geospatial 0.0.1 → 1.0.0

data/lib/geospatial/map.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# Copyright, 2016, by Samuel G. D. Williams. <http://www.codeotaku.com>
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+require_relative 'location'
+require_relative 'box'
+require_relative 'filter'
+require_relative 'hilbert/traverse'
+
+module Geospatial
+	# A point is a location on a map with a specific hash representation based on the map. A point might store multi-dimentional data (e.g. longitude, latitude, time) which is hashed to a single column.
+	class Point
+		def initialize(map, coordinates, object = nil)
+			@map = map
+			@coordinates = coordinates
+			@object = object
+		end
+		
+		attr :object
+		
+		def [] index
+			@coordinates[index]
+		end
+		
+		def []= index, value
+			@coordinates[index] = value
+		end
+		
+		attr :coordinates
+		
+		def eql?(other)
+			self.class.eql?(other.class) and @coordinates.eql?(other.coordinates)
+		end
+		
+		def hash
+			@hash ||= @map.hash_for_coordinates(@coordinates).freeze
+		end
+	end
+	
+	class Map
+		def self.for_earth(order = 20)
+			self.new(Hilbert::Curve.new(Dimensions.for_earth, order))
+		end
+		
+		def initialize(curve)
+			@curve = curve
+			@points = []
+			@bounds = nil
+		end
+		
+		def order
+			@curve.order
+		end
+		
+		def bounds
+			unless @bounds
+				origin = @curve.origin
+				size = @curve.size
+				
+				@bounds = Box.new(origin, size)
+			end
+			
+			return @bounds
+		end
+		
+		attr :points
+		
+		def hash_for_coordinates(coordinates)
+			@curve.map(coordinates)
+		end
+		
+		def point_for_hash(hash)
+			Point.new(self, @curve.unmap(hash))
+		end
+		
+		def point_for_coordinates(coordinates, object = nil)
+			Point.new(self, coordinates, object)
+		end
+		
+		def point_for_object(object)
+			Point.new(self, object.to_a, object)
+		end
+		
+		def << object
+			@points << point_for_coordinates(object.to_a, object)
+			
+			return self
+		end
+		
+		def count
+			@points.count
+		end
+		
+		def sort!
+			@points.sort_by!(&:hash)
+		end
+		
+		def query(region, **options)
+			filter = filter_for(region, **options)
+			
+			return filter.apply(@points).map(&:object)
+		end
+		
+		def traverse(region, depth: 0)
+			@curve.traverse do |child_origin, child_size, prefix, order|
+				child = Box.new(Vector.elements(child_origin), Vector.elements(child_size))
+				
+				# puts "Considering (order=#{order}) #{child.inspect}..."
+				
+				if region.intersect?(child)
+					if order == depth # at bottom
+						# puts "at bottom -> found prefix #{prefix.to_s(2)} (#{child.inspect})"
+						yield(child, prefix, order); :skip
+					elsif region.include?(child)
+						# puts "include child -> found prefix #{prefix.to_s(2)} (#{child.inspect})"
+						yield(child, prefix, order); :skip
+					else
+						# puts "going deeper..."
+					end
+				else
+					# puts "out of bounds."
+					:skip
+				end
+			end
+		end
+		
+		def filter_for(region, **options)
+			filter = Filter.new
+			
+			traverse(region, **options) do |child, prefix, order|
+				filter.add(prefix, order)
+			end
+			
+			return filter
+		end
+	end
+end

data/lib/geospatial/polygon.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+# Copyright, 2016, by Samuel G. D. Williams. <http://www.codeotaku.com>
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+require_relative 'box'
+
+module Geospatial
+	class Polygon
+		def self.[] *points
+			self.new(points)
+		end
+		
+		def initialize(points)
+			@points = points
+			@box = nil
+		end
+		
+		def to_s
+			"#{self.class}#{@points.inspect}"
+		end
+		
+		def bounding_box
+			@bounding_box ||= Box.enclosing_points(@points)
+		end
+		
+		def freeze
+			@points.freeze
+			bounding_box.freeze
+			
+			super
+		end
+		
+		def edges
+			return to_enum(:edges) unless block_given?
+			
+			previous = @points.last
+			@points.each do |point|
+				yield previous, point
+				previous = point
+			end
+		end
+		
+		def self.is_left(p0, p1, p2)
+			a = p1 - p0
+			b = p2 - p0
+			
+			return (a[0] * b[1]) - (b[0] * a[1])
+		end
+		
+		# Test a 2D point for inclusion in the polygon.
+		# @param [Vector] p The point to test.
+		# @return [Number] The number of times the polygon winds around the point (0 if outside).
+		def winding_number(p)
+			count = 0
+			
+			edges.each do |pa, pb|
+				if pa[1] <= p[1] 
+					if pb[1] >= p[1] and Polygon.is_left(pa, pb, p) > 0
+						count += 1
+					end
+				else
+					if pb[1] <= p[1] and Polygon.is_left(pa, pb, p) < 0
+						count -= 1
+					end
+				end
+				
+			end
+			
+			return count
+		end
+		
+		def include_point?(point)
+			return false unless bounding_box.include_point?(point)
+			
+			self.winding_number(point) == 1
+		end
+		
+		def intersect_with_box?(other)
+			return true if @points.any?{|point| other.include_point?(point)}
+			
+			return true if other.corners.any?{|corner| self.include_point?(corner)}
+			
+			return false
+		end
+		
+		def intersect?(other)
+			case other
+			when Box
+				intersect_with_box?(other)
+			when Circle
+				intersect_with_circle?(other)
+			end
+		end
+		
+		def include?(other)
+			other.corners.all?{|corner| self.include_point?(corner)}
+		end
+	end
+end

data/lib/geospatial/version.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,23 @@
+# Copyright, 2015, by Samuel G. D. Williams. <http://www.codeotaku.com>
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
 module Geospatial
-	VERSION = "0.0.1"
+	VERSION = "1.0.0"
 end

data/lib/geospatial.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,23 @@
-require "geospatial/version"
+# Copyright, 2015, by Samuel G. D. Williams. <http://www.codeotaku.com>
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
 
-module Geospatial
-end
+require_relative "geospatial/version"
+
+require_relative "geospatial/location"

data/spec/geospatial/box_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Copyright, 2015, by Samuel G. D. Williams. <http://www.codeotaku.com>
+# 
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+# 
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+# 
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+require 'geospatial/map'
+
+module Geospatial::BoxSpec
+	describe Geospatial::Box do
+		let(:square) {Geospatial::Box.new(Vector[-1, -1], Vector[2, 2])}
+		
+		# it "convert to integral" do
+		# 	expect(square.to_integral([-1, -1], 4)).to be == [0, 0]
+		# end
+		# 
+		# it "convert from integral" do
+		# 	expect(square.from_integral([0, 0], 4)).to be == [-1, -1]
+		# end
+		
+		let(:new_zealand) {Geospatial::Box.from_bounds(Vector[166.0, -48.0], Vector[180.0, -34.0])}
+		let(:child) {Geospatial::Box.new(Vector[135.0, -67.5], Vector[45.0, 22.5])}
+		
+		it "should intersect" do
+			expect(new_zealand).to be_intersect(child)
+		end
+	end
+end

data/spec/geospatial/circle_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Copyright, 2015, by Samuel G. D. Williams. <http://www.codeotaku.com>
+# 
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+# 
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+# 
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+require 'geospatial/circle'
+require_relative 'visualization'
+
+RSpec.describe Geospatial::Circle do
+	let(:lake_tekapo) {Geospatial::Location.new(170.53, -43.89)}
+	let(:lake_alex) {Geospatial::Location.new(170.45, -43.94)}
+	let(:sydney) {Geospatial::Location.new(151.21, -33.85)}
+	
+	let(:new_zealand) {Geospatial::Box.from_bounds(Vector[166.0, -48.0], Vector[180.0, -34.0])}
+	let(:australia) {Geospatial::Box.from_bounds(Vector[112.0, -45.0], Vector[155.0, -10.0])}
+	
+	let(:circle_lake_tekapo) {Geospatial::Circle.new(lake_tekapo, 10_000)}
+	let(:circle_lake_alex) {Geospatial::Circle.new(lake_tekapo, 10_000)}
+	let(:circle_sydney) {Geospatial::Circle.new(sydney, 10_000)}
+	let(:circle_new_zealand) {Geospatial::Circle.new(lake_tekapo, 1_000_000)}
+	
+	it "should intersect circles" do
+		expect(circle_lake_tekapo).to be_intersect(circle_lake_alex)
+	end
+	
+	it "should not intersect distant circles" do
+		expect(circle_lake_tekapo).to_not be_intersect(circle_sydney)
+	end
+	
+	it "should include circles" do
+		expect(circle_new_zealand).to be_include(circle_lake_tekapo)
+		expect(circle_new_zealand).to be_include(circle_lake_alex)
+	end
+	
+	it "should not include distant circles" do
+		expect(circle_new_zealand).to_not be_include(circle_sydney)
+	end
+	
+	it "can generate visualisation" do
+		map = Geospatial::Map.for_earth
+		
+		map << lake_tekapo
+		
+		circle = Geospatial::Circle.new(lake_tekapo, 100_000)
+		
+		Geospatial::Visualization.for_map(map) do |pdf, origin|
+			#count = 0
+			map.traverse(circle, depth: map.order - 10) do |child, prefix, order|
+				#count += 1
+				size = child.size
+				top_left = (origin + child.min) + Vector[0, size[1]]
+				pdf.rectangle(top_left.to_a, *size.to_a)
+				# puts "#{top_left.to_a} #{size.to_a}"
+			end
+			
+			#puts "count=#{count}"
+			
+			pdf.fill_and_stroke
+		end.render_file "circle.pdf"
+	end
+end

data/spec/geospatial/dimensions_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Copyright, 2015, by Samuel G. D. Williams. <http://www.codeotaku.com>
+# 
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+# 
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+# 
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+require 'geospatial/dimensions'
+
+RSpec.describe Geospatial::Dimension.new(-180.0, 360.0) do
+	it "should map values" do
+		expect(subject.map(-180)).to be == 0.0
+		expect(subject.map(0)).to be == 0.5
+		expect(subject.map(180)).to be == 1.0
+	end
+	
+	it "should unmap values" do
+		expect(subject.unmap(0.0)).to be == -180
+		expect(subject.unmap(0.5)).to be == 0
+		expect(subject.unmap(1.0)).to be == 180
+	end
+end

data/spec/geospatial/hilbert_curve_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Copyright, 2016, by Samuel G. D. Williams. <http://www.codeotaku.com>
+# 
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+# 
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+# 
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+require 'geospatial/location'
+require 'geospatial/hilbert/curve'
+
+RSpec.shared_examples_for "invertible function" do |input|
+	it "should round-trip coordinates" do
+		mapped = subject.map(input)
+		output = subject.unmap(mapped)
+		
+		input.each_with_index do |value, index|
+			expect(output[index]).to be_within(tolerance).of(value)
+		end
+	end
+end
+
+RSpec.shared_context "earth invertible curve" do
+	it_behaves_like "invertible function", [-180, -90]
+	it_behaves_like "invertible function", [0, 0]
+	it_behaves_like "invertible function", [179, 89]
+	
+	it_behaves_like "invertible function", [170.53, -43.89]
+end
+
+RSpec.describe Geospatial::Hilbert::Curve.new(Geospatial::Dimensions.for_earth, 6) do
+	let(:tolerance) {10.0}
+	
+	include_context "earth invertible curve"
+end
+
+RSpec.describe Geospatial::Hilbert::Curve.new(Geospatial::Dimensions.for_earth, 8) do
+	let(:tolerance) {1.0}
+	
+	include_context "earth invertible curve"
+end
+
+RSpec.describe Geospatial::Hilbert::Curve.new(Geospatial::Dimensions.for_earth, 32) do
+	let(:tolerance) {0.000001}
+	
+	include_context "earth invertible curve"
+end

data/spec/geospatial/hilbert_traverse_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+
+require 'geospatial/hilbert/traverse'
+
+require_relative 'sorted'
+
+RSpec.describe Geospatial::Hilbert::Curve do
+	let(:dimensions) {Geospatial::Dimensions.from_ranges(0..4, 0..4)}
+	subject {Geospatial::Hilbert::Curve.new(dimensions, 2)}
+	
+	it "traverses and generates all prefixes" do
+		items = subject.traverse.to_a
+		
+		# 4 items of order 1, 16 items of order 0.
+		expect(items.size).to be == (4 + 16)
+		
+		expect(items[0]).to be == [[0, 0], [2, 2], 0b0000, 1]
+		expect(items[1]).to be == [[0, 0], [1, 1], 0b0000, 0]
+		expect(items[2]).to be == [[1, 0], [1, 1], 0b0001, 0]
+		expect(items[3]).to be == [[1, 1], [1, 1], 0b0010, 0]
+		expect(items[4]).to be == [[0, 1], [1, 1], 0b0011, 0]
+
+		expect(items[5]).to be == [[0, 2], [2, 2], 0b0100, 1]
+		expect(items[6]).to be == [[0, 2], [1, 1], 0b0100, 0]
+		expect(items[7]).to be == [[0, 3], [1, 1], 0b0101, 0]
+		expect(items[8]).to be == [[1, 3], [1, 1], 0b0110, 0]
+		expect(items[9]).to be == [[1, 2], [1, 1], 0b0111, 0]
+		
+		expect(items[10]).to be == [[2, 2], [2, 2], 0b1000, 1]
+		expect(items[11]).to be == [[2, 2], [1, 1], 0b1000, 0]
+		expect(items[12]).to be == [[2, 3], [1, 1], 0b1001, 0]
+		expect(items[13]).to be == [[3, 3], [1, 1], 0b1010, 0]
+		expect(items[14]).to be == [[3, 2], [1, 1], 0b1011, 0]
+		
+		# This result here might seem a bit unexpected, but it's correct. For a 2-dimentional curve, the origin of the quadrant isn't always the same as the origin of the curve in that region. If you draw a 2D curve of order 2, you will see that the origin of the first 3 sub-curves is in the bottom left, but the last sub-curve has it's origin in the top right.
+		expect(items[15]).to be == [[2, 0], [2, 2], 0b1100, 1]
+		expect(items[16]).to be == [[3, 1], [1, 1], 0b1100, 0]
+		expect(items[17]).to be == [[2, 1], [1, 1], 0b1101, 0]
+		expect(items[18]).to be == [[2, 0], [1, 1], 0b1110, 0]
+		expect(items[19]).to be == [[3, 0], [1, 1], 0b1111, 0]
+		
+		prefixes = items.collect{|item| item[2]}
+		expect(prefixes).to be_sorted
+	end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe Geospatial::Hilbert::Curve do
+	let(:order) {4}
+	let(:divisions) {2**order}
+	let(:dimensions) {Geospatial::Dimensions.from_ranges(0..divisions, 0..divisions)}
+	subject {Geospatial::Hilbert::Curve.new(dimensions, order)}
+	
+	it "traverses and generates valid matching hashes" do
+		subject.traverse do |origin, size, prefix, depth|
+			if depth == 0
+				index = Geospatial::OrdinalIndex.new(origin.collect(&:to_i), order).to_hilbert
+				
+				# puts "Child origin=#{origin.inspect} prefix=#{prefix.to_s(2)} order=#{order}"
+				
+				expect(prefix).to be == index.to_i
+			end
+		end
+	end
+end