glimmer-dsl-libui 0.1.2 → 0.1.6

data/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer/master/images/glimmer-logo-hi-res.png" height=85 />](https://github.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer) Glimmer DSL for LibUI 0.1.2
+# [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer/master/images/glimmer-logo-hi-res.png" height=85 />](https://github.com/AndyObtiva/glimmer) Glimmer DSL for LibUI 0.1.6
 ## Prerequisite-Free Ruby Desktop Development GUI Library
 [![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/glimmer-dsl-libui.svg)](http://badge.fury.io/rb/glimmer-dsl-libui)
 [![Maintainability](https://api.codeclimate.com/v1/badges/ce2853efdbecf6ebdc73/maintainability)](https://codeclimate.com/github/AndyObtiva/glimmer-dsl-libui/maintainability)
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ The main trade-off in using [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/gl
 - Scaffolding for new custom controls, apps, and gems
 - Native-Executable packaging on Mac, Windows, and Linux.
 
-Example:
+Hello, World!
 
 ```ruby
 require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
@@ -32,6 +32,106 @@ window('hello world').show
 ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-window.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-window.png)
 ![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-basic-window.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-basic-window.png)
 
+Basic Table Progress Bar
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+include Glimmer
+
+data = [
+  ['task 1', 0],
+  ['task 2', 15],
+  ['task 3', 100],
+  ['task 4', 75],
+  ['task 5', -1],
+]
+
+window('Task Progress', 300, 200) {
+  vertical_box {
+    table {
+      text_column('Task')
+      progress_bar_column('Progress')
+
+      cell_rows data # implicit data-binding
+    }
+    
+    button('Mark All As Done') {
+      stretchy false
+      
+      on_clicked do
+        data.each_with_index do |row_data, row|
+          data[row] = [row_data[0], 100] # automatically updates table due to implicit data-binding
+        end
+      end
+    }
+  }
+}.show
+```
+
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-table-progress-bar.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-table-progress-bar.png)
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-basic-table-progress-bar.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-basic-table-progress-bar.png)
+
+Area Gallery
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+include Glimmer
+
+window('Area Gallery', 400, 400) {
+  area {
+    path { # declarative stable path
+      square(0, 0, 100)
+      square(100, 100, 400)
+      
+      fill r: 102, g: 102, b: 204
+    }
+    path { # declarative stable path
+      rectangle(0, 100, 100, 400)
+      rectangle(100, 0, 400, 100)
+      
+      fill r: 204, g: 102, b: 204
+    }
+    path { # declarative stable path
+      figure(100, 100) {
+        line(100, 400)
+        line(400, 100)
+        line(400, 400)
+
+        closed true
+      }
+
+      fill r: 202, g: 102, b: 104, a: 0.5
+      stroke r: 0, g: 0, b: 0
+    }
+    path { # declarative stable path
+      figure(0, 0) {
+        bezier(200, 100, 100, 200, 400, 100)
+        bezier(300, 100, 100, 300, 100, 400)
+        bezier(100, 300, 300, 100, 400, 400)
+
+        closed true
+      }
+
+      fill r: 202, g: 102, b: 204, a: 0.5
+      stroke thickness: 2, r: 0, g: 0, b: 0
+    }
+    path { # declarative stable path
+      arc(200, 200, 90, 0, 360, false)
+
+      fill r: 202, g: 102, b: 204, a: 0.5
+      stroke thickness: 2, r: 0, g: 0, b: 0
+    }
+  }
+}.show
+```
+
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-area-gallery.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-area-gallery.png)
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-area-gallery.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-area-gallery.png)
+
+[Check Out Many More Examples Over Here!](#examples)
+
 NOTE: [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) is in early alpha mode (only supports included [examples](#examples)). Please help make better by contributing, adopting for small or low risk projects, and providing feedback. It is still an early alpha, so the more feedback and issues you report the better.
 
 Other [Glimmer](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer) DSL gems you might be interested in:
@@ -43,9 +143,10 @@ Other [Glimmer](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer) DSL gems you might be interes
 
 ## Table of Contents
 
-  - [Glimmer DSL for LibUI 0.1.2](#-glimmer-dsl-for-libui-012)
+- [Glimmer DSL for LibUI 0.1.6](#-glimmer-dsl-for-libui-016)
   - [Glimmer GUI DSL Concepts](#glimmer-gui-dsl-concepts)
   - [Usage](#usage)
+  - [Girb (Glimmer IRB)](#girb-glimmer-irb)
   - [API](#api)
     - [Supported Controls](#supported-controls)
     - [Common Control Properties](#common-control-properties)
@@ -58,7 +159,6 @@ Other [Glimmer](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer) DSL gems you might be interes
     - [API Gotchas](#api-gotchas)
     - [Original API](#original-api)
   - [Glimmer Style Guide](#glimmer-style-guide)
-  - [Girb (Glimmer IRB)](#girb-glimmer-irb)
   - [Examples](#examples)
     - [Basic Window](#basic-window)
     - [Basic Button](#basic-button)
@@ -83,6 +183,9 @@ Other [Glimmer](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer) DSL gems you might be interes
     - [Form Table](#form-table)
     - [Basic Area](#basic-area)
     - [Dynamic Area](#dynamic-area)
+    - [Area Gallery](#area-gallery)
+    - [Histogram](#histogram)
+    - [Basic Transform](#basic-transform)
   - [Contributing to glimmer-dsl-libui](#contributing-to-glimmer-dsl-libui)
   - [Help](#help)
     - [Issues](#issues)
@@ -146,10 +249,10 @@ require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
 
 include Glimmer
 
-window('hello world', 300, 200) { |w|
+window('hello world', 300, 200) {
   button('Button') {
     on_clicked do
-      msg_box(w, 'Information', 'You clicked the button')
+      msg_box('Information', 'You clicked the button')
     end
   }
   
@@ -170,7 +273,7 @@ gem install glimmer-dsl-libui
 Or install via Bundler `Gemfile`:
 
 ```ruby
-gem 'glimmer-dsl-libui', '~> 0.1.2'
+gem 'glimmer-dsl-libui', '~> 0.1.6'
 ```
 
 Add `require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'` at the top, and then `include Glimmer` into the top-level main object for testing or into an actual class for serious usage.
@@ -197,6 +300,24 @@ end
 Application.new.launch
 ```
 
+If you are new to [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui), check out [Girb](#girb-glimmer-irb) and [Examples](#examples) to quickly learn through copy/paste. You may refer to the [API](#api) later on once you have gotten your feet wet with [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) and need more detailed reference information.
+
+## Girb (Glimmer IRB)
+
+You can run the `girb` command (`bin/girb` if you cloned the project locally) to do some quick and dirty experimentation and learning:
+
+```
+girb
+```
+
+This gives you `irb` with the `glimmer-dsl-libui` gem loaded and the `Glimmer` module mixed into the main object for easy experimentation with GUI.
+
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-girb.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-girb.png)
+
+For a more advanced code editing tool, check out the [Meta-Example (The Example of Examples)](#examples).
+
+Gotcha: On the Mac, when you close a window opened in `girb`, it remains open until you enter `exit` or open another GUI window.
+
 ## API
 
 Any control returned by a [Glimmer GUI DSL](#glimmer-gui-dsl-concepts) keyword declaration can be introspected for its properties and updated via object-oriented attributes (standard Ruby `attr`/`attr=` or `set_attr`).
@@ -227,6 +348,8 @@ Control(Args) | Properties | Listeners
 ------------- | ---------- | ---------
 `about_menu_item` | None | `on_clicked`
 `area` | None | `on_draw`
+`arc(x_center as Numeric, y_center as Numeric, radius as Numeric, start_angle as Numeric, sweep as Numeric, is_negative as Boolean)` | `x_center` (`Numeric`), `y_center` (`Numeric`), `radius` (`Numeric`), `start_angle` (`Numeric`), `sweep` (`Numeric`), `is_negative` (Boolean) | None
+`bezier(c1_x as Numeric, c1_y as Numeric, c2_x as Numeric, c2_y as Numeric, end_x as Numeric, end_y as Numeric)` | `c1_x` (`Numeric`), `c1_y` (`Numeric`), `c2_x` (`Numeric`), `c2_y` (`Numeric`), `end_x` (`Numeric`), `end_y` (`Numeric`) | None
 `button(text as String)` | `text` (`String`) | `on_clicked`
 `button_column(name as String)` | `enabled` (Boolean) | None
 `checkbox(text as String)` | `checked` (Boolean), `text` (`String`) | `on_toggled`
@@ -238,6 +361,7 @@ Control(Args) | Properties | Listeners
 `date_time_picker` | `time` (`Hash` of keys: `sec` as `Integer`, `min` as `Integer`, `hour` as `Integer`, `mday` as `Integer`, `mon` as `Integer`, `year` as `Integer`, `wday` as `Integer`, `yday` as `Integer`, `dst` as Boolean) | `on_changed`
 `editable_combobox` | `items` (`Array` of `String`), `text` (`String`) | `on_changed`
 `entry` | `read_only` (Boolean), `text` (`String`) | `on_changed`
+`figure(x=nil as Numeric, y=nil as Numeric)` | `x` (`Numeric`), `y` (`Numeric`), `closed` (Boolean) | None
 `font_button` | `font` [read-only] (`Hash` of keys: `:family`, `:size`, `:weight`, `:italic`, `:stretch`), `family` as `String`, `size` as `Float`, `weight` as `Integer`, `italic` as `Integer`, `stretch` as `Integer` | `on_changed`
 `form` | `padded` (Boolean) | None
 `grid` | `padded` (Boolean) | None
@@ -249,11 +373,13 @@ Control(Args) | Properties | Listeners
 `image_column(name as String)` | None | None
 `image_text_column(name as String)` | None | None
 `label(text as String)` | `text` (`String`) | None
+`line(x as Numeric, y as Numeric)` | `x` (`Numeric`), `y` (`Numeric`) | None
+`matrix(m11 = nil as Numeric, m12 = nil as Numeric, m21 = nil as Numeric, m22 = nil as Numeric, m31 = nil as Numeric, m32 = nil as Numeric)` | `m11` (`Numeric`), `m12` (`Numeric`), `m21` (`Numeric`), `m22` (`Numeric`), `m31` (`Numeric`), `m32` (`Numeric`) | None
 `menu(text as String)` | None | None
 `menu_item(text as String)` | `checked` (Boolean) | `on_clicked`
 `multiline_entry` | `read_only` (Boolean), `text` (`String`) | `on_changed`
-`msg_box(window as Glimmer::LibUI::WindowProxy, title as String, description as String)` | None | None
-`msg_box_error(window as Glimmer::LibUI::WindowProxy, title as String, description as String)` | None | None
+`msg_box(window = main_window as Glimmer::LibUI::WindowProxy, title as String, description as String)` | None | None
+`msg_box_error(window = main_window as Glimmer::LibUI::WindowProxy, title as String, description as String)` | None | None
 `non_wrapping_multiline_entry` | `read_only` (Boolean), `text` (`String`) | `on_changed`
 `path` | `fill` (`Hash` of `:r` as `0`-`255`, `:g` as `0`-`255`, `:b` as `0`-`255`, `:a` as `0.0`-`1.0`), `stroke` (`Hash` of `:r` as `0`-`255`, `:g` as `0`-`255`, `:b` as `0`-`255`, `:a` as `0.0`-`1.0`, `:cap` as `Numeric`, `:join` as `Numeric`, `:thickness` as `Numeric`, `:miter_limit` as `Numeric` ) | None
 `preferences_menu_item` | None | `on_clicked`
@@ -261,14 +387,15 @@ Control(Args) | Properties | Listeners
 `progress_bar_column(name as String)` | None | None
 `quit_menu_item` | None | `on_clicked`
 `radio_buttons` | `selected` (`Integer`) | `on_selected`
-`rectangle(x as Numeric, y as Numeric, width as Numeric, height as Numeric)` | None | None
+`rectangle(x as Numeric, y as Numeric, width as Numeric, height as Numeric)` |  `x` (`Numeric`), `y` (`Numeric`), `width` (`Numeric`), `height` (`Numeric`) | None
 `slider(min as Numeric, max as Numeric)` | `value` (`Numeric`) | `on_changed`
 `spinbox(min as Numeric, max as Numeric)` | `value` (`Numeric`) | `on_changed`
+`square(x as Numeric, y as Numeric, length as Numeric)` | `x` (`Numeric`), `y` (`Numeric`), `length` (`Numeric`) | None
 `tab` | `margined` (Boolean), `num_pages` (`Integer`) | None
 `tab_item(name as String)` | `index` [read-only] (`Integer`), `margined` (Boolean), `name` [read-only] (`String`) | None
 `table` | `cell_rows` (`Array` (rows) of `Arrays` (row columns) of cell values (e.g. `String` values for `text_column` cells or `Array` of `image`/`String` for `image_text_column`)), `editable` as Boolean | None
 `text_column(name as String)` | `editable` (Boolean) | None
-`time_picker` | `time` (`Hash` of keys: `sec` as `Integer`, `min` as `Integer`, `hour` as `Integer`, `mday` as `Integer`, `mon` as `Integer`, `year` as `Integer`, `wday` as `Integer`, `yday` as `Integer`, `dst` as Boolean) | `on_changed`
+`time_picker` | `time` (`Hash` of keys: `sec` as `Integer`, `min` as `Integer`, `hour` as `Integer`) | `on_changed`
 `vertical_box` | `padded` (Boolean) | None
 `window(title as String, width as Integer, height as Integer, has_menubar as Boolean)` | `borderless` (Boolean), `content_size` (width `Numeric`, height `Numeric`), `fullscreen` (Boolean), `margined` (Boolean), `title` (`String`) | `on_closing`, `on_content_size_changed`, `on_destroy`
 
@@ -328,11 +455,85 @@ Note that the `cell_rows` property declaration results in "implicit data-binding
 - Inserting cell rows: Calling `Array#<<`, `Array#push`, `Array#prepend`, or any insertion/addition `Array` method automatically inserts rows in actual `table` control
 - Changing cell rows: Calling `Array#[]=`, `Array#map!`, or any update `Array` method automatically updates rows in actual `table` control
 
+Example (you may copy/paste in [`girb`](#girb-glimmer-irb)):
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+include Glimmer
+
+data = [
+  ['Lisa Sky', 'lisa@sky.com', '720-523-4329', 'Denver', 'CO', '80014'],
+  ['Jordan Biggins', 'jordan@biggins.com', '617-528-5399', 'Boston', 'MA', '02101'],
+  ['Mary Glass', 'mary@glass.com', '847-589-8788', 'Elk Grove Village', 'IL', '60007'],
+  ['Darren McGrath', 'darren@mcgrath.com', '206-539-9283', 'Seattle', 'WA', '98101'],
+  ['Melody Hanheimer', 'melody@hanheimer.com', '213-493-8274', 'Los Angeles', 'CA', '90001'],
+]
+
+window('Contacts', 600, 600) { |w|
+  margined true
+  
+  vertical_box {
+    form {
+      stretchy false
+      
+      @name_entry = entry {
+        label 'Name'
+      }
+      @email_entry = entry {
+        label 'Email'
+      }
+      @phone_entry = entry {
+        label 'Phone'
+      }
+      @city_entry = entry {
+        label 'City'
+      }
+      @state_entry = entry {
+        label 'State'
+      }
+    }
+    
+    button('Save Contact') {
+      stretchy false
+      
+      on_clicked do
+        new_row = [@name_entry.text, @email_entry.text, @phone_entry.text, @city_entry.text, @state_entry.text]
+        if new_row.include?('')
+          msg_box_error(w, 'Validation Error!', 'All fields are required! Please make sure to enter a value for all fields.')
+        else
+          data << new_row # automatically inserts a row into the table due to implicit data-binding
+          @name_entry.text = ''
+          @email_entry.text = ''
+          @phone_entry.text = ''
+          @city_entry.text = ''
+          @state_entry.text = ''
+        end
+      end
+    }
+    
+    table {
+      text_column('Name')
+      text_column('Email')
+      text_column('Phone')
+      text_column('City')
+      text_column('State')
+
+      cell_rows data # implicit data-binding
+    }
+  }
+}.show
+```
+
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-form-table.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-form-table.png)
+
+Learn more by checking out [examples](#examples).
+
 ### Area API
 
-The `area` control can be used in one of two ways:
-- Declaratively via stable paths: useful for stable paths that will not change later on. Simply nest `path` and figures like `rectangle` and all drawing logic is generated automatically. Paths proxy objects are preserved across redraws assuming there would be few stable paths (mostly for decorative reasons).
-- Semi-declaratively via on_draw listener dynamic paths: useful for more dynamic paths that will definitely change. Open an `on_draw` listener block and nest `path(area_draw_params)` and figures like `rectangle` and all drawing logic is generated automatically. Path proxy objects are destroyed (thrown-away) at the end of drawing, thus having less memory overhead for drawing thousands of dynamic paths.
+The `area` control is a canvas-like control for drawing paths that can be used in one of two ways:
+- Declaratively via stable paths: useful for stable paths that will not change later on. Simply nest `path` and figures like `rectangle` and all drawing logic is generated automatically. Path proxy objects are preserved across redraws assuming there would be few stable paths (mostly for decorative reasons).
+- Semi-declaratively via on_draw listener dynamic paths: useful for more dynamic paths that will definitely change. Open an `on_draw` listener block that receives a `area_draw_params` argument and nest `path` and figures like `rectangle` and all drawing logic is generated automatically. Path proxy objects are destroyed (thrown-away) at the end of drawing, thus having less memory overhead for drawing thousands of dynamic paths.
 
 Here is an example of a declarative `area` with a stable path (you may copy/paste in [`girb`](#girb-glimmer-irb)):
 
@@ -358,7 +559,7 @@ window('Basic Area', 400, 400) {
 
 ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-area.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-area.png)
 
-Here is the same example using a semi-declarative `area` with `on_draw` listener and a dynamic path (you may copy/paste in [`girb`](#girb-glimmer-irb)):
+Here is the same example using a semi-declarative `area` with `on_draw` listener that receives a `area_draw_params` argument and a dynamic path (you may copy/paste in [`girb`](#girb-glimmer-irb)):
 
 ```ruby
 require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
@@ -371,7 +572,7 @@ window('Basic Area', 400, 400) {
   vertical_box {
     area {
       on_draw do |area_draw_params|
-        path(area_draw_params) { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
+        path { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
           rectangle(0, 0, 400, 400)
           
           fill r: 102, g: 102, b: 204, a: 1.0
@@ -384,16 +585,108 @@ window('Basic Area', 400, 400) {
 
 Check [examples/dynamic_area.rb](#dynamic-area) for a more detailed semi-declarative example.
 
-In general, it is recommended to use declarative stable paths whenever feasible since they require less code and simpler maintenance. But, in more advanced cases, semi-declarative dynamic paths could be used instead, especially if there are thousands of paths.
+Available nested `path` shapes:
+- `rectangle(x as Numeric, y as Numeric, width as Numeric, height as Numeric)`
+- `square(x as Numeric, y as Numeric, length as Numeric)`
+- `arc(x_center as Numeric, y_center as Numeric, radius as Numeric, start_angle as Numeric, sweep as Numeric, is_negative as Boolean)`
+- `line(x as Numeric, y as Numeric)`
+- `bezier(c1_x as Numeric, c1_y as Numeric, c2_x as Numeric, c2_y as Numeric, end_x as Numeric, end_y as Numeric)`
+- `figure(x=nil as Numeric, y=nil as Numeric)` (composite that can contain other shapes) (can set `closed true` to connect last point to first point automatically)
+
+Check [examples/area_gallery.rb](#area-gallery) for an overiew of all `path` shapes.
+
+The `area_draw_params` argument for `on_draw` block is a hash consisting of the following keys:
+- `:context`: the drawing context object
+- `:area_width`: area width
+- `:area_height`: area height
+- `:clip_x`: clip region top-left x coordinate
+- `:clip_y`: clip region top-left y coordinate
+- `:clip_width`: clip region width
+- `:clip_height`: clip region height
+
+In general, it is recommended to use declarative stable paths whenever feasible since they require less code and simpler maintenance. But, in more advanced cases, semi-declarative dynamic paths could be used instead, especially if there are thousands of dynamic paths that need maximum performance and low memory footprint.
+
+Note that when nesting an `area` directly underneath `window` (without a layout control like `vertical_box`), it is automatically reparented with `vertical_box` in between the `window` and `area` since it would not show up on Linux otherwise.
+
+To redraw an `area`, you may call the `#queue_redraw_all` method, or simply `#redraw`.
+
+A transform `matrix` can be set on a path by building a `matrix(m11 = nil, m12 = nil, m21 = nil, m22 = nil, m31 = nil, m32 = nil) {operations}` proxy object and then setting via `transform` property, or alternatively by building and setting the matrix in one call to `transform(m11 = nil, m12 = nil, m21 = nil, m22 = nil, m31 = nil, m32 = nil) {operations}` passing it the matrix arguments and/or content operations.
+
+When instantiating a `matrix` object, it always starts with identity matrix.
+
+Here are the following operations that can be performed in a `matrix` body:
+- `identity` [alias: `set_identity`]: resets matrix to identity matrix
+- `translate(x as Numeric, y as Numeric)`
+- `scale(x_center = 0 as Numeric, y_center = 0 as Numeric, x as Numeric, y as Numeric)`
+- `skew(x = 0 as Numeric, y = 0 as Numeric, x_amount as Numeric, y_amount as Numeric)`
+- `rotate(x = 0 as Numeric, y = 0 as Numeric, degrees as Numeric)`
+
+Example of using transform matrix (you may copy/paste in [`girb`](#girb-glimmer-irb)):
 
-To redraw an `area`, you may call `#queue_redraw_all` method.
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+include Glimmer
+
+window('Basic Transform', 350, 350) {
+  area {
+    path {
+      square(0, 0, 350)
+      
+      fill r: 255, g: 255, b: 0
+    }
+    40.times do |n|
+      path {
+        square(0, 0, 100)
+        
+        fill r: [255 - n*5, 0].max, g: [n*5, 255].min, b: 0, a: 0.5
+        stroke :black, thickness: 2
+        transform {
+          skew 0.15, 0.15
+          translate 50, 50
+          rotate 100, 100, -9 * n
+          scale 1.1, 1.1
+        }
+      }
+    end
+  }
+}.show
+```
+
+Keep in mind that this part could be written differently when there is a need to reuse the matrix:
+
+```ruby
+transform {
+  translate 100, 100
+  rotate 100, 100, -9 * n
+}
+```
+
+Alternatively:
+
+```ruby
+m1 = matrix {
+  translate 100, 100
+  rotate 100, 100, -9 * n
+}
+transform m1
+# and then reuse m1 elsewhere too
+```
+
+Note that `area`, `path`, and nested shapes are all truly declarative, meaning they do not care about the ordering of calls to `fill`, `stroke`, and `transform`. Furthermore, any transform that is applied is reversed at the end of the block, so you never have to worry about the ordering of `transform` calls among different paths. You simply set a transform on the `path`s that need it and it is guaranteed to be called before all its content is drawn, and then undone afterwards to avoid affecting later paths. Matrix `transform` can be set on an entire `area` too, applying to all nested `path`s.
+
+`fill` and `stroke` accept [X11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X11_color_names) color `Symbol`s/`String`s like `:skyblue` and `'sandybrown'` or 6-number hex or 3-number hex-shorthand (as `Integer` or `String` with or without `0x` prefix)
+
+Check [Basic Transform](#basic-transform) example for use of [X11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X11_color_names) colors.
+
+Check [Histogram](#histogram) example for use of hex colors.
 
 ### Smart Defaults and Conventions
 
 - `horizontal_box`, `vertical_box`, `grid`, and `form` controls have `padded` as `true` upon instantiation to ensure more user-friendly GUI by default
 - `group` controls have `margined` as `true` upon instantiation to ensure more user-friendly GUI by default
 - All controls nested under a `horizontal_box`, `vertical_box`, and `form` have `stretchy` property (fill maximum space) as `true` by default (passed to `box_append`/`form_append` method)
-- `window` instatiation args can be left off, having the following defaults when unspecified: `title` as `''`, `width` as `150`, `height` as `150`, and `has_menubar` as `true`)
+- `window` instatiation args can be left off, having the following defaults when unspecified: `title` as `''`, `width` as `190`, `height` as `150`, and `has_menubar` as `true`)
 - `window` has an `on_closing` listener by default that quits application upon hitting the close button (can be overridden with a manual `on_closing` implementation that returns integer `0` for success)
 - `group` has `title` property default to `''` if not specified in instantiation args, so it can be instantiated without args with `title` property specified in nested block (e.g. `group {title 'Address'; ...}`)
 - `button`, `checkbox`, and `label` have `text` default to `''` if not specified in instantiation args, so they can be instantiated without args with `text` property specified in nested block (e.g. `button {text 'Greet'; on_clicked {puts 'Hello'}}`)
@@ -419,11 +712,17 @@ To redraw an `area`, you may call `#queue_redraw_all` method.
 - `area` paths are specified declaratively with figures underneath (e.g. `rectangle`) and `area` draw listener is automatically generated
 - Observe figure properties (e.g. `rectangle` `width`) for changes and automatically redraw containing area accordingly
 - Observe `path` `fill` and `stroke` hashes for changes and automatically redraw containing area accordingly
+- All controls are protected from garbage collection until no longer needed (explicitly destroyed), so there is no need to worry about surprises.
+- All resources are freed automatically once no longer needed or left to garbage collection.
+- When nesting an `area` directly underneath `window` (without a layout control like `vertical_box`), it is automatically reparented with `vertical_box` in between the `window` and `area` since it would not show up on Linux otherwise.
+- Colors may be passed in as a hash of `:r`, `:g`, `:b`, `:a`, or `:red`, `:green`, `:blue`, `:alpha`, or [X11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X11_color_names) color like `:skyblue`, or 6-number hex or 3-number hex (as `Integer` or `String` with or without `0x` prefix)
+- Color alpha value defaults to `1.0` when not specified.
 
 ### API Gotchas
 
 - There is no proper way to destroy `grid` children due to [libui](https://github.com/andlabs/libui) not offering any API for deleting them from `grid` (no `grid_delete` similar to `box_delete` for `horizontal_box` and `vertical_box`).
 - `table` `checkbox_column` and `checkbox_text_column` checkbox editing only works on Windows and Linux (not Mac) due to a current limitation in [libui](https://github.com/andlabs/ui/issues/357).
+- It seems that `arc` `start_angle` and `sweep` properties are ignored by [libui](https://github.com/andlabs/libui) and always set to `0` and `360` respectively, producing a full circle.
 
 ### Original API
 
@@ -439,21 +738,9 @@ check out the [libui C headers](https://github.com/andlabs/libui/blob/master/ui.
 - Control listeners are always declared starting with on_ prefix and affixing listener event method name afterwards in underscored lowercase form. Their multi-line blocks have a `do; end` style.
 - Pure logic multi-line blocks that do not constitute GUI DSL view elements have `do; end` style to clearly separate logic code from view code.
 
-## Girb (Glimmer IRB)
-
-You can run the `girb` command (`bin/girb` if you cloned the project locally):
-
-```
-girb
-```
-
-This gives you `irb` with the `glimmer-dsl-libui` gem loaded and the `Glimmer` module mixed into the main object for easy experimentation with GUI.
-
-Gotcha: On the Mac, when you close a window opened in `girb`, it remains open until you enter `exit` or open another GUI window.
-
 ## Examples
 
-These examples include reimplementions of the examples in the [LibUI](https://github.com/kojix2/LibUI) project utilizing the [Glimmer GUI DSL](#glimmer-gui-dsl-concepts) as well as brand new examples.
+The following examples include reimplementions of the examples in the [LibUI](https://github.com/kojix2/LibUI) project utilizing the [Glimmer GUI DSL](#glimmer-gui-dsl-concepts) as well as brand new examples.
 
 To browse all examples, simply launch the [Meta-Example](examples/meta_example.rb), which lists all examples and displays each example's code when selected. It also enables code editing to facilitate experimentation and learning.
 
@@ -507,7 +794,7 @@ class MetaExample
   end
   
   def launch
-    window('Meta-Example', 700, 500) { |w|
+    window('Meta-Example', 700, 500) {
       margined true
       
       horizontal_box {
@@ -529,7 +816,7 @@ class MetaExample
                 meta_example_file = File.join(Dir.home, '.meta_example.rb')
                 File.write(meta_example_file, @nwme.text)
                 result = `ruby -r #{glimmer_dsl_libui_file} #{meta_example_file} 2>&1`
-                msg_box(w, 'Error Running Example', result) if result.include?('error')
+                msg_box('Error Running Example', result) if result.include?('error')
               rescue => e
                 puts 'Unable to write code changes! Running original example...'
                 system "ruby -r #{glimmer_dsl_libui_file} #{file_path_for(@examples[@rbs.selected])}"
@@ -613,7 +900,7 @@ window('hello world', 300, 200, true) {
 }.show
 ```
 
-[Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 2:
+[Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 2 (setting `window` properties instead of arguments):
 
 ```ruby
 require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
@@ -694,10 +981,10 @@ require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
 
 include Glimmer
 
-window('hello world', 300, 200) { |w|
+window('hello world', 300, 200) {
   button('Button') {
     on_clicked do
-      msg_box(w, 'Information', 'You clicked the button')
+      msg_box('Information', 'You clicked the button')
     end
   }
   
@@ -781,7 +1068,7 @@ require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
 
 include Glimmer
 
-window('Basic Entry', 300, 50) { |w|
+window('Basic Entry', 300, 50) {
   horizontal_box {
     e = entry {
       # stretchy true # Smart default option for appending to horizontal_box
@@ -797,7 +1084,7 @@ window('Basic Entry', 300, 50) { |w|
       
       on_clicked do
         text = e.text
-        msg_box(w, 'You entered', text)
+        msg_box('You entered', text)
       end
     }
   }
@@ -901,12 +1188,12 @@ ruby -r glimmer-dsl-libui -e "require 'examples/midi_player'"
 Mac
 
 ![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-midi-player.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-midi-player.png)
-![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-midi-player-version-msg-box.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-midi-player-version-msg-box.png)
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-midi-player-msg-box.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-midi-player-msg-box.png)
 
 Linux
 
 ![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-midi-player.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-midi-player.png)
-![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-midi-player-version-msg-box.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-midi-player-version-msg-box.png)
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-midi-player-msg-box.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-midi-player-msg-box.png)
 
 [LibUI](https://github.com/kojix2/LibUI) Original Version:
 
@@ -1052,23 +1339,22 @@ class TinyMidiPlayer
     end
   end
 
-  def show_version(main_window)
-    msg_box(main_window,
-               'Tiny Midi Player',
-               "Written in Ruby\n" \
-               "https://github.com/kojix2/libui\n" \
-               "Version #{VERSION}")
+  def show_version
+    msg_box('Tiny Midi Player',
+              "Written in Ruby\n" \
+                "https://github.com/kojix2/libui\n" \
+                "Version #{VERSION}")
   end
 
   def create_gui
     menu('Help') { |m|
       menu_item('Version') {
         on_clicked do
-          show_version(@main_window)
+          show_version
         end
       }
     }
-    @main_window = window('Tiny Midi Player', 200, 50) {
+    window('Tiny Midi Player', 200, 50) {
       horizontal_box {
         vertical_box {
           stretchy false
@@ -1084,7 +1370,7 @@ class TinyMidiPlayer
             end
           }
         }
-        
+
         combobox { |c|
           items @midi_files.map { |path| File.basename(path) }
           
@@ -1094,8 +1380,7 @@ class TinyMidiPlayer
           end
         }
       }
-    }
-    @main_window.show
+    }.show
   end
 end
 
@@ -1331,14 +1616,14 @@ include Glimmer
 menu('File') {
   menu_item('Open') {
     on_clicked do
-      file = open_file(MAIN_WINDOW)
+      file = open_file
       puts file unless file.nil?
     end
   }
 
   menu_item('Save') {
     on_clicked do
-      file = save_file(MAIN_WINDOW)
+      file = save_file
       puts file unless file.nil?
     end
   }
@@ -1381,7 +1666,7 @@ MAIN_WINDOW = window('Control Gallery', 600, 500) {
             stretchy false
 
             on_clicked do
-              msg_box(MAIN_WINDOW, 'Information', 'You clicked the button')
+              msg_box('Information', 'You clicked the button')
             end
           }
 
@@ -1389,7 +1674,7 @@ MAIN_WINDOW = window('Control Gallery', 600, 500) {
             stretchy false
 
             on_toggled do |c|
-              checked = c.checked == 1
+              checked = c.checked?
               MAIN_WINDOW.title = "Checkbox is #{checked}"
               c.text = "I am the checkbox (#{checked})"
             end
@@ -1843,7 +2128,7 @@ require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
 
 include Glimmer
 
-window('Form') { |w|
+window('Form') {
   margined true
   
   vertical_box {
@@ -1859,7 +2144,7 @@ window('Form') { |w|
     
     button('Display Name') {
       on_clicked do
-        msg_box(w, 'Name', "#{@first_name_entry.text} #{@last_name_entry.text}")
+        msg_box('Name', "#{@first_name_entry.text} #{@last_name_entry.text}")
       end
     }
   }
@@ -2543,13 +2828,23 @@ data = [
   ['task 5', -1],
 ]
 
-window('Task progress', 300, 200) {
-  horizontal_box {
+window('Task Progress', 300, 200) {
+  vertical_box {
     table {
       text_column('Task')
       progress_bar_column('Progress')
 
-      cell_rows data
+      cell_rows data # implicit data-binding
+    }
+    
+    button('Mark All As Done') {
+      stretchy false
+      
+      on_clicked do
+        data.each_with_index do |row_data, row|
+          data[row] = [row_data[0], 100] # automatically updates table due to implicit data-binding
+        end
+      end
     }
   }
 }.show
@@ -2749,7 +3044,7 @@ window('Basic Area', 400, 400) {
 }.show
 ```
 
-[Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 2:
+[Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 2 (semi-declarative `on_draw` dynamic `path` approach):
 
 ```ruby
 require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
@@ -2762,7 +3057,7 @@ window('Basic Area', 400, 400) {
   vertical_box {
     area {
       on_draw do |area_draw_params|
-        path(area_draw_params) { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
+        path { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
           rectangle(0, 0, 400, 400)
           
           fill r: 102, g: 102, b: 204, a: 1.0
@@ -2892,7 +3187,7 @@ window('Dynamic Area', 240, 500) {
     
     @area = area {
       on_draw do |area_draw_params|
-        path(area_draw_params) { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
+        path { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
           rectangle(@x_spinbox.value, @y_spinbox.value, @width_spinbox.value, @height_spinbox.value)
           
           fill r: @red_spinbox.value, g: @green_spinbox.value, b: @blue_spinbox.value, a: @alpha_spinbox.value / 100.0
@@ -2903,7 +3198,7 @@ window('Dynamic Area', 240, 500) {
 }.show
 ```
 
-New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 2:
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 2 (declarative stable `path` approach):
 
 ```ruby
 require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
@@ -3005,6 +3300,773 @@ window('Dynamic Area', 240, 600) {
 }.show
 ```
 
+### Area Gallery
+
+[examples/area_gallery.rb](examples/area_gallery.rb)
+
+Run with this command from the root of the project if you cloned the project:
+
+```
+ruby -r './lib/glimmer-dsl-libui' examples/area_gallery.rb
+```
+
+Run with this command if you installed the [Ruby gem](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui):
+
+```
+ruby -r glimmer-dsl-libui -e "require 'examples/area_gallery'"
+```
+
+Mac
+
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-area-gallery.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-area-gallery.png)
+
+Linux
+
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-area-gallery.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-area-gallery.png)
+
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version:
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+include Glimmer
+
+window('Area Gallery', 400, 400) {
+  area {
+    path { # declarative stable path
+      square(0, 0, 100)
+      square(100, 100, 400)
+      
+      fill r: 102, g: 102, b: 204
+    }
+    path { # declarative stable path
+      rectangle(0, 100, 100, 400)
+      rectangle(100, 0, 400, 100)
+      
+      fill r: 204, g: 102, b: 204
+    }
+    path { # declarative stable path
+      figure(100, 100) {
+        line(100, 400)
+        line(400, 100)
+        line(400, 400)
+
+        closed true
+      }
+
+      fill r: 202, g: 102, b: 104, a: 0.5
+      stroke r: 0, g: 0, b: 0
+    }
+    path { # declarative stable path
+      figure(0, 0) {
+        bezier(200, 100, 100, 200, 400, 100)
+        bezier(300, 100, 100, 300, 100, 400)
+        bezier(100, 300, 300, 100, 400, 400)
+
+        closed true
+      }
+
+      fill r: 202, g: 102, b: 204, a: 0.5
+      stroke thickness: 2, r: 0, g: 0, b: 0
+    }
+    path { # declarative stable path
+      arc(200, 200, 90, 0, 360, false)
+
+      fill r: 202, g: 102, b: 204, a: 0.5
+      stroke thickness: 2, r: 0, g: 0, b: 0
+    }
+  }
+}.show
+```
+
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 2 (setting shape properties instead of arguments):
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+include Glimmer
+
+window('Area Gallery', 400, 400) {
+  area {
+    path { # declarative stable path
+      square {
+        x 0
+        y 0
+        length 100
+      }
+      square {
+        x 100
+        y 100
+        length 400
+      }
+      
+      fill r: 102, g: 102, b: 204
+    }
+    path { # declarative stable path
+      rectangle {
+        x 0
+        y 100
+        width 100
+        height 400
+      }
+      rectangle {
+        x 100
+        y 0
+        width 400
+        height 100
+      }
+      
+      fill r: 204, g: 102, b: 204
+    }
+    path { # declarative stable path
+      figure {
+        x 100
+        y 100
+        
+        line {
+          x 100
+          y 400
+        }
+        line {
+          x 400
+          y 100
+        }
+        line {
+          x 400
+          y 400
+        }
+
+        closed true
+      }
+
+      fill r: 202, g: 102, b: 104, a: 0.5
+      stroke r: 0, g: 0, b: 0
+    }
+    path { # declarative stable path
+      figure {
+        x 0
+        y 0
+        
+        bezier {
+          c1_x 200
+          c1_y 100
+          c2_x 100
+          c2_y 200
+          end_x 400
+          end_y 100
+        }
+        bezier {
+          c1_x 300
+          c1_y 100
+          c2_x 100
+          c2_y 300
+          end_x 100
+          end_y 400
+        }
+        bezier {
+          c1_x 100
+          c1_y 300
+          c2_x 300
+          c2_y 100
+          end_x 400
+          end_y 400
+        }
+
+        closed true
+      }
+
+      fill r: 202, g: 102, b: 204, a: 0.5
+      stroke thickness: 2, r: 0, g: 0, b: 0
+    }
+    path { # declarative stable path
+      arc {
+        x_center 200
+        y_center 200
+        radius 90
+        start_angle 0
+        sweep 360
+        is_negative false
+      }
+
+      fill r: 202, g: 102, b: 204, a: 0.5
+      stroke thickness: 2, r: 0, g: 0, b: 0
+    }
+  }
+}.show
+```
+
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 3 (semi-declarative `on_draw` dynamic `path` approach):
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+include Glimmer
+
+window('Area Gallery', 400, 400) {
+  area {
+    on_draw do |area_draw_params|
+      path { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
+        square(0, 0, 100)
+        square(100, 100, 400)
+        
+        fill r: 102, g: 102, b: 204
+      }
+      path { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
+        rectangle(0, 100, 100, 400)
+        rectangle(100, 0, 400, 100)
+
+        fill r: 204, g: 102, b: 204
+      }
+      path { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
+        figure(100, 100) {
+          line(100, 400)
+          line(400, 100)
+          line(400, 400)
+
+          closed true
+        }
+
+        fill r: 202, g: 102, b: 104, a: 0.5
+        stroke r: 0, g: 0, b: 0
+      }
+      path { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
+        figure(0, 0) {
+          bezier(200, 100, 100, 200, 400, 100)
+          bezier(300, 100, 100, 300, 100, 400)
+          bezier(100, 300, 300, 100, 400, 400)
+
+          closed true
+        }
+
+        fill r: 202, g: 102, b: 204, a: 0.5
+        stroke thickness: 2, r: 0, g: 0, b: 0
+      }
+      path { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
+        arc(200, 200, 90, 0, 360, false)
+
+        fill r: 202, g: 102, b: 204, a: 0.5
+        stroke thickness: 2, r: 0, g: 0, b: 0
+      }
+    end
+  }
+}.show
+```
+
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version 4 (setting shape properties instead of arguments with semi-declarative `on_draw` dynamic `path` approach):
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+include Glimmer
+
+window('Area Gallery', 400, 400) {
+  area {
+    on_draw do |area_draw_params|
+      path { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
+        square {
+          x 0
+          y 0
+          length 100
+        }
+        square {
+          x 100
+          y 100
+          length 400
+        }
+        
+        fill r: 102, g: 102, b: 204
+      }
+      path { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
+        rectangle {
+          x 0
+          y 100
+          width 100
+          height 400
+        }
+        rectangle {
+          x 100
+          y 0
+          width 400
+          height 100
+        }
+        
+        fill r: 204, g: 102, b: 204
+      }
+      path { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
+        figure {
+          x 100
+          y 100
+          
+          line {
+            x 100
+            y 400
+          }
+          line {
+            x 400
+            y 100
+          }
+          line {
+            x 400
+            y 400
+          }
+
+          closed true
+        }
+
+        fill r: 202, g: 102, b: 104, a: 0.5
+        stroke r: 0, g: 0, b: 0
+      }
+      path { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
+        figure {
+          x 0
+          y 0
+          
+          bezier {
+            c1_x 200
+            c1_y 100
+            c2_x 100
+            c2_y 200
+            end_x 400
+            end_y 100
+          }
+          bezier {
+            c1_x 300
+            c1_y 100
+            c2_x 100
+            c2_y 300
+            end_x 100
+            end_y 400
+          }
+          bezier {
+            c1_x 100
+            c1_y 300
+            c2_x 300
+            c2_y 100
+            end_x 400
+            end_y 400
+          }
+
+          closed true
+        }
+
+        fill r: 202, g: 102, b: 204, a: 0.5
+        stroke thickness: 2, r: 0, g: 0, b: 0
+      }
+      path { # a dynamic path is added semi-declaratively inside on_draw block
+        arc {
+          x_center 200
+          y_center 200
+          radius 90
+          start_angle 0
+          sweep 360
+          is_negative false
+        }
+
+        fill r: 202, g: 102, b: 204, a: 0.5
+        stroke thickness: 2, r: 0, g: 0, b: 0
+      }
+    end
+  }
+}.show
+```
+
+### Histogram
+
+[examples/histogram.rb](examples/histogram.rb)
+
+Run with this command from the root of the project if you cloned the project:
+
+```
+ruby -r './lib/glimmer-dsl-libui' examples/histogram.rb
+```
+
+Run with this command if you installed the [Ruby gem](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui):
+
+```
+ruby -r glimmer-dsl-libui -e "require 'examples/histogram'"
+```
+
+Mac
+
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-histogram.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-histogram.png)
+
+Linux
+
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-histogram.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-histogram.png)
+
+[LibUI](https://github.com/kojix2/LibUI) Original Version:
+
+```ruby
+# https://github.com/jamescook/libui-ruby/blob/master/example/histogram.rb
+
+require 'libui'
+
+UI = LibUI
+
+X_OFF_LEFT   = 20
+Y_OFF_TOP    = 20
+X_OFF_RIGHT  = 20
+Y_OFF_BOTTOM = 20
+POINT_RADIUS = 5
+
+init         = UI.init
+handler      = UI::FFI::AreaHandler.malloc
+histogram    = UI.new_area(handler)
+brush        = UI::FFI::DrawBrush.malloc
+color_button = UI.new_color_button
+blue         = 0x1E90FF
+datapoints   = []
+
+def graph_size(area_width, area_height)
+  graph_width = area_width - X_OFF_LEFT - X_OFF_RIGHT
+  graph_height = area_height - Y_OFF_TOP - Y_OFF_BOTTOM
+  [graph_width, graph_height]
+end
+
+matrix = UI::FFI::DrawMatrix.malloc
+
+def point_locations(datapoints, width, height)
+  xincr = width / 9.0 # 10 - 1 to make the last point be at the end
+  yincr = height / 100.0
+
+  data = []
+  datapoints.each_with_index do |dp, i|
+    val = 100 - UI.spinbox_value(dp)
+    data << [xincr * i, yincr * val]
+    i += 1
+  end
+
+  data
+end
+
+def construct_graph(datapoints, width, height, should_extend)
+  locations = point_locations(datapoints, width, height)
+  path = UI.draw_new_path(0) # winding
+  first_location = locations[0] # x and y
+  UI.draw_path_new_figure(path, first_location[0], first_location[1])
+  locations.each do |loc|
+    UI.draw_path_line_to(path, loc[0], loc[1])
+  end
+
+  if should_extend
+    UI.draw_path_line_to(path, width, height)
+    UI.draw_path_line_to(path, 0, height)
+    UI.draw_path_close_figure(path)
+  end
+
+  UI.draw_path_end(path)
+
+  path
+end
+
+handler_draw_event = Fiddle::Closure::BlockCaller.new(
+  0, [1, 1, 1]
+) do |_area_handler, _area, area_draw_params|
+  area_draw_params = UI::FFI::AreaDrawParams.new(area_draw_params)
+  path = UI.draw_new_path(0) # winding
+  UI.draw_path_add_rectangle(path, 0, 0, area_draw_params.AreaWidth, area_draw_params.AreaHeight)
+  UI.draw_path_end(path)
+  set_solid_brush(brush, 0xFFFFFF, 1.0) # white
+  UI.draw_fill(area_draw_params.Context, path, brush.to_ptr)
+  UI.draw_free_path(path)
+  dsp = UI::FFI::DrawStrokeParams.malloc
+  dsp.Cap = 0 # flat
+  dsp.Join = 0 # miter
+  dsp.Thickness = 2
+  dsp.MiterLimit = 10 # DEFAULT_MITER_LIMIT
+  dashes = Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(8)
+  dsp.Dashes = dashes
+  dsp.NumDashes = 0
+  dsp.DashPhase = 0
+
+  # draw axes
+  set_solid_brush(brush, 0x000000, 1.0) # black
+  graph_width, graph_height = *graph_size(area_draw_params.AreaWidth, area_draw_params.AreaHeight)
+
+  path = UI.draw_new_path(0) # winding
+  UI.draw_path_new_figure(path, X_OFF_LEFT, Y_OFF_TOP)
+  UI.draw_path_line_to(path, X_OFF_LEFT, Y_OFF_TOP + graph_height)
+  UI.draw_path_line_to(path, X_OFF_LEFT + graph_width, Y_OFF_TOP + graph_height)
+  UI.draw_path_end(path)
+  UI.draw_stroke(area_draw_params.Context, path, brush, dsp)
+  UI.draw_free_path(path)
+
+  # now transform the coordinate space so (0, 0) is the top-left corner of the graph
+  UI.draw_matrix_set_identity(matrix)
+  UI.draw_matrix_translate(matrix, X_OFF_LEFT, Y_OFF_TOP)
+  UI.draw_transform(area_draw_params.Context, matrix)
+
+  # now get the color for the graph itself and set up the brush
+  #  uiColorButtonColor(colorButton, &graphR, &graphG, &graphB, &graphA)
+  graph_r = Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(8) # double
+  graph_g = Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(8) # double
+  graph_b = Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(8) # double
+  graph_a = Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(8) # double
+
+  UI.color_button_color(color_button, graph_r, graph_g, graph_b, graph_a)
+  brush.Type = 0 # solid
+  brush.R = graph_r[0, 8].unpack1('d')
+  brush.G = graph_g[0, 8].unpack1('d')
+  brush.B = graph_b[0, 8].unpack1('d')
+
+  # now create the fill for the graph below the graph line
+  path = construct_graph(datapoints, graph_width, graph_height, true)
+  brush.A = graph_a[0, 8].unpack1('d') / 2.0
+  UI.draw_fill(area_draw_params.Context, path, brush)
+  UI.draw_free_path(path)
+
+  # now draw the histogram line
+  path = construct_graph(datapoints, graph_width, graph_height, false)
+  brush.A = graph_a[0, 8].unpack1('d')
+  UI.draw_stroke(area_draw_params.Context, path, brush, dsp)
+  UI.draw_free_path(path)
+end
+
+handler.Draw         = handler_draw_event
+
+# Assigning to local variables
+# This is intended to protect Fiddle::Closure from garbage collection.
+# See https://github.com/kojix2/LibUI/issues/8
+handler.MouseEvent   = (c1 = Fiddle::Closure::BlockCaller.new(0, [0]) {})
+handler.MouseCrossed = (c2 = Fiddle::Closure::BlockCaller.new(0, [0]) {})
+handler.DragBroken   = (c3 = Fiddle::Closure::BlockCaller.new(0, [0]) {})
+handler.KeyEvent     = (c4 = Fiddle::Closure::BlockCaller.new(1, [0]) { 0 })
+
+UI.freeInitError(init) unless init.nil?
+
+hbox = UI.new_horizontal_box
+UI.box_set_padded(hbox, 1)
+
+vbox = UI.new_vertical_box
+UI.box_set_padded(vbox, 1)
+UI.box_append(hbox, vbox, 0)
+UI.box_append(hbox, histogram, 1)
+
+datapoints = Array.new(10) do
+  UI.new_spinbox(0, 100).tap do |datapoint|
+    UI.spinbox_set_value(datapoint, Random.new.rand(90))
+    UI.spinbox_on_changed(datapoint) do
+      UI.area_queue_redraw_all(histogram)
+    end
+    UI.box_append(vbox, datapoint, 0)
+  end
+end
+
+def set_solid_brush(brush, color, alpha)
+  brush.Type = 0 # solid
+  brush.R = ((color >> 16) & 0xFF) / 255.0
+  brush.G = ((color >> 8) & 0xFF) / 255.0
+  brush.B = (color & 0xFF) / 255.0
+  brush.A = alpha
+  brush
+end
+
+set_solid_brush(brush, blue, 1.0)
+UI.color_button_set_color(color_button, brush.R, brush.G, brush.B, brush.A)
+
+UI.color_button_on_changed(color_button) do
+  UI.area_queue_redraw_all(histogram)
+end
+
+UI.box_append(vbox, color_button, 0)
+
+MAIN_WINDOW = UI.new_window('histogram example', 640, 480, 1)
+UI.window_set_margined(MAIN_WINDOW, 1)
+UI.window_set_child(MAIN_WINDOW, hbox)
+
+should_quit = proc do |_ptr|
+  UI.control_destroy(MAIN_WINDOW)
+  UI.quit
+  0
+end
+
+UI.window_on_closing(MAIN_WINDOW, should_quit)
+UI.on_should_quit(should_quit)
+UI.control_show(MAIN_WINDOW)
+
+UI.main
+UI.quit
+```
+
+[Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version:
+
+```ruby
+# https://github.com/jamescook/libui-ruby/blob/master/example/histogram.rb
+
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+include Glimmer
+
+X_OFF_LEFT   = 20
+Y_OFF_TOP    = 20
+X_OFF_RIGHT  = 20
+Y_OFF_BOTTOM = 20
+POINT_RADIUS = 5
+COLOR_BLUE   = 0x1E90FF
+
+@datapoints   = 10.times.map {Random.new.rand(90)}
+
+def graph_size(area_width, area_height)
+  graph_width = area_width - X_OFF_LEFT - X_OFF_RIGHT
+  graph_height = area_height - Y_OFF_TOP - Y_OFF_BOTTOM
+  [graph_width, graph_height]
+end
+
+def point_locations(width, height)
+  xincr = width / 9.0 # 10 - 1 to make the last point be at the end
+  yincr = height / 100.0
+
+  @datapoints.each_with_index.map do |value, i|
+    val = 100 - value
+    [xincr * i, yincr * val]
+  end
+end
+
+# method-based custom control representing a graph path
+def graph_path(width, height, should_extend, &block)
+  locations = point_locations(width, height)
+  path {
+    first_location = locations[0] # x and y
+    figure(first_location[0], first_location[1]) {
+      locations.each do |loc|
+        line(loc[0], loc[1])
+      end
+      if should_extend
+        line(width, height)
+        line(0, height)
+        
+        closed true
+      end
+    }
+    
+    # apply a transform to the coordinate space for this path so (0, 0) is the top-left corner of the graph
+    transform {
+      translate X_OFF_LEFT, Y_OFF_TOP
+    }
+    
+    block.call
+  }
+end
+
+window('histogram example', 640, 480) {
+  margined true
+  
+  horizontal_box {
+    vertical_box {
+      stretchy false
+      
+      10.times do |i|
+        spinbox(0, 100) { |sb|
+          stretchy false
+          value @datapoints[i]
+          
+          on_changed do
+            @datapoints[i] = sb.value
+            @area.queue_redraw_all
+          end
+        }
+      end
+      
+      @color_button = color_button {
+        stretchy false
+        color COLOR_BLUE
+        
+        on_changed do
+          @area.queue_redraw_all
+        end
+      }
+    }
+    
+    @area = area {
+      on_draw do |area_draw_params|
+        path {
+          rectangle(0, 0, area_draw_params[:area_width], area_draw_params[:area_height])
+          
+          fill 0xFFFFFF
+        }
+        
+        graph_width, graph_height = *graph_size(area_draw_params[:area_width], area_draw_params[:area_height])
+      
+        path {
+          figure(X_OFF_LEFT, Y_OFF_TOP) {
+            line(X_OFF_LEFT, Y_OFF_TOP + graph_height)
+            line(X_OFF_LEFT + graph_width, Y_OFF_TOP + graph_height)
+          }
+          
+          stroke 0x000000, thickness: 2, miter_limit: 10
+        }
+      
+        # now create the fill for the graph below the graph line
+        graph_path(graph_width, graph_height, true) {
+          fill @color_button.color.merge(a: 0.5)
+        }
+        
+        # now draw the histogram line
+        graph_path(graph_width, graph_height, false) {
+          stroke @color_button.color.merge(thickness: 2, miter_limit: 10)
+        }
+      end
+    }
+  }
+}.show
+```
+
+### Basic Transform
+
+[examples/basic_transform.rb](examples/basic_transform.rb)
+
+Run with this command from the root of the project if you cloned the project:
+
+```
+ruby -r './lib/glimmer-dsl-libui' examples/basic_transform.rb
+```
+
+Run with this command if you installed the [Ruby gem](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui):
+
+```
+ruby -r glimmer-dsl-libui -e "require 'examples/basic_transform'"
+```
+
+Mac
+
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-transform.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-mac-basic-transform.png)
+
+Linux
+
+![glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-basic-transform.png](images/glimmer-dsl-libui-linux-basic-transform.png)
+
+New [Glimmer DSL for LibUI](https://rubygems.org/gems/glimmer-dsl-libui) Version:
+
+```ruby
+require 'glimmer-dsl-libui'
+
+include Glimmer
+
+window('Basic Transform', 350, 350) {
+  area {
+    path {
+      square(0, 0, 350)
+      
+      fill r: 255, g: 255, b: 0
+    }
+    40.times do |n|
+      path {
+        square(0, 0, 100)
+        
+        fill r: [255 - n*5, 0].max, g: [n*5, 255].min, b: 0, a: 0.5
+        stroke :black, thickness: 2
+        transform {
+          skew 0.15, 0.15
+          translate 50, 50
+          rotate 100, 100, -9 * n
+          scale 1.1, 1.1
+        }
+      }
+    end
+  }
+}.show
+```
+
 ## Contributing to glimmer-dsl-libui
 
 -   Check out the latest master to make sure the feature hasn't been