glib2 3.2.1-x86-mingw32 → 3.2.2-x86-mingw32

This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
Files changed (927) hide show
  1. checksums.yaml +5 -5
  2. data/Rakefile +16 -15
  3. data/ext/glib2/glib2.def +3 -0
  4. data/ext/glib2/rbglib-bytes.c +1 -0
  5. data/ext/glib2/rbglib.h +5 -1
  6. data/ext/glib2/rbgobj_object.c +30 -17
  7. data/ext/glib2/rbgobj_type.c +246 -130
  8. data/ext/glib2/rbgobject.h +12 -1
  9. data/lib/2.2/glib2.so +0 -0
  10. data/lib/2.3/glib2.so +0 -0
  11. data/lib/2.4/glib2.so +0 -0
  12. data/lib/2.5/glib2.so +0 -0
  13. data/lib/gnome2/rake/external-package.rb +32 -12
  14. data/lib/gnome2/rake/windows-binary-build-task.rb +53 -52
  15. data/lib/mkmf-gnome2.rb +0 -10
  16. data/vendor/local/bin/asn1Coding.exe +0 -0
  17. data/vendor/local/bin/asn1Decoding.exe +0 -0
  18. data/vendor/local/bin/asn1Parser.exe +0 -0
  19. data/vendor/local/bin/envsubst.exe +0 -0
  20. data/vendor/local/bin/gdbus-codegen +13 -1
  21. data/vendor/local/bin/gdbus.exe +0 -0
  22. data/vendor/local/bin/gettext.exe +0 -0
  23. data/vendor/local/bin/gio-querymodules.exe +0 -0
  24. data/vendor/local/bin/gio.exe +0 -0
  25. data/vendor/local/bin/glib-compile-resources.exe +0 -0
  26. data/vendor/local/bin/glib-compile-schemas.exe +0 -0
  27. data/vendor/local/bin/glib-genmarshal +25 -14
  28. data/vendor/local/bin/glib-gettextize +2 -2
  29. data/vendor/local/bin/glib-mkenums +48 -21
  30. data/vendor/local/bin/gobject-query.exe +0 -0
  31. data/vendor/local/bin/gresource.exe +0 -0
  32. data/vendor/local/bin/gsettings.exe +0 -0
  33. data/vendor/local/bin/gspawn-win32-helper-console.exe +0 -0
  34. data/vendor/local/bin/gspawn-win32-helper.exe +0 -0
  35. data/vendor/local/bin/iconv.exe +0 -0
  36. data/vendor/local/bin/idn2.exe +0 -0
  37. data/vendor/local/bin/libasprintf-0.dll +0 -0
  38. data/vendor/local/bin/libcharset-1.dll +0 -0
  39. data/vendor/local/bin/libffi-6.dll +0 -0
  40. data/vendor/local/bin/libgio-2.0-0.dll +0 -0
  41. data/vendor/local/bin/libglib-2.0-0.dll +0 -0
  42. data/vendor/local/bin/libgmodule-2.0-0.dll +0 -0
  43. data/vendor/local/bin/libgmp-10.dll +0 -0
  44. data/vendor/local/bin/libgnutls-30.dll +0 -0
  45. data/vendor/local/bin/libgobject-2.0-0.dll +0 -0
  46. data/vendor/local/bin/libgthread-2.0-0.dll +0 -0
  47. data/vendor/local/bin/libhogweed-4-2.dll +0 -0
  48. data/vendor/local/bin/libiconv-2.dll +0 -0
  49. data/vendor/local/bin/libidn2-0.dll +0 -0
  50. data/vendor/local/bin/libintl-8.dll +0 -0
  51. data/vendor/local/bin/libnettle-6-2.dll +0 -0
  52. data/vendor/local/bin/libp11-kit-0.dll +0 -0
  53. data/vendor/local/bin/libpcre-1.dll +0 -0
  54. data/vendor/local/bin/libpcrecpp-0.dll +0 -0
  55. data/vendor/local/bin/libpcreposix-0.dll +0 -0
  56. data/vendor/local/bin/libtasn1-6.dll +0 -0
  57. data/vendor/local/bin/nettle-hash.exe +0 -0
  58. data/vendor/local/bin/nettle-lfib-stream.exe +0 -0
  59. data/vendor/local/bin/nettle-pbkdf2.exe +0 -0
  60. data/vendor/local/bin/ngettext.exe +0 -0
  61. data/vendor/local/bin/p11-kit.exe +0 -0
  62. data/vendor/local/bin/pcre-config +1 -1
  63. data/vendor/local/bin/pcregrep.exe +0 -0
  64. data/vendor/local/bin/pcretest.exe +0 -0
  65. data/vendor/local/bin/pkcs1-conv.exe +0 -0
  66. data/vendor/local/bin/sexp-conv.exe +0 -0
  67. data/vendor/local/bin/trust.exe +0 -0
  68. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gappinfo.h +6 -6
  69. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gapplication.h +9 -1
  70. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gdatainputstream.h +3 -3
  71. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gdbusconnection.h +3 -3
  72. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gdbuserror.h +2 -2
  73. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gdbusnamewatching.h +1 -1
  74. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gfile.h +21 -0
  75. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gioenums.h +4 -4
  76. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gioenumtypes.h +1 -1
  77. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/giomodule.h +24 -0
  78. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/giotypes.h +9 -3
  79. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gmountoperation.h +15 -0
  80. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gnetworkmonitor.h +1 -1
  81. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gproxyaddressenumerator.h +1 -1
  82. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gsocket.h +12 -0
  83. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gsocketaddressenumerator.h +1 -1
  84. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gsocketconnectable.h +1 -1
  85. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gsocketlistener.h +1 -1
  86. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/gtlsclientconnection.h +2 -2
  87. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gatomic.h +23 -23
  88. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gbacktrace.h +3 -0
  89. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gconvert.h +9 -3
  90. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gdate.h +2 -0
  91. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gdatetime.h +4 -0
  92. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gfileutils.h +4 -8
  93. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gkeyfile.h +5 -0
  94. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gmacros.h +37 -6
  95. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gmain.h +44 -12
  96. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gmem.h +5 -4
  97. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gmessages.h +69 -68
  98. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gregex.h +3 -3
  99. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gspawn.h +1 -1
  100. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gtestutils.h +14 -5
  101. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gtypes.h +2 -2
  102. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gunicode.h +4 -4
  103. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gutils.h +3 -1
  104. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/glib/gversionmacros.h +24 -0
  105. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gobject/gobject.h +111 -4
  106. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gobject/gtype.h +8 -8
  107. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gobject/gtypemodule.h +1 -1
  108. data/vendor/local/include/glib-2.0/gobject/gvalue.h +2 -0
  109. data/vendor/local/include/idn2.h +347 -0
  110. data/vendor/local/include/libtasn1.h +1 -1
  111. data/vendor/local/include/nettle/nettle-stdint.h +1 -1
  112. data/vendor/local/include/p11-kit-1/p11-kit/iter.h +2 -0
  113. data/vendor/local/include/p11-kit-1/p11-kit/pkcs11.h +27 -6
  114. data/vendor/local/include/p11-kit-1/p11-kit/uri.h +12 -0
  115. data/vendor/local/lib/charset.alias +1 -1
  116. data/vendor/local/lib/gio/modules/libgiognutls.dll +0 -0
  117. data/vendor/local/lib/glib-2.0/include/glibconfig.h +7 -2
  118. data/vendor/local/lib/libasprintf.a +0 -0
  119. data/vendor/local/lib/libasprintf.dll.a +0 -0
  120. data/vendor/local/lib/libasprintf.la +2 -2
  121. data/vendor/local/lib/libcharset.a +0 -0
  122. data/vendor/local/lib/libcharset.dll.a +0 -0
  123. data/vendor/local/lib/libcharset.la +2 -2
  124. data/vendor/local/lib/libffi.a +0 -0
  125. data/vendor/local/lib/libffi.dll.a +0 -0
  126. data/vendor/local/lib/libffi.la +2 -2
  127. data/vendor/local/lib/libgio-2.0.dll.a +0 -0
  128. data/vendor/local/lib/libgio-2.0.la +6 -6
  129. data/vendor/local/lib/libglib-2.0.dll.a +0 -0
  130. data/vendor/local/lib/libglib-2.0.la +6 -6
  131. data/vendor/local/lib/libgmodule-2.0.dll.a +0 -0
  132. data/vendor/local/lib/libgmodule-2.0.la +6 -6
  133. data/vendor/local/lib/libgmp.dll.a +0 -0
  134. data/vendor/local/lib/libgmp.la +2 -2
  135. data/vendor/local/lib/libgnutls.dll.a +0 -0
  136. data/vendor/local/lib/libgnutls.la +2 -2
  137. data/vendor/local/lib/libgobject-2.0.dll.a +0 -0
  138. data/vendor/local/lib/libgobject-2.0.la +6 -6
  139. data/vendor/local/lib/libgthread-2.0.dll.a +0 -0
  140. data/vendor/local/lib/libgthread-2.0.la +6 -6
  141. data/vendor/local/lib/libhogweed.a +0 -0
  142. data/vendor/local/lib/libhogweed.dll.a +0 -0
  143. data/vendor/local/lib/libiconv.dll.a +0 -0
  144. data/vendor/local/lib/libiconv.la +2 -2
  145. data/vendor/local/lib/libidn2.a +0 -0
  146. data/vendor/local/lib/libidn2.dll.a +0 -0
  147. data/vendor/local/lib/libidn2.la +41 -0
  148. data/vendor/local/lib/libintl.a +0 -0
  149. data/vendor/local/lib/libintl.dll.a +0 -0
  150. data/vendor/local/lib/libintl.la +2 -2
  151. data/vendor/local/lib/libnettle.a +0 -0
  152. data/vendor/local/lib/libnettle.dll.a +0 -0
  153. data/vendor/local/lib/libp11-kit.dll.a +0 -0
  154. data/vendor/local/lib/libp11-kit.la +6 -6
  155. data/vendor/local/lib/libpcre.a +0 -0
  156. data/vendor/local/lib/libpcre.dll.a +0 -0
  157. data/vendor/local/lib/libpcre.la +2 -2
  158. data/vendor/local/lib/libpcrecpp.a +0 -0
  159. data/vendor/local/lib/libpcrecpp.dll.a +0 -0
  160. data/vendor/local/lib/libpcrecpp.la +2 -2
  161. data/vendor/local/lib/libpcreposix.a +0 -0
  162. data/vendor/local/lib/libpcreposix.dll.a +0 -0
  163. data/vendor/local/lib/libpcreposix.la +2 -2
  164. data/vendor/local/lib/libtasn1.a +0 -0
  165. data/vendor/local/lib/libtasn1.dll.a +0 -0
  166. data/vendor/local/lib/libtasn1.la +3 -3
  167. data/vendor/local/lib/pkcs11/p11-kit-trust.dll +0 -0
  168. data/vendor/local/lib/pkcs11/p11-kit-trust.dll.a +0 -0
  169. data/vendor/local/lib/pkcs11/p11-kit-trust.la +6 -6
  170. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/gio-2.0.pc +3 -3
  171. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/gio-windows-2.0.pc +2 -2
  172. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/glib-2.0.pc +3 -3
  173. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/gmodule-2.0.pc +2 -2
  174. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/gmodule-export-2.0.pc +2 -2
  175. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/gmodule-no-export-2.0.pc +2 -2
  176. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/gnutls.pc +3 -3
  177. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/gobject-2.0.pc +3 -3
  178. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/gthread-2.0.pc +2 -2
  179. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/hogweed.pc +1 -1
  180. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/libffi.pc +1 -1
  181. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/libidn2.pc +11 -0
  182. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/libpcre.pc +1 -1
  183. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/libpcrecpp.pc +1 -1
  184. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/libpcreposix.pc +1 -1
  185. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/libtasn1.pc +2 -2
  186. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/nettle.pc +1 -1
  187. data/vendor/local/lib/pkgconfig/p11-kit-1.pc +3 -2
  188. data/vendor/local/libexec/p11-kit/p11-kit-remote.exe +0 -0
  189. data/vendor/local/{lib → libexec}/p11-kit/trust-extract-compat +0 -0
  190. data/vendor/local/share/aclocal/glib-2.0.m4 +4 -1
  191. data/vendor/local/share/aclocal/glib-gettext.m4 +4 -1
  192. data/vendor/local/share/aclocal/gsettings.m4 +3 -0
  193. data/vendor/local/share/bash-completion/completions/gsettings +6 -2
  194. data/vendor/local/share/doc/gettext/gettext.1.html +1 -1
  195. data/vendor/local/share/doc/gettext/ngettext.1.html +1 -1
  196. data/vendor/local/share/gdb/auto-load/home/vagrant/{ruby-gnome2.win32/glib2/vendor/local/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0.5400.1-gdb.py → ruby-gnome2/glib2/vendor/local/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0.5600.0-gdb.py} +1 -1
  197. data/vendor/local/share/gdb/auto-load/home/vagrant/{ruby-gnome2.win32/glib2/vendor/local/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0.5400.1-gdb.py → ruby-gnome2/glib2/vendor/local/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0.5600.0-gdb.py} +1 -1
  198. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/__init__.pyc +0 -0
  199. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/__init__.pyo +0 -0
  200. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/codegen.py +2392 -2369
  201. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/codegen.pyc +0 -0
  202. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/codegen.pyo +0 -0
  203. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/codegen_docbook.py +3 -5
  204. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/codegen_docbook.pyc +0 -0
  205. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/codegen_docbook.pyo +0 -0
  206. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/codegen_main.py +100 -55
  207. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/codegen_main.pyc +0 -0
  208. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/codegen_main.pyo +0 -0
  209. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/config.py +1 -1
  210. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/config.pyc +0 -0
  211. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/config.pyo +0 -0
  212. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/dbustypes.py +9 -2
  213. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/dbustypes.pyc +0 -0
  214. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/dbustypes.pyo +0 -0
  215. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/parser.py +3 -2
  216. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/parser.pyc +0 -0
  217. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/parser.pyo +0 -0
  218. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/utils.py +40 -0
  219. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/utils.pyc +0 -0
  220. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/codegen/utils.pyo +0 -0
  221. data/vendor/local/share/glib-2.0/schemas/gschema.dtd +3 -2
  222. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GAction.html +11 -11
  223. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GActionGroup.html +14 -14
  224. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GActionMap.html +31 -31
  225. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GAppInfo.html +71 -68
  226. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GAppInfoMonitor.html +4 -4
  227. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GApplication.html +162 -25
  228. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GApplicationCommandLine.html +87 -89
  229. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GAsyncInitable.html +74 -74
  230. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GAsyncResult.html +58 -49
  231. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GBufferedInputStream.html +10 -10
  232. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GBufferedOutputStream.html +2 -2
  233. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GBytesIcon.html +4 -4
  234. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GCancellable.html +27 -27
  235. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GCharsetConverter.html +2 -2
  236. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GConverter.html +7 -7
  237. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GCredentials.html +3 -3
  238. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusActionGroup.html +7 -5
  239. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusAuthObserver.html +22 -22
  240. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusConnection.html +148 -141
  241. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusInterface.html +7 -7
  242. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusInterfaceSkeleton.html +7 -7
  243. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusMenuModel.html +7 -5
  244. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusMessage.html +40 -40
  245. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusMethodInvocation.html +26 -26
  246. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusObject.html +5 -5
  247. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusObjectManager.html +6 -6
  248. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusObjectManagerClient.html +25 -24
  249. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusObjectManagerServer.html +4 -4
  250. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusObjectProxy.html +3 -3
  251. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusObjectSkeleton.html +2 -2
  252. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusProxy.html +87 -73
  253. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDBusServer.html +4 -4
  254. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDataInputStream.html +55 -38
  255. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDataOutputStream.html +10 -10
  256. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDatagramBased.html +11 -11
  257. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDrive.html +20 -20
  258. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDtlsClientConnection.html +7 -7
  259. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDtlsConnection.html +16 -16
  260. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GDtlsServerConnection.html +5 -5
  261. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GEmblem.html +4 -4
  262. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GEmblemedIcon.html +6 -6
  263. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GFile.html +503 -218
  264. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GFileDescriptorBased.html +4 -4
  265. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GFileEnumerator.html +31 -31
  266. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GFileIOStream.html +8 -8
  267. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GFileIcon.html +4 -4
  268. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GFileInfo.html +20 -20
  269. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GFileInputStream.html +8 -8
  270. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GFileMonitor.html +3 -3
  271. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GFileOutputStream.html +4 -4
  272. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GFilenameCompleter.html +4 -4
  273. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GFilterInputStream.html +3 -3
  274. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GFilterOutputStream.html +3 -3
  275. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GIOModule.html +32 -11
  276. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GIOStream.html +11 -11
  277. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GIcon.html +11 -11
  278. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GInetAddress.html +3 -3
  279. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GInetAddressMask.html +3 -3
  280. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GInetSocketAddress.html +3 -3
  281. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GInitable.html +8 -8
  282. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GInputStream.html +30 -30
  283. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GListModel.html +6 -6
  284. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GListStore.html +10 -10
  285. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GLoadableIcon.html +11 -11
  286. data/vendor/local/share/gtk-doc/html/gio/GMemoryInputStream.html +6 -6
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- This is libidn.info, produced by makeinfo version 5.2 from libidn.texi.
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-
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- This manual is last updated 14 January 2016 for version 1.33 of GNU
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- Libidn.
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-
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- Copyright © 2002-2016 Simon Josefsson.
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-
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- Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
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- document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
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- Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
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- Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
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- no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
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- section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.
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- INFO-DIR-SECTION Software libraries
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- START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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- * libidn: (libidn). Internationalized string processing library.
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- END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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-
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- INFO-DIR-SECTION Localization
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- START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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- * idn: (libidn)Invoking idn. Internationalized Domain Name (IDN) string conversion.
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- END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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-
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- INFO-DIR-SECTION Emacs
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- START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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- * IDN Library: (libidn)Emacs API. Emacs API for IDN functions.
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- END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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-
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- 
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- File: libidn.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir)
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-
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- GNU Libidn
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- **********
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-
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- This manual is last updated 14 January 2016 for version 1.33 of GNU
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- Libidn.
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-
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- Copyright © 2002-2016 Simon Josefsson.
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-
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- Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
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- document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
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- Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
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- Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
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- no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
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- section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.
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-
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- * Menu:
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-
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- * Introduction:: How to use this manual.
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- * Preparation:: What you should do before using the library.
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- * Utility Functions:: Unicode transformation utility functions.
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- * Stringprep Functions:: Stringprep functions.
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- * Punycode Functions:: Punycode functions.
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- * IDNA Functions:: IDNA functions.
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- * TLD Functions:: TLD functions.
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- * PR29 Functions:: Detect strings non-idempotent under NFKC.
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- * Examples:: Demonstrate how to use the library.
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- * Invoking idn:: Command line interface to the library.
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- * Emacs API:: Emacs Lisp API for Libidn.
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- * Java API:: Notes on the Java port of Libidn.
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- * C# API:: Notes on the C# port of Libidn.
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- * Acknowledgements:: Whom to blame.
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- * History:: Rough outline of development history.
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-
65
- Appendices
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-
67
- * PR29 discussion:: Implementation aspects of the PR29 flaw.
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- * On Label Separators:: Discussions of a flaw in the IDNA spec.
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- * Copying Information:: License texts.
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-
71
- Indices
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-
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- * Function and Variable Index::
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- * Concept Index::
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-
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- 
77
- File: libidn.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Preparation, Prev: Top, Up: Top
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-
79
- 1 Introduction
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- **************
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-
82
- GNU Libidn is a fully documented implementation of the Stringprep,
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- Punycode and IDNA specifications. Libidn’s purpose is to encode and
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- decode internationalized domain name strings. There are native C, C#
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- and Java libraries.
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-
87
- The C library contains a generic Stringprep implementation. Profiles
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- for Nameprep, iSCSI, SASL, XMPP and Kerberos V5 are included. Punycode
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- and ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) via IDNA are supported. A mechanism
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- to define Top-Level Domain (TLD) specific validation tables, and to
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- compare strings against those tables, is included. Default tables for
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- some TLDs are also included.
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-
94
- The Stringprep API consists of two main functions, one for converting
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- data from the system’s native representation into UTF-8, and one
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- function to perform the Stringprep processing. Adding a new Stringprep
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- profile for your application within the API is straightforward. The
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- Punycode API consists of one encoding function and one decoding
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- function. The IDNA API consists of the ToASCII and ToUnicode functions,
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- as well as an high-level interface for converting entire domain names to
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- and from the ACE encoded form. The TLD API consists of one set of
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- functions to extract the TLD name from a domain string, one set of
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- functions to locate the proper TLD table to use based on the TLD name,
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- and core functions to validate a string against a TLD table, and some
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- utility wrappers to perform all the steps in one call.
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-
107
- The library is used by, e.g., GNU SASL and Shishi to process user
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- names and passwords. Libidn can be built into GNU Libc to enable a new
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- system-wide getaddrinfo flag for IDN processing.
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-
111
- Libidn is developed for the GNU/Linux system, but runs on over 20
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- Unix platforms (including Solaris, IRIX, AIX, and Tru64) and Windows.
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- The library is written in C and (parts of) the API is also accessible
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- from C++, Emacs Lisp, Python and Java. A native Java and C# port is
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- included.
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-
117
- Also included is a command line tool, several self tests, code
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- examples, and more.
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-
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- * Menu:
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-
122
- * Getting Started::
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- * Features::
124
- * Library Overview::
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- * Supported Platforms::
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- * Getting help::
127
- * Commercial Support::
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- * Downloading and Installing::
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- * Bug Reports::
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- * Contributing::
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-
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- 
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- File: libidn.info, Node: Getting Started, Next: Features, Up: Introduction
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-
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- 1.1 Getting Started
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- ===================
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-
138
- This manual documents the library programming interface. All functions
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- and data types provided by the library are explained. Included are also
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- examples, and documentation for the command line tool ‘idn’ that provide
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- a quick interface to the library. The Emacs Lisp bindings for the
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- library is also discussed.
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-
144
- The reader is assumed to possess basic familiarity with
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- internationalization concepts and network programming in C or C++.
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-
147
- This manual can be used in several ways. If read from the beginning
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- to the end, it gives a good introduction into the library and how it can
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- be used in an application. Forward references are included where
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- necessary. Later on, the manual can be used as a reference manual to
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- get just the information needed about any particular interface of the
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- library. Experienced programmers might want to start looking at the
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- examples at the end of the manual (*note Examples::), and then only read
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- up those parts of the interface which are unclear.
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-
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- 
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- File: libidn.info, Node: Features, Next: Library Overview, Prev: Getting Started, Up: Introduction
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-
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- 1.2 Features
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- ============
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-
162
- This library might have a couple of advantages over other libraries
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- doing a similar job.
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-
165
- It’s Free Software
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- Anybody can use, modify, and redistribute it under the terms of a
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- free software license.
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-
169
- It’s thread-safe
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- No global state is kept in the library. All functions are
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- re-entrant.
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-
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- It’s portable
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- The code is intended to be written in pure ANSI C89. It has been
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- tested on many Unix like operating systems, and Windows.
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-
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- It’s modularized
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- The library is composed of several modules, and the only
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- interaction between modules is through each modules’ public API. If
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- you only need one piece of functionality, it is possible to take
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- the files you need and incorporate them into your own project.
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-
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- It’s not bloated
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- The design of the library is based on the smallest API necessary to
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- implement the basic functionality. It has been carefully extended
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- with a small number of high-level wrappers to make it comfortable
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- to use the library. However, it does not implement additional
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- functionality just for the sake of completeness.
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-
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- It’s documented
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- Sadly, not all software comes with documentation these days. This
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- one does.
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-
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- 
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- File: libidn.info, Node: Library Overview, Next: Supported Platforms, Prev: Features, Up: Introduction
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-
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- 1.3 Library Overview
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- ====================
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-
200
- The following illustration show the components that make up Libidn, and
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- how your application relates to the library. In the illustration,
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- various components are shown as boxes. You see the generic StringPrep
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- component, the various StringPrep profiles including Nameprep, the
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- Punycode component, the IDNA component, and the TLD component. The
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- arrows indicate aggregation, e.g., IDNA uses Punycode and Nameprep, and
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- in turn Nameprep uses the generic StringPrep interface. The interfaces
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- to all components are available for applications, no component within
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- the library is hidden from the application.
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-
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- [image src="libidn-components.png"]
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-
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- 
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- File: libidn.info, Node: Supported Platforms, Next: Getting help, Prev: Library Overview, Up: Introduction
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-
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- 1.4 Supported Platforms
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- =======================
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-
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- Libidn has at some point in time been tested on the following platforms.
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- Build reports for each platforms and Libidn version is available at
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- <http://autobuild.josefsson.org/libidn/>.
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-
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- 1. Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 (Woody)
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-
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- GCC 2.95.4 and GNU Make. This is the main development platform.
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- ‘alphaev67-unknown-linux-gnu’, ‘alphaev6-unknown-linux-gnu’,
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- ‘arm-unknown-linux-gnu’, ‘armv4l-unknown-linux-gnu’,
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- ‘hppa-unknown-linux-gnu’, ‘hppa64-unknown-linux-gnu’,
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- ‘i686-pc-linux-gnu’, ‘ia64-unknown-linux-gnu’,
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- ‘m68k-unknown-linux-gnu’, ‘mips-unknown-linux-gnu’,
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- ‘mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu’, ‘powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu’,
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- ‘s390-ibm-linux-gnu’, ‘sparc-unknown-linux-gnu’,
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- ‘sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu’.
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-
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- 2. Debian GNU/Linux 2.1
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-
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- GCC 2.95.1 and GNU Make. ‘armv4l-unknown-linux-gnu’.
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-
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- 3. Tru64 UNIX
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-
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- Tru64 UNIX C compiler and Tru64 Make. ‘alphaev67-dec-osf5.1’,
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- ‘alphaev68-dec-osf5.1’.
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-
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- 4. SuSE Linux 7.1
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- GCC 2.96 and GNU Make. ‘alphaev6-unknown-linux-gnu’,
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- ‘alphaev67-unknown-linux-gnu’.
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-
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- 5. SuSE Linux 7.2a
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- GCC 3.0 and GNU Make. ‘ia64-unknown-linux-gnu’.
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-
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- 6. SuSE Linux
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- GCC 3.2.2 and GNU Make. ‘x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu’ (AMD64 Opteron
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- “Melody”).
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-
257
- 7. SuSE Enterprise Server 9 on IBM OpenPower 720
258
-
259
- GCC 3.3.3 and GNU Make. ‘powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu’.
260
-
261
- 8. RedHat Linux 7.2
262
-
263
- GCC 2.96 and GNU Make. ‘alphaev6-unknown-linux-gnu’,
264
- ‘alphaev67-unknown-linux-gnu’, ‘ia64-unknown-linux-gnu’.
265
-
266
- 9. RedHat Linux 8.0
267
-
268
- GCC 3.2 and GNU Make. ‘i686-pc-linux-gnu’.
269
-
270
- 10. RedHat Advanced Server 2.1
271
-
272
- GCC 2.96 and GNU Make. ‘i686-pc-linux-gnu’.
273
-
274
- 11. Slackware Linux 8.0.01
275
-
276
- GCC 2.95.3 and GNU Make. ‘i686-pc-linux-gnu’.
277
-
278
- 12. Mandrake Linux 9.0
279
-
280
- GCC 3.2 and GNU Make. ‘i686-pc-linux-gnu’.
281
-
282
- 13. IRIX 6.5
283
-
284
- MIPS C compiler, IRIX Make. ‘mips-sgi-irix6.5’.
285
-
286
- 14. AIX 4.3.2
287
-
288
- IBM C for AIX compiler, AIX Make. ‘rs6000-ibm-aix4.3.2.0’.
289
-
290
- 15. Microsoft Windows 2000 (Cygwin)
291
-
292
- GCC 3.2, GNU make. ‘i686-pc-cygwin’.
293
-
294
- 16. HP-UX 11
295
-
296
- HP-UX C compiler and HP Make. ‘ia64-hp-hpux11.22’,
297
- ‘hppa2.0w-hp-hpux11.11’.
298
-
299
- 17. SUN Solaris 2.7
300
-
301
- GCC 3.0.4 and GNU Make. ‘sparc-sun-solaris2.7’.
302
-
303
- 18. SUN Solaris 2.8
304
-
305
- Sun WorkShop Compiler C 6.0 and SUN Make. ‘sparc-sun-solaris2.8’.
306
-
307
- 19. SUN Solaris 2.9
308
-
309
- Sun Forte Developer 7 C compiler and GNU Make.
310
- ‘sparc-sun-solaris2.9’.
311
-
312
- 20. NetBSD 1.6
313
-
314
- GCC 2.95.3 and GNU Make. ‘alpha-unknown-netbsd1.6’,
315
- ‘i386-unknown-netbsdelf1.6’.
316
-
317
- 21. OpenBSD 3.1 and 3.2
318
-
319
- GCC 2.95.3 and GNU Make. ‘alpha-unknown-openbsd3.1’,
320
- ‘i386-unknown-openbsd3.1’.
321
-
322
- 22. FreeBSD 4.7 and 4.8
323
-
324
- GCC 2.95.4 and GNU Make. ‘alpha-unknown-freebsd4.7’,
325
- ‘alpha-unknown-freebsd4.8’, ‘i386-unknown-freebsd4.7’,
326
- ‘i386-unknown-freebsd4.8’.
327
-
328
- 23. MacOS X 10.2 Server Edition
329
-
330
- GCC 3.1 and GNU Make. ‘powerpc-apple-darwin6.5’.
331
-
332
- 24. MacOS X 10.4 “Tiger” with Xcode 2.0
333
-
334
- GCC 4.0 and GNU Make. ‘powerpc-apple-darwin8.0’.
335
-
336
- 25. Cross compiled to uClinux/uClibc on Motorola Coldfire
337
-
338
- GCC 3.4 and GNU Make ‘m68k-uclinux-elf’.
339
-
340
- 26. Cross compiled to ARM using Glibc
341
-
342
- GCC 2.95 and GNU Make ‘arm-linux’.
343
-
344
- 27. Cross compiled to Mingw32.
345
-
346
- GCC 3.4.4 and GNU Make ‘i586-mingw32msvc’.
347
-
348
- 28. OS/2
349
-
350
- GCC.
351
-
352
- If you use Libidn on, or port Libidn to, a new platform please report
353
- it to the author.
354
-
355
- 
356
- File: libidn.info, Node: Getting help, Next: Commercial Support, Prev: Supported Platforms, Up: Introduction
357
-
358
- 1.5 Getting help
359
- ================
360
-
361
- A mailing list where users of Libidn may help each other exists, and you
362
- can reach it by sending e-mail to <help-libidn@gnu.org>. Archives of
363
- the mailing list discussions, and an interface to manage subscriptions,
364
- is available through the World Wide Web at
365
- <http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/help-libidn>.
366
-
367
- 
368
- File: libidn.info, Node: Commercial Support, Next: Downloading and Installing, Prev: Getting help, Up: Introduction
369
-
370
- 1.6 Commercial Support
371
- ======================
372
-
373
- Commercial support is available for users of GNU Libidn. The kind of
374
- support that can be purchased may include:
375
-
376
- • Implement new features. Such as country code specific profiling to
377
- support a restricted subset of Unicode.
378
-
379
- • Port Libidn to new platforms. This could include porting Libidn to
380
- an embedded platforms that may need memory or size optimization.
381
-
382
- • Integrating IDN support in your existing project.
383
-
384
- • System design of components related to IDN.
385
-
386
- If you are interested, please write to:
387
-
388
- Simon Josefsson Datakonsult AB
389
- Hagagatan 24
390
- 113 47 Stockholm
391
- Sweden
392
-
393
- E-mail: simon@josefsson.org
394
-
395
- If your company provides support related to GNU Libidn and would like
396
- to be mentioned here, contact the author (*note Bug Reports::).
397
-
398
- 
399
- File: libidn.info, Node: Downloading and Installing, Next: Bug Reports, Prev: Commercial Support, Up: Introduction
400
-
401
- 1.7 Downloading and Installing
402
- ==============================
403
-
404
- The package can be downloaded from several places, including:
405
-
406
- <ftp://alpha.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libidn/>
407
-
408
- The latest version is stored in a file, e.g., ‘libidn-1.33.tar.gz’
409
- where the ‘1.33’ value is the highest version number in the directory.
410
-
411
- The package is then extracted, configured and built like many other
412
- packages that use Autoconf. For detailed information on configuring and
413
- building it, refer to the ‘INSTALL’ file that is part of the
414
- distribution archive.
415
-
416
- Here is an example terminal session that download, configure, build
417
- and install the package. You will need a few basic tools, such as ‘sh’,
418
- ‘make’ and ‘cc’.
419
-
420
- $ wget -q ftp://alpha.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libidn/libidn-1.33.tar.gz
421
- $ tar xfz libidn-1.33.tar.gz
422
- $ cd libidn-1.33/
423
- $ ./configure
424
- ...
425
- $ make
426
- ...
427
- $ make install
428
- ...
429
-
430
- After that Libidn should be properly installed and ready for use.
431
-
432
- A few ‘configure’ options may be relevant, summarized in the table.
433
-
434
- ‘--enable-java’
435
- Build the Java port into a *.JAR file. *Note Java API::, for more
436
- information.
437
-
438
- ‘--disable-tld’
439
- Disable the TLD module. This would typically only be useful if you
440
- are building on a memory restricted platforms. *Note TLD
441
- Functions::, for more information.
442
-
443
- ‘--enable-csharp[=IMPL]’
444
- Build the ‘C#’ port into a ‘*.DLL’ file. *Note C# API::, for more
445
- information. Here, ‘IMPL’ is ‘pnet’ or ‘mono’, indicating whether
446
- the PNET ‘cscc’ compiler or the Mono ‘mcs’ compiler should be used,
447
- respectively.
448
-
449
- ‘--disable-valgrind-tests’
450
- Disable running the self-checks under Valgrind
451
- (<http://valgrind.org/>). Normally Valgrind does not cause
452
- problems and can detect some severe memory errors. If you are
453
- getting errors from Valgrind that are caused by the compiler or
454
- libc (possibly as a result of special optimization flags), you may
455
- use this option to disable the use of Valgrind.
456
-
457
- For the complete list, refer to the output from ‘configure --help’.
458
-
459
- * Menu:
460
-
461
- * Installing under Windows:: Windows specific build instructions.
462
-
463
- 
464
- File: libidn.info, Node: Installing under Windows, Up: Downloading and Installing
465
-
466
- 1.7.1 Installing under Windows
467
- ------------------------------
468
-
469
- There are two ways to build Libidn on Windows: via MinGW or via Visual
470
- Studio.
471
-
472
- With MinGW, you can build a Libidn DLL and use it from other
473
- applications. After installing MinGW (<http://mingw.org/>) follow the
474
- generic installation instructions (*note Downloading and Installing::).
475
- The DLL is installed by default.
476
-
477
- For information on how to use the DLL in other applications, see:
478
- <http://www.mingw.org/mingwfaq.shtml#faq-msvcdll>.
479
-
480
- You can build Libidn as a native Visual Studio C++ project. This
481
- allows you to build the code for other platforms that VS supports, such
482
- as Windows Mobile. You need Visual Studio 2005 or later.
483
-
484
- First download and unpack the archive as described in the generic
485
- installation instructions (*note Downloading and Installing::). Don’t
486
- run ‘./configure’. Instead, start Visual Studio and open the project
487
- file ‘windows/libidn.sln’ inside the Libidn directory. You should be
488
- able to build the project using Build Project.
489
-
490
- Output libraries will be written into the ‘windows/lib’ (or
491
- ‘windows/lib/debug’ for Debug versions) folder.
492
-
493
- When working with Windows you may want to look into the special
494
- memory handling functions that may be needed (*note Memory handling
495
- under Windows::).
496
-
497
- 
498
- File: libidn.info, Node: Bug Reports, Next: Contributing, Prev: Downloading and Installing, Up: Introduction
499
-
500
- 1.8 Bug Reports
501
- ===============
502
-
503
- If you think you have found a bug in Libidn, please investigate it and
504
- report it.
505
-
506
- • Please make sure that the bug is really in Libidn, and preferably
507
- also check that it hasn’t already been fixed in the latest version.
508
-
509
- • You have to send us a test case that makes it possible for us to
510
- reproduce the bug.
511
-
512
- • You also have to explain what is wrong; if you get a crash, or if
513
- the results printed are not good and in that case, in what way.
514
- Make sure that the bug report includes all information you would
515
- need to fix this kind of bug for someone else.
516
-
517
- Please make an effort to produce a self-contained report, with
518
- something definite that can be tested or debugged. Vague queries or
519
- piecemeal messages are difficult to act on and don’t help the
520
- development effort.
521
-
522
- If your bug report is good, we will do our best to help you to get a
523
- corrected version of the software; if the bug report is poor, we won’t
524
- do anything about it (apart from asking you to send better bug reports).
525
-
526
- If you think something in this manual is unclear, or downright
527
- incorrect, or if the language needs to be improved, please also send a
528
- note.
529
-
530
- Send your bug report to:
531
-
532
- ‘bug-libidn@gnu.org’
533
-
534
- 
535
- File: libidn.info, Node: Contributing, Prev: Bug Reports, Up: Introduction
536
-
537
- 1.9 Contributing
538
- ================
539
-
540
- If you want to submit a patch for inclusion – from solve a typo you
541
- discovered, up to adding support for a new feature – you should submit
542
- it as a bug report (*note Bug Reports::). There are some things that
543
- you can do to increase the chances for it to be included in the official
544
- package.
545
-
546
- Unless your patch is very small (say, under 10 lines) we require that
547
- you assign the copyright of your work to the Free Software Foundation.
548
- This is to protect the freedom of the project. If you have not already
549
- signed papers, we will send you the necessary information when you
550
- submit your contribution.
551
-
552
- For contributions that doesn’t consist of actual programming code,
553
- the only guidelines are common sense. Use it.
554
-
555
- For code contributions, a number of style guides will help you:
556
-
557
- • Coding Style. Follow the GNU Standards document (*note GNU Coding
558
- Standards: (standards)top.).
559
-
560
- If you normally code using another coding standard, there is no
561
- problem, but you should use ‘indent’ to reformat the code (*note
562
- GNU Indent: (indent)top.) before submitting your work.
563
-
564
- • Use the unified diff format ‘diff -u’.
565
-
566
- • Return errors. No reason whatsoever should abort the execution of
567
- the library. Even memory allocation errors, e.g. when malloc
568
- return NULL, should work although result in an error code.
569
-
570
- • Design with thread safety in mind. Don’t use global variables and
571
- the like.
572
-
573
- • Avoid using the C math library. It causes problems for embedded
574
- implementations, and in most situations it is very easy to avoid
575
- using it.
576
-
577
- • Document your functions. Use comments before each function
578
- headers, that, if properly formatted, are extracted into GTK-DOC
579
- web pages. Don’t forget to update the Texinfo manual as well.
580
-
581
- • Supply a ChangeLog and NEWS entries, where appropriate.
582
-
583
- 
584
- File: libidn.info, Node: Preparation, Next: Utility Functions, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top
585
-
586
- 2 Preparation
587
- *************
588
-
589
- To use ‘Libidn’, you have to perform some changes to your sources and
590
- the build system. The necessary changes are small and explained in the
591
- following sections. At the end of this chapter, it is described how the
592
- library is initialized, and how the requirements of the library are
593
- verified.
594
-
595
- A faster way to find out how to adapt your application for use with
596
- ‘Libidn’ may be to look at the examples at the end of this manual (*note
597
- Examples::).
598
-
599
- * Menu:
600
-
601
- * Header::
602
- * Initialization::
603
- * Version Check::
604
- * Building the source::
605
- * Autoconf tests::
606
- * Memory handling under Windows::
607
-
608
- 
609
- File: libidn.info, Node: Header, Next: Initialization, Up: Preparation
610
-
611
- 2.1 Header
612
- ==========
613
-
614
- The library contains a few independent parts, and each part export the
615
- interfaces (data types and functions) in a header file. You must
616
- include the appropriate header files in all programs using the library,
617
- either directly or through some other header file, like this:
618
-
619
- #include <stringprep.h>
620
-
621
- The header files and the functions they define are categorized as
622
- follows:
623
-
624
- stringprep.h
625
-
626
- The low-level stringprep API entry point. For IDN applications,
627
- this is usually invoked via IDNA. Some applications, specifically
628
- non-IDN ones, may want to prepare strings directly though, and
629
- should include this header file.
630
-
631
- The name space of the stringprep part of Libidn is ‘stringprep*’
632
- for function names, ‘Stringprep*’ for data types and ‘STRINGPREP_*’
633
- for other symbols. In addition, ‘_stringprep*’ is reserved for
634
- internal use and should never be used by applications.
635
-
636
- punycode.h
637
-
638
- The entry point to Punycode encoding and decoding functions.
639
- Normally punycode is used via the idna.h interface, but some
640
- application may want to perform raw punycode operations.
641
-
642
- The name space of the punycode part of Libidn is ‘punycode_*’ for
643
- function names, ‘Punycode*’ for data types and ‘PUNYCODE_*’ for
644
- other symbols. In addition, ‘_punycode*’ is reserved for internal
645
- use and should never be used by applications.
646
- idna.h
647
-
648
- The entry point to the IDNA functions. This is the normal entry
649
- point for applications that need IDN functionality.
650
-
651
- The name space of the IDNA part of Libidn is ‘idna_*’ for function
652
- names, ‘Idna*’ for data types and ‘IDNA_*’ for other symbols. In
653
- addition, ‘_idna*’ is reserved for internal use and should never be
654
- used by applications.
655
-
656
- tld.h
657
-
658
- The entry point to the TLD functions. Normal applications are not
659
- expected to need this functionality, but it is present for
660
- applications that are used by TLDs to validate customer input.
661
-
662
- The name space of the TLD part of Libidn is ‘tld_*’ for function
663
- names, ‘Tld_*’ for data types and ‘TLD_*’ for other symbols. In
664
- addition, ‘_tld*’ is reserved for internal use and should never be
665
- used by applications.
666
-
667
- pr29.h
668
-
669
- The entry point to the PR29 functions. These functions are used to
670
- detect “problem sequences” (*note PR29 Functions::), mostly for use
671
- in security critical applications.
672
-
673
- The name space of the PR29 part of Libidn is ‘pr29_*’ for function
674
- names, ‘Pr29_*’ for data types and ‘PR29_*’ for other symbols. In
675
- addition, ‘_pr29*’ is reserved for internal use and should never be
676
- used by applications.
677
-
678
- idn-free.h
679
-
680
- The entry point to the Windows memory de-allocation function (*note
681
- Memory handling under Windows::). It contains only one function
682
- ‘idn_free’.
683
-
684
- All header files defined and use the symbol ‘IDNAPI’ to decorate the
685
- API functions.
686
-
687
- 
688
- File: libidn.info, Node: Initialization, Next: Version Check, Prev: Header, Up: Preparation
689
-
690
- 2.2 Initialization
691
- ==================
692
-
693
- Libidn is stateless and does not need any initialization.
694
-
695
- 
696
- File: libidn.info, Node: Version Check, Next: Building the source, Prev: Initialization, Up: Preparation
697
-
698
- 2.3 Version Check
699
- =================
700
-
701
- It is often desirable to check that the version of ‘Libidn’ used is
702
- indeed one which fits all requirements. Even with binary compatibility
703
- new features may have been introduced but due to problem with the
704
- dynamic linker an old version is actually used. So you may want to
705
- check that the version is okay right after program startup.
706
-
707
- stringprep_check_version
708
- ------------------------
709
-
710
- -- Function: const char * stringprep_check_version (const char *
711
- REQ_VERSION)
712
- REQ_VERSION: Required version number, or NULL.
713
-
714
- Check that the version of the library is at minimum the requested
715
- one and return the version string; return NULL if the condition is
716
- not satisfied. If a NULL is passed to this function, no check is
717
- done, but the version string is simply returned.
718
-
719
- See ‘STRINGPREP_VERSION’ for a suitable ‘req_version’ string.
720
-
721
- Return value: Version string of run-time library, or NULL if the
722
- run-time library does not meet the required version number.
723
-
724
- The normal way to use the function is to put something similar to the
725
- following first in your ‘main’:
726
-
727
- if (!stringprep_check_version (STRINGPREP_VERSION))
728
- {
729
- printf ("stringprep_check_version() failed:\n"
730
- "Header file incompatible with shared library.\n");
731
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
732
- }
733
-
734
- 
735
- File: libidn.info, Node: Building the source, Next: Autoconf tests, Prev: Version Check, Up: Preparation
736
-
737
- 2.4 Building the source
738
- =======================
739
-
740
- If you want to compile a source file including e.g. the ‘idna.h’ header
741
- file, you must make sure that the compiler can find it in the directory
742
- hierarchy. This is accomplished by adding the path to the directory in
743
- which the header file is located to the compilers include file search
744
- path (via the ‘-I’ option).
745
-
746
- However, the path to the include file is determined at the time the
747
- source is configured. To solve this problem, ‘Libidn’ uses the external
748
- package ‘pkg-config’ that knows the path to the include file and other
749
- configuration options. The options that need to be added to the
750
- compiler invocation at compile time are output by the ‘--cflags’ option
751
- to ‘pkg-config libidn’. The following example shows how it can be used
752
- at the command line:
753
-
754
- gcc -c foo.c `pkg-config libidn --cflags`
755
-
756
- Adding the output of ‘pkg-config libidn --cflags’ to the compilers
757
- command line will ensure that the compiler can find e.g. the idna.h
758
- header file.
759
-
760
- A similar problem occurs when linking the program with the library.
761
- Again, the compiler has to find the library files. For this to work,
762
- the path to the library files has to be added to the library search path
763
- (via the ‘-L’ option). For this, the option ‘--libs’ to ‘pkg-config
764
- libidn’ can be used. For convenience, this option also outputs all
765
- other options that are required to link the program with the ‘libidn’
766
- library. The example shows how to link ‘foo.o’ with the ‘libidn’
767
- library to a program ‘foo’.
768
-
769
- gcc -o foo foo.o `pkg-config libidn --libs`
770
-
771
- Of course you can also combine both examples to a single command by
772
- specifying both options to ‘pkg-config’:
773
-
774
- gcc -o foo foo.c `pkg-config libidn --cflags --libs`
775
-
776
- 
777
- File: libidn.info, Node: Autoconf tests, Next: Memory handling under Windows, Prev: Building the source, Up: Preparation
778
-
779
- 2.5 Autoconf tests
780
- ==================
781
-
782
- If your project uses Autoconf (*note GNU Autoconf: (autoconf)top.) to
783
- check for installed libraries, you might find the following snippet
784
- illustrative. It add a new ‘configure’ parameter ‘--with-libidn’, and
785
- check for ‘idna.h’ and ‘-lidn’ (possibly below the directory specified
786
- as the optional argument to ‘--with-libidn’), and define the CPP symbol
787
- ‘LIBIDN’ if the library is found. The default behaviour is to search
788
- for the library and enable the functionality (that is, define the
789
- symbol) when the library is found, but if you wish to make the default
790
- behaviour of your package be that Libidn is not used (even if it is
791
- installed on the system), change ‘libidn=yes’ to ‘libidn=no’ on the
792
- third line.
793
-
794
- AC_ARG_WITH(libidn, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-libidn=[DIR]],
795
- [Support IDN (needs GNU Libidn)]),
796
- libidn=$withval, libidn=yes)
797
- if test "$libidn" != "no"; then
798
- if test "$libidn" != "yes"; then
799
- LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS} -L$libidn/lib"
800
- CPPFLAGS="${CPPFLAGS} -I$libidn/include"
801
- fi
802
- AC_CHECK_HEADER(idna.h,
803
- AC_CHECK_LIB(idn, stringprep_check_version,
804
- [libidn=yes LIBS="${LIBS} -lidn"], libidn=no),
805
- libidn=no)
806
- fi
807
- if test "$libidn" != "no" ; then
808
- AC_DEFINE(LIBIDN, 1, [Define to 1 if you want IDN support.])
809
- else
810
- AC_MSG_WARN([Libidn not found])
811
- fi
812
- AC_MSG_CHECKING([if Libidn should be used])
813
- AC_MSG_RESULT($libidn)
814
-
815
- If you require that your users have installed ‘pkg-config’ (which I
816
- cannot recommend generally), the above can be done more easily as
817
- follows.
818
-
819
- AC_ARG_WITH(libidn, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-libidn=[DIR]],
820
- [Support IDN (needs GNU Libidn)]),
821
- libidn=$withval, libidn=yes)
822
- if test "$libidn" != "no" ; then
823
- PKG_CHECK_MODULES(LIBIDN, libidn >= 0.0.0, [libidn=yes], [libidn=no])
824
- if test "$libidn" != "yes" ; then
825
- libidn=no
826
- AC_MSG_WARN([Libidn not found])
827
- else
828
- libidn=yes
829
- AC_DEFINE(LIBIDN, 1, [Define to 1 if you want Libidn.])
830
- fi
831
- fi
832
- AC_MSG_CHECKING([if Libidn should be used])
833
- AC_MSG_RESULT($libidn)
834
-
835
- 
836
- File: libidn.info, Node: Memory handling under Windows, Prev: Autoconf tests, Up: Preparation
837
-
838
- 2.6 Memory handling under Windows
839
- =================================
840
-
841
- Several functions in the library allocates memory. The memory is
842
- expected to be de-allocated using the ‘free’ function. Under Windows,
843
- it is sometimes necessary to de-allocate memory in the same module that
844
- allocated a memory region. The reason is that different modules use
845
- separate heap memory regions. To solve this problem we provide a
846
- function to de-allocate memory inside the library.
847
-
848
- Note that we do not recommend using this interface generally if you
849
- do not care about Windows portability.
850
-
851
- 2.7 Header file ‘idn-free.h’
852
- ============================
853
-
854
- To use the function explained in this chapter, you need to include the
855
- file ‘idn-free.h’ using:
856
-
857
- #include <idn-free.h>
858
-
859
- 2.8 Memory de-allocation function
860
- =================================
861
-
862
- idn_free
863
- --------
864
-
865
- -- Function: void idn_free (void * PTR)
866
- PTR: memory region to deallocate, or ‘NULL’ .
867
-
868
- Deallocates memory region by calling ‘free()’ . If ‘ptr’ is ‘NULL’
869
- no operation is performed.
870
-
871
- Normally applications de-allocate strings allocated by libidn by
872
- calling ‘free()’ directly. Under Windows, different parts of the
873
- same application may use different heap memory, and then it is
874
- important to deallocate memory allocated within the same module
875
- that allocated it. This function makes that possible.
876
-
877
- 
878
- File: libidn.info, Node: Utility Functions, Next: Stringprep Functions, Prev: Preparation, Up: Top
879
-
880
- 3 Utility Functions
881
- *******************
882
-
883
- The rest of this library makes extensive use of Unicode characters. In
884
- order to interface this library with the outside world, your application
885
- may need to make various Unicode transformations.
886
-
887
- 3.1 Header file ‘stringprep.h’
888
- ==============================
889
-
890
- To use the functions explained in this chapter, you need to include the
891
- file ‘stringprep.h’ using:
892
-
893
- #include <stringprep.h>
894
-
895
- 3.2 Unicode Encoding Transformation
896
- ===================================
897
-
898
- stringprep_unichar_to_utf8
899
- --------------------------
900
-
901
- -- Function: int stringprep_unichar_to_utf8 (uint32_t C, char * OUTBUF)
902
- C: a ISO10646 character code
903
-
904
- OUTBUF: output buffer, must have at least 6 bytes of space. If
905
- ‘NULL’ , the length will be computed and returned and nothing will
906
- be written to ‘outbuf’ .
907
-
908
- Converts a single character to UTF-8.
909
-
910
- Return value: number of bytes written.
911
-
912
- stringprep_utf8_to_unichar
913
- --------------------------
914
-
915
- -- Function: uint32_t stringprep_utf8_to_unichar (const char * P)
916
- P: a pointer to Unicode character encoded as UTF-8
917
-
918
- Converts a sequence of bytes encoded as UTF-8 to a Unicode
919
- character. If ‘p’ does not point to a valid UTF-8 encoded
920
- character, results are undefined.
921
-
922
- Return value: the resulting character.
923
-
924
- stringprep_ucs4_to_utf8
925
- -----------------------
926
-
927
- -- Function: char * stringprep_ucs4_to_utf8 (const uint32_t * STR,
928
- ssize_t LEN, size_t * ITEMS_READ, size_t * ITEMS_WRITTEN)
929
- STR: a UCS-4 encoded string
930
-
931
- LEN: the maximum length of ‘str’ to use. If ‘len’ < 0, then the
932
- string is terminated with a 0 character.
933
-
934
- ITEMS_READ: location to store number of characters read read, or
935
- ‘NULL’ .
936
-
937
- ITEMS_WRITTEN: location to store number of bytes written or ‘NULL’
938
- . The value here stored does not include the trailing 0 byte.
939
-
940
- Convert a string from a 32-bit fixed width representation as UCS-4.
941
- to UTF-8. The result will be terminated with a 0 byte.
942
-
943
- Return value: a pointer to a newly allocated UTF-8 string. This
944
- value must be deallocated by the caller. If an error occurs,
945
- ‘NULL’ will be returned.
946
-
947
- stringprep_utf8_to_ucs4
948
- -----------------------
949
-
950
- -- Function: uint32_t * stringprep_utf8_to_ucs4 (const char * STR,
951
- ssize_t LEN, size_t * ITEMS_WRITTEN)
952
- STR: a UTF-8 encoded string
953
-
954
- LEN: the maximum length of ‘str’ to use. If ‘len’ < 0, then the
955
- string is nul-terminated.
956
-
957
- ITEMS_WRITTEN: location to store the number of characters in the
958
- result, or ‘NULL’ .
959
-
960
- Convert a string from UTF-8 to a 32-bit fixed width representation
961
- as UCS-4. The function now performs error checking to verify that
962
- the input is valid UTF-8 (before it was documented to not do error
963
- checking).
964
-
965
- Return value: a pointer to a newly allocated UCS-4 string. This
966
- value must be deallocated by the caller.
967
-
968
- 3.3 Unicode Normalization
969
- =========================
970
-
971
- stringprep_ucs4_nfkc_normalize
972
- ------------------------------
973
-
974
- -- Function: uint32_t * stringprep_ucs4_nfkc_normalize (const uint32_t
975
- * STR, ssize_t LEN)
976
- STR: a Unicode string.
977
-
978
- LEN: length of ‘str’ array, or -1 if ‘str’ is nul-terminated.
979
-
980
- Converts a UCS4 string into canonical form, see
981
- ‘stringprep_utf8_nfkc_normalize()’ for more information.
982
-
983
- Return value: a newly allocated Unicode string, that is the NFKC
984
- normalized form of ‘str’ .
985
-
986
- stringprep_utf8_nfkc_normalize
987
- ------------------------------
988
-
989
- -- Function: char * stringprep_utf8_nfkc_normalize (const char * STR,
990
- ssize_t LEN)
991
- STR: a UTF-8 encoded string.
992
-
993
- LEN: length of ‘str’ , in bytes, or -1 if ‘str’ is nul-terminated.
994
-
995
- Converts a string into canonical form, standardizing such issues as
996
- whether a character with an accent is represented as a base
997
- character and combining accent or as a single precomposed
998
- character.
999
-
1000
- The normalization mode is NFKC (ALL COMPOSE). It standardizes
1001
- differences that do not affect the text content, such as the
1002
- above-mentioned accent representation. It standardizes the
1003
- "compatibility" characters in Unicode, such as SUPERSCRIPT THREE to
1004
- the standard forms (in this case DIGIT THREE). Formatting
1005
- information may be lost but for most text operations such
1006
- characters should be considered the same. It returns a result with
1007
- composed forms rather than a maximally decomposed form.
1008
-
1009
- Return value: a newly allocated string, that is the NFKC normalized
1010
- form of ‘str’ .
1011
-
1012
- 3.4 Character Set Conversion
1013
- ============================
1014
-
1015
- stringprep_locale_charset
1016
- -------------------------
1017
-
1018
- -- Function: const char * stringprep_locale_charset ( VOID)
1019
-
1020
- Find out current locale charset. The function respect the CHARSET
1021
- environment variable, but typically uses nl_langinfo(CODESET) when
1022
- it is supported. It fall back on "ASCII" if CHARSET isn’t set and
1023
- nl_langinfo isn’t supported or return anything.
1024
-
1025
- Note that this function return the application’s locale’s preferred
1026
- charset (or thread’s locale’s preffered charset, if your system
1027
- support thread-specific locales). It does not return what the
1028
- system may be using. Thus, if you receive data from external
1029
- sources you cannot in general use this function to guess what
1030
- charset it is encoded in. Use stringprep_convert from the external
1031
- representation into the charset returned by this function, to have
1032
- data in the locale encoding.
1033
-
1034
- Return value: Return the character set used by the current locale.
1035
- It will never return NULL, but use "ASCII" as a fallback.
1036
-
1037
- stringprep_convert
1038
- ------------------
1039
-
1040
- -- Function: char * stringprep_convert (const char * STR, const char *
1041
- TO_CODESET, const char * FROM_CODESET)
1042
- STR: input zero-terminated string.
1043
-
1044
- TO_CODESET: name of destination character set.
1045
-
1046
- FROM_CODESET: name of origin character set, as used by ‘str’ .
1047
-
1048
- Convert the string from one character set to another using the
1049
- system’s ‘iconv()’ function.
1050
-
1051
- Return value: Returns newly allocated zero-terminated string which
1052
- is ‘str’ transcoded into to_codeset.
1053
-
1054
- stringprep_locale_to_utf8
1055
- -------------------------
1056
-
1057
- -- Function: char * stringprep_locale_to_utf8 (const char * STR)
1058
- STR: input zero terminated string.
1059
-
1060
- Convert string encoded in the locale’s character set into UTF-8 by
1061
- using ‘stringprep_convert()’ .
1062
-
1063
- Return value: Returns newly allocated zero-terminated string which
1064
- is ‘str’ transcoded into UTF-8.
1065
-
1066
- stringprep_utf8_to_locale
1067
- -------------------------
1068
-
1069
- -- Function: char * stringprep_utf8_to_locale (const char * STR)
1070
- STR: input zero terminated string.
1071
-
1072
- Convert string encoded in UTF-8 into the locale’s character set by
1073
- using ‘stringprep_convert()’ .
1074
-
1075
- Return value: Returns newly allocated zero-terminated string which
1076
- is ‘str’ transcoded into the locale’s character set.
1077
-
1078
- 
1079
- File: libidn.info, Node: Stringprep Functions, Next: Punycode Functions, Prev: Utility Functions, Up: Top
1080
-
1081
- 4 Stringprep Functions
1082
- **********************
1083
-
1084
- Stringprep describes a framework for preparing Unicode text strings in
1085
- order to increase the likelihood that string input and string comparison
1086
- work in ways that make sense for typical users throughout the world.
1087
- The stringprep protocol is useful for protocol identifier values,
1088
- company and personal names, internationalized domain names, and other
1089
- text strings.
1090
-
1091
- 4.1 Header file ‘stringprep.h’
1092
- ==============================
1093
-
1094
- To use the functions explained in this chapter, you need to include the
1095
- file ‘stringprep.h’ using:
1096
-
1097
- #include <stringprep.h>
1098
-
1099
- 4.2 Defining A Stringprep Profile
1100
- =================================
1101
-
1102
- Further types and structures are defined for applications that want to
1103
- specify their own stringprep profile. As these are fairly obscure, and
1104
- by necessity tied to the implementation, we do not document them here.
1105
- Look into the ‘stringprep.h’ header file, and the ‘profiles.c’ source
1106
- code for the details.
1107
-
1108
- 4.3 Control Flags
1109
- =================
1110
-
1111
- -- Stringprep flags: Stringprep_profile_flags STRINGPREP_NO_NFKC
1112
- Disable the NFKC normalization, as well as selecting the non-NFKC
1113
- case folding tables. Usually the profile specifies BIDI and NFKC
1114
- settings, and applications should not override it unless in special
1115
- situations.
1116
-
1117
- -- Stringprep flags: Stringprep_profile_flags STRINGPREP_NO_BIDI
1118
- Disable the BIDI step. Usually the profile specifies BIDI and NFKC
1119
- settings, and applications should not override it unless in special
1120
- situations.
1121
-
1122
- -- Stringprep flags: Stringprep_profile_flags STRINGPREP_NO_UNASSIGNED
1123
- Make the library return with an error if string contains unassigned
1124
- characters according to profile.
1125
-
1126
- 4.4 Core Functions
1127
- ==================
1128
-
1129
- stringprep_4i
1130
- -------------
1131
-
1132
- -- Function: int stringprep_4i (uint32_t * UCS4, size_t * LEN, size_t
1133
- MAXUCS4LEN, Stringprep_profile_flags FLAGS, const
1134
- Stringprep_profile * PROFILE)
1135
- UCS4: input/output array with string to prepare.
1136
-
1137
- LEN: on input, length of input array with Unicode code points, on
1138
- exit, length of output array with Unicode code points.
1139
-
1140
- MAXUCS4LEN: maximum length of input/output array.
1141
-
1142
- FLAGS: a ‘Stringprep_profile_flags’ value, or 0.
1143
-
1144
- PROFILE: pointer to ‘Stringprep_profile’ to use.
1145
-
1146
- Prepare the input UCS-4 string according to the stringprep profile,
1147
- and write back the result to the input string.
1148
-
1149
- The input is not required to be zero terminated ( ‘ucs4’ [ ‘len’ ]
1150
- = 0). The output will not be zero terminated unless ‘ucs4’ [ ‘len’
1151
- ] = 0. Instead, see ‘stringprep_4zi()’ if your input is zero
1152
- terminated or if you want the output to be.
1153
-
1154
- Since the stringprep operation can expand the string, ‘maxucs4len’
1155
- indicate how large the buffer holding the string is. This function
1156
- will not read or write to code points outside that size.
1157
-
1158
- The ‘flags’ are one of ‘Stringprep_profile_flags’ values, or 0.
1159
-
1160
- The ‘profile’ contain the ‘Stringprep_profile’ instructions to
1161
- perform. Your application can define new profiles, possibly
1162
- re-using the generic stringprep tables that always will be part of
1163
- the library, or use one of the currently supported profiles.
1164
-
1165
- Return value: Returns ‘STRINGPREP_OK’ iff successful, or an
1166
- ‘Stringprep_rc’ error code.
1167
-
1168
- stringprep_4zi
1169
- --------------
1170
-
1171
- -- Function: int stringprep_4zi (uint32_t * UCS4, size_t MAXUCS4LEN,
1172
- Stringprep_profile_flags FLAGS, const Stringprep_profile *
1173
- PROFILE)
1174
- UCS4: input/output array with zero terminated string to prepare.
1175
-
1176
- MAXUCS4LEN: maximum length of input/output array.
1177
-
1178
- FLAGS: a ‘Stringprep_profile_flags’ value, or 0.
1179
-
1180
- PROFILE: pointer to ‘Stringprep_profile’ to use.
1181
-
1182
- Prepare the input zero terminated UCS-4 string according to the
1183
- stringprep profile, and write back the result to the input string.
1184
-
1185
- Since the stringprep operation can expand the string, ‘maxucs4len’
1186
- indicate how large the buffer holding the string is. This function
1187
- will not read or write to code points outside that size.
1188
-
1189
- The ‘flags’ are one of ‘Stringprep_profile_flags’ values, or 0.
1190
-
1191
- The ‘profile’ contain the ‘Stringprep_profile’ instructions to
1192
- perform. Your application can define new profiles, possibly
1193
- re-using the generic stringprep tables that always will be part of
1194
- the library, or use one of the currently supported profiles.
1195
-
1196
- Return value: Returns ‘STRINGPREP_OK’ iff successful, or an
1197
- ‘Stringprep_rc’ error code.
1198
-
1199
- stringprep
1200
- ----------
1201
-
1202
- -- Function: int stringprep (char * IN, size_t MAXLEN,
1203
- Stringprep_profile_flags FLAGS, const Stringprep_profile *
1204
- PROFILE)
1205
- IN: input/ouput array with string to prepare.
1206
-
1207
- MAXLEN: maximum length of input/output array.
1208
-
1209
- FLAGS: a ‘Stringprep_profile_flags’ value, or 0.
1210
-
1211
- PROFILE: pointer to ‘Stringprep_profile’ to use.
1212
-
1213
- Prepare the input zero terminated UTF-8 string according to the
1214
- stringprep profile, and write back the result to the input string.
1215
-
1216
- Note that you must convert strings entered in the systems locale
1217
- into UTF-8 before using this function, see
1218
- ‘stringprep_locale_to_utf8()’ .
1219
-
1220
- Since the stringprep operation can expand the string, ‘maxlen’
1221
- indicate how large the buffer holding the string is. This function
1222
- will not read or write to characters outside that size.
1223
-
1224
- The ‘flags’ are one of ‘Stringprep_profile_flags’ values, or 0.
1225
-
1226
- The ‘profile’ contain the ‘Stringprep_profile’ instructions to
1227
- perform. Your application can define new profiles, possibly
1228
- re-using the generic stringprep tables that always will be part of
1229
- the library, or use one of the currently supported profiles.
1230
-
1231
- Return value: Returns ‘STRINGPREP_OK’ iff successful, or an error
1232
- code.
1233
-
1234
- stringprep_profile
1235
- ------------------
1236
-
1237
- -- Function: int stringprep_profile (const char * IN, char ** OUT,
1238
- const char * PROFILE, Stringprep_profile_flags FLAGS)
1239
- IN: input array with UTF-8 string to prepare.
1240
-
1241
- OUT: output variable with pointer to newly allocate string.
1242
-
1243
- PROFILE: name of stringprep profile to use.
1244
-
1245
- FLAGS: a ‘Stringprep_profile_flags’ value, or 0.
1246
-
1247
- Prepare the input zero terminated UTF-8 string according to the
1248
- stringprep profile, and return the result in a newly allocated
1249
- variable.
1250
-
1251
- Note that you must convert strings entered in the systems locale
1252
- into UTF-8 before using this function, see
1253
- ‘stringprep_locale_to_utf8()’ .
1254
-
1255
- The output ‘out’ variable must be deallocated by the caller.
1256
-
1257
- The ‘flags’ are one of ‘Stringprep_profile_flags’ values, or 0.
1258
-
1259
- The ‘profile’ specifies the name of the stringprep profile to use.
1260
- It must be one of the internally supported stringprep profiles.
1261
-
1262
- Return value: Returns ‘STRINGPREP_OK’ iff successful, or an error
1263
- code.
1264
-
1265
- 4.5 Error Handling
1266
- ==================
1267
-
1268
- stringprep_strerror
1269
- -------------------
1270
-
1271
- -- Function: const char * stringprep_strerror (Stringprep_rc RC)
1272
- RC: a ‘Stringprep_rc’ return code.
1273
-
1274
- Convert a return code integer to a text string. This string can be
1275
- used to output a diagnostic message to the user.
1276
-
1277
- *STRINGPREP_OK:* Successful operation. This value is guaranteed to
1278
- always be zero, the remaining ones are only guaranteed to hold
1279
- non-zero values, for logical comparison purposes.
1280
-
1281
- *STRINGPREP_CONTAINS_UNASSIGNED:* String contain unassigned Unicode
1282
- code points, which is forbidden by the profile.
1283
-
1284
- *STRINGPREP_CONTAINS_PROHIBITED:* String contain code points
1285
- prohibited by the profile.
1286
-
1287
- *STRINGPREP_BIDI_BOTH_L_AND_RAL:* String contain code points with
1288
- conflicting bidirection category.
1289
-
1290
- *STRINGPREP_BIDI_LEADTRAIL_NOT_RAL:* Leading and trailing character
1291
- in string not of proper bidirectional category.
1292
-
1293
- *STRINGPREP_BIDI_CONTAINS_PROHIBITED:* Contains prohibited code
1294
- points detected by bidirectional code.
1295
-
1296
- *STRINGPREP_TOO_SMALL_BUFFER:* Buffer handed to function was too
1297
- small. This usually indicate a problem in the calling application.
1298
-
1299
- *STRINGPREP_PROFILE_ERROR:* The stringprep profile was
1300
- inconsistent. This usually indicate an internal error in the
1301
- library.
1302
-
1303
- *STRINGPREP_FLAG_ERROR:* The supplied flag conflicted with profile.
1304
- This usually indicate a problem in the calling application.
1305
-
1306
- *STRINGPREP_UNKNOWN_PROFILE:* The supplied profile name was not
1307
- known to the library.
1308
-
1309
- *STRINGPREP_ICONV_ERROR:* Could not convert string in locale
1310
- encoding.
1311
-
1312
- *STRINGPREP_NFKC_FAILED:* The Unicode NFKC operation failed. This
1313
- usually indicate an internal error in the library.
1314
-
1315
- *STRINGPREP_MALLOC_ERROR:* The ‘malloc()’ was out of memory. This
1316
- is usually a fatal error.
1317
-
1318
- Return value: Returns a pointer to a statically allocated string
1319
- containing a description of the error with the return code ‘rc’ .
1320
-
1321
- 4.6 Stringprep Profile Macros
1322
- =============================
1323
-
1324
- -- Function: int stringprep_nameprep_no_unassigned (char * IN, int
1325
- MAXLEN)
1326
-
1327
- IN: input/ouput array with string to prepare.
1328
-
1329
- MAXLEN: maximum length of input/output array.
1330
-
1331
- Prepare the input UTF-8 string according to the nameprep profile.
1332
- The AllowUnassigned flag is false, use ‘stringprep_nameprep’ for
1333
- true AllowUnassigned. Returns 0 iff successful, or an error code.
1334
-
1335
- -- Function: int stringprep_iscsi (char * IN, int MAXLEN)
1336
-
1337
- IN: input/ouput array with string to prepare.
1338
-
1339
- MAXLEN: maximum length of input/output array.
1340
-
1341
- Prepare the input UTF-8 string according to the draft iSCSI
1342
- stringprep profile. Returns 0 iff successful, or an error code.
1343
-
1344
- -- Function: int stringprep_plain (char * IN, int MAXLEN)
1345
-
1346
- IN: input/ouput array with string to prepare.
1347
-
1348
- MAXLEN: maximum length of input/output array.
1349
-
1350
- Prepare the input UTF-8 string according to the draft SASL
1351
- ANONYMOUS profile. Returns 0 iff successful, or an error code.
1352
-
1353
- -- Function: int stringprep_xmpp_nodeprep (char * IN, int MAXLEN)
1354
-
1355
- IN: input/ouput array with string to prepare.
1356
-
1357
- MAXLEN: maximum length of input/output array.
1358
-
1359
- Prepare the input UTF-8 string according to the draft XMPP node
1360
- identifier profile. Returns 0 iff successful, or an error code.
1361
-
1362
- -- Function: int stringprep_xmpp_resourceprep (char * IN, int MAXLEN)
1363
-
1364
- IN: input/ouput array with string to prepare.
1365
-
1366
- MAXLEN: maximum length of input/output array.
1367
-
1368
- Prepare the input UTF-8 string according to the draft XMPP resource
1369
- identifier profile. Returns 0 iff successful, or an error code.
1370
-
1371
- 
1372
- File: libidn.info, Node: Punycode Functions, Next: IDNA Functions, Prev: Stringprep Functions, Up: Top
1373
-
1374
- 5 Punycode Functions
1375
- ********************
1376
-
1377
- Punycode is a simple and efficient transfer encoding syntax designed for
1378
- use with Internationalized Domain Names in Applications. It uniquely
1379
- and reversibly transforms a Unicode string into an ASCII string. ASCII
1380
- characters in the Unicode string are represented literally, and
1381
- non-ASCII characters are represented by ASCII characters that are
1382
- allowed in host name labels (letters, digits, and hyphens). A general
1383
- algorithm called Bootstring allows a string of basic code points to
1384
- uniquely represent any string of code points drawn from a larger set.
1385
- Punycode is an instance of Bootstring that uses particular parameter
1386
- values, appropriate for IDNA.
1387
-
1388
- 5.1 Header file ‘punycode.h’
1389
- ============================
1390
-
1391
- To use the functions explained in this chapter, you need to include the
1392
- file ‘punycode.h’ using:
1393
-
1394
- #include <punycode.h>
1395
-
1396
- 5.2 Unicode Code Point Data Type
1397
- ================================
1398
-
1399
- The punycode function uses a special type to denote Unicode code points.
1400
- It is guaranteed to always be a 32 bit unsigned integer.
1401
-
1402
- -- Punycode Unicode code point: uint32_t punycode_uint
1403
- A unsigned integer that hold Unicode code points.
1404
-
1405
- 5.3 Core Functions
1406
- ==================
1407
-
1408
- Note that the current implementation will fail if the ‘input_length’
1409
- exceed 4294967295 (the size of ‘punycode_uint’). This restriction may
1410
- be removed in the future. Meanwhile applications are encouraged to not
1411
- depend on this problem, and use ‘sizeof’ to initialize ‘input_length’
1412
- and ‘output_length’.
1413
-
1414
- The functions provided are the following two entry points:
1415
-
1416
- punycode_encode
1417
- ---------------
1418
-
1419
- -- Function: int punycode_encode (size_t INPUT_LENGTH, const
1420
- punycode_uint [] INPUT, const unsigned char [] CASE_FLAGS,
1421
- size_t * OUTPUT_LENGTH, char [] OUTPUT)
1422
- INPUT_LENGTH: The number of code points in the ‘input’ array and
1423
- the number of flags in the ‘case_flags’ array.
1424
-
1425
- INPUT: An array of code points. They are presumed to be Unicode
1426
- code points, but that is not strictly REQUIRED. The array contains
1427
- code points, not code units. UTF-16 uses code units D800 through
1428
- DFFF to refer to code points 10000..10FFFF. The code points
1429
- D800..DFFF do not occur in any valid Unicode string. The code
1430
- points that can occur in Unicode strings (0..D7FF and E000..10FFFF)
1431
- are also called Unicode scalar values.
1432
-
1433
- CASE_FLAGS: A ‘NULL’ pointer or an array of boolean values parallel
1434
- to the ‘input’ array. Nonzero (true, flagged) suggests that the
1435
- corresponding Unicode character be forced to uppercase after being
1436
- decoded (if possible), and zero (false, unflagged) suggests that it
1437
- be forced to lowercase (if possible). ASCII code points (0..7F)
1438
- are encoded literally, except that ASCII letters are forced to
1439
- uppercase or lowercase according to the corresponding case flags.
1440
- If ‘case_flags’ is a ‘NULL’ pointer then ASCII letters are left as
1441
- they are, and other code points are treated as unflagged.
1442
-
1443
- OUTPUT_LENGTH: The caller passes in the maximum number of ASCII
1444
- code points that it can receive. On successful return it will
1445
- contain the number of ASCII code points actually output.
1446
-
1447
- OUTPUT: An array of ASCII code points. It is *not*
1448
- null-terminated; it will contain zeros if and only if the ‘input’
1449
- contains zeros. (Of course the caller can leave room for a
1450
- terminator and add one if needed.)
1451
-
1452
- Converts a sequence of code points (presumed to be Unicode code
1453
- points) to Punycode.
1454
-
1455
- Return value: The return value can be any of the ‘Punycode_status’
1456
- values defined above except ‘PUNYCODE_BAD_INPUT’ . If not
1457
- ‘PUNYCODE_SUCCESS’ , then ‘output_size’ and ‘output’ might contain
1458
- garbage.
1459
-
1460
- punycode_decode
1461
- ---------------
1462
-
1463
- -- Function: int punycode_decode (size_t INPUT_LENGTH, const char []
1464
- INPUT, size_t * OUTPUT_LENGTH, punycode_uint [] OUTPUT,
1465
- unsigned char [] CASE_FLAGS)
1466
- INPUT_LENGTH: The number of ASCII code points in the ‘input’ array.
1467
-
1468
- INPUT: An array of ASCII code points (0..7F).
1469
-
1470
- OUTPUT_LENGTH: The caller passes in the maximum number of code
1471
- points that it can receive into the ‘output’ array (which is also
1472
- the maximum number of flags that it can receive into the
1473
- ‘case_flags’ array, if ‘case_flags’ is not a ‘NULL’ pointer). On
1474
- successful return it will contain the number of code points
1475
- actually output (which is also the number of flags actually output,
1476
- if case_flags is not a null pointer). The decoder will never need
1477
- to output more code points than the number of ASCII code points in
1478
- the input, because of the way the encoding is defined. The number
1479
- of code points output cannot exceed the maximum possible value of a
1480
- punycode_uint, even if the supplied ‘output_length’ is greater than
1481
- that.
1482
-
1483
- OUTPUT: An array of code points like the input argument of
1484
- ‘punycode_encode()’ (see above).
1485
-
1486
- CASE_FLAGS: A ‘NULL’ pointer (if the flags are not needed by the
1487
- caller) or an array of boolean values parallel to the ‘output’
1488
- array. Nonzero (true, flagged) suggests that the corresponding
1489
- Unicode character be forced to uppercase by the caller (if
1490
- possible), and zero (false, unflagged) suggests that it be forced
1491
- to lowercase (if possible). ASCII code points (0..7F) are output
1492
- already in the proper case, but their flags will be set
1493
- appropriately so that applying the flags would be harmless.
1494
-
1495
- Converts Punycode to a sequence of code points (presumed to be
1496
- Unicode code points).
1497
-
1498
- Return value: The return value can be any of the ‘Punycode_status’
1499
- values defined above. If not ‘PUNYCODE_SUCCESS’ , then
1500
- ‘output_length’ , ‘output’ , and ‘case_flags’ might contain
1501
- garbage.
1502
-
1503
- 5.4 Error Handling
1504
- ==================
1505
-
1506
- punycode_strerror
1507
- -----------------
1508
-
1509
- -- Function: const char * punycode_strerror (Punycode_status RC)
1510
- RC: an ‘Punycode_status’ return code.
1511
-
1512
- Convert a return code integer to a text string. This string can be
1513
- used to output a diagnostic message to the user.
1514
-
1515
- *PUNYCODE_SUCCESS:* Successful operation. This value is guaranteed
1516
- to always be zero, the remaining ones are only guaranteed to hold
1517
- non-zero values, for logical comparison purposes.
1518
-
1519
- *PUNYCODE_BAD_INPUT:* Input is invalid.
1520
-
1521
- *PUNYCODE_BIG_OUTPUT:* Output would exceed the space provided.
1522
-
1523
- *PUNYCODE_OVERFLOW:* Input needs wider integers to process.
1524
-
1525
- Return value: Returns a pointer to a statically allocated string
1526
- containing a description of the error with the return code ‘rc’ .
1527
-
1528
- 
1529
- File: libidn.info, Node: IDNA Functions, Next: TLD Functions, Prev: Punycode Functions, Up: Top
1530
-
1531
- 6 IDNA Functions
1532
- ****************
1533
-
1534
- Until now, there has been no standard method for domain names to use
1535
- characters outside the ASCII repertoire. The IDNA document defines
1536
- internationalized domain names (IDNs) and a mechanism called IDNA for
1537
- handling them in a standard fashion. IDNs use characters drawn from a
1538
- large repertoire (Unicode), but IDNA allows the non-ASCII characters to
1539
- be represented using only the ASCII characters already allowed in
1540
- so-called host names today. This backward-compatible representation is
1541
- required in existing protocols like DNS, so that IDNs can be introduced
1542
- with no changes to the existing infrastructure. IDNA is only meant for
1543
- processing domain names, not free text.
1544
-
1545
- 6.1 Header file ‘idna.h’
1546
- ========================
1547
-
1548
- To use the functions explained in this chapter, you need to include the
1549
- file ‘idna.h’ using:
1550
-
1551
- #include <idna.h>
1552
-
1553
- 6.2 Control Flags
1554
- =================
1555
-
1556
- The IDNA ‘flags’ parameter can take on the following values, or a
1557
- bit-wise inclusive or of any subset of the parameters:
1558
-
1559
- -- Return code: Idna_flags IDNA_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED
1560
- Allow unassigned Unicode code points.
1561
-
1562
- -- Return code: Idna_flags IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES
1563
- Check output to make sure it is a STD3 conforming host name.
1564
-
1565
- 6.3 Prefix String
1566
- =================
1567
-
1568
- -- Macro: #define IDNA_ACE_PREFIX
1569
- String with the official IDNA prefix, ‘xn--’.
1570
-
1571
- 6.4 Core Functions
1572
- ==================
1573
-
1574
- The idea behind the IDNA function names are as follows: the
1575
- ‘idna_to_ascii_4i’ and ‘idna_to_unicode_44i’ functions are the core IDNA
1576
- primitives. The ‘4’ indicate that the function takes UCS-4 strings
1577
- (i.e., Unicode code points encoded in a 32-bit unsigned integer type) of
1578
- the specified length. The ‘i’ indicate that the data is written
1579
- “inline” into the buffer. This means the caller is responsible for
1580
- allocating (and de-allocating) the string, and providing the library
1581
- with the allocated length of the string. The output length is written
1582
- in the output length variable. The remaining functions all contain the
1583
- ‘z’ indicator, which means the strings are zero terminated. All output
1584
- strings are allocated by the library, and must be de-allocated by the
1585
- caller. The ‘4’ indicator again means that the string is UCS-4, the ‘8’
1586
- means the strings are UTF-8 and the ‘l’ indicator means the strings are
1587
- encoded in the encoding used by the current locale.
1588
-
1589
- The functions provided are the following entry points:
1590
-
1591
- idna_to_ascii_4i
1592
- ----------------
1593
-
1594
- -- Function: int idna_to_ascii_4i (const uint32_t * IN, size_t INLEN,
1595
- char * OUT, int FLAGS)
1596
- IN: input array with unicode code points.
1597
-
1598
- INLEN: length of input array with unicode code points.
1599
-
1600
- OUT: output zero terminated string that must have room for at least
1601
- 63 characters plus the terminating zero.
1602
-
1603
- FLAGS: an ‘Idna_flags’ value, e.g., ‘IDNA_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED’ or
1604
- ‘IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES’ .
1605
-
1606
- The ToASCII operation takes a sequence of Unicode code points that
1607
- make up one domain label and transforms it into a sequence of code
1608
- points in the ASCII range (0..7F). If ToASCII succeeds, the
1609
- original sequence and the resulting sequence are equivalent labels.
1610
-
1611
- It is important to note that the ToASCII operation can fail.
1612
- ToASCII fails if any step of it fails. If any step of the ToASCII
1613
- operation fails on any label in a domain name, that domain name
1614
- MUST NOT be used as an internationalized domain name. The method
1615
- for deadling with this failure is application-specific.
1616
-
1617
- The inputs to ToASCII are a sequence of code points, the
1618
- AllowUnassigned flag, and the UseSTD3ASCIIRules flag. The output
1619
- of ToASCII is either a sequence of ASCII code points or a failure
1620
- condition.
1621
-
1622
- ToASCII never alters a sequence of code points that are all in the
1623
- ASCII range to begin with (although it could fail). Applying the
1624
- ToASCII operation multiple times has exactly the same effect as
1625
- applying it just once.
1626
-
1627
- Return value: Returns 0 on success, or an ‘Idna_rc’ error code.
1628
-
1629
- idna_to_unicode_44i
1630
- -------------------
1631
-
1632
- -- Function: int idna_to_unicode_44i (const uint32_t * IN, size_t
1633
- INLEN, uint32_t * OUT, size_t * OUTLEN, int FLAGS)
1634
- IN: input array with unicode code points.
1635
-
1636
- INLEN: length of input array with unicode code points.
1637
-
1638
- OUT: output array with unicode code points.
1639
-
1640
- OUTLEN: on input, maximum size of output array with unicode code
1641
- points, on exit, actual size of output array with unicode code
1642
- points.
1643
-
1644
- FLAGS: an ‘Idna_flags’ value, e.g., ‘IDNA_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED’ or
1645
- ‘IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES’ .
1646
-
1647
- The ToUnicode operation takes a sequence of Unicode code points
1648
- that make up one domain label and returns a sequence of Unicode
1649
- code points. If the input sequence is a label in ACE form, then
1650
- the result is an equivalent internationalized label that is not in
1651
- ACE form, otherwise the original sequence is returned unaltered.
1652
-
1653
- ToUnicode never fails. If any step fails, then the original input
1654
- sequence is returned immediately in that step.
1655
-
1656
- The Punycode decoder can never output more code points than it
1657
- inputs, but Nameprep can, and therefore ToUnicode can. Note that
1658
- the number of octets needed to represent a sequence of code points
1659
- depends on the particular character encoding used.
1660
-
1661
- The inputs to ToUnicode are a sequence of code points, the
1662
- AllowUnassigned flag, and the UseSTD3ASCIIRules flag. The output
1663
- of ToUnicode is always a sequence of Unicode code points.
1664
-
1665
- Return value: Returns ‘Idna_rc’ error condition, but it must only
1666
- be used for debugging purposes. The output buffer is always
1667
- guaranteed to contain the correct data according to the
1668
- specification (sans malloc induced errors). NB! This means that
1669
- you normally ignore the return code from this function, as checking
1670
- it means breaking the standard.
1671
-
1672
- 6.5 Simplified ToASCII Interface
1673
- ================================
1674
-
1675
- idna_to_ascii_4z
1676
- ----------------
1677
-
1678
- -- Function: int idna_to_ascii_4z (const uint32_t * INPUT, char **
1679
- OUTPUT, int FLAGS)
1680
- INPUT: zero terminated input Unicode string.
1681
-
1682
- OUTPUT: pointer to newly allocated output string.
1683
-
1684
- FLAGS: an ‘Idna_flags’ value, e.g., ‘IDNA_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED’ or
1685
- ‘IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES’ .
1686
-
1687
- Convert UCS-4 domain name to ASCII string. The domain name may
1688
- contain several labels, separated by dots. The output buffer must
1689
- be deallocated by the caller.
1690
-
1691
- Return value: Returns ‘IDNA_SUCCESS’ on success, or error code.
1692
-
1693
- idna_to_ascii_8z
1694
- ----------------
1695
-
1696
- -- Function: int idna_to_ascii_8z (const char * INPUT, char ** OUTPUT,
1697
- int FLAGS)
1698
- INPUT: zero terminated input UTF-8 string.
1699
-
1700
- OUTPUT: pointer to newly allocated output string.
1701
-
1702
- FLAGS: an ‘Idna_flags’ value, e.g., ‘IDNA_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED’ or
1703
- ‘IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES’ .
1704
-
1705
- Convert UTF-8 domain name to ASCII string. The domain name may
1706
- contain several labels, separated by dots. The output buffer must
1707
- be deallocated by the caller.
1708
-
1709
- Return value: Returns ‘IDNA_SUCCESS’ on success, or error code.
1710
-
1711
- idna_to_ascii_lz
1712
- ----------------
1713
-
1714
- -- Function: int idna_to_ascii_lz (const char * INPUT, char ** OUTPUT,
1715
- int FLAGS)
1716
- INPUT: zero terminated input string encoded in the current locale’s
1717
- character set.
1718
-
1719
- OUTPUT: pointer to newly allocated output string.
1720
-
1721
- FLAGS: an ‘Idna_flags’ value, e.g., ‘IDNA_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED’ or
1722
- ‘IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES’ .
1723
-
1724
- Convert domain name in the locale’s encoding to ASCII string. The
1725
- domain name may contain several labels, separated by dots. The
1726
- output buffer must be deallocated by the caller.
1727
-
1728
- Return value: Returns ‘IDNA_SUCCESS’ on success, or error code.
1729
-
1730
- 6.6 Simplified ToUnicode Interface
1731
- ==================================
1732
-
1733
- idna_to_unicode_4z4z
1734
- --------------------
1735
-
1736
- -- Function: int idna_to_unicode_4z4z (const uint32_t * INPUT, uint32_t
1737
- ** OUTPUT, int FLAGS)
1738
- INPUT: zero-terminated Unicode string.
1739
-
1740
- OUTPUT: pointer to newly allocated output Unicode string.
1741
-
1742
- FLAGS: an ‘Idna_flags’ value, e.g., ‘IDNA_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED’ or
1743
- ‘IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES’ .
1744
-
1745
- Convert possibly ACE encoded domain name in UCS-4 format into a
1746
- UCS-4 string. The domain name may contain several labels,
1747
- separated by dots. The output buffer must be deallocated by the
1748
- caller.
1749
-
1750
- Return value: Returns ‘IDNA_SUCCESS’ on success, or error code.
1751
-
1752
- idna_to_unicode_8z4z
1753
- --------------------
1754
-
1755
- -- Function: int idna_to_unicode_8z4z (const char * INPUT, uint32_t **
1756
- OUTPUT, int FLAGS)
1757
- INPUT: zero-terminated UTF-8 string.
1758
-
1759
- OUTPUT: pointer to newly allocated output Unicode string.
1760
-
1761
- FLAGS: an ‘Idna_flags’ value, e.g., ‘IDNA_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED’ or
1762
- ‘IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES’ .
1763
-
1764
- Convert possibly ACE encoded domain name in UTF-8 format into a
1765
- UCS-4 string. The domain name may contain several labels,
1766
- separated by dots. The output buffer must be deallocated by the
1767
- caller.
1768
-
1769
- Return value: Returns ‘IDNA_SUCCESS’ on success, or error code.
1770
-
1771
- idna_to_unicode_8z8z
1772
- --------------------
1773
-
1774
- -- Function: int idna_to_unicode_8z8z (const char * INPUT, char **
1775
- OUTPUT, int FLAGS)
1776
- INPUT: zero-terminated UTF-8 string.
1777
-
1778
- OUTPUT: pointer to newly allocated output UTF-8 string.
1779
-
1780
- FLAGS: an ‘Idna_flags’ value, e.g., ‘IDNA_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED’ or
1781
- ‘IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES’ .
1782
-
1783
- Convert possibly ACE encoded domain name in UTF-8 format into a
1784
- UTF-8 string. The domain name may contain several labels,
1785
- separated by dots. The output buffer must be deallocated by the
1786
- caller.
1787
-
1788
- Return value: Returns ‘IDNA_SUCCESS’ on success, or error code.
1789
-
1790
- idna_to_unicode_8zlz
1791
- --------------------
1792
-
1793
- -- Function: int idna_to_unicode_8zlz (const char * INPUT, char **
1794
- OUTPUT, int FLAGS)
1795
- INPUT: zero-terminated UTF-8 string.
1796
-
1797
- OUTPUT: pointer to newly allocated output string encoded in the
1798
- current locale’s character set.
1799
-
1800
- FLAGS: an ‘Idna_flags’ value, e.g., ‘IDNA_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED’ or
1801
- ‘IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES’ .
1802
-
1803
- Convert possibly ACE encoded domain name in UTF-8 format into a
1804
- string encoded in the current locale’s character set. The domain
1805
- name may contain several labels, separated by dots. The output
1806
- buffer must be deallocated by the caller.
1807
-
1808
- Return value: Returns ‘IDNA_SUCCESS’ on success, or error code.
1809
-
1810
- idna_to_unicode_lzlz
1811
- --------------------
1812
-
1813
- -- Function: int idna_to_unicode_lzlz (const char * INPUT, char **
1814
- OUTPUT, int FLAGS)
1815
- INPUT: zero-terminated string encoded in the current locale’s
1816
- character set.
1817
-
1818
- OUTPUT: pointer to newly allocated output string encoded in the
1819
- current locale’s character set.
1820
-
1821
- FLAGS: an ‘Idna_flags’ value, e.g., ‘IDNA_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED’ or
1822
- ‘IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES’ .
1823
-
1824
- Convert possibly ACE encoded domain name in the locale’s character
1825
- set into a string encoded in the current locale’s character set.
1826
- The domain name may contain several labels, separated by dots. The
1827
- output buffer must be deallocated by the caller.
1828
-
1829
- Return value: Returns ‘IDNA_SUCCESS’ on success, or error code.
1830
-
1831
- 6.7 Error Handling
1832
- ==================
1833
-
1834
- idna_strerror
1835
- -------------
1836
-
1837
- -- Function: const char * idna_strerror (Idna_rc RC)
1838
- RC: an ‘Idna_rc’ return code.
1839
-
1840
- Convert a return code integer to a text string. This string can be
1841
- used to output a diagnostic message to the user.
1842
-
1843
- *IDNA_SUCCESS:* Successful operation. This value is guaranteed to
1844
- always be zero, the remaining ones are only guaranteed to hold
1845
- non-zero values, for logical comparison purposes.
1846
-
1847
- *IDNA_STRINGPREP_ERROR:* Error during string preparation.
1848
-
1849
- *IDNA_PUNYCODE_ERROR:* Error during punycode operation.
1850
-
1851
- *IDNA_CONTAINS_NON_LDH:* For IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES, indicate
1852
- that the string contains non-LDH ASCII characters.
1853
-
1854
- *IDNA_CONTAINS_MINUS:* For IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES, indicate that
1855
- the string contains a leading or trailing hyphen-minus (U+002D).
1856
-
1857
- *IDNA_INVALID_LENGTH:* The final output string is not within the
1858
- (inclusive) range 1 to 63 characters.
1859
-
1860
- *IDNA_NO_ACE_PREFIX:* The string does not contain the ACE prefix
1861
- (for ToUnicode).
1862
-
1863
- *IDNA_ROUNDTRIP_VERIFY_ERROR:* The ToASCII operation on output
1864
- string does not equal the input.
1865
-
1866
- *IDNA_CONTAINS_ACE_PREFIX:* The input contains the ACE prefix (for
1867
- ToASCII).
1868
-
1869
- *IDNA_ICONV_ERROR:* Could not convert string in locale encoding.
1870
-
1871
- *IDNA_MALLOC_ERROR:* Could not allocate buffer (this is typically a
1872
- fatal error).
1873
-
1874
- *IDNA_DLOPEN_ERROR:* Could not dlopen the libcidn DSO (only used
1875
- internally in libc).
1876
-
1877
- Return value: Returns a pointer to a statically allocated string
1878
- containing a description of the error with the return code ‘rc’ .
1879
-
1880
- 
1881
- File: libidn.info, Node: TLD Functions, Next: PR29 Functions, Prev: IDNA Functions, Up: Top
1882
-
1883
- 7 TLD Functions
1884
- ***************
1885
-
1886
- Organizations that manage some Top Level Domains (TLDs) have published
1887
- tables with characters they accept within the domain. The reason may be
1888
- to reduce complexity that come from using the full Unicode range, and to
1889
- protect themselves from future (backwards incompatible) changes in the
1890
- IDN or Unicode specifications. Libidn implement an infrastructure for
1891
- defining and checking strings against such tables. Libidn also ship
1892
- some tables from TLDs that we have managed to get permission to use them
1893
- from. Because these tables are even less static than Unicode or
1894
- StringPrep tables, it is likely that they will be updated from time to
1895
- time (even in backwards incompatible ways). The Libidn interface
1896
- provide a “version” field for each TLD table, which can be compared for
1897
- equality to guarantee the same operation over time.
1898
-
1899
- From a design point of view, you can regard the TLD tables for IDN as
1900
- the “localization” step that come after the “internationalization” step
1901
- provided by the IETF standards.
1902
-
1903
- The TLD functionality rely on up-to-date tables. The latest version
1904
- of Libidn aim to provide these, but tables with unclear copying
1905
- conditions, or generally experimental tables, are not included. Some
1906
- such tables can be found at <https://github.com/gnuthor/tldchk>.
1907
-
1908
- 7.1 Header file ‘tld.h’
1909
- =======================
1910
-
1911
- To use the functions explained in this chapter, you need to include the
1912
- file ‘tld.h’ using:
1913
-
1914
- #include <tld.h>
1915
-
1916
- 7.2 Core Functions
1917
- ==================
1918
-
1919
- tld_check_4t
1920
- ------------
1921
-
1922
- -- Function: int tld_check_4t (const uint32_t * IN, size_t INLEN,
1923
- size_t * ERRPOS, const Tld_table * TLD)
1924
- IN: Array of unicode code points to process. Does not need to be
1925
- zero terminated.
1926
-
1927
- INLEN: Number of unicode code points.
1928
-
1929
- ERRPOS: Position of offending character is returned here.
1930
-
1931
- TLD: A ‘Tld_table’ data structure representing the restrictions for
1932
- which the input should be tested.
1933
-
1934
- Test each of the code points in ‘in’ for whether or not they are
1935
- allowed by the data structure in ‘tld’ , return the position of the
1936
- first character for which this is not the case in ‘errpos’ .
1937
-
1938
- Return value: Returns the ‘Tld_rc’ value ‘TLD_SUCCESS’ if all code
1939
- points are valid or when ‘tld’ is null, ‘TLD_INVALID’ if a
1940
- character is not allowed, or additional error codes on general
1941
- failure conditions.
1942
-
1943
- tld_check_4tz
1944
- -------------
1945
-
1946
- -- Function: int tld_check_4tz (const uint32_t * IN, size_t * ERRPOS,
1947
- const Tld_table * TLD)
1948
- IN: Zero terminated array of unicode code points to process.
1949
-
1950
- ERRPOS: Position of offending character is returned here.
1951
-
1952
- TLD: A ‘Tld_table’ data structure representing the restrictions for
1953
- which the input should be tested.
1954
-
1955
- Test each of the code points in ‘in’ for whether or not they are
1956
- allowed by the data structure in ‘tld’ , return the position of the
1957
- first character for which this is not the case in ‘errpos’ .
1958
-
1959
- Return value: Returns the ‘Tld_rc’ value ‘TLD_SUCCESS’ if all code
1960
- points are valid or when ‘tld’ is null, ‘TLD_INVALID’ if a
1961
- character is not allowed, or additional error codes on general
1962
- failure conditions.
1963
-
1964
- 7.3 Utility Functions
1965
- =====================
1966
-
1967
- tld_get_4
1968
- ---------
1969
-
1970
- -- Function: int tld_get_4 (const uint32_t * IN, size_t INLEN, char **
1971
- OUT)
1972
- IN: Array of unicode code points to process. Does not need to be
1973
- zero terminated.
1974
-
1975
- INLEN: Number of unicode code points.
1976
-
1977
- OUT: Zero terminated ascii result string pointer.
1978
-
1979
- Isolate the top-level domain of ‘in’ and return it as an ASCII
1980
- string in ‘out’ .
1981
-
1982
- Return value: Return ‘TLD_SUCCESS’ on success, or the corresponding
1983
- ‘Tld_rc’ error code otherwise.
1984
-
1985
- tld_get_4z
1986
- ----------
1987
-
1988
- -- Function: int tld_get_4z (const uint32_t * IN, char ** OUT)
1989
- IN: Zero terminated array of unicode code points to process.
1990
-
1991
- OUT: Zero terminated ascii result string pointer.
1992
-
1993
- Isolate the top-level domain of ‘in’ and return it as an ASCII
1994
- string in ‘out’ .
1995
-
1996
- Return value: Return ‘TLD_SUCCESS’ on success, or the corresponding
1997
- ‘Tld_rc’ error code otherwise.
1998
-
1999
- tld_get_z
2000
- ---------
2001
-
2002
- -- Function: int tld_get_z (const char * IN, char ** OUT)
2003
- IN: Zero terminated character array to process.
2004
-
2005
- OUT: Zero terminated ascii result string pointer.
2006
-
2007
- Isolate the top-level domain of ‘in’ and return it as an ASCII
2008
- string in ‘out’ . The input string ‘in’ may be UTF-8, ISO-8859-1
2009
- or any ASCII compatible character encoding.
2010
-
2011
- Return value: Return ‘TLD_SUCCESS’ on success, or the corresponding
2012
- ‘Tld_rc’ error code otherwise.
2013
-
2014
- tld_get_table
2015
- -------------
2016
-
2017
- -- Function: const Tld_table * tld_get_table (const char * TLD, const
2018
- Tld_table ** TABLES)
2019
- TLD: TLD name (e.g. "com") as zero terminated ASCII byte string.
2020
-
2021
- TABLES: Zero terminated array of ‘Tld_table’ info-structures for
2022
- TLDs.
2023
-
2024
- Get the TLD table for a named TLD by searching through the given
2025
- TLD table array.
2026
-
2027
- Return value: Return structure corresponding to TLD ‘tld’ by going
2028
- thru ‘tables’ , or return ‘NULL’ if no such structure is found.
2029
-
2030
- tld_default_table
2031
- -----------------
2032
-
2033
- -- Function: const Tld_table * tld_default_table (const char * TLD,
2034
- const Tld_table ** OVERRIDES)
2035
- TLD: TLD name (e.g. "com") as zero terminated ASCII byte string.
2036
-
2037
- OVERRIDES: Additional zero terminated array of ‘Tld_table’
2038
- info-structures for TLDs, or ‘NULL’ to only use library deault
2039
- tables.
2040
-
2041
- Get the TLD table for a named TLD, using the internal defaults,
2042
- possibly overrided by the (optional) supplied tables.
2043
-
2044
- Return value: Return structure corresponding to TLD ‘tld_str’ ,
2045
- first looking through ‘overrides’ then thru built-in list, or
2046
- ‘NULL’ if no such structure found.
2047
-
2048
- 7.4 High-Level Wrapper Functions
2049
- ================================
2050
-
2051
- tld_check_4
2052
- -----------
2053
-
2054
- -- Function: int tld_check_4 (const uint32_t * IN, size_t INLEN, size_t
2055
- * ERRPOS, const Tld_table ** OVERRIDES)
2056
- IN: Array of unicode code points to process. Does not need to be
2057
- zero terminated.
2058
-
2059
- INLEN: Number of unicode code points.
2060
-
2061
- ERRPOS: Position of offending character is returned here.
2062
-
2063
- OVERRIDES: A ‘Tld_table’ array of additional domain restriction
2064
- structures that complement and supersede the built-in information.
2065
-
2066
- Test each of the code points in ‘in’ for whether or not they are
2067
- allowed by the information in ‘overrides’ or by the built-in TLD
2068
- restriction data. When data for the same TLD is available both
2069
- internally and in ‘overrides’ , the information in ‘overrides’
2070
- takes precedence. If several entries for a specific TLD are found,
2071
- the first one is used. If ‘overrides’ is ‘NULL’ , only the
2072
- built-in information is used. The position of the first offending
2073
- character is returned in ‘errpos’ .
2074
-
2075
- Return value: Returns the ‘Tld_rc’ value ‘TLD_SUCCESS’ if all code
2076
- points are valid or when ‘tld’ is null, ‘TLD_INVALID’ if a
2077
- character is not allowed, or additional error codes on general
2078
- failure conditions.
2079
-
2080
- tld_check_4z
2081
- ------------
2082
-
2083
- -- Function: int tld_check_4z (const uint32_t * IN, size_t * ERRPOS,
2084
- const Tld_table ** OVERRIDES)
2085
- IN: Zero-terminated array of unicode code points to process.
2086
-
2087
- ERRPOS: Position of offending character is returned here.
2088
-
2089
- OVERRIDES: A ‘Tld_table’ array of additional domain restriction
2090
- structures that complement and supersede the built-in information.
2091
-
2092
- Test each of the code points in ‘in’ for whether or not they are
2093
- allowed by the information in ‘overrides’ or by the built-in TLD
2094
- restriction data. When data for the same TLD is available both
2095
- internally and in ‘overrides’ , the information in ‘overrides’
2096
- takes precedence. If several entries for a specific TLD are found,
2097
- the first one is used. If ‘overrides’ is ‘NULL’ , only the
2098
- built-in information is used. The position of the first offending
2099
- character is returned in ‘errpos’ .
2100
-
2101
- Return value: Returns the ‘Tld_rc’ value ‘TLD_SUCCESS’ if all code
2102
- points are valid or when ‘tld’ is null, ‘TLD_INVALID’ if a
2103
- character is not allowed, or additional error codes on general
2104
- failure conditions.
2105
-
2106
- tld_check_8z
2107
- ------------
2108
-
2109
- -- Function: int tld_check_8z (const char * IN, size_t * ERRPOS, const
2110
- Tld_table ** OVERRIDES)
2111
- IN: Zero-terminated UTF8 string to process.
2112
-
2113
- ERRPOS: Position of offending character is returned here.
2114
-
2115
- OVERRIDES: A ‘Tld_table’ array of additional domain restriction
2116
- structures that complement and supersede the built-in information.
2117
-
2118
- Test each of the characters in ‘in’ for whether or not they are
2119
- allowed by the information in ‘overrides’ or by the built-in TLD
2120
- restriction data. When data for the same TLD is available both
2121
- internally and in ‘overrides’ , the information in ‘overrides’
2122
- takes precedence. If several entries for a specific TLD are found,
2123
- the first one is used. If ‘overrides’ is ‘NULL’ , only the
2124
- built-in information is used. The position of the first offending
2125
- character is returned in ‘errpos’ . Note that the error position
2126
- refers to the decoded character offset rather than the byte
2127
- position in the string.
2128
-
2129
- Return value: Returns the ‘Tld_rc’ value ‘TLD_SUCCESS’ if all
2130
- characters are valid or when ‘tld’ is null, ‘TLD_INVALID’ if a
2131
- character is not allowed, or additional error codes on general
2132
- failure conditions.
2133
-
2134
- tld_check_lz
2135
- ------------
2136
-
2137
- -- Function: int tld_check_lz (const char * IN, size_t * ERRPOS, const
2138
- Tld_table ** OVERRIDES)
2139
- IN: Zero-terminated string in the current locales encoding to
2140
- process.
2141
-
2142
- ERRPOS: Position of offending character is returned here.
2143
-
2144
- OVERRIDES: A ‘Tld_table’ array of additional domain restriction
2145
- structures that complement and supersede the built-in information.
2146
-
2147
- Test each of the characters in ‘in’ for whether or not they are
2148
- allowed by the information in ‘overrides’ or by the built-in TLD
2149
- restriction data. When data for the same TLD is available both
2150
- internally and in ‘overrides’ , the information in ‘overrides’
2151
- takes precedence. If several entries for a specific TLD are found,
2152
- the first one is used. If ‘overrides’ is ‘NULL’ , only the
2153
- built-in information is used. The position of the first offending
2154
- character is returned in ‘errpos’ . Note that the error position
2155
- refers to the decoded character offset rather than the byte
2156
- position in the string.
2157
-
2158
- Return value: Returns the ‘Tld_rc’ value ‘TLD_SUCCESS’ if all
2159
- characters are valid or when ‘tld’ is null, ‘TLD_INVALID’ if a
2160
- character is not allowed, or additional error codes on general
2161
- failure conditions.
2162
-
2163
- 7.5 Error Handling
2164
- ==================
2165
-
2166
- tld_strerror
2167
- ------------
2168
-
2169
- -- Function: const char * tld_strerror (Tld_rc RC)
2170
- RC: tld return code
2171
-
2172
- Convert a return code integer to a text string. This string can be
2173
- used to output a diagnostic message to the user.
2174
-
2175
- *TLD_SUCCESS:* Successful operation. This value is guaranteed to
2176
- always be zero, the remaining ones are only guaranteed to hold
2177
- non-zero values, for logical comparison purposes.
2178
-
2179
- *TLD_INVALID:* Invalid character found.
2180
-
2181
- *TLD_NODATA:* No input data was provided.
2182
-
2183
- *TLD_MALLOC_ERROR:* Error during memory allocation.
2184
-
2185
- *TLD_ICONV_ERROR:* Error during iconv string conversion.
2186
-
2187
- *TLD_NO_TLD:* No top-level domain found in domain string.
2188
-
2189
- Return value: Returns a pointer to a statically allocated string
2190
- containing a description of the error with the return code ‘rc’ .
2191
-
2192
- 
2193
- File: libidn.info, Node: PR29 Functions, Next: Examples, Prev: TLD Functions, Up: Top
2194
-
2195
- 8 PR29 Functions
2196
- ****************
2197
-
2198
- A deficiency in the specification of Unicode Normalization Forms has
2199
- been found. The consequence is that some strings can be normalized into
2200
- different strings by different implementations. In other words, two
2201
- different implementations may return different output for the same input
2202
- (because the interpretation of the specification is ambiguous).
2203
- Further, an implementation invoked again on the one of the output
2204
- strings may return a different string (because one of the interpretation
2205
- of the ambiguous specification make normalization non-idempotent).
2206
- Fortunately, only a select few character sequence exhibit this problem,
2207
- and none of them are expected to occur in natural languages (due to
2208
- different linguistic uses of the involved characters).
2209
-
2210
- A full discussion of the problem may be found at:
2211
-
2212
- <http://www.unicode.org/review/pr-29.html>
2213
-
2214
- The PR29 functions below allow you to detect the problem sequence.
2215
- So when would you want to use these functions? For most applications,
2216
- such as those using Nameprep for IDN, this is likely only to be an
2217
- interoperability problem. Thus, you may not want to care about it, as
2218
- the character sequences will rarely occur naturally. However, if you
2219
- are using a profile, such as SASLPrep, to process authentication tokens;
2220
- authorization tokens; or passwords, there is a real danger that
2221
- attackers may try to use the peculiarities in these strings to attack
2222
- parts of your system. As only a small number of strings, and no
2223
- naturally occurring strings, exhibit this problem, the conservative
2224
- approach of rejecting the strings is recommended. If this approach is
2225
- not used, you should instead verify that all parts of your system, that
2226
- process the tokens and passwords, use a NFKC implementation that produce
2227
- the same output for the same input.
2228
-
2229
- Technically inclined readers may be interested in knowing more about
2230
- the implementation aspects of the PR29 flaw. *Note PR29 discussion::.
2231
-
2232
- 8.1 Header file ‘pr29.h’
2233
- ========================
2234
-
2235
- To use the functions explained in this chapter, you need to include the
2236
- file ‘pr29.h’ using:
2237
-
2238
- #include <pr29.h>
2239
-
2240
- 8.2 Core Functions
2241
- ==================
2242
-
2243
- pr29_4
2244
- ------
2245
-
2246
- -- Function: int pr29_4 (const uint32_t * IN, size_t LEN)
2247
- IN: input array with unicode code points.
2248
-
2249
- LEN: length of input array with unicode code points.
2250
-
2251
- Check the input to see if it may be normalized into different
2252
- strings by different NFKC implementations, due to an anomaly in the
2253
- NFKC specifications.
2254
-
2255
- Return value: Returns the ‘Pr29_rc’ value ‘PR29_SUCCESS’ on
2256
- success, and ‘PR29_PROBLEM’ if the input sequence is a "problem
2257
- sequence" (i.e., may be normalized into different strings by
2258
- different implementations).
2259
-
2260
- 8.3 Utility Functions
2261
- =====================
2262
-
2263
- pr29_4z
2264
- -------
2265
-
2266
- -- Function: int pr29_4z (const uint32_t * IN)
2267
- IN: zero terminated array of Unicode code points.
2268
-
2269
- Check the input to see if it may be normalized into different
2270
- strings by different NFKC implementations, due to an anomaly in the
2271
- NFKC specifications.
2272
-
2273
- Return value: Returns the ‘Pr29_rc’ value ‘PR29_SUCCESS’ on
2274
- success, and ‘PR29_PROBLEM’ if the input sequence is a "problem
2275
- sequence" (i.e., may be normalized into different strings by
2276
- different implementations).
2277
-
2278
- pr29_8z
2279
- -------
2280
-
2281
- -- Function: int pr29_8z (const char * IN)
2282
- IN: zero terminated input UTF-8 string.
2283
-
2284
- Check the input to see if it may be normalized into different
2285
- strings by different NFKC implementations, due to an anomaly in the
2286
- NFKC specifications.
2287
-
2288
- Return value: Returns the ‘Pr29_rc’ value ‘PR29_SUCCESS’ on
2289
- success, and ‘PR29_PROBLEM’ if the input sequence is a "problem
2290
- sequence" (i.e., may be normalized into different strings by
2291
- different implementations), or ‘PR29_STRINGPREP_ERROR’ if there was
2292
- a problem converting the string from UTF-8 to UCS-4.
2293
-
2294
- 8.4 Error Handling
2295
- ==================
2296
-
2297
- pr29_strerror
2298
- -------------
2299
-
2300
- -- Function: const char * pr29_strerror (Pr29_rc RC)
2301
- RC: an ‘Pr29_rc’ return code.
2302
-
2303
- Convert a return code integer to a text string. This string can be
2304
- used to output a diagnostic message to the user.
2305
-
2306
- *PR29_SUCCESS:* Successful operation. This value is guaranteed to
2307
- always be zero, the remaining ones are only guaranteed to hold
2308
- non-zero values, for logical comparison purposes.
2309
-
2310
- *PR29_PROBLEM:* A problem sequence was encountered.
2311
-
2312
- *PR29_STRINGPREP_ERROR:* The character set conversion failed (only
2313
- for ‘pr29_8z()’ ).
2314
-
2315
- Return value: Returns a pointer to a statically allocated string
2316
- containing a description of the error with the return code ‘rc’ .
2317
-
2318
- 
2319
- File: libidn.info, Node: Examples, Next: Invoking idn, Prev: PR29 Functions, Up: Top
2320
-
2321
- 9 Examples
2322
- **********
2323
-
2324
- This chapter contains example code which illustrate how ‘Libidn’ can be
2325
- used when writing your own application.
2326
-
2327
- * Menu:
2328
-
2329
- * Example 1:: Example using stringprep.
2330
- * Example 2:: Example using punycode.
2331
- * Example 3:: Example using IDNA ToASCII.
2332
- * Example 4:: Example using IDNA ToUnicode.
2333
- * Example 5:: Example using TLD checking.
2334
-
2335
- 
2336
- File: libidn.info, Node: Example 1, Next: Example 2, Up: Examples
2337
-
2338
- 9.1 Example 1
2339
- =============
2340
-
2341
- This example demonstrates how the stringprep functions are used.
2342
-
2343
- /* example.c --- Example code showing how to use stringprep().
2344
- * Copyright (C) 2002-2016 Simon Josefsson
2345
- *
2346
- * This file is part of GNU Libidn.
2347
- *
2348
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
2349
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
2350
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
2351
- * (at your option) any later version.
2352
- *
2353
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
2354
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
2355
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
2356
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
2357
- *
2358
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
2359
- * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
2360
- *
2361
- */
2362
-
2363
- #include <stdio.h>
2364
- #include <stdlib.h>
2365
- #include <string.h>
2366
- #include <locale.h> /* setlocale() */
2367
- #include <stringprep.h>
2368
-
2369
- /*
2370
- * Compiling using libtool and pkg-config is recommended:
2371
- *
2372
- * $ libtool cc -o example example.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs libidn`
2373
- * $ ./example
2374
- * Input string encoded as `ISO-8859-1': ª
2375
- * Before locale2utf8 (length 2): aa 0a
2376
- * Before stringprep (length 3): c2 aa 0a
2377
- * After stringprep (length 2): 61 0a
2378
- * $
2379
- *
2380
- */
2381
-
2382
- int
2383
- main (void)
2384
- {
2385
- char buf[BUFSIZ];
2386
- char *p;
2387
- int rc;
2388
- size_t i;
2389
-
2390
- setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
2391
-
2392
- printf ("Input string encoded as `%s': ", stringprep_locale_charset ());
2393
- fflush (stdout);
2394
- if (!fgets (buf, BUFSIZ, stdin))
2395
- perror ("fgets");
2396
- buf[strlen (buf) - 1] = '\0';
2397
-
2398
- printf ("Before locale2utf8 (length %ld): ", (long int) strlen (buf));
2399
- for (i = 0; i < strlen (buf); i++)
2400
- printf ("%02x ", buf[i] & 0xFF);
2401
- printf ("\n");
2402
-
2403
- p = stringprep_locale_to_utf8 (buf);
2404
- if (p)
2405
- {
2406
- strcpy (buf, p);
2407
- free (p);
2408
- }
2409
- else
2410
- printf ("Could not convert string to UTF-8, continuing anyway...\n");
2411
-
2412
- printf ("Before stringprep (length %ld): ", (long int) strlen (buf));
2413
- for (i = 0; i < strlen (buf); i++)
2414
- printf ("%02x ", buf[i] & 0xFF);
2415
- printf ("\n");
2416
-
2417
- rc = stringprep (buf, BUFSIZ, 0, stringprep_nameprep);
2418
- if (rc != STRINGPREP_OK)
2419
- printf ("Stringprep failed (%d): %s\n", rc, stringprep_strerror (rc));
2420
- else
2421
- {
2422
- printf ("After stringprep (length %ld): ", (long int) strlen (buf));
2423
- for (i = 0; i < strlen (buf); i++)
2424
- printf ("%02x ", buf[i] & 0xFF);
2425
- printf ("\n");
2426
- }
2427
-
2428
- return 0;
2429
- }
2430
-
2431
- 
2432
- File: libidn.info, Node: Example 2, Next: Example 3, Prev: Example 1, Up: Examples
2433
-
2434
- 9.2 Example 2
2435
- =============
2436
-
2437
- This example demonstrates how the punycode functions are used.
2438
-
2439
- /* example2.c --- Example code showing how to use punycode.
2440
- * Copyright (C) 2002-2016 Simon Josefsson
2441
- * Copyright (C) 2002 Adam M. Costello
2442
- *
2443
- * This file is part of GNU Libidn.
2444
- *
2445
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
2446
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
2447
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
2448
- * (at your option) any later version.
2449
- *
2450
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
2451
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
2452
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
2453
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
2454
- *
2455
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
2456
- * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
2457
- *
2458
- */
2459
-
2460
- #include <locale.h> /* setlocale() */
2461
-
2462
- /*
2463
- * This file is derived from RFC 3492 written by Adam M. Costello.
2464
- *
2465
- * Disclaimer and license: Regarding this entire document or any
2466
- * portion of it (including the pseudocode and C code), the author
2467
- * makes no guarantees and is not responsible for any damage resulting
2468
- * from its use. The author grants irrevocable permission to anyone
2469
- * to use, modify, and distribute it in any way that does not diminish
2470
- * the rights of anyone else to use, modify, and distribute it,
2471
- * provided that redistributed derivative works do not contain
2472
- * misleading author or version information. Derivative works need
2473
- * not be licensed under similar terms.
2474
- *
2475
- */
2476
-
2477
- #include <assert.h>
2478
- #include <stdio.h>
2479
- #include <stdlib.h>
2480
- #include <string.h>
2481
-
2482
- #include <punycode.h>
2483
-
2484
- /* For testing, we'll just set some compile-time limits rather than */
2485
- /* use malloc(), and set a compile-time option rather than using a */
2486
- /* command-line option. */
2487
-
2488
- enum
2489
- {
2490
- unicode_max_length = 256,
2491
- ace_max_length = 256
2492
- };
2493
-
2494
- static void
2495
- usage (char **argv)
2496
- {
2497
- fprintf (stderr,
2498
- "\n"
2499
- "%s -e reads code points and writes a Punycode string.\n"
2500
- "%s -d reads a Punycode string and writes code points.\n"
2501
- "\n"
2502
- "Input and output are plain text in the native character set.\n"
2503
- "Code points are in the form u+hex separated by whitespace.\n"
2504
- "Although the specification allows Punycode strings to contain\n"
2505
- "any characters from the ASCII repertoire, this test code\n"
2506
- "supports only the printable characters, and needs the Punycode\n"
2507
- "string to be followed by a newline.\n"
2508
- "The case of the u in u+hex is the force-to-uppercase flag.\n",
2509
- argv[0], argv[0]);
2510
- exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
2511
- }
2512
-
2513
- static void
2514
- fail (const char *msg)
2515
- {
2516
- fputs (msg, stderr);
2517
- exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
2518
- }
2519
-
2520
- static const char too_big[] =
2521
- "input or output is too large, recompile with larger limits\n";
2522
- static const char invalid_input[] = "invalid input\n";
2523
- static const char overflow[] = "arithmetic overflow\n";
2524
- static const char io_error[] = "I/O error\n";
2525
-
2526
- /* The following string is used to convert printable */
2527
- /* characters between ASCII and the native charset: */
2528
-
2529
- static const char print_ascii[] = "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n" "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n" " !\"#$%&'()*+,-./" "0123456789:;<=>?" "\0x40" /* at sign */
2530
- "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO"
2531
- "PQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_" "`abcdefghijklmno" "pqrstuvwxyz{|}~\n";
2532
-
2533
- int
2534
- main (int argc, char **argv)
2535
- {
2536
- enum punycode_status status;
2537
- int r;
2538
- size_t input_length, output_length, j;
2539
- unsigned char case_flags[unicode_max_length];
2540
-
2541
- setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
2542
-
2543
- if (argc != 2)
2544
- usage (argv);
2545
- if (argv[1][0] != '-')
2546
- usage (argv);
2547
- if (argv[1][2] != 0)
2548
- usage (argv);
2549
-
2550
- if (argv[1][1] == 'e')
2551
- {
2552
- uint32_t input[unicode_max_length];
2553
- unsigned long codept;
2554
- char output[ace_max_length + 1], uplus[3];
2555
- int c;
2556
-
2557
- /* Read the input code points: */
2558
-
2559
- input_length = 0;
2560
-
2561
- for (;;)
2562
- {
2563
- r = scanf ("%2s%lx", uplus, &codept);
2564
- if (ferror (stdin))
2565
- fail (io_error);
2566
- if (r == EOF || r == 0)
2567
- break;
2568
-
2569
- if (r != 2 || uplus[1] != '+' || codept > (uint32_t) - 1)
2570
- {
2571
- fail (invalid_input);
2572
- }
2573
-
2574
- if (input_length == unicode_max_length)
2575
- fail (too_big);
2576
-
2577
- if (uplus[0] == 'u')
2578
- case_flags[input_length] = 0;
2579
- else if (uplus[0] == 'U')
2580
- case_flags[input_length] = 1;
2581
- else
2582
- fail (invalid_input);
2583
-
2584
- input[input_length++] = codept;
2585
- }
2586
-
2587
- /* Encode: */
2588
-
2589
- output_length = ace_max_length;
2590
- status = punycode_encode (input_length, input, case_flags,
2591
- &output_length, output);
2592
- if (status == punycode_bad_input)
2593
- fail (invalid_input);
2594
- if (status == punycode_big_output)
2595
- fail (too_big);
2596
- if (status == punycode_overflow)
2597
- fail (overflow);
2598
- assert (status == punycode_success);
2599
-
2600
- /* Convert to native charset and output: */
2601
-
2602
- for (j = 0; j < output_length; ++j)
2603
- {
2604
- c = output[j];
2605
- assert (c >= 0 && c <= 127);
2606
- if (print_ascii[c] == 0)
2607
- fail (invalid_input);
2608
- output[j] = print_ascii[c];
2609
- }
2610
-
2611
- output[j] = 0;
2612
- r = puts (output);
2613
- if (r == EOF)
2614
- fail (io_error);
2615
- return EXIT_SUCCESS;
2616
- }
2617
-
2618
- if (argv[1][1] == 'd')
2619
- {
2620
- char input[ace_max_length + 2], *p, *pp;
2621
- uint32_t output[unicode_max_length];
2622
-
2623
- /* Read the Punycode input string and convert to ASCII: */
2624
-
2625
- if (!fgets (input, ace_max_length + 2, stdin))
2626
- fail (io_error);
2627
- if (ferror (stdin))
2628
- fail (io_error);
2629
- if (feof (stdin))
2630
- fail (invalid_input);
2631
- input_length = strlen (input) - 1;
2632
- if (input[input_length] != '\n')
2633
- fail (too_big);
2634
- input[input_length] = 0;
2635
-
2636
- for (p = input; *p != 0; ++p)
2637
- {
2638
- pp = strchr (print_ascii, *p);
2639
- if (pp == 0)
2640
- fail (invalid_input);
2641
- *p = pp - print_ascii;
2642
- }
2643
-
2644
- /* Decode: */
2645
-
2646
- output_length = unicode_max_length;
2647
- status = punycode_decode (input_length, input, &output_length,
2648
- output, case_flags);
2649
- if (status == punycode_bad_input)
2650
- fail (invalid_input);
2651
- if (status == punycode_big_output)
2652
- fail (too_big);
2653
- if (status == punycode_overflow)
2654
- fail (overflow);
2655
- assert (status == punycode_success);
2656
-
2657
- /* Output the result: */
2658
-
2659
- for (j = 0; j < output_length; ++j)
2660
- {
2661
- r = printf ("%s+%04lX\n",
2662
- case_flags[j] ? "U" : "u", (unsigned long) output[j]);
2663
- if (r < 0)
2664
- fail (io_error);
2665
- }
2666
-
2667
- return EXIT_SUCCESS;
2668
- }
2669
-
2670
- usage (argv);
2671
- return EXIT_SUCCESS; /* not reached, but quiets compiler warning */
2672
- }
2673
-
2674
- 
2675
- File: libidn.info, Node: Example 3, Next: Example 4, Prev: Example 2, Up: Examples
2676
-
2677
- 9.3 Example 3
2678
- =============
2679
-
2680
- This example demonstrates how the library is used to convert
2681
- internationalized domain names into ASCII compatible names.
2682
-
2683
- /* example3.c --- Example ToASCII() code showing how to use Libidn.
2684
- * Copyright (C) 2002-2016 Simon Josefsson
2685
- *
2686
- * This file is part of GNU Libidn.
2687
- *
2688
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
2689
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
2690
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
2691
- * (at your option) any later version.
2692
- *
2693
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
2694
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
2695
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
2696
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
2697
- *
2698
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
2699
- * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
2700
- *
2701
- */
2702
-
2703
- #include <stdio.h>
2704
- #include <stdlib.h>
2705
- #include <string.h>
2706
- #include <locale.h> /* setlocale() */
2707
- #include <stringprep.h> /* stringprep_locale_charset() */
2708
- #include <idna.h> /* idna_to_ascii_lz() */
2709
-
2710
- /*
2711
- * Compiling using libtool and pkg-config is recommended:
2712
- *
2713
- * $ libtool cc -o example3 example3.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs libidn`
2714
- * $ ./example3
2715
- * Input domain encoded as `ISO-8859-1': www.räksmörgåsª.example
2716
- * Read string (length 23): 77 77 77 2e 72 e4 6b 73 6d f6 72 67 e5 73 aa 2e 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65
2717
- * ACE label (length 33): 'www.xn--rksmrgsa-0zap8p.example'
2718
- * 77 77 77 2e 78 6e 2d 2d 72 6b 73 6d 72 67 73 61 2d 30 7a 61 70 38 70 2e 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65
2719
- * $
2720
- *
2721
- */
2722
-
2723
- int
2724
- main (void)
2725
- {
2726
- char buf[BUFSIZ];
2727
- char *p;
2728
- int rc;
2729
- size_t i;
2730
-
2731
- setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
2732
-
2733
- printf ("Input domain encoded as `%s': ", stringprep_locale_charset ());
2734
- fflush (stdout);
2735
- if (!fgets (buf, BUFSIZ, stdin))
2736
- perror ("fgets");
2737
- buf[strlen (buf) - 1] = '\0';
2738
-
2739
- printf ("Read string (length %ld): ", (long int) strlen (buf));
2740
- for (i = 0; i < strlen (buf); i++)
2741
- printf ("%02x ", buf[i] & 0xFF);
2742
- printf ("\n");
2743
-
2744
- rc = idna_to_ascii_lz (buf, &p, 0);
2745
- if (rc != IDNA_SUCCESS)
2746
- {
2747
- printf ("ToASCII() failed (%d): %s\n", rc, idna_strerror (rc));
2748
- return EXIT_FAILURE;
2749
- }
2750
-
2751
- printf ("ACE label (length %ld): '%s'\n", (long int) strlen (p), p);
2752
- for (i = 0; i < strlen (p); i++)
2753
- printf ("%02x ", p[i] & 0xFF);
2754
- printf ("\n");
2755
-
2756
- free (p);
2757
-
2758
- return 0;
2759
- }
2760
-
2761
- 
2762
- File: libidn.info, Node: Example 4, Next: Example 5, Prev: Example 3, Up: Examples
2763
-
2764
- 9.4 Example 4
2765
- =============
2766
-
2767
- This example demonstrates how the library is used to convert ASCII
2768
- compatible names to internationalized domain names.
2769
-
2770
- /* example4.c --- Example ToUnicode() code showing how to use Libidn.
2771
- * Copyright (C) 2002-2016 Simon Josefsson
2772
- *
2773
- * This file is part of GNU Libidn.
2774
- *
2775
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
2776
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
2777
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
2778
- * (at your option) any later version.
2779
- *
2780
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
2781
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
2782
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
2783
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
2784
- *
2785
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
2786
- * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
2787
- *
2788
- */
2789
-
2790
- #include <stdio.h>
2791
- #include <stdlib.h>
2792
- #include <string.h>
2793
- #include <locale.h> /* setlocale() */
2794
- #include <stringprep.h> /* stringprep_locale_charset() */
2795
- #include <idna.h> /* idna_to_unicode_lzlz() */
2796
-
2797
- /*
2798
- * Compiling using libtool and pkg-config is recommended:
2799
- *
2800
- * $ libtool cc -o example4 example4.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs libidn`
2801
- * $ ./example4
2802
- * Input domain encoded as `ISO-8859-1': www.xn--rksmrgsa-0zap8p.example
2803
- * Read string (length 33): 77 77 77 2e 78 6e 2d 2d 72 6b 73 6d 72 67 73 61 2d 30 7a 61 70 38 70 2e 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65
2804
- * ACE label (length 23): 'www.räksmörgåsa.example'
2805
- * 77 77 77 2e 72 e4 6b 73 6d f6 72 67 e5 73 61 2e 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65
2806
- * $
2807
- *
2808
- */
2809
-
2810
- int
2811
- main (void)
2812
- {
2813
- char buf[BUFSIZ];
2814
- char *p;
2815
- int rc;
2816
- size_t i;
2817
-
2818
- setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
2819
-
2820
- printf ("Input domain encoded as `%s': ", stringprep_locale_charset ());
2821
- fflush (stdout);
2822
- if (!fgets (buf, BUFSIZ, stdin))
2823
- perror ("fgets");
2824
- buf[strlen (buf) - 1] = '\0';
2825
-
2826
- printf ("Read string (length %ld): ", (long int) strlen (buf));
2827
- for (i = 0; i < strlen (buf); i++)
2828
- printf ("%02x ", buf[i] & 0xFF);
2829
- printf ("\n");
2830
-
2831
- rc = idna_to_unicode_lzlz (buf, &p, 0);
2832
- if (rc != IDNA_SUCCESS)
2833
- {
2834
- printf ("ToUnicode() failed (%d): %s\n", rc, idna_strerror (rc));
2835
- return EXIT_FAILURE;
2836
- }
2837
-
2838
- printf ("ACE label (length %ld): '%s'\n", (long int) strlen (p), p);
2839
- for (i = 0; i < strlen (p); i++)
2840
- printf ("%02x ", p[i] & 0xFF);
2841
- printf ("\n");
2842
-
2843
- free (p);
2844
-
2845
- return 0;
2846
- }
2847
-
2848
- 
2849
- File: libidn.info, Node: Example 5, Prev: Example 4, Up: Examples
2850
-
2851
- 9.5 Example 5
2852
- =============
2853
-
2854
- This example demonstrates how the library is used to check a string for
2855
- invalid characters within a specific TLD.
2856
-
2857
- /* example5.c --- Example TLD checking.
2858
- * Copyright (C) 2004-2016 Simon Josefsson
2859
- *
2860
- * This file is part of GNU Libidn.
2861
- *
2862
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
2863
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
2864
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
2865
- * (at your option) any later version.
2866
- *
2867
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
2868
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
2869
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
2870
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
2871
- *
2872
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
2873
- * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
2874
- *
2875
- */
2876
-
2877
- #include <stdio.h>
2878
- #include <stdlib.h>
2879
- #include <string.h>
2880
-
2881
- /* Get stringprep_locale_charset, etc. */
2882
- #include <stringprep.h>
2883
-
2884
- /* Get idna_to_ascii_8z, etc. */
2885
- #include <idna.h>
2886
-
2887
- /* Get tld_check_4z. */
2888
- #include <tld.h>
2889
-
2890
- /*
2891
- * Compiling using libtool and pkg-config is recommended:
2892
- *
2893
- * $ libtool cc -o example5 example5.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs libidn`
2894
- * $ ./example5
2895
- * Input domain encoded as `UTF-8': fooß.no
2896
- * Read string (length 8): 66 6f 6f c3 9f 2e 6e 6f
2897
- * ToASCII string (length 8): fooss.no
2898
- * ToUnicode string: U+0066 U+006f U+006f U+0073 U+0073 U+002e U+006e U+006f
2899
- * Domain accepted by TLD check
2900
- *
2901
- * $ ./example5
2902
- * Input domain encoded as `UTF-8': gr€€n.no
2903
- * Read string (length 12): 67 72 e2 82 ac e2 82 ac 6e 2e 6e 6f
2904
- * ToASCII string (length 16): xn--grn-l50aa.no
2905
- * ToUnicode string: U+0067 U+0072 U+20ac U+20ac U+006e U+002e U+006e U+006f
2906
- * Domain rejected by TLD check, Unicode position 2
2907
- *
2908
- */
2909
-
2910
- int
2911
- main (void)
2912
- {
2913
- char buf[BUFSIZ];
2914
- char *p;
2915
- uint32_t *r;
2916
- int rc;
2917
- size_t errpos, i;
2918
-
2919
- printf ("Input domain encoded as `%s': ", stringprep_locale_charset ());
2920
- fflush (stdout);
2921
- if (!fgets (buf, BUFSIZ, stdin))
2922
- perror ("fgets");
2923
- buf[strlen (buf) - 1] = '\0';
2924
-
2925
- printf ("Read string (length %ld): ", (long int) strlen (buf));
2926
- for (i = 0; i < strlen (buf); i++)
2927
- printf ("%02x ", buf[i] & 0xFF);
2928
- printf ("\n");
2929
-
2930
- p = stringprep_locale_to_utf8 (buf);
2931
- if (p)
2932
- {
2933
- strcpy (buf, p);
2934
- free (p);
2935
- }
2936
- else
2937
- printf ("Could not convert string to UTF-8, continuing anyway...\n");
2938
-
2939
- rc = idna_to_ascii_8z (buf, &p, 0);
2940
- if (rc != IDNA_SUCCESS)
2941
- {
2942
- printf ("idna_to_ascii_8z failed (%d): %s\n", rc, idna_strerror (rc));
2943
- return 2;
2944
- }
2945
-
2946
- printf ("ToASCII string (length %ld): %s\n", (long int) strlen (p), p);
2947
-
2948
- rc = idna_to_unicode_8z4z (p, &r, 0);
2949
- free (p);
2950
- if (rc != IDNA_SUCCESS)
2951
- {
2952
- printf ("idna_to_unicode_8z4z failed (%d): %s\n",
2953
- rc, idna_strerror (rc));
2954
- return 2;
2955
- }
2956
-
2957
- printf ("ToUnicode string: ");
2958
- for (i = 0; r[i]; i++)
2959
- printf ("U+%04x ", r[i]);
2960
- printf ("\n");
2961
-
2962
- rc = tld_check_4z (r, &errpos, NULL);
2963
- free (r);
2964
- if (rc == TLD_INVALID)
2965
- {
2966
- printf ("Domain rejected by TLD check, Unicode position %ld\n", (long int) errpos);
2967
- return 1;
2968
- }
2969
- else if (rc != TLD_SUCCESS)
2970
- {
2971
- printf ("tld_check_4z() failed (%d): %s\n", rc, tld_strerror (rc));
2972
- return 2;
2973
- }
2974
-
2975
- printf ("Domain accepted by TLD check\n");
2976
-
2977
- return 0;
2978
- }
2979
-
2980
- 
2981
- File: libidn.info, Node: Invoking idn, Next: Emacs API, Prev: Examples, Up: Top
2982
-
2983
- 10 Invoking idn
2984
- ***************
2985
-
2986
- 10.1 Name
2987
- =========
2988
-
2989
- GNU Libidn (idn) – Internationalized Domain Names command line tool
2990
-
2991
- 10.2 Description
2992
- ================
2993
-
2994
- ‘idn’ allows internationalized string preparation (‘stringprep’),
2995
- encoding and decoding of punycode data, and IDNA ToASCII/ToUnicode
2996
- operations to be performed on the command line.
2997
-
2998
- If strings are specified on the command line, they are used as input
2999
- and the computed output is printed to standard output ‘stdout’. If no
3000
- strings are specified on the command line, the program read data, line
3001
- by line, from the standard input ‘stdin’, and print the computed output
3002
- to standard output. What processing is performed (e.g., ToASCII, or
3003
- Punycode encode) is indicated by options. If any errors are
3004
- encountered, the execution of the applications is aborted.
3005
-
3006
- All strings are expected to be encoded in the preferred charset used
3007
- by your locale. Use ‘--debug’ to find out what this charset is. You
3008
- can override the charset used by setting environment variable ‘CHARSET’.
3009
-
3010
- To process a string that starts with ‘-’, for example ‘-foo’, use
3011
- ‘--’ to signal the end of parameters, as in ‘idn --quiet -a -- -foo’.
3012
-
3013
- 10.3 Options
3014
- ============
3015
-
3016
- ‘idn’ recognizes these commands:
3017
-
3018
- -h, --help Print help and exit
3019
-
3020
- -V, --version Print version and exit
3021
-
3022
- -s, --stringprep Prepare string according to nameprep profile
3023
-
3024
- -d, --punycode-decode Decode Punycode
3025
-
3026
- -e, --punycode-encode Encode Punycode
3027
-
3028
- -a, --idna-to-ascii Convert to ACE according to IDNA (default mode)
3029
-
3030
- -u, --idna-to-unicode Convert from ACE according to IDNA
3031
-
3032
- --allow-unassigned Toggle IDNA AllowUnassigned flag (default off)
3033
-
3034
- --usestd3asciirules Toggle IDNA UseSTD3ASCIIRules flag (default off)
3035
-
3036
- --no-tld Don't check string for TLD specific rules
3037
- Only for --idna-to-ascii and --idna-to-unicode
3038
-
3039
- -n, --nfkc Normalize string according to Unicode v3.2 NFKC
3040
-
3041
- -p, --profile=STRING Use specified stringprep profile instead
3042
- Valid stringprep profiles: `Nameprep',
3043
- `iSCSI', `Nodeprep', `Resourceprep',
3044
- `trace', `SASLprep'
3045
-
3046
- --debug Print debugging information
3047
-
3048
- --quiet Silent operation
3049
-
3050
- 10.4 Environment Variables
3051
- ==========================
3052
-
3053
- The CHARSET environment variable can be used to override what character
3054
- set to be used for decoding incoming data (i.e., on the command line or
3055
- on the standard input stream), and to encode data to the standard
3056
- output. If your system is set up correctly, however, the application
3057
- will guess which character set is used automatically. Example usage:
3058
-
3059
- $ CHARSET=ISO-8859-1 idn --punycode-encode
3060
- ...
3061
-
3062
- 10.5 Examples
3063
- =============
3064
-
3065
- Standard usage, reading input from standard input:
3066
-
3067
- jas@latte:~$ idn
3068
- libidn 0.3.5
3069
- Copyright 2002, 2003 Simon Josefsson.
3070
- GNU Libidn comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
3071
- You may redistribute copies of GNU Libidn under the terms of
3072
- the GNU Lesser General Public License. For more information
3073
- about these matters, see the file named COPYING.LIB.
3074
- Type each input string on a line by itself, terminated by a newline character.
3075
- räksmörgås.se
3076
- xn--rksmrgs-5wao1o.se
3077
- jas@latte:~$
3078
-
3079
- Reading input from command line, and disable printing copyright and
3080
- license information:
3081
-
3082
- jas@latte:~$ idn --quiet räksmörgås.se blåbærgrød.no
3083
- xn--rksmrgs-5wao1o.se
3084
- xn--blbrgrd-fxak7p.no
3085
- jas@latte:~$
3086
-
3087
- Accessing a specific StringPrep profile directly:
3088
-
3089
- jas@latte:~$ idn --quiet --profile=SASLprep --stringprep teßtª
3090
- teßta
3091
- jas@latte:~$
3092
-
3093
- 10.6 Troubleshooting
3094
- ====================
3095
-
3096
- Getting character data encoded right, and making sure Libidn use the
3097
- same encoding, can be difficult. The reason for this is that most
3098
- systems encode character data in more than one character encoding, i.e.,
3099
- using ‘UTF-8’ together with ‘ISO-8859-1’ or ‘ISO-2022-JP’. This problem
3100
- is likely to continue to exist until only one character encoding come
3101
- out as the evolutionary winner, or (more likely, at least to some
3102
- extents) forever.
3103
-
3104
- The first step to troubleshooting character encoding problems with
3105
- Libidn is to use the ‘--debug’ parameter to find out which character set
3106
- encoding ‘idn’ believe your locale uses.
3107
-
3108
- jas@latte:~$ idn --debug --quiet ""
3109
- system locale uses charset `UTF-8'.
3110
-
3111
- jas@latte:~$
3112
-
3113
- If it prints ‘ANSI_X3.4-1968’ (i.e., ‘US-ASCII’), this indicate you
3114
- have not configured your locale properly. To configure the locale, you
3115
- can, for example, use ‘LANG=sv_SE.UTF-8; export LANG’ at a ‘/bin/sh’
3116
- prompt, to set up your locale for a Swedish environment using ‘UTF-8’ as
3117
- the encoding.
3118
-
3119
- Sometimes ‘idn’ appear to be unable to translate from your system
3120
- locale into ‘UTF-8’ (which is used internally), and you get an error
3121
- like the following:
3122
-
3123
- jas@latte:~$ idn --quiet foo
3124
- idn: could not convert from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8.
3125
- jas@latte:~$
3126
-
3127
- The simplest explanation is that you haven’t installed the ‘iconv’
3128
- conversion tools. You can find it as a standalone library in GNU
3129
- Libiconv (<http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/>). On many GNU/Linux
3130
- systems, this library is part of the system, but you may have to install
3131
- additional packages (e.g., ‘glibc-locale’ for Debian) to be able to use
3132
- it.
3133
-
3134
- Another explanation is that the error is correct and you are feeding
3135
- ‘idn’ invalid data. This can happen inadvertently if you are not
3136
- careful with the character set encoding you use. For example, if your
3137
- shell run in a ‘ISO-8859-1’ environment, and you invoke ‘idn’ with the
3138
- ‘CHARSET’ environment variable as follows, you will feed it ‘ISO-8859-1’
3139
- characters but force it to believe they are ‘UTF-8’. Naturally this
3140
- will lead to an error, unless the byte sequences happen to be valid
3141
- ‘UTF-8’. Note that even if you don’t get an error, the output may be
3142
- incorrect in this situation, because ‘ISO-8859-1’ and ‘UTF-8’ does not
3143
- in general encode the same characters as the same byte sequences.
3144
-
3145
- jas@latte:~$ idn --quiet --debug ""
3146
- system locale uses charset `ISO-8859-1'.
3147
-
3148
- jas@latte:~$ CHARSET=UTF-8 idn --quiet --debug räksmörgås
3149
- system locale uses charset `UTF-8'.
3150
- input[0] = U+0072
3151
- input[1] = U+4af3
3152
- input[2] = U+006d
3153
- input[3] = U+1b29e5
3154
- input[4] = U+0073
3155
- output[0] = U+0078
3156
- output[1] = U+006e
3157
- output[2] = U+002d
3158
- output[3] = U+002d
3159
- output[4] = U+0072
3160
- output[5] = U+006d
3161
- output[6] = U+0073
3162
- output[7] = U+002d
3163
- output[8] = U+0068
3164
- output[9] = U+0069
3165
- output[10] = U+0036
3166
- output[11] = U+0064
3167
- output[12] = U+0035
3168
- output[13] = U+0039
3169
- output[14] = U+0037
3170
- output[15] = U+0035
3171
- output[16] = U+0035
3172
- output[17] = U+0032
3173
- output[18] = U+0061
3174
- xn--rms-hi6d597552a
3175
- jas@latte:~$
3176
-
3177
- The sense moral here is to forget about ‘CHARSET’ (configure your
3178
- locales properly instead) unless you know what you are doing, and if you
3179
- want to use it, do it carefully, after verifying with ‘--debug’ that you
3180
- get the desired results.
3181
-
3182
- 
3183
- File: libidn.info, Node: Emacs API, Next: Java API, Prev: Invoking idn, Up: Top
3184
-
3185
- 11 Emacs API
3186
- ************
3187
-
3188
- Included in Libidn are ‘punycode.el’ and ‘idna.el’ that provides an
3189
- Emacs Lisp API to (a limited set of) the Libidn API. This section
3190
- describes the API. Currently the IDNA API always set the
3191
- ‘UseSTD3ASCIIRules’ flag and clear the ‘AllowUnassigned’ flag, in the
3192
- future there may be functionality to specify these flags via the API.
3193
-
3194
- 11.1 Punycode Emacs API
3195
- =======================
3196
-
3197
- -- Variable: punycode-program
3198
- Name of the GNU Libidn ‘idn’ application. The default is ‘idn’.
3199
- This variable can be customized.
3200
-
3201
- -- Variable: punycode-environment
3202
- List of environment variable definitions prepended to
3203
- ‘process-environment’. The default is ‘("CHARSET=UTF-8")’. This
3204
- variable can be customized.
3205
-
3206
- -- Variable: punycode-encode-parameters
3207
- List of parameters passed to PUNYCODE-PROGRAM to invoke punycode
3208
- encoding mode. The default is ‘("--quiet" "--punycode-encode")’.
3209
- This variable can be customized.
3210
-
3211
- -- Variable: punycode-decode-parameters
3212
- Parameters passed to PUNYCODE-PROGRAM to invoke punycode decoding
3213
- mode. The default is ‘("--quiet" "--punycode-decode")’. This
3214
- variable can be customized.
3215
-
3216
- -- Function: punycode-encode string
3217
- Returns a Punycode encoding of the STRING, after converting the
3218
- input into UTF-8.
3219
-
3220
- -- Function: punycode-decode string
3221
- Returns a possibly multibyte string which is the decoding of the
3222
- STRING which is a punycode encoded string.
3223
-
3224
- 11.2 IDNA Emacs API
3225
- ===================
3226
-
3227
- -- Variable: idna-program
3228
- Name of the GNU Libidn ‘idn’ application. The default is ‘idn’.
3229
- This variable can be customized.
3230
-
3231
- -- Variable: idna-environment
3232
- List of environment variable definitions prepended to
3233
- ‘process-environment’. The default is ‘("CHARSET=UTF-8")’. This
3234
- variable can be customized.
3235
-
3236
- -- Variable: idna-to-ascii-parameters
3237
- List of parameters passed to IDNA-PROGRAM to invoke IDNA ToASCII
3238
- mode. The default is ‘("--quiet" "--idna-to-ascii"
3239
- "--usestd3asciirules")’. This variable can be customized.
3240
-
3241
- -- Variable: idna-to-unicode-parameters
3242
- Parameters passed IDNA-PROGRAM to invoke IDNA ToUnicode mode. The
3243
- default is ‘("--quiet" "--idna-to-unicode" "--usestd3asciirules")’.
3244
- This variable can be customized.
3245
-
3246
- -- Function: idna-to-ascii string
3247
- Returns an ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) of the string computed
3248
- by the IDNA ToASCII operation on the input STRING, after converting
3249
- the input to UTF-8.
3250
-
3251
- -- Function: idna-to-unicode string
3252
- Returns a possibly multibyte string which is the output of the IDNA
3253
- ToUnicode operation computed on the input STRING.
3254
-
3255
- 
3256
- File: libidn.info, Node: Java API, Next: C# API, Prev: Emacs API, Up: Top
3257
-
3258
- 12 Java API
3259
- ***********
3260
-
3261
- Libidn has been ported to the Java programming language, and as a
3262
- consequence most of the API is available to native Java applications.
3263
- This section contain notes on this support, complete documentation is
3264
- pending.
3265
-
3266
- The Java library, if Libidn has been built with Java support (*note
3267
- Downloading and Installing::), will be placed in ‘java/libidn-1.33.jar’.
3268
- The source code is below ‘java/’ in Maven directory layout, and there is
3269
- a Maven ‘pom.xml’ build script as well. Source code files are in
3270
- ‘java/src/main/java/gnu/inet/encoding/’.
3271
-
3272
- 12.1 Overview
3273
- =============
3274
-
3275
- This package provides a Java implementation of the Internationalized
3276
- Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) standard. It is written entirely in
3277
- Java and does not require any additional libraries to be set up.
3278
-
3279
- The gnu.inet.encoding.IDNA class offers two public functions, toASCII
3280
- and toUnicode which can be used as follows:
3281
-
3282
- gnu.inet.encoding.IDNA.toASCII("blöds.züg");
3283
- gnu.inet.encoding.IDNA.toUnicode("xn--blds-6qa.xn--zg-xka");
3284
-
3285
- 12.2 Miscellaneous Programs
3286
- ===========================
3287
-
3288
- The ‘java/src/util/java/’ directory contains several programs that are
3289
- related to the Java part of GNU Libidn, but that don’t need to be
3290
- included in the main source tree or the JAR file.
3291
-
3292
- 12.2.1 GenerateRFC3454
3293
- ----------------------
3294
-
3295
- This program parses RFC3454 and creates the RFC3454.java program that is
3296
- required during the StringPrep phase.
3297
-
3298
- The RFC can be found at various locations, for example at
3299
- <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3454.txt>.
3300
-
3301
- Invoke the program as follows:
3302
-
3303
- $ java GenerateRFC3454
3304
- Creating RFC3454.java... Ok.
3305
-
3306
- 12.2.2 GenerateNFKC
3307
- -------------------
3308
-
3309
- The GenerateNFKC program parses the Unicode character database file and
3310
- generates all the tables required for NFKC. This program requires the
3311
- two files UnicodeData.txt and CompositionExclusions.txt of version 3.2
3312
- of the Unicode files. Note that RFC3454 (Stringprep) defines that
3313
- Unicode version 3.2 is to be used, not the latest version.
3314
-
3315
- The Unicode data files can be found at
3316
- <http://www.unicode.org/Public/>.
3317
-
3318
- Invoke the program as follows:
3319
-
3320
- $ java GenerateNFKC
3321
- Creating CombiningClass.java... Ok.
3322
- Creating DecompositionKeys.java... Ok.
3323
- Creating DecompositionMappings.java... Ok.
3324
- Creating Composition.java... Ok.
3325
-
3326
- 12.2.3 TestIDNA
3327
- ---------------
3328
-
3329
- The TestIDNA program allows to test the IDNA implementation manually or
3330
- against Simon Josefsson’s test vectors.
3331
-
3332
- The test vectors can be found at the Libidn homepage,
3333
- <http://www.gnu.org/software/libidn/>.
3334
-
3335
- To test the transformation manually, use:
3336
-
3337
- $ java -cp .:/usr/share/java/libidn.jar TestIDNA -a <string to test>
3338
- Input: <string to test>
3339
- Output: <toASCII(string to test)>
3340
- $ java -cp .:/usr/share/java/libidn.jar TestIDNA -u <string to test>
3341
- Input: <string to test>
3342
- Output: <toUnicode(string to test)>
3343
-
3344
- To test against draft-josefsson-idn-test-vectors.html, use:
3345
-
3346
- $ java -cp .:/usr/share/java/libidn/libidn.jar TestIDNA -t
3347
- No errors detected!
3348
-
3349
- 12.2.4 TestNFKC
3350
- ---------------
3351
-
3352
- The TestNFKC program allows to test the NFKC implementation manually or
3353
- against the NormalizationTest.txt file from the Unicode data files.
3354
-
3355
- To test the normalization manually, use:
3356
-
3357
- $ java -cp .:/usr/share/java/libidn.jar TestNFKC <string to test>
3358
- Input: <string to test>
3359
- Output: <nfkc version of the string to test>
3360
-
3361
- To test against NormalizationTest.txt:
3362
-
3363
- $ java -cp .:/usr/share/java/libidn.jar TestNFKC
3364
- No errors detected!
3365
-
3366
- 12.3 Possible Problems
3367
- ======================
3368
-
3369
- Beware of Bugs: This Java API needs a lot more testing, especially with
3370
- "exotic" character sets. While it works for me, it may not work for
3371
- you.
3372
-
3373
- Encoding of your Java sources: If you are using non-ASCII characters
3374
- in your Java source code, make sure javac compiles your programs with
3375
- the correct encoding. If necessary specify the encoding using the
3376
- -encoding parameter.
3377
-
3378
- Java Unicode handling: Java 1.4 only handles 16-bit Unicode code
3379
- points (i.e. characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane), this
3380
- implementation therefore ignores all references to so-called
3381
- Supplementary Characters (U+10000 to U+10FFFF). Starting from Java 1.5,
3382
- these characters will also be supported by Java, but this will require
3383
- changes to this library. See also the next section.
3384
-
3385
- 12.4 A Note on Java and Unicode
3386
- ===============================
3387
-
3388
- This library uses Java’s built-in ’char’ datatype. Up to Java 1.4, this
3389
- datatype only supports 16-bit Unicode code points, also called the Basic
3390
- Multilingual Plane. For this reason, this library doesn’t work for
3391
- Supplementary Characters (i.e. characters from U+10000 to U+10FFFF).
3392
- All references to such characters are silently ignored.
3393
-
3394
- Starting from Java 1.5, also Supplementary Characters will be
3395
- supported. However, this will require changes in the present version of
3396
- the library. Java 1.5 is currently in beta status.
3397
-
3398
- For more information refer to the documentation of
3399
- java.lang.Character in the JDK API.
3400
-
3401
- 
3402
- File: libidn.info, Node: C# API, Next: Acknowledgements, Prev: Java API, Up: Top
3403
-
3404
- 13 C# API
3405
- *********
3406
-
3407
- The Libidn library has been ported to the C# language. The port reside
3408
- in the top-level ‘csharp/’ directory. Currently, no further
3409
- documentation about the implementation or the API is available.
3410
- However, the C# port was based on the Java port, and the API is exactly
3411
- the same as in the Java version. The help files for the Java API may
3412
- thus be useful.
3413
-
3414
- 
3415
- File: libidn.info, Node: Acknowledgements, Next: History, Prev: C# API, Up: Top
3416
-
3417
- 14 Acknowledgements
3418
- *******************
3419
-
3420
- The punycode implementation was taken from the IETF IDN Punycode
3421
- specification, by Adam M. Costello. The TLD code was contributed by
3422
- Thomas Jacob. The Java implementation was contributed by Oliver Hitz.
3423
- The C# implementation was contributed by Alexander Gnauck. The Unicode
3424
- tables were provided by Unicode, Inc. Some functions for dealing with
3425
- Unicode (see nfkc.c and toutf8.c) were borrowed from GLib, downloaded
3426
- from <http://www.gtk.org/>. The manual borrowed text from Libgcrypt by
3427
- Werner Koch.
3428
-
3429
- Inspiration for many things that, consciously or not, have gone into
3430
- this package is due to a number of free software package that the author
3431
- has been exposed to. The author wishes to acknowledge the free software
3432
- community in general, for giving an example on what role software
3433
- development can play in the modern society.
3434
-
3435
- Several people reported bugs, sent patches or suggested improvements,
3436
- see the file THANKS in the top-level directory of the source code.
3437
-
3438
- 
3439
- File: libidn.info, Node: History, Next: PR29 discussion, Prev: Acknowledgements, Up: Top
3440
-
3441
- 15 History
3442
- **********
3443
-
3444
- The complete history of user visible changes is stored in the file
3445
- ‘NEWS’ in the top-level directory of the source code tree. The complete
3446
- history of modifications to each file is stored in the file ‘ChangeLog’
3447
- in the same directory. This section contain a condensed version of that
3448
- information, in the form of “milestones” for the project.
3449
-
3450
- Stringprep implementation.
3451
- Version 0.0.0 released on 2002-11-05.
3452
-
3453
- IDNA and Punycode implementations, part of the GNU project.
3454
- Version 0.1.0 released on 2003-01-05.
3455
-
3456
- Uses official IDNA ACE prefix ‘xn--’.
3457
- Version 0.1.7 released on 2003-02-12.
3458
-
3459
- Command line interface.
3460
- Version 0.1.11 released on 2003-02-26.
3461
-
3462
- GNU Libc add-on proposed.
3463
- Version 0.1.12 released on 2003-03-06.
3464
-
3465
- Interoperability testing during IDNConnect.
3466
- Version 0.3.1 released on 2003-10-02.
3467
-
3468
- TLD restriction testing.
3469
- Version 0.4.0 released on 2004-02-28.
3470
-
3471
- GNU Libc add-on integrated.
3472
- Version 0.4.1 released on 2004-03-08.
3473
-
3474
- Native Java implementation.
3475
- Version 0.4.2-0.4.9 released between 2004-03-20 and 2004-06-11.
3476
-
3477
- PR-29 functions for “problem sequences”.
3478
- Version 0.5.0 released on 2004-06-26.
3479
-
3480
- Many small portability fixes and wider use.
3481
- Version 0.5.1 through 0.5.20, released between 2004-07-09 and
3482
- 2005-10-23.
3483
-
3484
- Native C# implementation.
3485
- Version 0.6.0 released on 2005-12-03.
3486
-
3487
- Windows support through cross-compilation.
3488
- Version 0.6.1 released on 2006-01-20.
3489
-
3490
- Library declared stable by releasing v1.0.
3491
- Version 1.0 released on 2007-07-31.
3492
-
3493
- 
3494
- File: libidn.info, Node: PR29 discussion, Next: On Label Separators, Prev: History, Up: Top
3495
-
3496
- Appendix A PR29 discussion
3497
- **************************
3498
-
3499
- If you wish to experiment with a modified Unicode NFKC implementation
3500
- according to the PR29 proposal, you may find the following bug report
3501
- useful. However, I have not verified that the suggested modifications
3502
- are correct. For reference, I’m including my response to the report as
3503
- well.
3504
-
3505
- From: Rick McGowan <rick@unicode.org>
3506
- Subject: Possible bug and status of PR 29 change(s)
3507
- To: bug-libidn@gnu.org
3508
- Date: Wed, 27 Oct 2004 14:49:17 -0700
3509
-
3510
- Hello. On behalf of the Unicode Consortium editorial committee, I would
3511
- like to find out more information about the PR 29 fixes, if any, and
3512
- functions in Libidn. Your implementation was listed in the text of PR29 as
3513
- needing investigation, so I am following up on several implementations.
3514
-
3515
- The UTC has accepted the proposed fix to D2 as outlined in PR29, and a new
3516
- draft of UAX #15 has been issued.
3517
-
3518
- I have looked at Libidn 0.5.8 (today), and there may still be a possible
3519
- bug in NFKC.java and nfkc.c.
3520
-
3521
- ------------------------------------------------------
3522
-
3523
- 1. In NFKC.java, this line in canonicalOrdering():
3524
-
3525
- if (i > 0 && (last_cc == 0 || last_cc != cc)) {
3526
-
3527
- should perhaps be changed to:
3528
-
3529
- if (i > 0 && (last_cc == 0 || last_cc < cc)) {
3530
-
3531
- but I'm not sure of the sense of this comparison.
3532
-
3533
- ------------------------------------------------------
3534
-
3535
- 2. In nfkc.c, function _g_utf8_normalize_wc() has this code:
3536
-
3537
- if (i > 0 &&
3538
- (last_cc == 0 || last_cc != cc) &&
3539
- combine (wc_buffer[last_start], wc_buffer[i],
3540
- &wc_buffer[last_start]))
3541
- {
3542
-
3543
- This appears to have the same bug as the current Python implementation (in
3544
- Python 2.3.4). The code should be checking, as per new rule D2 UAX #15
3545
- update, that the next combining character is the same or HIGHER than the
3546
- current one. It now checks to see if it's non-zero and not equal.
3547
-
3548
- The above line(s) should perhaps be changed to:
3549
-
3550
- if (i > 0 &&
3551
- (last_cc == 0 || last_cc < cc) &&
3552
- combine (wc_buffer[last_start], wc_buffer[i],
3553
- &wc_buffer[last_start]))
3554
- {
3555
-
3556
- but I'm not sure of the sense of the comparison (< or > or <=?) here.
3557
-
3558
- In the text of PR29, I will be marking Libidn as "needs change" and adding
3559
- the version number that I checked. If any further change is made, please
3560
- let me know the release version, and I'll update again.
3561
-
3562
- Regards,
3563
- Rick McGowan
3564
-
3565
- From: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
3566
- Subject: Re: Possible bug and status of PR 29 change(s)
3567
- To: Rick McGowan <rick@unicode.org>
3568
- Cc: bug-libidn@gnu.org
3569
- Date: Thu, 28 Oct 2004 09:47:47 +0200
3570
-
3571
- Rick McGowan <rick@unicode.org> writes:
3572
-
3573
- > Hello. On behalf of the Unicode Consortium editorial committee, I would
3574
- > like to find out more information about the PR 29 fixes, if any, and
3575
- > functions in Libidn. Your implementation was listed in the text of PR29 as
3576
- > needing investigation, so I am following up on several implementations.
3577
- >
3578
- > The UTC has accepted the proposed fix to D2 as outlined in PR29, and a new
3579
- > draft of UAX #15 has been issued.
3580
- >
3581
- > I have looked at Libidn 0.5.8 (today), and there may still be a possible
3582
- > bug in NFKC.java and nfkc.c.
3583
-
3584
- Hello Rick.
3585
-
3586
- I believe the current behavior is intentional. Libidn do not aim to
3587
- implement latest-and-greatest NFKC, it aim to implement the NFKC
3588
- functionality required for StringPrep and IDN. As you may know,
3589
- StringPrep/IDN reference Unicode 3.2.0, and explicitly says any later
3590
- changes (which I consider PR29 as) do not apply.
3591
-
3592
- In fact, I believe that would I incorporate the changes suggested in
3593
- PR29, I would in fact be violating the IDN specifications.
3594
-
3595
- Thanks for looking into the code and finding the place where the
3596
- change could be made. I'll see if I can mention this in the manual
3597
- somewhere, for technically interested readers.
3598
-
3599
- Regards,
3600
- Simon
3601
-
3602
- 
3603
- File: libidn.info, Node: On Label Separators, Next: Copying Information, Prev: PR29 discussion, Up: Top
3604
-
3605
- Appendix B On Label Separators
3606
- ******************************
3607
-
3608
- Some strings contains characters whose NFKC normalized form contain the
3609
- ASCII dot (0x2E, “.”). Examples of these characters are U+2024 (ONE DOT
3610
- LEADER) and U+248C (DIGIT FIVE FULL STOP). The strings have the
3611
- interesting property that their IDNA ToASCII output will contain
3612
- embedded dots. For example:
3613
-
3614
- ToASCII (hi U+248C com) = hi5.com
3615
- ToASCII (räksmörgås U+2024 com) = xn--rksmrgs.com-l8as9u
3616
-
3617
- This demonstrate the two general cases: The first where the ASCII dot
3618
- is part of an output that do not begin with the IDN prefix ‘xn--’. The
3619
- second example illustrate when the dot is part of IDN prefixed with
3620
- ‘xn--’.
3621
-
3622
- The input strings are, from the DNS point of view, a single label.
3623
- The IDNA algorithm translate one label at a time. Thus, the output is
3624
- expected to be only one label. What is important here is to make sure
3625
- the DNS resolver receives the correct query. The DNS protocol does not
3626
- use the dot to delimit labels on the wire, rather it uses length-value
3627
- pairs. Thus the correct query would be for ‘{7}hi5.com’ and
3628
- ‘{22}xn--rksmrgs.com-l8as9u’ respectively.
3629
-
3630
- Some implementations (1) have decided that these inputs strings are
3631
- potentially confusing for the user. The string ‘hi U+248C com’ looks
3632
- like ‘hi5.com’ on systems that support Unicode properly. These
3633
- implementations do not follow RFC 3490. They yield:
3634
-
3635
- ToASCII (hi U+248C com) = hi5.com
3636
- ToASCII (räksmörgås U+2024 com) = xn--rksmrgs-5wao1o.com
3637
-
3638
- The DNS query they perform are ‘{3}hi5{3}com’ and
3639
- ‘{18}xn--rksmrgs-5wao1o{3}com’ respectively. Arguably, this leads to a
3640
- better user experience, and suggests that the IDNA specification is
3641
- sub-optimal in this area.
3642
-
3643
- B.1 Recommended Workaround
3644
- ==========================
3645
-
3646
- It has been suggested to normalize the entire input string using NFKC
3647
- before passing it to IDNA ToASCII. You may use
3648
- ‘stringprep_utf8_nfkc_normalize’ or ‘stringprep_ucs4_nfkc_normalize’.
3649
- This appears to lead to similar behaviour as IE/Firefox, which would
3650
- avoid the problem, but this needs to be confirmed. Feel free to discuss
3651
- the issue with us.
3652
-
3653
- Alternative workarounds are being considered. Eventually Libidn may
3654
- implement a new flag to the ‘idna_*’ functions that implements a
3655
- recommended way to work around this problem.
3656
-
3657
- ---------- Footnotes ----------
3658
-
3659
- (1) Notably Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Mozilla’s Firefox, but
3660
- not Apple’s Safari.
3661
-
3662
- 
3663
- File: libidn.info, Node: Copying Information, Next: Function and Variable Index, Prev: On Label Separators, Up: Top
3664
-
3665
- Appendix C Copying Information
3666
- ******************************
3667
-
3668
- * Menu:
3669
-
3670
- * GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual.
3671
-
3672
- 
3673
- File: libidn.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Copying Information
3674
-
3675
- C.1 GNU Free Documentation License
3676
- ==================================
3677
-
3678
- Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
3679
-
3680
- Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3681
- <http://fsf.org/>
3682
-
3683
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
3684
- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
3685
-
3686
- 0. PREAMBLE
3687
-
3688
- The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
3689
- functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
3690
- assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
3691
- with or without modifying it, either commercially or
3692
- noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
3693
- author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
3694
- being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
3695
-
3696
- This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative
3697
- works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
3698
- It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
3699
- license designed for free software.
3700
-
3701
- We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
3702
- free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
3703
- free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
3704
- that the software does. But this License is not limited to
3705
- software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
3706
- of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We
3707
- recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
3708
- instruction or reference.
3709
-
3710
- 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
3711
-
3712
- This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
3713
- that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can
3714
- be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
3715
- grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
3716
- to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The
3717
- “Document”, below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
3718
- of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as “you”. You accept
3719
- the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
3720
- requiring permission under copyright law.
3721
-
3722
- A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the
3723
- Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
3724
- modifications and/or translated into another language.
3725
-
3726
- A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section
3727
- of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
3728
- publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall
3729
- subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could
3730
- fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document
3731
- is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not
3732
- explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
3733
- historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or
3734
- of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
3735
- regarding them.
3736
-
3737
- The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose
3738
- titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
3739
- notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
3740
- If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
3741
- is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may
3742
- contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify
3743
- any Invariant Sections then there are none.
3744
-
3745
- The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are
3746
- listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
3747
- that says that the Document is released under this License. A
3748
- Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
3749
- be at most 25 words.
3750
-
3751
- A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
3752
- represented in a format whose specification is available to the
3753
- general public, that is suitable for revising the document
3754
- straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed
3755
- of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
3756
- available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
3757
- formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats
3758
- suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise
3759
- Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has
3760
- been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by
3761
- readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if
3762
- used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not
3763
- “Transparent” is called “Opaque”.
3764
-
3765
- Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
3766
- ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
3767
- SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming
3768
- simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.
3769
- Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.
3770
- Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
3771
- edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which
3772
- the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and
3773
- the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
3774
- processors for output purposes only.
3775
-
3776
- The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
3777
- plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
3778
- material this License requires to appear in the title page. For
3779
- works in formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title
3780
- Page” means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
3781
- work’s title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
3782
-
3783
- The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes copies
3784
- of the Document to the public.
3785
-
3786
- A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document
3787
- whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
3788
- following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ
3789
- stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
3790
- “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.)
3791
- To “Preserve the Title” of such a section when you modify the
3792
- Document means that it remains a section “Entitled XYZ” according
3793
- to this definition.
3794
-
3795
- The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
3796
- which states that this License applies to the Document. These
3797
- Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
3798
- this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
3799
- implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and
3800
- has no effect on the meaning of this License.
3801
-
3802
- 2. VERBATIM COPYING
3803
-
3804
- You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
3805
- commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
3806
- copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
3807
- applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
3808
- add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You
3809
- may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
3810
- or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However,
3811
- you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you
3812
- distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
3813
- conditions in section 3.
3814
-
3815
- You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
3816
- and you may publicly display copies.
3817
-
3818
- 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
3819
-
3820
- If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
3821
- have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and
3822
- the Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
3823
- enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
3824
- these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
3825
- Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
3826
- and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The
3827
- front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
3828
- equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the
3829
- covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as
3830
- long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
3831
- conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
3832
-
3833
- If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
3834
- legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
3835
- reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
3836
- adjacent pages.
3837
-
3838
- If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
3839
- numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
3840
- Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with
3841
- each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
3842
- network-using public has access to download using public-standard
3843
- network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free
3844
- of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take
3845
- reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
3846
- copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
3847
- remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
3848
- year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
3849
- through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
3850
-
3851
- It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
3852
- the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies,
3853
- to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
3854
- Document.
3855
-
3856
- 4. MODIFICATIONS
3857
-
3858
- You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
3859
- under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
3860
- release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
3861
- Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
3862
- distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
3863
- possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in
3864
- the Modified Version:
3865
-
3866
- A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
3867
- distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
3868
- versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
3869
- History section of the Document). You may use the same title
3870
- as a previous version if the original publisher of that
3871
- version gives permission.
3872
-
3873
- B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
3874
- entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
3875
- the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
3876
- principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
3877
- authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
3878
- from this requirement.
3879
-
3880
- C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
3881
- Modified Version, as the publisher.
3882
-
3883
- D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
3884
-
3885
- E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
3886
- adjacent to the other copyright notices.
3887
-
3888
- F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
3889
- notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
3890
- Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in
3891
- the Addendum below.
3892
-
3893
- G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
3894
- Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s
3895
- license notice.
3896
-
3897
- H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
3898
-
3899
- I. Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title,
3900
- and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
3901
- authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the
3902
- Title Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the
3903
- Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
3904
- publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add
3905
- an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
3906
- previous sentence.
3907
-
3908
- J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
3909
- for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
3910
- likewise the network locations given in the Document for
3911
- previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the
3912
- “History” section. You may omit a network location for a work
3913
- that was published at least four years before the Document
3914
- itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
3915
- to gives permission.
3916
-
3917
- K. For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”,
3918
- Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
3919
- all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
3920
- acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
3921
-
3922
- L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
3923
- in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
3924
- equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
3925
-
3926
- M. Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section
3927
- may not be included in the Modified Version.
3928
-
3929
- N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
3930
- “Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant
3931
- Section.
3932
-
3933
- O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
3934
-
3935
- If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
3936
- appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
3937
- material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate
3938
- some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their
3939
- titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s
3940
- license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other
3941
- section titles.
3942
-
3943
- You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains
3944
- nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
3945
- parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
3946
- been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of
3947
- a standard.
3948
-
3949
- You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
3950
- and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of
3951
- the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage
3952
- of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
3953
- through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document
3954
- already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added
3955
- by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
3956
- behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
3957
- one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added
3958
- the old one.
3959
-
3960
- The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
3961
- License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
3962
- assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
3963
-
3964
- 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
3965
-
3966
- You may combine the Document with other documents released under
3967
- this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
3968
- modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all
3969
- of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
3970
- unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
3971
- combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
3972
- their Warranty Disclaimers.
3973
-
3974
- The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
3975
- multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
3976
- copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
3977
- but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
3978
- by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
3979
- original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
3980
- unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
3981
- the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
3982
- combined work.
3983
-
3984
- In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
3985
- “History” in the various original documents, forming one section
3986
- Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled
3987
- “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You
3988
- must delete all sections Entitled “Endorsements.”
3989
-
3990
- 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
3991
-
3992
- You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
3993
- documents released under this License, and replace the individual
3994
- copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
3995
- that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
3996
- rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents
3997
- in all other respects.
3998
-
3999
- You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
4000
- distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
4001
- a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
4002
- License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
4003
- document.
4004
-
4005
- 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
4006
-
4007
- A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
4008
- separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
4009
- storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the
4010
- copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
4011
- legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual
4012
- works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
4013
- License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
4014
- are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
4015
-
4016
- If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
4017
- copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
4018
- of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed
4019
- on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
4020
- electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
4021
- form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
4022
- the whole aggregate.
4023
-
4024
- 8. TRANSLATION
4025
-
4026
- Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
4027
- distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
4028
- 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
4029
- permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
4030
- translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
4031
- original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
4032
- translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
4033
- Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
4034
- include the original English version of this License and the
4035
- original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
4036
- disagreement between the translation and the original version of
4037
- this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
4038
- prevail.
4039
-
4040
- If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”,
4041
- “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to
4042
- Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
4043
- actual title.
4044
-
4045
- 9. TERMINATION
4046
-
4047
- You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
4048
- except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
4049
- otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void,
4050
- and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
4051
-
4052
- However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
4053
- license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
4054
- provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
4055
- finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the
4056
- copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some
4057
- reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
4058
-
4059
- Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
4060
- reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
4061
- violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
4062
- received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from
4063
- that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days
4064
- after your receipt of the notice.
4065
-
4066
- Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate
4067
- the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you
4068
- under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not
4069
- permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the
4070
- same material does not give you any rights to use it.
4071
-
4072
- 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
4073
-
4074
- The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
4075
- the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
4076
- versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
4077
- differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
4078
- <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>.
4079
-
4080
- Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
4081
- number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
4082
- version of this License “or any later version” applies to it, you
4083
- have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
4084
- that specified version or of any later version that has been
4085
- published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
4086
- Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may
4087
- choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
4088
- Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can
4089
- decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
4090
- proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
4091
- authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
4092
-
4093
- 11. RELICENSING
4094
-
4095
- “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC Site”) means any
4096
- World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
4097
- provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
4098
- public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.
4099
- A “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or “MMC”) contained in the
4100
- site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
4101
- site.
4102
-
4103
- “CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
4104
- license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
4105
- corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
4106
- California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
4107
- published by that same organization.
4108
-
4109
- “Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
4110
- in part, as part of another Document.
4111
-
4112
- An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under this
4113
- License, and if all works that were first published under this
4114
- License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently
4115
- incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover
4116
- texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior
4117
- to November 1, 2008.
4118
-
4119
- The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the
4120
- site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1,
4121
- 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
4122
-
4123
- ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
4124
- ====================================================
4125
-
4126
- To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
4127
- the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
4128
- notices just after the title page:
4129
-
4130
- Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
4131
- Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
4132
- under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
4133
- or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
4134
- with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
4135
- Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
4136
- Free Documentation License''.
4137
-
4138
- If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
4139
- Texts, replace the “with…Texts.” line with this:
4140
-
4141
- with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
4142
- the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
4143
- being LIST.
4144
-
4145
- If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
4146
- combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
4147
- situation.
4148
-
4149
- If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
4150
- recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
4151
- software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
4152
- their use in free software.
4153
-
4154
- 
4155
- File: libidn.info, Node: Function and Variable Index, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Copying Information, Up: Top
4156
-
4157
- Function and Variable Index
4158
- ***************************
4159
-
4160
- [index]
4161
- * Menu:
4162
-
4163
- * idna-to-ascii: Emacs API. (line 64)
4164
- * idna-to-unicode: Emacs API. (line 69)
4165
- * idna_strerror: IDNA Functions. (line 309)
4166
- * idna_to_ascii_4i: IDNA Functions. (line 66)
4167
- * idna_to_ascii_4z: IDNA Functions. (line 150)
4168
- * idna_to_ascii_8z: IDNA Functions. (line 168)
4169
- * idna_to_ascii_lz: IDNA Functions. (line 186)
4170
- * idna_to_unicode_44i: IDNA Functions. (line 104)
4171
- * idna_to_unicode_4z4z: IDNA Functions. (line 208)
4172
- * idna_to_unicode_8z4z: IDNA Functions. (line 227)
4173
- * idna_to_unicode_8z8z: IDNA Functions. (line 246)
4174
- * idna_to_unicode_8zlz: IDNA Functions. (line 265)
4175
- * idna_to_unicode_lzlz: IDNA Functions. (line 285)
4176
- * idn_free: Memory handling under Windows.
4177
- (line 30)
4178
- * pr29_4: PR29 Functions. (line 54)
4179
- * pr29_4z: PR29 Functions. (line 74)
4180
- * pr29_8z: PR29 Functions. (line 89)
4181
- * pr29_strerror: PR29 Functions. (line 108)
4182
- * punycode-decode: Emacs API. (line 38)
4183
- * punycode-encode: Emacs API. (line 34)
4184
- * punycode_decode: Punycode Functions. (line 92)
4185
- * punycode_encode: Punycode Functions. (line 48)
4186
- * punycode_strerror: Punycode Functions. (line 138)
4187
- * stringprep: Stringprep Functions.
4188
- (line 124)
4189
- * stringprep_4i: Stringprep Functions.
4190
- (line 54)
4191
- * stringprep_4zi: Stringprep Functions.
4192
- (line 93)
4193
- * stringprep_check_version: Version Check. (line 15)
4194
- * stringprep_convert: Utility Functions. (line 163)
4195
- * stringprep_iscsi: Stringprep Functions.
4196
- (line 257)
4197
- * stringprep_locale_charset: Utility Functions. (line 141)
4198
- * stringprep_locale_to_utf8: Utility Functions. (line 180)
4199
- * stringprep_nameprep_no_unassigned: Stringprep Functions.
4200
- (line 246)
4201
- * stringprep_plain: Stringprep Functions.
4202
- (line 266)
4203
- * stringprep_profile: Stringprep Functions.
4204
- (line 159)
4205
- * stringprep_strerror: Stringprep Functions.
4206
- (line 193)
4207
- * stringprep_ucs4_nfkc_normalize: Utility Functions. (line 97)
4208
- * stringprep_ucs4_to_utf8: Utility Functions. (line 50)
4209
- * stringprep_unichar_to_utf8: Utility Functions. (line 24)
4210
- * stringprep_utf8_nfkc_normalize: Utility Functions. (line 112)
4211
- * stringprep_utf8_to_locale: Utility Functions. (line 192)
4212
- * stringprep_utf8_to_ucs4: Utility Functions. (line 73)
4213
- * stringprep_utf8_to_unichar: Utility Functions. (line 38)
4214
- * stringprep_xmpp_nodeprep: Stringprep Functions.
4215
- (line 275)
4216
- * stringprep_xmpp_resourceprep: Stringprep Functions.
4217
- (line 284)
4218
- * tld_check_4: TLD Functions. (line 174)
4219
- * tld_check_4t: TLD Functions. (line 42)
4220
- * tld_check_4tz: TLD Functions. (line 66)
4221
- * tld_check_4z: TLD Functions. (line 203)
4222
- * tld_check_8z: TLD Functions. (line 229)
4223
- * tld_check_lz: TLD Functions. (line 257)
4224
- * tld_default_table: TLD Functions. (line 153)
4225
- * tld_get_4: TLD Functions. (line 90)
4226
- * tld_get_4z: TLD Functions. (line 108)
4227
- * tld_get_table: TLD Functions. (line 137)
4228
- * tld_get_z: TLD Functions. (line 122)
4229
- * tld_strerror: TLD Functions. (line 289)
4230
-
4231
- 
4232
- File: libidn.info, Node: Concept Index, Prev: Function and Variable Index, Up: Top
4233
-
4234
- Concept Index
4235
- *************
4236
-
4237
- [index]
4238
- * Menu:
4239
-
4240
- * AIX: Supported Platforms. (line 74)
4241
- * ARM: Supported Platforms. (line 128)
4242
- * Autoconf tests: Autoconf tests. (line 6)
4243
- * command line: Invoking idn. (line 5)
4244
- * Compiling your application: Building the source. (line 6)
4245
- * Configure tests: Autoconf tests. (line 6)
4246
- * Contributing: Contributing. (line 6)
4247
- * de-allocation: Memory handling under Windows.
4248
- (line 6)
4249
- * Debian: Supported Platforms. (line 10)
4250
- * Debian <1>: Supported Platforms. (line 22)
4251
- * Download: Downloading and Installing.
4252
- (line 6)
4253
- * Examples: Examples. (line 6)
4254
- * FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License.
4255
- (line 6)
4256
- * free: Memory handling under Windows.
4257
- (line 6)
4258
- * FreeBSD: Supported Platforms. (line 110)
4259
- * Hacking: Contributing. (line 6)
4260
- * heap memory: Memory handling under Windows.
4261
- (line 6)
4262
- * HP-UX: Supported Platforms. (line 82)
4263
- * IBM: Supported Platforms. (line 136)
4264
- * idn: Invoking idn. (line 6)
4265
- * IDNA Functions: IDNA Functions. (line 6)
4266
- * Installation: Downloading and Installing.
4267
- (line 6)
4268
- * invoking ‘idn’: Invoking idn. (line 6)
4269
- * IRIX: Supported Platforms. (line 70)
4270
- * MacOS X: Supported Platforms. (line 116)
4271
- * MacOS X <1>: Supported Platforms. (line 120)
4272
- * Mandrake: Supported Platforms. (line 66)
4273
- * Memory handling: Memory handling under Windows.
4274
- (line 6)
4275
- * Microsoft: Supported Platforms. (line 132)
4276
- * mingw32: Supported Platforms. (line 132)
4277
- * Motorola Coldfire: Supported Platforms. (line 124)
4278
- * NetBSD: Supported Platforms. (line 100)
4279
- * OpenBSD: Supported Platforms. (line 105)
4280
- * OpenPower 720: Supported Platforms. (line 45)
4281
- * OS/2: Supported Platforms. (line 136)
4282
- * PR29 Functions: PR29 Functions. (line 6)
4283
- * Punycode Functions: Punycode Functions. (line 6)
4284
- * RedHat: Supported Platforms. (line 49)
4285
- * RedHat <1>: Supported Platforms. (line 54)
4286
- * RedHat <2>: Supported Platforms. (line 62)
4287
- * RedHat Advanced Server: Supported Platforms. (line 58)
4288
- * Reporting Bugs: Bug Reports. (line 6)
4289
- * Solaris: Supported Platforms. (line 87)
4290
- * Solaris <1>: Supported Platforms. (line 91)
4291
- * Solaris <2>: Supported Platforms. (line 95)
4292
- * Stringprep Functions: Stringprep Functions.
4293
- (line 6)
4294
- * SuSE: Supported Platforms. (line 31)
4295
- * SuSE Linux: Supported Platforms. (line 36)
4296
- * SuSE Linux <1>: Supported Platforms. (line 40)
4297
- * SuSE Linux <2>: Supported Platforms. (line 45)
4298
- * TLD Functions: TLD Functions. (line 6)
4299
- * Tru64: Supported Platforms. (line 26)
4300
- * uClibc: Supported Platforms. (line 124)
4301
- * uClinux: Supported Platforms. (line 124)
4302
- * Utility Functions: Utility Functions. (line 6)
4303
- * Windows: Supported Platforms. (line 78)
4304
- * Windows <1>: Supported Platforms. (line 132)
4305
-
4306
-
4307
- 
4308
- Tag Table:
4309
- Node: Top1021
4310
- Node: Introduction2727
4311
- Node: Getting Started5039
4312
- Node: Features6150
4313
- Node: Library Overview7504
4314
- Node: Supported Platforms8302
4315
- Node: Getting help12094
4316
- Node: Commercial Support12557
4317
- Node: Downloading and Installing13498
4318
- Node: Installing under Windows15863
4319
- Node: Bug Reports17267
4320
- Node: Contributing18673
4321
- Node: Preparation20676
4322
- Node: Header21398
4323
- Node: Initialization24509
4324
- Node: Version Check24706
4325
- Ref: stringprep_check_version25245
4326
- Node: Building the source26220
4327
- Node: Autoconf tests28142
4328
- Node: Memory handling under Windows30543
4329
- Ref: idn_free31503
4330
- Node: Utility Functions32061
4331
- Ref: stringprep_unichar_to_utf832733
4332
- Ref: stringprep_utf8_to_unichar33165
4333
- Ref: stringprep_ucs4_to_utf833555
4334
- Ref: stringprep_utf8_to_ucs434440
4335
- Ref: stringprep_ucs4_nfkc_normalize35265
4336
- Ref: stringprep_utf8_nfkc_normalize35762
4337
- Ref: stringprep_locale_charset36933
4338
- Ref: stringprep_convert37976
4339
- Ref: stringprep_locale_to_utf838545
4340
- Ref: stringprep_utf8_to_locale38934
4341
- Node: Stringprep Functions39293
4342
- Ref: stringprep_4i41220
4343
- Ref: stringprep_4zi42869
4344
- Ref: stringprep44115
4345
- Ref: stringprep_profile45475
4346
- Ref: stringprep_strerror46609
4347
- Node: Punycode Functions50310
4348
- Ref: punycode_encode52079
4349
- Ref: punycode_decode54314
4350
- Ref: punycode_strerror56483
4351
- Node: IDNA Functions57252
4352
- Ref: idna_to_ascii_4i59874
4353
- Ref: idna_to_unicode_44i61523
4354
- Ref: idna_to_ascii_4z63506
4355
- Ref: idna_to_ascii_8z64112
4356
- Ref: idna_to_ascii_lz64712
4357
- Ref: idna_to_unicode_4z4z65459
4358
- Ref: idna_to_unicode_8z4z66123
4359
- Ref: idna_to_unicode_8z8z66781
4360
- Ref: idna_to_unicode_8zlz67433
4361
- Ref: idna_to_unicode_lzlz68174
4362
- Ref: idna_strerror69002
4363
- Node: TLD Functions70626
4364
- Ref: tld_check_4t72287
4365
- Ref: tld_check_4tz73220
4366
- Ref: tld_get_474106
4367
- Ref: tld_get_4z74628
4368
- Ref: tld_get_z75054
4369
- Ref: tld_get_table75571
4370
- Ref: tld_default_table76115
4371
- Ref: tld_check_476860
4372
- Ref: tld_check_4z78161
4373
- Ref: tld_check_8z79378
4374
- Ref: tld_check_lz80696
4375
- Ref: tld_strerror82085
4376
- Node: PR29 Functions82911
4377
- Ref: pr29_485207
4378
- Ref: pr29_4z85848
4379
- Ref: pr29_8z86382
4380
- Ref: pr29_strerror87055
4381
- Node: Examples87778
4382
- Node: Example 188231
4383
- Node: Example 290810
4384
- Node: Example 397429
4385
- Node: Example 499971
4386
- Node: Example 5102522
4387
- Node: Invoking idn106007
4388
- Node: Emacs API113480
4389
- Node: Java API116298
4390
- Node: C# API121470
4391
- Node: Acknowledgements121939
4392
- Node: History123041
4393
- Node: PR29 discussion124704
4394
- Node: On Label Separators128574
4395
- Ref: On Label Separators-Footnote-1131094
4396
- Node: Copying Information131193
4397
- Node: GNU Free Documentation License131459
4398
- Node: Function and Variable Index156772
4399
- Node: Concept Index161758
4400
- 
4401
- End Tag Table
4402
-
4403
- 
4404
- Local Variables:
4405
- coding: utf-8
4406
- End: