gitlab-cbor 1.0.0

data/ext/cbor/packer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+/*
+ * CBOR for Ruby
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Carsten Bormann
+ *
+ *    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
+ *
+ * Based on:
+ ***********/
+/*
+ * MessagePack for Ruby
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Sadayuki Furuhashi
+ *
+ *    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *    limitations under the License.
+ */
+#ifndef MSGPACK_RUBY_PACKER_H__
+#define MSGPACK_RUBY_PACKER_H__
+
+#include "buffer.h"
+
+#ifndef MSGPACK_PACKER_IO_FLUSH_THRESHOLD_TO_WRITE_STRING_BODY
+#define MSGPACK_PACKER_IO_FLUSH_THRESHOLD_TO_WRITE_STRING_BODY (1024)
+#endif
+
+struct msgpack_packer_t;
+typedef struct msgpack_packer_t msgpack_packer_t;
+
+struct msgpack_packer_t {
+    msgpack_buffer_t buffer;
+
+    VALUE io;
+    ID io_write_all_method;
+
+    ID to_msgpack_method;
+    VALUE to_msgpack_arg;
+
+    VALUE buffer_ref;
+};
+
+#define PACKER_BUFFER_(pk) (&(pk)->buffer)
+
+void msgpack_packer_static_init();
+
+void msgpack_packer_static_destroy();
+
+void msgpack_packer_init(msgpack_packer_t* pk);
+
+void msgpack_packer_destroy(msgpack_packer_t* pk);
+
+void msgpack_packer_mark(msgpack_packer_t* pk);
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_set_to_msgpack_method(msgpack_packer_t* pk,
+        ID to_msgpack_method, VALUE to_msgpack_arg)
+{
+    pk->to_msgpack_method = to_msgpack_method;
+    pk->to_msgpack_arg = to_msgpack_arg;
+}
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_set_io(msgpack_packer_t* pk, VALUE io, ID io_write_all_method)
+{
+    pk->io = io;
+    pk->io_write_all_method = io_write_all_method;
+}
+
+void msgpack_packer_reset(msgpack_packer_t* pk);
+
+
+static inline void cbor_encoder_write_head(msgpack_packer_t* pk, unsigned int ib, uint64_t n)
+{
+    if (n < 24) {
+        msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), 1);
+        msgpack_buffer_write_1(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), ib + (int)n);
+    } else if (n < 256) {
+        msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), 3);
+        msgpack_buffer_write_2(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), ib + 24, n);
+    } else if (n < 65536) {
+        msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), 3);
+        uint16_t be = _msgpack_be16(n);
+        msgpack_buffer_write_byte_and_data(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), ib + 25, (const void*)&be, 2);
+    } else if (n < 0x100000000LU) {
+        msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), 5);
+        uint32_t be = _msgpack_be32(n);
+        msgpack_buffer_write_byte_and_data(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), ib + 26, (const void*)&be, 4);
+    } else {
+        msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), 9);
+        uint64_t be = _msgpack_be64(n);
+        msgpack_buffer_write_byte_and_data(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), ib + 27, (const void*)&be, 8);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_nil(msgpack_packer_t* pk)
+{
+    msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), 1);
+    msgpack_buffer_write_1(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), IB_NIL);
+}
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_true(msgpack_packer_t* pk)
+{
+    msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), 1);
+    msgpack_buffer_write_1(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), IB_TRUE);
+}
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_false(msgpack_packer_t* pk)
+{
+    msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), 1);
+    msgpack_buffer_write_1(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), IB_FALSE);
+}
+
+static inline void _msgpack_packer_write_long_long64(msgpack_packer_t* pk, long long v)
+{
+  uint64_t ui = v >> 63;    // extend sign to whole length
+  int mt = ui & IB_NEGFLAG;          // extract major type
+  ui ^= v;                 // complement negatives
+  cbor_encoder_write_head(pk, mt, ui);
+}
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_long(msgpack_packer_t* pk, long v)
+{
+  _msgpack_packer_write_long_long64(pk, v);
+}
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_u64(msgpack_packer_t* pk, uint64_t v)
+{
+  cbor_encoder_write_head(pk, IB_UNSIGNED, v);
+}
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_double(msgpack_packer_t* pk, double v)
+{
+  float fv = v;
+  if (fv == v) {                /* 32 bits is enough and we aren't NaN */
+    union {
+        float f;
+        uint32_t u32;
+        char mem[4];
+    } castbuf = { fv };
+    int b32 = castbuf.u32;
+    if ((b32 & 0x1FFF) == 0) { /* worth trying half */
+      int s16 = (b32 >> 16) & 0x8000;
+      int exp = (b32 >> 23) & 0xff;
+      int mant = b32 & 0x7fffff;
+      if (exp == 0 && mant == 0)
+        ;              /* 0.0, -0.0 */
+      else if (exp >= 113 && exp <= 142) /* normalized */
+        s16 += ((exp - 112) << 10) + (mant >> 13);
+      else if (exp >= 103 && exp < 113) { /* denorm, exp16 = 0 */
+        if (mant & ((1 << (126 - exp)) - 1))
+          goto float32;         /* loss of precision */
+        s16 += ((mant + 0x800000) >> (126 - exp));
+      } else if (exp == 255 && mant == 0) { /* Inf */
+        s16 += 0x7c00;
+      } else
+        goto float32;           /* loss of range */
+      msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), 3);
+      uint16_t be = _msgpack_be16(s16);
+      msgpack_buffer_write_byte_and_data(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), IB_FLOAT2, (const void*)&be, 2);
+      return;
+    }
+  float32:
+    msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), 5);
+    castbuf.u32 = _msgpack_be_float(castbuf.u32);
+    msgpack_buffer_write_byte_and_data(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), IB_FLOAT4, castbuf.mem, 4);
+  } else {
+    union {
+        double d;
+        uint64_t u64;
+        char mem[8];
+    } castbuf = { v };
+    if (v != v && (castbuf.u64 & 0x1fffffffUL) == 0) { /* NaN && can narrow */
+      uint64_t sign = castbuf.u64 >> 63;
+      uint64_t mant = castbuf.u64 & 0xfffffffffffff; /* 52 bits */
+      if ((mant & 0x3ffffffffffUL) == 0) { /* 42 zero bits: narrow to f16 */
+        cbor_encoder_write_head(pk, 0xe0, sign << 15 | 0x7c00 | mant >> 42);
+      } else {                  /* 29 zero bits (checked above): narrow to f32 */
+        cbor_encoder_write_head(pk, 0xe0, sign << 31 | 0x7f800000 | mant >> 29);
+      }
+    } else {                    /* can't narrow */
+      msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), 9);
+      castbuf.u64 = _msgpack_be_double(castbuf.u64);
+      msgpack_buffer_write_byte_and_data(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), IB_FLOAT8, castbuf.mem, 8);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_array_header(msgpack_packer_t* pk, uint64_t n)
+{
+  cbor_encoder_write_head(pk, IB_ARRAY, n);
+}
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_map_header(msgpack_packer_t* pk, uint64_t n)
+{
+  cbor_encoder_write_head(pk, IB_MAP, n);
+}
+
+
+void _msgpack_packer_write_string_to_io(msgpack_packer_t* pk, VALUE string);
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_string_value(msgpack_packer_t* pk, VALUE v)
+{
+  int mt = IB_TEXT;                /* text string */
+#ifdef COMPAT_HAVE_ENCODING
+  int enc = ENCODING_GET(v);
+  if (enc == s_enc_ascii8bit) {
+    mt = IB_BYTES;
+  } else if (enc != s_enc_utf8 && enc != s_enc_usascii) {
+    if(!ENC_CODERANGE_ASCIIONLY(v)) {
+      v = rb_str_encode(v, s_enc_utf8_value, 0, Qnil);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  cbor_encoder_write_head(pk, mt, RSTRING_LEN(v));
+  msgpack_buffer_append_string(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), v);
+}
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_symbol_value(msgpack_packer_t* pk, VALUE v)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_SYM2STR
+    /* rb_sym2str is added since MRI 2.2.0 */
+    msgpack_packer_write_string_value(pk, rb_sym2str(v));
+#else
+    const char* name = rb_id2name(SYM2ID(v));
+    /* actual return type of strlen is size_t */
+    unsigned long len = strlen(name);
+    if(len > 0xffffffffUL) {
+        // TODO rb_eArgError?
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "size of symbol is too long to pack: %lu bytes should be <= %lu", len, 0xffffffffUL);
+    }
+    cbor_encoder_write_head(pk, IB_TEXT, len);
+    msgpack_buffer_append(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), name, len);
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_fixnum_value(msgpack_packer_t* pk, VALUE v)
+{
+#ifdef JRUBY
+    msgpack_packer_write_long(pk, FIXNUM_P(v) ? FIX2LONG(v) : rb_num2ll(v));
+#else
+    msgpack_packer_write_long(pk, FIX2LONG(v));
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_bignum_value(msgpack_packer_t* pk, VALUE v)
+{
+  long len;
+  int ib = IB_UNSIGNED;
+  if (!RBIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(v)) {
+    v = rb_funcall(v, rb_intern("~"), 0);  /* should be rb_big_neg(), but that is static. */
+    ib = IB_NEGATIVE;
+  }
+
+
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_INTEGER_UNPACK
+  len = rb_absint_size(v, NULL);
+
+  if (len > SIZEOF_LONG_LONG) {                  /* i.e., need real bignum */
+    msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), 1);
+    msgpack_buffer_write_1(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), IB_BIGNUM + IB_NEGFLAG_AS_BIT(ib));
+    cbor_encoder_write_head(pk, IB_BYTES, len);
+    msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), len);
+
+    char buf[len];              /* XXX */
+    if (rb_integer_pack(v, buf, len, 1, 0, INTEGER_PACK_BIG_ENDIAN) != 1)
+      rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "cbor rb_integer_pack() error");
+
+    msgpack_buffer_append(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), buf, len);
+
+#else
+
+  len = RBIGNUM_LEN(v);
+  if (len > SIZEOF_LONG_LONG/SIZEOF_BDIGITS) {
+    msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), 1);
+    msgpack_buffer_write_1(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), IB_BIGNUM + IB_NEGFLAG_AS_BIT(ib));
+    {
+#ifndef CANT_DO_BIGNUMS_FAST_ON_THIS_PLATFORM
+    BDIGIT *dp = RBIGNUM_DIGITS(v);
+    BDIGIT *de = dp + len;
+    int nbyte = (len - 1) * SIZEOF_BDIGITS;
+    int nbmsdig = 0;
+    BDIGIT msdig;
+    int i;
+    if ((msdig = de[-1]) == 0)  /* todo: check whether that occurs */
+      rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "cbor writing unnormalized bignum");
+    while (msdig) {     /* get number of significant bytes in msdig */
+      nbmsdig++;
+      msdig >>= 8;
+    }
+    nbyte += nbmsdig;
+    cbor_encoder_write_head(pk, IB_BYTES, nbyte);
+    msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), nbyte);
+    /* first digit: */
+    msdig = de[-1];
+    while (nbmsdig) {
+      --nbmsdig;
+      msgpack_buffer_write_1(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), msdig >> (nbmsdig << 3));
+    }
+    /* rest of the digits: */
+    for (i = 1; i < len; ++i) {
+      BDIGIT be = NTOHBDIGIT(de[-1-i]);
+      msgpack_buffer_append(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), (const void*)&be, SIZEOF_BDIGITS);
+    }
+#else
+    /* This is a slow workaround only... But a working one.*/
+    size_t nbyte;
+    VALUE hexval = rb_funcall(v, rb_intern("to_s"), 1, INT2FIX(16));
+    char *hp;
+    int i;
+    if (RSTRING_LEN(hexval) & 1)
+      rb_funcall(hexval, rb_intern("[]="), 3, INT2FIX(0), INT2FIX(0), rb_str_new("0", 1));
+    nbyte = RSTRING_LEN(hexval) >> 1;
+    hp = RSTRING_PTR(hexval);
+    cbor_encoder_write_head(pk, IB_BYTES, nbyte);
+    msgpack_buffer_ensure_writable(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), nbyte);
+    for (i = 0; i < nbyte; i++) {
+      int c;
+      sscanf(hp, "%2x", &c);
+      hp += 2;
+      msgpack_buffer_write_1(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), c);
+    }
+#endif
+    }
+#endif
+  } else {
+    cbor_encoder_write_head(pk, ib, rb_big2ull(v));
+  }
+
+#ifdef RB_GC_GUARD
+    RB_GC_GUARD(v);
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_float_value(msgpack_packer_t* pk, VALUE v)
+{
+    msgpack_packer_write_double(pk, rb_num2dbl(v));
+}
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_simple_value(msgpack_packer_t* pk, VALUE v)
+{
+  cbor_encoder_write_head(pk, IB_PRIM, FIX2LONG(rb_struct_aref(v, INT2FIX(0))));
+}
+
+void msgpack_packer_write_array_value(msgpack_packer_t* pk, VALUE v);
+
+void msgpack_packer_write_hash_value(msgpack_packer_t* pk, VALUE v);
+
+void msgpack_packer_write_value(msgpack_packer_t* pk, VALUE v);
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_tagged_value(msgpack_packer_t* pk, VALUE v)
+{
+  cbor_encoder_write_head(pk, IB_TAG, rb_num2ulong(rb_struct_aref(v, INT2FIX(0))));
+  msgpack_packer_write_value(pk, rb_struct_aref(v, INT2FIX(1)));
+}
+
+static inline void msgpack_packer_write_processed_value(msgpack_packer_t* pk, VALUE v, ID method, int tag)
+{
+  cbor_encoder_write_head(pk, IB_TAG, tag);
+  msgpack_packer_write_value(pk, rb_funcall(v, method, 0));
+}
+
+#endif
+

data/ext/cbor/packer_class.c

@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+/*
+ * CBOR for Ruby
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Carsten Bormann
+ *
+ *    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
+ *
+ * Based on:
+ ***********/
+/*
+ * MessagePack for Ruby
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Sadayuki Furuhashi
+ *
+ *    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *    limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "compat.h"
+#include "ruby.h"
+#include "packer.h"
+#include "packer_class.h"
+#include "buffer_class.h"
+
+VALUE cMessagePack_Packer;
+
+static ID s_to_msgpack;
+static ID s_write;
+
+//static VALUE s_packer_value;
+//static msgpack_packer_t* s_packer;
+
+static msgpack_packer_t* Packer_get(VALUE self);
+
+#define PACKER(from, name) \
+    msgpack_packer_t* name = Packer_get(from); \
+    if(name == NULL) { \
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "NULL found for " # name " when shouldn't be."); \
+    }
+
+static void Packer_mark(void* data)
+{
+    msgpack_packer_t* pk = data;
+    msgpack_packer_mark(pk);
+}
+
+static void Packer_free(void* data)
+{
+    msgpack_packer_t* pk = data;
+    if(pk == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+    msgpack_packer_destroy(pk);
+    xfree(pk);
+}
+
+#ifdef TypedData_Make_Struct
+static size_t Packer_memsize(const void* data)
+{
+    return data == NULL ? 0 : sizeof(msgpack_packer_t);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t packer_data_type = {
+    "CBOR::Packer",
+    {Packer_mark, Packer_free, Packer_memsize,},
+    NULL, NULL, 0
+};
+#endif
+
+static msgpack_packer_t* Packer_get(VALUE self)
+{
+    msgpack_packer_t* pk = NULL;
+#ifdef TypedData_Make_Struct
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, msgpack_packer_t, &packer_data_type, pk);
+#else
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, msgpack_packer_t, pk);
+#endif
+    return pk;
+}
+
+msgpack_packer_t* MessagePack_Packer_get(VALUE self)
+{
+    PACKER(self, pk);
+    return pk;
+}
+
+static VALUE Packer_alloc(VALUE klass)
+{
+    msgpack_packer_t* pk;
+    VALUE self;
+#ifdef TypedData_Make_Struct
+    self = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, msgpack_packer_t, &packer_data_type, pk);
+#else
+    self = Data_Make_Struct(klass, msgpack_packer_t, Packer_mark, Packer_free, pk);
+#endif
+    msgpack_packer_init(pk);
+
+    msgpack_packer_set_to_msgpack_method(pk, s_to_msgpack, self);
+    pk->buffer_ref = MessagePack_Buffer_wrap(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), self);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE Packer_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE io = Qnil;
+    VALUE options = Qnil;
+
+    if(argc == 0 || (argc == 1 && argv[0] == Qnil)) {
+        /* Qnil */
+
+    } else if(argc == 1) {
+        VALUE v = argv[0];
+        if(rb_type(v) == T_HASH) {
+            options = v;
+        } else {
+            io = v;
+        }
+
+    } else if(argc == 2) {
+        io = argv[0];
+        options = argv[1];
+        if(rb_type(options) != T_HASH) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "expected Hash but found %s.", rb_obj_classname(io));
+        }
+
+    } else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0..1)", argc);
+    }
+
+    PACKER(self, pk);
+    if(io != Qnil || options != Qnil) {
+        MessagePack_Buffer_initialize(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), io, options);
+    }
+
+    // TODO options
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE Packer_buffer(VALUE self)
+{
+    PACKER(self, pk);
+    return pk->buffer_ref;
+}
+
+static VALUE Packer_write(VALUE self, VALUE v)
+{
+    PACKER(self, pk);
+    msgpack_packer_write_value(pk, v);
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE Packer_write_nil(VALUE self)
+{
+    PACKER(self, pk);
+    msgpack_packer_write_nil(pk);
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE Packer_write_array_header(VALUE self, VALUE n)
+{
+    PACKER(self, pk);
+    msgpack_packer_write_array_header(pk, NUM2UINT(n));
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE Packer_write_map_header(VALUE self, VALUE n)
+{
+    PACKER(self, pk);
+    msgpack_packer_write_map_header(pk, NUM2UINT(n));
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE Packer_flush(VALUE self)
+{
+    PACKER(self, pk);
+    msgpack_buffer_flush(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk));
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE Packer_clear(VALUE self)
+{
+    PACKER(self, pk);
+    msgpack_buffer_clear(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk));
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE Packer_size(VALUE self)
+{
+    PACKER(self, pk);
+    size_t size = msgpack_buffer_all_readable_size(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk));
+    return SIZET2NUM(size);
+}
+
+static VALUE Packer_empty_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    PACKER(self, pk);
+    if(msgpack_buffer_top_readable_size(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk)) == 0) {
+        return Qtrue;
+    } else {
+        return Qfalse;
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE Packer_to_str(VALUE self)
+{
+    PACKER(self, pk);
+    return msgpack_buffer_all_as_string(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk));
+}
+
+static VALUE Packer_to_a(VALUE self)
+{
+    PACKER(self, pk);
+    return msgpack_buffer_all_as_string_array(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk));
+}
+
+static VALUE Packer_write_to(VALUE self, VALUE io)
+{
+    PACKER(self, pk);
+    size_t sz = msgpack_buffer_flush_to_io(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), io, s_write, true);
+    return ULONG2NUM(sz);
+}
+
+//static VALUE Packer_append(VALUE self, VALUE string_or_buffer)
+//{
+//    PACKER(self, pk);
+//
+//    // TODO if string_or_buffer is a Buffer
+//    VALUE string = string_or_buffer;
+//
+//    msgpack_buffer_append_string(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), string);
+//
+//    return self;
+//}
+
+VALUE MessagePack_pack(int argc, VALUE* argv)
+{
+    // TODO options
+
+    VALUE v;
+    VALUE io = Qnil;
+
+    switch(argc) {
+    case 2:
+        io = argv[1];
+        /* pass-through */
+    case 1:
+        v = argv[0];
+        break;
+    default:
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1..2)", argc);
+    }
+
+    VALUE self = Packer_alloc(cMessagePack_Packer);
+    PACKER(self, pk);
+    //msgpack_packer_reset(s_packer);
+    //msgpack_buffer_reset_io(PACKER_BUFFER_(s_packer));
+
+    if(io != Qnil) {
+        MessagePack_Buffer_initialize(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk), io, Qnil);
+    }
+
+    msgpack_packer_write_value(pk, v);
+
+    VALUE retval;
+    if(io != Qnil) {
+        msgpack_buffer_flush(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk));
+        retval = Qnil;
+    } else {
+        retval = msgpack_buffer_all_as_string(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk));
+    }
+
+    msgpack_buffer_clear(PACKER_BUFFER_(pk)); /* to free rmem before GC */
+
+#ifdef RB_GC_GUARD
+    /* This prevents compilers from optimizing out the `self` variable
+     * from stack. Otherwise GC free()s it. */
+    RB_GC_GUARD(self);
+#endif
+
+    return retval;
+}
+
+static VALUE MessagePack_dump_module_method(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE mod)
+{
+    UNUSED(mod);
+    return MessagePack_pack(argc, argv);
+}
+
+static VALUE MessagePack_pack_module_method(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE mod)
+{
+    UNUSED(mod);
+    return MessagePack_pack(argc, argv);
+}
+
+void MessagePack_Packer_module_init(VALUE mMessagePack)
+{
+    s_to_msgpack = rb_intern("to_cbor");
+    s_write = rb_intern("write");
+
+    msgpack_packer_static_init();
+
+    cMessagePack_Packer = rb_define_class_under(mMessagePack, "Packer", rb_cObject);
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(cMessagePack_Packer, Packer_alloc);
+
+    rb_define_method(cMessagePack_Packer, "initialize", Packer_initialize, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cMessagePack_Packer, "buffer", Packer_buffer, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cMessagePack_Packer, "write", Packer_write, 1);
+    rb_define_alias(cMessagePack_Packer, "pack", "write");
+    rb_define_method(cMessagePack_Packer, "write_nil", Packer_write_nil, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cMessagePack_Packer, "write_array_header", Packer_write_array_header, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cMessagePack_Packer, "write_map_header", Packer_write_map_header, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cMessagePack_Packer, "flush", Packer_flush, 0);
+
+    /* delegation methods */
+    rb_define_method(cMessagePack_Packer, "clear", Packer_clear, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cMessagePack_Packer, "size", Packer_size, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cMessagePack_Packer, "empty?", Packer_empty_p, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cMessagePack_Packer, "write_to", Packer_write_to, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cMessagePack_Packer, "to_str", Packer_to_str, 0);
+    rb_define_alias(cMessagePack_Packer, "to_s", "to_str");
+    rb_define_method(cMessagePack_Packer, "to_a", Packer_to_a, 0);
+    //rb_define_method(cMessagePack_Packer, "append", Packer_append, 1);
+    //rb_define_alias(cMessagePack_Packer, "<<", "append");
+
+    //s_packer_value = Packer_alloc(cMessagePack_Packer);
+    //rb_gc_register_address(&s_packer_value);
+    //Data_Get_Struct(s_packer_value, msgpack_packer_t, s_packer);
+
+    /* MessagePack.pack(x) */
+    rb_define_module_function(mMessagePack, "pack", MessagePack_pack_module_method, -1);
+    rb_define_module_function(mMessagePack, "encode", MessagePack_pack_module_method, -1);
+    rb_define_module_function(mMessagePack, "dump", MessagePack_dump_module_method, -1);
+}