Or install via Bundler `Gemfile`:
 
 ```ruby
-gem 'glimmer-dsl-libui', '~> 0.4.0'
+gem 'glimmer-dsl-libui', '~> 0.4.4'
 ```
 
 Add `require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'` at the top, and then `include Glimmer` into the top-level main object for testing or into an actual class for serious usage.
@@ -777,9 +779,9 @@ Check [examples/dynamic_area.rb](#dynamic-area) for a more detailed semi-declara
 - `scroll_to(x as Numeric, y as Numeric, width as Numeric = main_window.width, height as Numeric = main_window.height)`: scrolls to `x`/`y` location with `width` and `height` viewport size.
 - `set_size(width as Numeric, height as Numeric)`: set size of scrolling area, which must must exceed that of visible viewport in order for scrolling to be enabled.
 
-Mac |
-----|
-![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-dynamic-area.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-scrolling-area.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-dynamic-area-updated.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-scrolling-area-scrolled.png)
+Mac |Linux
+----|-----
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-dynamic-area.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-scrolling-area.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-dynamic-area-updated.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-scrolling-area-scrolled.png) | ![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-dynamic-area.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-basic-scrolling-area.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-dynamic-area-updated.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-basic-scrolling-area-scrolled.png)
 
 Check [examples/basic_scrolling_area.rb](#basic-scrolling-area) for a more detailed example.
 
@@ -875,7 +877,7 @@ Given that it is very new and is not a [libui](https://github.com/andlabs/libui)
 - Including an `image` inside an `area` `on_draw` listener improves performance due to not retaining pixel/line data in memory.
 - Supplying `width` and `height` (2nd and 3rd arguments) greatly improves performance when shrinking image.
 
-Currently, it is recommended to use `image` with very small `width` and `height` values only.
+Currently, it is recommended to use `image` with very small `width` and `height` values only (e.g. 24x24).
 
 Setting a [`transform` `matrix`](#area-transform-matrix) is supported under `image` just like it is under `path` and `text` inside `area`.
 
@@ -1031,6 +1033,8 @@ window('Basic Image', 96, 96) {
 
 One final note is that in Linux, table images grow and shrink with the image size unlike on the Mac where table row heights are constant regardless of image sizes. As such, you may be able to repurpose a table with a single image column and a single row as an image control with more native libui rendering if you are only targeting Linux with your app.
 
+![linux table image](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-basic-table-image.png)
+
 Check out [examples/basic_image.rb](#basic-image) (all versions) for examples of using `image` Glimmer custom control.
 
 #### Colors
@@ -1321,23 +1325,72 @@ window('Method-Based Custom Keyword') {
 
 ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-method-based-custom-keyword.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-method-based-custom-keyword.png)
 
-### Data-Binding
+### Observer Pattern
 
-[Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) supports unidirectional (one-way) data-binding of any control/shape/attributed-string property via the `<=` symbol (indicating data is moving from the right side, which is the model, to the left side, which is the GUI view object).
+The [Observer Design Pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_pattern) (a.k.a. Observer Pattern) is fundamental to building GUIs (Graphical User Interfaces) following the [MVC (Model View Controller) Architectural Pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller) or any of its variations like [MVP (Model View Presenter)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93presenter). In the original Smalltalk-MVC, the View observes the Model for changes and updates itself accordingly.
 
-This is also known as the [Glimmer Shine](https://github.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer-dsl-swt/blob/master/docs/reference/GLIMMER_GUI_DSL_SYNTAX.md#shine) syntax for data-binding, a [Glimmer](https://github.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer)-only unique innovation.
+![MVC - Model View Controller](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Danny-Weyns/publication/269303611/figure/fig2/AS:858133056462866@1581606272800/Smalltalk80-MVC-pattern-View-and-Controller-work-as-a-pair-allowing-the-user-to-interact.ppm)
+
+[Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) supports the [Observer Design Pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_pattern) via the `observe(model, attribute_or_key=nil)` keyword, which can observe `Object` models with attributes, `Hash`es with keys, and `Array`s. It automatically enhances objects as needed to support automatically notifying observers of changes via `observable#notify_observers(attribute_or_key = nil)` method:
+- `Object` becomes `Glimmer::DataBinding::ObservableModel`, which supports observing specified `Object` model attributes.
+- `Hash` becomes `Glimmer::DataBinding::ObservableHash`, which supports observing all `Hash` keys or a specific `Hash` key
+- `Array` becomes `Glimmer::DataBinding::ObservableArray`, which supports observing `Array` changes like those done with `push`, `<<`, `delete`, and `map!` methods (all mutation methods).
 
 Example:
 
 ```ruby
-window {
-  title <= [@game, :score, on_read: -> (score) {"Glimmer Snake (Score: #{@game.score})"}]
+  observe(person, :name) do |new_name|
+    @name_label.text = new_name
+  end
+```
+
+That observes a person's name attribute for changes and updates the name `label` `text` property accordingly.
+
+[Learn about Glimmer's Observer Pattern capabilities and options in more detail at the Glimmer project page.](https://github.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer#data-binding-library)
+
+See examples of the `observe` keyword at [Color The Circles](#color-the-circles), [Method-Based Custom Keyword](#method-based-custom-keyword), [Snake](#snake), and [Tetris](#tetris).
+
+### Data-Binding
+
+[Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) supports both bidirectional (two-way) data-binding and unidirectional (one-way) data-binding.
+
+Data-binding enables writing very expressive, terse, and declarative code to synchronize View properties with Model attributes without writing many lines or pages of imperative code doing the same thing, increasing productivity immensely.
+
+Data-binding automatically takes advantage of the [Observer Pattern](#observer-pattern) behind the scenes and is very well suited to declaring View property data sources piecemeal. On the other hand, explicit use of the [Observer Pattern](#observer-pattern) is sometimes more suitable when needing to make multiple View updates upon a single Model attribute change.
+
+Data-binding supports utilizing the [MVP (Model View Presenter)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93presenter) flavor of [MVC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller) by observing both the View and a Presenter for changes and updating the opposite side upon encountering them. This enables writing more decoupled cleaner code that keeps View code and Model code disentangled and highly maintainable. For example, check out the Snake game presenters for [Grid](/examples/snake/presenter/grid.rb) and [Cell](/examples/snake/presenter/cell.rb), which act as proxies for the actual Snake game models [Snake](/examples/snake/model/snake.rb) and [Apple](/examples/snake/model/apple.rb), mediating synchronization of data between them and the [Snake View GUI](/examples/snake.rb).
+
+![MVP](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gilles-Perrouin/publication/320249584/figure/fig8/AS:668260987068418@1536337243385/Model-view-presenter-architecture.png)
+
+[Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) supports bidirectional (two-way) data-binding of the following controls/properties via the `<=>` operator (indicating data is moving in both directions between View and Model):
+- `entry` `text` property
+- `multiline_entry` `text` property
+- `non_wrapping_multiline_entry` `text` property
+- `search_entry` `text` property
+
+Example of bidirectional data-binding:
+
+```ruby
+entry {
+  text <=> [contract, :legal_text]
 }
 ```
 
-That is data-binding the `window` `title` property to the `score` attribute of a `@game`, but converting on read from the Model to a `String`.
+That is data-binding a contract's legal text to an `entry` `text` property.
+
+Another example of bidirectional data-binding with an option:
+
+```ruby
+entry {
+  text <=> [self, :entered_text, after_write: ->(text) {puts text}]
+}
+```
+
+That is data-binding `entered_text` attribute on `self` to `entry` `text` property and printing text after write to the model.
+
+[Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) supports unidirectional (one-way) data-binding of any control/shape/attributed-string property via the `<=` operator (indicating data is moving from the right side, which is the Model, to the left side, which is the GUI View object).
 
-Another Example:
+Example of unidirectional data-binding:
 
 ```ruby
 square(0, 0, CELL_SIZE) {
@@ -1347,9 +1400,44 @@ square(0, 0, CELL_SIZE) {
 
 That is data-binding a grid cell color to a `square` shape's `fill` property. That means if the `color` attribute of the grid cell is updated, the `fill` property of the `square` shape is automatically updated accordingly.
 
-Data-binding enables writing very expressive, terse, and declarative code to synchronize View properties with Model attributes instead of pages of imperative code doing the same thing.
+Another Example of unidirectional data-binding with an option:
 
-Learn more from data-binding usage in [Snake](#snake) and [Tic Tac Toe](#tic_tac_toe) examples.
+```ruby
+window {
+  title <= [@game, :score, on_read: -> (score) {"Glimmer Snake (Score: #{@game.score})"}]
+}
+```
+
+That is data-binding the `window` `title` property to the `score` attribute of a `@game`, but converting on read from the Model to a `String`.
+
+To summarize the data-binding API:
+- `view_property <=> [model, attribute, *read_or_write_options]`: Bidirectional (two-way) data-binding to Model attribute accessor
+- `view_property <= [model, attribute, *read_only_options]`: Unidirectional (one-way) data-binding to Model attribute reader
+
+This is also known as the [Glimmer Shine](https://github.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer-dsl-swt/blob/master/docs/reference/GLIMMER_GUI_DSL_SYNTAX.md#shine) syntax for data-binding, a [Glimmer](https://github.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer)-only unique innovation that takes advantage of [Ruby](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/)'s highly expressive syntax and malleable DSL support.
+
+Data-binding options include:
+- `before_read {|value| ...}`: performs an operation before reading data from Model to update the View.
+- `on_read {|value| ...}`: converts value read from Model to update the View.
+- `after_read {|converted_value| ...}`: performs an operation after read from Model and updating the View.
+- `before_write {|value| ...}`: performs an operation before writing data to Model from View.
+- `on_write {|value| ...}`: converts value read from View to update the Model.
+- `after_write {|converted_value| ...}`: performs an operation after writing to Model from View.
+- `computed_by attribute` or `computed_by [attribute1, attribute2, ...]`: indicates model attribute is computed from specified attribute(s), thus updated when they are updated (see in [Login example version 2](/examples/login2.rb))
+
+Note that with both `on_read` and `on_write` converters, you could pass a `Symbol` representing the name of a method on the value object to invoke.
+
+Example:
+
+```ruby
+entry {
+  text <=> [product, :price, on_read: :to_s, on_write: :to_i]
+}
+```
+
+Gotcha: never data-bind a control property to an attribute on the same view object with the same exact name (e.g. binding `entry` `text` property to `self` `text` attribute) as it would conflict with it. Instead, data-bind view property to an attribute with a different name on the view object or with the same name, but on a presenter or model object (e.g. data-bind `entry` `text` to `self` `legal_text` attribute or to `contract` model `text` attribute)
+
+Learn more from data-binding usage in [Login](#login) (4 data-binding versions), [Basic Entry](#basic-entry), [Form](#form), [Form Table](#form-table), [Method-Based Custom Keyword](#method-based-custom-keyword), [Snake](#snake) and [Tic Tac Toe](#tic_tac_toe) examples.
 
 ### API Gotchas
 
@@ -1365,6 +1453,270 @@ Learn more from data-binding usage in [Snake](#snake) and [Tic Tac Toe](#tic_tac
 
 ### Original API
 
+Here are all the lower-level [LibUI](https://github.com/kojix2/LibUI) API methods utilized by [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui):
+- `alloc_control`
+- `area_begin_user_window_move`
+- `area_begin_user_window_resize`
+- `area_queue_redraw_all`
+- `area_scroll_to`
+- `area_set_size`
+- `attribute_color`
+- `attribute_family`
+- `attribute_features`
+- `attribute_get_type`
+- `attribute_italic`
+- `attribute_size`
+- `attribute_stretch`
+- `attribute_underline`
+- `attribute_underline_color`
+- `attribute_weight`
+- `attributed_string_append_unattributed`
+- `attributed_string_byte_index_to_grapheme`
+- `attributed_string_delete`
+- `attributed_string_for_each_attribute`
+- `attributed_string_grapheme_to_byte_index`
+- `attributed_string_insert_at_unattributed`
+- `attributed_string_len`
+- `attributed_string_num_graphemes`
+- `attributed_string_set_attribute`
+- `attributed_string_string`
+- `box_append`
+- `box_delete`
+- `box_padded`
+- `box_set_padded`
+- `button_on_clicked`
+- `button_set_text`
+- `button_text`
+- `checkbox_checked`
+- `checkbox_on_toggled`
+- `checkbox_set_checked`
+- `checkbox_set_text`
+- `checkbox_text`
+- `color_button_color`
+- `color_button_on_changed`
+- `color_button_set_color`
+- `combobox_append`
+- `combobox_on_selected`
+- `combobox_selected`
+- `combobox_set_selected`
+- `control_destroy`
+- `control_disable`
+- `control_enable`
+- `control_enabled`
+- `control_enabled_to_user`
+- `control_handle`
+- `control_hide`
+- `control_parent`
+- `control_set_parent`
+- `control_show`
+- `control_toplevel`
+- `control_verify_set_parent`
+- `control_visible`
+- `date_time_picker_on_changed`
+- `date_time_picker_set_time`
+- `date_time_picker_time`
+- `draw_clip`
+- `draw_fill`
+- `draw_free_path`
+- `draw_free_text_layout`
+- `draw_matrix_invert`
+- `draw_matrix_invertible`
+- `draw_matrix_multiply`
+- `draw_matrix_rotate`
+- `draw_matrix_scale`
+- `draw_matrix_set_identity`
+- `draw_matrix_skew`
+- `draw_matrix_transform_point`
+- `draw_matrix_transform_size`
+- `draw_matrix_translate`
+- `draw_new_path`
+- `draw_new_text_layout`
+- `draw_path_add_rectangle`
+- `draw_path_arc_to`
+- `draw_path_bezier_to`
+- `draw_path_close_figure`
+- `draw_path_end`
+- `draw_path_line_to`
+- `draw_path_new_figure`
+- `draw_path_new_figure_with_arc`
+- `draw_restore`
+- `draw_save`
+- `draw_stroke`
+- `draw_text`
+- `draw_text_layout_extents`
+- `draw_transform`
+- `editable_combobox_append`
+- `editable_combobox_on_changed`
+- `editable_combobox_set_text`
+- `editable_combobox_text`
+- `entry_on_changed`
+- `entry_read_only`
+- `entry_set_read_only`
+- `entry_set_text`
+- `entry_text`
+- `ffi_lib`
+- `ffi_lib=`
+- `font_button_font`
+- `font_button_on_changed`
+- `form_append`
+- `form_delete`
+- `form_padded`
+- `form_set_padded`
+- `free_attribute`
+- `free_attributed_string`
+- `free_control`
+- `free_font_button_font`
+- `free_image`
+- `free_init_error`
+- `free_open_type_features`
+- `free_table_model`
+- `free_table_value`
+- `free_text`
+- `grid_append`
+- `grid_insert_at`
+- `grid_padded`
+- `grid_set_padded`
+- `group_margined`
+- `group_set_child`
+- `group_set_margined`
+- `group_set_title`
+- `group_title`
+- `image_append`
+- `init`
+- `label_set_text`
+- `label_text`
+- `main`
+- `main_step`
+- `main_steps`
+- `menu_append_about_item`
+- `menu_append_check_item`
+- `menu_append_item`
+- `menu_append_preferences_item`
+- `menu_append_quit_item`
+- `menu_append_separator`
+- `menu_item_checked`
+- `menu_item_disable`
+- `menu_item_enable`
+- `menu_item_on_clicked`
+- `menu_item_set_checked`
+- `msg_box`
+- `msg_box_error`
+- `multiline_entry_append`
+- `multiline_entry_on_changed`
+- `multiline_entry_read_only`
+- `multiline_entry_set_read_only`
+- `multiline_entry_set_text`
+- `multiline_entry_text`
+- `new_area`
+- `new_attributed_string`
+- `new_background_attribute`
+- `new_button`
+- `new_checkbox`
+- `new_color_attribute`
+- `new_color_button`
+- `new_combobox`
+- `new_date_picker`
+- `new_date_time_picker`
+- `new_editable_combobox`
+- `new_entry`
+- `new_family_attribute`
+- `new_features_attribute`
+- `new_font_button`
+- `new_form`
+- `new_grid`
+- `new_group`
+- `new_horizontal_box`
+- `new_horizontal_separator`
+- `new_image`
+- `new_italic_attribute`
+- `new_label`
+- `new_menu`
+- `new_multiline_entry`
+- `new_non_wrapping_multiline_entry`
+- `new_open_type_features`
+- `new_password_entry`
+- `new_progress_bar`
+- `new_radio_buttons`
+- `new_scrolling_area`
+- `new_search_entry`
+- `new_size_attribute`
+- `new_slider`
+- `new_spinbox`
+- `new_stretch_attribute`
+- `new_tab`
+- `new_table`
+- `new_table_model`
+- `new_table_value_color`
+- `new_table_value_image`
+- `new_table_value_int`
+- `new_table_value_string`
+- `new_time_picker`
+- `new_underline_attribute`
+- `new_underline_color_attribute`
+- `new_vertical_box`
+- `new_vertical_separator`
+- `new_weight_attribute`
+- `new_window`
+- `on_should_quit`
+- `open_file`
+- `open_type_features_add`
+- `open_type_features_clone`
+- `open_type_features_for_each`
+- `open_type_features_get`
+- `open_type_features_remove`
+- `progress_bar_set_value`
+- `progress_bar_value`
+- `queue_main`
+- `quit`
+- `radio_buttons_append`
+- `radio_buttons_on_selected`
+- `radio_buttons_selected`
+- `radio_buttons_set_selected`
+- `save_file`
+- `slider_on_changed`
+- `slider_set_value`
+- `slider_value`
+- `spinbox_on_changed`
+- `spinbox_set_value`
+- `spinbox_value`
+- `tab_append`
+- `tab_delete`
+- `tab_insert_at`
+- `tab_margined`
+- `tab_num_pages`
+- `tab_set_margined`
+- `table_append_button_column`
+- `table_append_checkbox_column`
+- `table_append_checkbox_text_column`
+- `table_append_image_column`
+- `table_append_image_text_column`
+- `table_append_progress_bar_column`
+- `table_append_text_column`
+- `table_model_row_changed`
+- `table_model_row_deleted`
+- `table_model_row_inserted`
+- `table_value_color`
+- `table_value_get_type`
+- `table_value_image`
+- `table_value_int`
+- `table_value_string`
+- `timer`
+- `uninit`
+- `user_bug_cannot_set_parent_on_toplevel`
+- `window_borderless`
+- `window_content_size`
+- `window_fullscreen`
+- `window_margined`
+- `window_on_closing`
+- `window_on_content_size_changed`
+- `window_set_borderless`
+- `window_set_child`
+- `window_set_content_size`
+- `window_set_fullscreen`
+- `window_set_margined`
+- `window_set_title`
+- `window_title`
+
 To learn more about the [LibUI](https://github.com/kojix2/LibUI) API exposed through [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui):
 - Check out [LibUI ffi.rb](https://github.com/kojix2/LibUI/blob/main/lib/libui/ffi.rb)
 - Check out the [libui C Headers](https://github.com/andlabs/libui/blob/master/ui.h)
@@ -1871,7 +2223,44 @@ UI.main
 UI.quit
 ```
 
-[Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version:
+[Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version (with [data-binding](#data-binding)):
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+class BasicEntry
+  include Glimmer
+  
+  attr_accessor :entry_text
+  
+  def launch
+    window('Basic Entry', 300, 50) {
+      horizontal_box {
+        entry {
+          # stretchy true # Smart default option for appending to horizontal_box
+          text <=> [self, :entry_text, after_write: ->(text) {puts text; $stdout.flush}] # bidirectional data-binding between text property and entry_text attribute, printing after write to model.
+        }
+        
+        button('Button') {
+          stretchy false # stretchy property is available when control is nested under horizontal_box
+          
+          on_clicked do
+            msg_box('You entered', entry_text)
+          end
+        }
+      }
+      
+      on_closing do
+        puts 'Bye Bye'
+      end
+    }.show
+  end
+end
+
+BasicEntry.new.launch
+```
+
+[Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 2 (without [data-binding](#data-binding)):
 
 ```ruby
 require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
@@ -2195,7 +2584,59 @@ Mac | Windows | Linux
 ----|---------|------
 ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-form.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-form.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-form-msg-box.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-form-msg-box.png) | ![glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-form.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-form.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-form-msg-box.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-form-msg-box.png) | ![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-form.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-form.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-form-msg-box.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-form-msg-box.png)
 
-New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version:
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version (with [data-binding](#data-binding)):
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+class Form
+  include Glimmer
+  
+  attr_accessor :first_name, :last_name, :phone, :email
+  
+  def launch
+    window('Form') {
+      margined true
+      
+      vertical_box {
+        form {
+          entry {
+            label 'First Name' # label property is available when control is nested under form
+            text <=> [self, :first_name] # bidirectional data-binding of entry text property to self first_name attribute
+          }
+          
+          entry {
+            label 'Last Name' # label property is available when control is nested under form
+            text <=> [self, :last_name]
+          }
+          
+          entry {
+            label 'Phone' # label property is available when control is nested under form
+            text <=> [self, :phone]
+          }
+          
+          entry {
+            label 'Email' # label property is available when control is nested under form
+            text <=> [self, :email]
+          }
+        }
+        
+        button('Display Info') {
+          stretchy false
+          
+          on_clicked do
+            msg_box('Info', "#{first_name} #{last_name} has phone #{phone} and email #{email}")
+          end
+        }
+      }
+    }.show
+  end
+end
+
+Form.new.launch
+```
+
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 2 (without [data-binding](#data-binding)):
 
 ```ruby
 require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
@@ -3077,9 +3518,9 @@ Run with this command if you installed the [Ruby gem](https://rubygems.org/gems/
 ruby -r glimmer-dsl-libui -e "require 'examples/basic_scrolling_area'"
 ```
 
-Mac |
-----|
-![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-dynamic-area.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-scrolling-area.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-dynamic-area-updated.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-scrolling-area-scrolled.png)
+Mac | Linux
+----|------
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-dynamic-area.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-scrolling-area.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-dynamic-area-updated.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-scrolling-area-scrolled.png) | ![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-dynamic-area.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-basic-scrolling-area.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-dynamic-area-updated.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-basic-scrolling-area-scrolled.png)
 
 New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version:
 
@@ -4400,6 +4841,56 @@ window('Area Gallery', 400, 400) {
 }.show
 ```
 
+#### Button Counter
+
+[examples/button_counter.rb](examples/button_counter.rb)
+
+Run with this command from the root of the project if you cloned the project:
+
+```
+ruby -r './lib/glimmer-dsl-libui' examples/button_counter.rb
+```
+
+Run with this command if you installed the [Ruby gem](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui):
+
+```
+ruby -r glimmer-dsl-libui -e "require 'examples/button_counter'"
+```
+
+Mac | Linux
+----|------
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-button-counter.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-button-counter.png) | ![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-button-counter.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-button-counter.png)
+
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version:
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+class ButtonCounter
+  include Glimmer
+
+  attr_accessor :count
+
+  def initialize
+    @count = 0
+  end
+
+  def launch
+    window('Hello, Button!') {
+      button {
+        text <= [self, :count, on_read: ->(count) {"Count: #{count}"}] # data-bind button text to self count, converting to string on read.
+        
+        on_clicked do
+          self.count += 1
+        end
+      }
+    }.show
+  end
+end
+
+ButtonCounter.new.launch
+```
+
 #### Color The Circles
 
 [examples/color_the_circles.rb](examples/color_the_circles.rb)
@@ -4451,7 +4942,8 @@ class ColorTheCircles
   end
   
   def register_observers
-    observer = Glimmer::DataBinding::Observer.proc do |new_score|
+    # observe automatically enhances self to become Glimmer::DataBinding::ObservableModel and notify observer block of score attribute changes
+    observe(self, :score) do |new_score|
       Glimmer::LibUI.queue_main do
         @score_label.text = new_score.to_s
         if new_score == -20
@@ -4465,7 +4957,6 @@ class ColorTheCircles
         end
       end
     end
-    observer.observe(self, :score) # automatically enhances self to become Glimmer::DataBinding::ObservableModel and notify observer on score attribute changes
   end
   
   def setup_circle_factory
@@ -5596,7 +6087,120 @@ Mac | Windows | Linux
 ----|---------|------
 ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-form-table.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-form-table.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-form-table-contact-entered.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-form-table-contact-entered.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-form-table-filtered.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-form-table-filtered.png) | ![glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-form-table.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-form-table.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-form-table-contact-entered.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-form-table-contact-entered.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-form-table-filtered.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-form-table-filtered.png) | ![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-form-table.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-form-table.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-form-table-contact-entered.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-form-table-contact-entered.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-form-table-filtered.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-form-table-filtered.png)
 
-New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version:
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version (with [data-binding](#data-binding)):
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+class FormTable
+  include Glimmer
+  
+  attr_accessor :name, :email, :phone, :city, :state, :filter_value
+  
+  def initialize
+    @data = [
+      ['Lisa Sky', 'lisa@sky.com', '720-523-4329', 'Denver', 'CO', '80014'],
+      ['Jordan Biggins', 'jordan@biggins.com', '617-528-5399', 'Boston', 'MA', '02101'],
+      ['Mary Glass', 'mary@glass.com', '847-589-8788', 'Elk Grove Village', 'IL', '60007'],
+      ['Darren McGrath', 'darren@mcgrath.com', '206-539-9283', 'Seattle', 'WA', '98101'],
+      ['Melody Hanheimer', 'melody@hanheimer.com', '213-493-8274', 'Los Angeles', 'CA', '90001'],
+    ]
+  end
+  
+  def launch
+    window('Contacts', 600, 600) { |w|
+      margined true
+      
+      vertical_box {
+        form {
+          stretchy false
+          
+          entry {
+            label 'Name'
+            text <=> [self, :name]
+          }
+          
+          entry {
+            label 'Email'
+            text <=> [self, :email]
+          }
+          
+          entry {
+            label 'Phone'
+            text <=> [self, :phone]
+          }
+          
+          entry {
+            label 'City'
+            text <=> [self, :city]
+          }
+          
+          entry {
+            label 'State'
+            text <=> [self, :state]
+          }
+        }
+        
+        button('Save Contact') {
+          stretchy false
+          
+          on_clicked do
+            new_row = [name, email, phone, city, state]
+            if new_row.include?('')
+              msg_box_error(w, 'Validation Error!', 'All fields are required! Please make sure to enter a value for all fields.')
+            else
+              @data << new_row # automatically inserts a row into the table due to implicit data-binding
+              @unfiltered_data = @data.dup
+              self.name = '' # automatically clears name entry through explicit data-binding
+              self.email = ''
+              self.phone = ''
+              self.city = ''
+              self.state = ''
+            end
+          end
+        }
+        
+        search_entry {
+          stretchy false
+          text <=> [self, :filter_value, # bidirectional data-binding of text to self.filter_value with after_write option
+            after_write: ->(filter_value) { # execute after write to self.filter_value
+              @unfiltered_data ||= @data.dup
+              # Unfilter first to remove any previous filters
+              @data.replace(@unfiltered_data) # affects table indirectly through implicit data-binding
+              # Now, apply filter if entered
+              unless filter_value.empty?
+                @data.filter! do |row_data| # affects table indirectly through implicit data-binding
+                  row_data.any? do |cell|
+                    cell.to_s.downcase.include?(filter_value.downcase)
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+        
+        table {
+          text_column('Name')
+          text_column('Email')
+          text_column('Phone')
+          text_column('City')
+          text_column('State')
+    
+          cell_rows @data # implicit data-binding
+          
+          on_changed do |row, type, row_data|
+            puts "Row #{row} #{type}: #{row_data}"
+          end
+        }
+      }
+    }.show
+  end
+end
+
+FormTable.new.launch
+```
+
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 2 (without [data-binding](#data-binding)):
 
 ```ruby
 require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
@@ -6175,7 +6779,259 @@ Mac | Windows | Linux
 ----|---------|------
 ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-login.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-login.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-login-logged-in.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-login-logged-in.png) | ![glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-login.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-login.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-login-logged-in.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-login-logged-in.png) | ![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-login.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-login.png) ![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-login-logged-in.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-login-logged-in.png)
 
-New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version:
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version (with [data-binding](#data-binding)):
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+class Login
+  include Glimmer
+  
+  attr_accessor :username, :password, :logged_in
+  
+  def launch
+    window('Login') {
+      margined true
+      
+      vertical_box {
+        form {
+          entry {
+            label 'Username:'
+            text <=> [self, :username]
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_in, on_read: :!]
+          }
+          
+          password_entry {
+            label 'Password:'
+            text <=> [self, :password]
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_in, on_read: :!]
+          }
+        }
+        
+        horizontal_box {
+          button('Login') {
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_in, on_read: :!]
+            
+            on_clicked do
+              self.logged_in = true
+            end
+          }
+          
+          button('Logout') {
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_in]
+            
+            on_clicked do
+              self.logged_in = false
+              self.username = ''
+              self.password = ''
+            end
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }.show
+  end
+end
+
+Login.new.launch
+```
+
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 2 (with [data-binding](#data-binding)):
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+class Login
+  include Glimmer
+  
+  attr_accessor :username, :password, :logged_in
+  
+  def logged_out
+    !logged_in
+  end
+  
+  def launch
+    window('Login') {
+      margined true
+      
+      vertical_box {
+        form {
+          entry {
+            label 'Username:'
+            text <=> [self, :username]
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_out, computed_by: :logged_in] # computed_by option ensures being notified of changes to logged_in
+          }
+          
+          password_entry {
+            label 'Password:'
+            text <=> [self, :password]
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_out, computed_by: :logged_in]
+          }
+        }
+        
+        horizontal_box {
+          button('Login') {
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_out, computed_by: :logged_in]
+            
+            on_clicked do
+              self.logged_in = true
+            end
+          }
+          
+          button('Logout') {
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_in]
+            
+            on_clicked do
+              self.logged_in = false
+              self.username = ''
+              self.password = ''
+            end
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }.show
+  end
+end
+
+Login.new.launch
+```
+
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 3 (with [data-binding](#data-binding)):
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+class Login
+  include Glimmer
+  
+  attr_accessor :username, :password
+  attr_reader :logged_in
+  
+  def logged_in=(value)
+    @logged_in = value
+    self.logged_out = !value # calling logged_out= method notifies logged_out observers
+  end
+  
+  def logged_out=(value)
+    self.logged_in = !value unless logged_in == !value
+  end
+  
+  def logged_out
+    !logged_in
+  end
+  
+  def launch
+    window('Login') {
+      margined true
+      
+      vertical_box {
+        form {
+          entry {
+            label 'Username:'
+            text <=> [self, :username]
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_out]
+          }
+          
+          password_entry {
+            label 'Password:'
+            text <=> [self, :password]
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_out]
+          }
+        }
+        
+        horizontal_box {
+          button('Login') {
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_out]
+            
+            on_clicked do
+              self.logged_in = true
+            end
+          }
+          
+          button('Logout') {
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_in]
+            
+            on_clicked do
+              self.logged_in = false
+              self.username = ''
+              self.password = ''
+            end
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }.show
+  end
+end
+
+Login.new.launch
+```
+
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 4 (with [data-binding](#data-binding)):
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+class Login
+  include Glimmer
+  
+  attr_accessor :username, :password
+  attr_reader :logged_in
+  
+  def logged_in=(value)
+    @logged_in = value
+    notify_observers(:logged_out) # manually notify observers of logged_out upon logged_in changes; this method comes automatically from enhancement as Glimmer::DataBinding::ObservableModel via data-binding
+  end
+  
+  def logged_out
+    !logged_in
+  end
+  
+  def launch
+    window('Login') {
+      margined true
+      
+      vertical_box {
+        form {
+          entry {
+            label 'Username:'
+            text <=> [self, :username]
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_out]
+          }
+          
+          password_entry {
+            label 'Password:'
+            text <=> [self, :password]
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_out]
+          }
+        }
+        
+        horizontal_box {
+          button('Login') {
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_out]
+            
+            on_clicked do
+              self.logged_in = true
+            end
+          }
+          
+          button('Logout') {
+            enabled <= [self, :logged_in]
+            
+            on_clicked do
+              self.logged_in = false
+              self.username = ''
+              self.password = ''
+            end
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }.show
+  end
+end
+
+Login.new.launch
+```
+
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 5 (without [data-binding](#data-binding)):
 
 ```ruby
 require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
@@ -6243,7 +7099,102 @@ Mac | Windows | Linux
 ----|---------|------
 ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-method-based-custom-keyword.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-method-based-custom-keyword.png) | ![glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-method-based-custom-keyword.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-windows-method-based-custom-keyword.png) | ![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-method-based-custom-keyword.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-method-based-custom-keyword.png)
 
-New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version:
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version (with [data-binding](#data-binding)):
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+require 'facets'
+
+include Glimmer
+
+Address = Struct.new(:street, :p_o_box, :city, :state, :zip_code)
+
+def form_field(model, attribute)
+  attribute = attribute.to_s
+  entry { |e|
+    label attribute.underscore.split('_').map(&:capitalize).join(' ')
+    text <=> [model, attribute]
+  }
+end
+
+def address_form(address)
+  form {
+    form_field(address, :street)
+    form_field(address, :p_o_box)
+    form_field(address, :city)
+    form_field(address, :state)
+    form_field(address, :zip_code)
+  }
+end
+
+def label_pair(model, attribute, value)
+  horizontal_box {
+    label(attribute.to_s.underscore.split('_').map(&:capitalize).join(' '))
+    label(value.to_s) {
+      text <= [model, attribute]
+    }
+  }
+end
+
+def address(address)
+  vertical_box {
+    address.each_pair do |attribute, value|
+      label_pair(address, attribute, value)
+    end
+  }
+end
+
+address1 = Address.new('123 Main St', '23923', 'Denver', 'Colorado', '80014')
+address2 = Address.new('2038 Park Ave', '83272', 'Boston', 'Massachusetts', '02101')
+
+window('Method-Based Custom Keyword') {
+  margined true
+  
+  horizontal_box {
+    vertical_box {
+      label('Address 1') {
+        stretchy false
+      }
+      
+      address_form(address1)
+      
+      horizontal_separator {
+        stretchy false
+      }
+      
+      label('Address 1 (Saved)') {
+        stretchy false
+      }
+      
+      address(address1)
+    }
+    
+    vertical_separator {
+      stretchy false
+    }
+    
+    vertical_box {
+      label('Address 2') {
+        stretchy false
+      }
+      
+      address_form(address2)
+      
+      horizontal_separator {
+        stretchy false
+      }
+      
+      label('Address 2 (Saved)') {
+        stretchy false
+      }
+      
+      address(address2)
+    }
+  }
+}.show
+```
+
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 2 (without [data-binding](#data-binding)):
 
 ```ruby
 require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
@@ -6282,9 +7233,9 @@ def label_pair(model, attribute, value)
     name_label = label(attribute.to_s.underscore.split('_').map(&:capitalize).join(' '))
     value_label = label(value.to_s)
   }
-  Glimmer::DataBinding::Observer.proc do
+  observe(model, attribute) do
     value_label.text = model.send(attribute)
-  end.observe(model, attribute)
+  end
 end
 
 def address(address)
@@ -6591,14 +7542,14 @@ New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version
 
 ```ruby
 require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
-require 'glimmer/data_binding/observer'
 
 require_relative 'snake/presenter/grid'
 
 class Snake
+  include Glimmer
+  
   CELL_SIZE = 15
   SNAKE_MOVE_DELAY = 0.1
-  include Glimmer
   
   def initialize
     @game = Model::Game.new
@@ -6644,7 +7595,7 @@ class Snake
             @game.width.times do |column|
               area {
                 square(0, 0, CELL_SIZE) {
-                  fill <= [@grid.cells[row][column], :color]
+                  fill <= [@grid.cells[row][column], :color] # data-bind square fill to grid cell color
                 }
                 
                 on_key_up do |area_key_event|
@@ -6739,7 +7690,7 @@ class Tetris
   end
   
   def register_observers
-    Glimmer::DataBinding::Observer.proc do |game_over|
+    observe(@game, :game_over) do |game_over|
       if game_over
         @pause_menu_item.enabled = false
         show_game_over_dialog
@@ -6747,11 +7698,11 @@ class Tetris
         @pause_menu_item.enabled = true
         start_moving_tetrominos_down
       end
-    end.observe(@game, :game_over)
+    end
     
     Model::Game::PLAYFIELD_HEIGHT.times do |row|
       Model::Game::PLAYFIELD_WIDTH.times do |column|
-        Glimmer::DataBinding::Observer.proc do |new_color|
+        observe(@game.playfield[row][column], :color) do |new_color|
           Glimmer::LibUI.queue_main do
             color = Glimmer::LibUI.interpret_color(new_color)
             block = @playfield_blocks[row][column]
@@ -6762,13 +7713,13 @@ class Tetris
             block[:left_bevel_edge].fill = {r: color[:r] - BEVEL_CONSTANT, g: color[:g] - BEVEL_CONSTANT, b: color[:b] - BEVEL_CONSTANT}
             block[:border_square].stroke = new_color == Model::Block::COLOR_CLEAR ? COLOR_GRAY : color
           end
-        end.observe(@game.playfield[row][column], :color)
+        end
       end
     end
     
     Model::Game::PREVIEW_PLAYFIELD_HEIGHT.times do |row|
       Model::Game::PREVIEW_PLAYFIELD_WIDTH.times do |column|
-        Glimmer::DataBinding::Observer.proc do |new_color|
+        observe(@game.preview_playfield[row][column], :color) do |new_color|
           Glimmer::LibUI.queue_main do
             color = Glimmer::LibUI.interpret_color(new_color)
             block = @preview_playfield_blocks[row][column]
@@ -6779,27 +7730,27 @@ class Tetris
             block[:left_bevel_edge].fill = {r: color[:r] - BEVEL_CONSTANT, g: color[:g] - BEVEL_CONSTANT, b: color[:b] - BEVEL_CONSTANT}
             block[:border_square].stroke = new_color == Model::Block::COLOR_CLEAR ? COLOR_GRAY : color
           end
-        end.observe(@game.preview_playfield[row][column], :color)
+        end
       end
     end
 
-    Glimmer::DataBinding::Observer.proc do |new_score|
+    observe(@game, :score) do |new_score|
       Glimmer::LibUI.queue_main do
         @score_label.text = new_score.to_s
       end
-    end.observe(@game, :score)
+    end
 
-    Glimmer::DataBinding::Observer.proc do |new_lines|
+    observe(@game, :lines) do |new_lines|
       Glimmer::LibUI.queue_main do
         @lines_label.text = new_lines.to_s
       end
-    end.observe(@game, :lines)
+    end
 
-    Glimmer::DataBinding::Observer.proc do |new_level|
+    observe(@game, :level) do |new_level|
       Glimmer::LibUI.queue_main do
         @level_label.text = new_level.to_s
       end
-    end.observe(@game, :level)
+    end
   end
   
   def menu_bar