geodetic 0.1.0 → 0.3.0

data/docs/coordinate-systems/index.md

@@ -1,56 +1,59 @@
 # Coordinate Systems Overview
 
-The Geodetic gem supports 15 coordinate systems organized into six categories. All coordinate classes live under `Geodetic::Coordinates`.
+The Geodetic gem supports 18 coordinate systems organized into six categories. All coordinate classes live under `Geodetic::Coordinate`.
 
 ## Global Systems
 
 | System | Class | Description |
 |--------|-------|-------------|
-| **LLA** | `Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA` | Latitude, Longitude, Altitude. The most common geographic coordinate system, expressing positions in decimal degrees with altitude in meters. Negative longitude is the Western hemisphere; negative latitude is the Southern hemisphere. |
-| **ECEF** | `Geodetic::Coordinates::ECEF` | Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed. A Cartesian coordinate system with the origin at the Earth's center of mass. Positions are expressed as X, Y, Z in meters. Commonly used in satellite navigation and aerospace applications. |
-| **UTM** | `Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM` | Universal Transverse Mercator. Divides the Earth into 60 zones (each 6 degrees of longitude), projecting positions as easting/northing in meters within a zone and hemisphere. Covers latitudes 80S to 84N. |
+| **LLA** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA` | Latitude, Longitude, Altitude. The most common geographic coordinate system, expressing positions in decimal degrees with altitude in meters. Negative longitude is the Western hemisphere; negative latitude is the Southern hemisphere. |
+| **ECEF** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::ECEF` | Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed. A Cartesian coordinate system with the origin at the Earth's center of mass. Positions are expressed as X, Y, Z in meters. Commonly used in satellite navigation and aerospace applications. |
+| **UTM** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM` | Universal Transverse Mercator. Divides the Earth into 60 zones (each 6 degrees of longitude), projecting positions as easting/northing in meters within a zone and hemisphere. Covers latitudes 80S to 84N. |
 
 ## Local Tangent Plane Systems
 
 | System | Class | Description |
 |--------|-------|-------------|
-| **ENU** | `Geodetic::Coordinates::ENU` | East, North, Up. A local tangent plane coordinate system centered on a reference point. Axes point East, North, and Up relative to the reference. Distances are in meters. Used in robotics, surveying, and local navigation. |
-| **NED** | `Geodetic::Coordinates::NED` | North, East, Down. A local tangent plane coordinate system centered on a reference point. Axes point North, East, and Down. Used extensively in aerospace and aviation applications. Mathematically related to ENU by axis reordering and sign inversion. |
+| **ENU** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::ENU` | East, North, Up. A local tangent plane coordinate system centered on a reference point. Axes point East, North, and Up relative to the reference. Distances are in meters. Used in robotics, surveying, and local navigation. |
+| **NED** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::NED` | North, East, Down. A local tangent plane coordinate system centered on a reference point. Axes point North, East, and Down. Used extensively in aerospace and aviation applications. Mathematically related to ENU by axis reordering and sign inversion. |
 
 ## Military and Grid Systems
 
 | System | Class | Description |
 |--------|-------|-------------|
-| **MGRS** | `Geodetic::Coordinates::MGRS` | Military Grid Reference System. An alphanumeric system based on UTM that identifies positions using grid zone designator, 100km square identifier, and numeric easting/northing. Variable precision from 10km down to 1m. |
-| **USNG** | `Geodetic::Coordinates::USNG` | United States National Grid. Based on MGRS but formatted with spaces for readability. Used primarily within the United States for emergency services and land management. |
+| **MGRS** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::MGRS` | Military Grid Reference System. An alphanumeric system based on UTM that identifies positions using grid zone designator, 100km square identifier, and numeric easting/northing. Variable precision from 10km down to 1m. |
+| **USNG** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::USNG` | United States National Grid. Based on MGRS but formatted with spaces for readability. Used primarily within the United States for emergency services and land management. |
 
 ## Web Mapping
 
 | System | Class | Description |
 |--------|-------|-------------|
-| **WebMercator** | `Geodetic::Coordinates::WebMercator` | Web Mercator (EPSG:3857). Also known as Pseudo-Mercator or Spherical Mercator. The projection used by Google Maps, OpenStreetMap, and Bing Maps. Positions are X/Y in meters. Latitude is clamped to approximately +/-85.05 degrees. Includes tile and pixel coordinate methods for web mapping applications. |
+| **WebMercator** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::WebMercator` | Web Mercator (EPSG:3857). Also known as Pseudo-Mercator or Spherical Mercator. The projection used by Google Maps, OpenStreetMap, and Bing Maps. Positions are X/Y in meters. Latitude is clamped to approximately +/-85.05 degrees. Includes tile and pixel coordinate methods for web mapping applications. |
 
 ## Polar
 
 | System | Class | Description |
 |--------|-------|-------------|
-| **UPS** | `Geodetic::Coordinates::UPS` | Universal Polar Stereographic. Covers the polar regions not handled by UTM (north of 84N and south of 80S). Uses a stereographic projection centered on each pole with zones Y/Z (north) and A/B (south). |
+| **UPS** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::UPS` | Universal Polar Stereographic. Covers the polar regions not handled by UTM (north of 84N and south of 80S). Uses a stereographic projection centered on each pole with zones Y/Z (north) and A/B (south). |
 
 ## Spatial Hashing
 
 | System | Class | Description |
 |--------|-------|-------------|
-| **GH36** | `Geodetic::Coordinates::GH36` | Geohash-36. A hierarchical spatial hashing algorithm that encodes latitude/longitude into a compact, URL-friendly string using a case-sensitive 36-character alphabet (radix-36). Each hash represents a rectangular cell; the coordinate value is the cell midpoint. Supports neighbor lookup, area extraction via `to_area`, and configurable precision (default 10 characters for sub-meter resolution). |
-| **GH** | `Geodetic::Coordinates::GH` | Geohash (base-32). The standard geohash algorithm by Gustavo Niemeyer using a 32-character alphabet (`0-9, b-z` excluding `a, i, l, o`). The de facto standard for spatial hashing, natively supported by Elasticsearch, Redis, PostGIS, and many geocoding services. Supports neighbor lookup, area extraction, and configurable precision (default 12 characters for sub-centimeter resolution). |
-| **HAM** | `Geodetic::Coordinates::HAM` | Maidenhead Locator System. A hierarchical grid system used worldwide in amateur radio that encodes positions using alternating letter/digit pairs (e.g., `FN31pr`). Four levels of precision: Field (18x18), Square (10x10), Subsquare (24x24), Extended (10x10). Supports neighbor lookup, area extraction, and configurable precision (default 6 characters for ~5 km resolution). |
-| **OLC** | `Geodetic::Coordinates::OLC` | Open Location Code (Plus Codes). Google's open system for encoding locations into short codes like `849VCWC8+R9`. Uses a 20-character alphabet with 5 paired levels of base-20 encoding plus optional grid refinement. Includes a `+` separator at position 8. Supports neighbor lookup, area extraction, and configurable precision (default 10 characters for ~14 m resolution). |
+| **GH36** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::GH36` | Geohash-36. A hierarchical spatial hashing algorithm that encodes latitude/longitude into a compact, URL-friendly string using a case-sensitive 36-character alphabet (radix-36). Each hash represents a rectangular cell; the coordinate value is the cell midpoint. Supports neighbor lookup, area extraction via `to_area`, and configurable precision (default 10 characters for sub-meter resolution). |
+| **GH** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::GH` | Geohash (base-32). The standard geohash algorithm by Gustavo Niemeyer using a 32-character alphabet (`0-9, b-z` excluding `a, i, l, o`). The de facto standard for spatial hashing, natively supported by Elasticsearch, Redis, PostGIS, and many geocoding services. Supports neighbor lookup, area extraction, and configurable precision (default 12 characters for sub-centimeter resolution). |
+| **HAM** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::HAM` | Maidenhead Locator System. A hierarchical grid system used worldwide in amateur radio that encodes positions using alternating letter/digit pairs (e.g., `FN31pr`). Four levels of precision: Field (18x18), Square (10x10), Subsquare (24x24), Extended (10x10). Supports neighbor lookup, area extraction, and configurable precision (default 6 characters for ~5 km resolution). |
+| **OLC** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::OLC` | Open Location Code (Plus Codes). Google's open system for encoding locations into short codes like `849VCWC8+R9`. Uses a 20-character alphabet with 5 paired levels of base-20 encoding plus optional grid refinement. Includes a `+` separator at position 8. Supports neighbor lookup, area extraction, and configurable precision (default 10 characters for ~14 m resolution). |
+| **GEOREF** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::GEOREF` | World Geographic Reference System. A geocode system used in aviation and military applications that encodes positions using letter tiles (15° grid), letter degree subdivisions, and numeric minute pairs. Uses a 24-letter alphabet (A-Z excluding I and O). Supports variable precision from 15° tiles (2 chars) down to 0.01-minute resolution (12 chars). Default precision is 8 characters (1-minute resolution). |
+| **GARS** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::GARS` | Global Area Reference System. An NGA standard that divides the world into 30-minute cells identified by a 3-digit longitude band (001-720) and 2-letter latitude band. Cells are subdivided into 15-minute quadrants (1-4) and 5-minute keypads (1-9, telephone layout). Variable precision: 5 chars (30'), 6 chars (15'), 7 chars (5'). Default precision is 7 characters. |
+| **H3** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::H3` | H3 Hexagonal Hierarchical Index. Uber's spatial indexing system that divides the globe into hexagonal cells (and 12 pentagons) at 16 resolution levels (0-15). Each cell is a 64-bit integer displayed as a hex string. Unlike the rectangular spatial hashes, `to_area` returns an `Areas::Polygon` with 6 vertices (5 for pentagons) and `neighbors` returns an Array of 6 cells. **Requires `libh3` installed** (`brew install h3` on macOS). |
 
 ## Regional Systems
 
 | System | Class | Description |
 |--------|-------|-------------|
-| **StatePlane** | `Geodetic::Coordinates::StatePlane` | State Plane Coordinate System. US state-based coordinate systems using Lambert Conformal Conic or Transverse Mercator projections. Each state has one or more zones with specific parameters. Coordinates are typically in US Survey Feet. |
-| **BNG** | `Geodetic::Coordinates::BNG` | British National Grid. The official coordinate system for Great Britain, based on the OSGB36 datum with the Airy 1830 ellipsoid. Uses a Transverse Mercator projection and an alphanumeric grid reference system (e.g., "TQ 30 80"). |
+| **StatePlane** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::StatePlane` | State Plane Coordinate System. US state-based coordinate systems using Lambert Conformal Conic or Transverse Mercator projections. Each state has one or more zones with specific parameters. Coordinates are typically in US Survey Feet. |
+| **BNG** | `Geodetic::Coordinate::BNG` | British National Grid. The official coordinate system for Great Britain, based on the OSGB36 datum with the Airy 1830 ellipsoid. Uses a Transverse Mercator projection and an alphanumeric grid reference system (e.g., "TQ 30 80"). |
 
 ---
 
@@ -58,23 +61,26 @@ The Geodetic gem supports 15 coordinate systems organized into six categories. A
 
 Every coordinate system can convert to every other coordinate system. The table below confirms full interoperability:
 
-| From \ To | LLA | ECEF | UTM | ENU | NED | MGRS | USNG | WebMercator | UPS | StatePlane | BNG | GH36 | GH | HAM | OLC |
-|-----------|-----|------|-----|-----|-----|------|------|-------------|-----|------------|-----|------|----|----|-----|
-| **LLA**        | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
-| **ECEF**       | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
-| **UTM**        | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
-| **ENU**        | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
-| **NED**        | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
-| **MGRS**       | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
-| **USNG**       | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
-| **WebMercator**| Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
-| **UPS**        | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
-| **StatePlane** | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
-| **BNG**        | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y |
-| **GH36**       | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y |
-| **GH**         | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | -- | Y | Y |
-| **HAM**        | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | -- | Y |
-| **OLC**        | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | -- |
+| From \ To | LLA | ECEF | UTM | ENU | NED | MGRS | USNG | WebMercator | UPS | StatePlane | BNG | GH36 | GH | HAM | OLC | GEOREF | GARS | H3 |
+|-----------|-----|------|-----|-----|-----|------|------|-------------|-----|------------|-----|------|----|----|-----|--------|------|-----|
+| **LLA**        | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
+| **ECEF**       | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
+| **UTM**        | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
+| **ENU**        | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
+| **NED**        | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
+| **MGRS**       | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
+| **USNG**       | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
+| **WebMercator**| Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
+| **UPS**        | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
+| **StatePlane** | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
+| **BNG**        | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
+| **GH36**       | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | --  | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
+| **GH**         | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | -- | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
+| **HAM**        | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | -- | Y | Y | Y | Y |
+| **OLC**        | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | -- | Y | Y | Y |
+| **GEOREF**     | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | -- | Y | Y |
+| **GARS**       | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | -- | Y |
+| **H3**         | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | -- |
 
 ## Universal Distance and Bearing Calculations
 
@@ -94,6 +100,6 @@ Conversions typically route through **LLA** or **ECEF** as intermediate steps:
 - **ECEF** is the intermediate for local tangent plane systems (ENU, NED), since the rotation from global Cartesian to local frames is straightforward in ECEF.
 - **ENU and NED** convert between each other directly by reordering axes and inverting the vertical component.
 - **MGRS and USNG** route through UTM, which in turn routes through LLA.
-- **WebMercator, UPS, BNG, StatePlane, GH36, GH, HAM, and OLC** all convert through LLA.
+- **WebMercator, UPS, BNG, StatePlane, GH36, GH, HAM, OLC, GEOREF, GARS, and H3** all convert through LLA.
 
 For example, converting from BNG to NED follows the chain: `BNG -> LLA -> ECEF -> ENU -> NED`. The gem handles this automatically when you call a conversion method.

data/docs/coordinate-systems/lla.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA
+# Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA
 
 Latitude, Longitude, Altitude -- the most common geodetic coordinate system. Represents a position on (or above/below) the Earth's surface using angular degrees and a height in meters above the WGS84 reference ellipsoid.
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ LLA is the **hub class** in the Geodetic library. It can convert directly to all
 ## Constructor
 
 ```ruby
-Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 0.0, lng: 0.0, alt: 0.0)
+Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 0.0, lng: 0.0, alt: 0.0)
 ```
 
 | Parameter | Type  | Default | Description                                |
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ All conversion methods accept an optional `datum` parameter (defaults to `Geodet
 Converts to Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed Cartesian coordinates.
 
 ```ruby
-lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 17.0)
+lla = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 17.0)
 ecef = lla.to_ecef
-# => Geodetic::Coordinates::ECEF
+# => Geodetic::Coordinate::ECEF
 ```
 
 ### LLA.from_ecef(ecef, datum = WGS84)
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Converts to Universal Transverse Mercator coordinates. The UTM zone and hemisphe
 
 ```ruby
 utm = lla.to_utm
-# => Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM
+# => Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM
 ```
 
 ### LLA.from_utm(utm, datum = WGS84)
@@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ Creates an LLA from a UTM instance. Raises `ArgumentError` if the argument is no
 Converts to East-North-Up local tangent plane coordinates relative to a reference LLA position.
 
 ```ruby
-origin = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 17.0)
-point  = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 38.8987, lng: -77.0355, alt: 20.0)
+origin = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 17.0)
+point  = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 38.8987, lng: -77.0355, alt: 20.0)
 enu = point.to_enu(origin)
-# => Geodetic::Coordinates::ENU
+# => Geodetic::Coordinate::ENU
 ```
 
 Raises `ArgumentError` if `reference_lla` is not an `LLA`.
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Converts to North-East-Down local tangent plane coordinates relative to a refere
 
 ```ruby
 ned = point.to_ned(origin)
-# => Geodetic::Coordinates::NED
+# => Geodetic::Coordinate::NED
 ```
 
 Raises `ArgumentError` if `reference_lla` is not an `LLA`.
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Creates an LLA from a NED instance and a reference LLA origin. Raises `ArgumentE
 Returns a comma-separated string of `lat, lng, alt`.
 
 ```ruby
-lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 17.0)
+lla = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 17.0)
 lla.to_s
 # => "38.8977, -77.0365, 17.0"
 ```
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ lla.to_a
 Parses a comma-separated string into an LLA.
 
 ```ruby
-lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.from_string("38.8977, -77.0365, 17.0")
+lla = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.from_string("38.8977, -77.0365, 17.0")
 ```
 
 ### LLA.from_array(array)
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.from_string("38.8977, -77.0365, 17.0")
 Creates an LLA from a three-element array `[lat, lng, alt]`.
 
 ```ruby
-lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.from_array([38.8977, -77.0365, 17.0])
+lla = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.from_array([38.8977, -77.0365, 17.0])
 ```
 
 ### to_dms
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.from_array([38.8977, -77.0365, 17.0])
 Converts to a Degrees-Minutes-Seconds string with hemisphere indicators and altitude.
 
 ```ruby
-lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 17.0)
+lla = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 17.0)
 lla.to_dms
 # => "38° 53' 51.72\" N, 77° 2' 11.40\" W, 17.00 m"
 ```
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ DD° MM' SS.ss" N/S, DDD° MM' SS.ss" E/W[, altitude m]
 The altitude portion is optional and defaults to `0.0`.
 
 ```ruby
-lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.from_dms("38° 53' 51.72\" N, 77° 2' 11.40\" W, 17.0 m")
+lla = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.from_dms("38° 53' 51.72\" N, 77° 2' 11.40\" W, 17.0 m")
 ```
 
 Raises `ArgumentError` if the string does not match the expected format.
@@ -178,8 +178,8 @@ Compares two LLA instances for approximate equality. Returns `true` if:
 Returns `false` if `other` is not an `LLA`.
 
 ```ruby
-a = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 17.0)
-b = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 17.0)
+a = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 17.0)
+b = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 17.0)
 a == b
 # => true
 ```
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Converts to Geohash-36 coordinates with configurable precision.
 ```ruby
 gh36 = lla.to_gh36
 gh36 = lla.to_gh36(precision: 5)    # coarser precision
-# => Geodetic::Coordinates::GH36
+# => Geodetic::Coordinate::GH36
 ```
 
 ### LLA.from_gh36(gh36_coord, datum = WGS84)
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ gh36 = lla.to_gh36(precision: 5)    # coarser precision
 Creates an LLA from a GH36 instance. Returns the midpoint of the geohash cell.
 
 ```ruby
-lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.from_gh36(gh36)
+lla = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.from_gh36(gh36)
 ```
 
 ## GeoidHeightSupport Mixin
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ LLA includes the `Geodetic::GeoidHeightSupport` module, which provides methods f
 Returns the geoid undulation (in meters) at the coordinate's lat/lng for the specified geoid model.
 
 ```ruby
-lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 17.0)
+lla = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 17.0)
 lla.geoid_height
 # => Float (geoid undulation in meters)
 ```
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ Supported vertical datums: `'NAVD88'`, `'NGVD29'`, `'MSL'`, `'HAE'`.
 Sets the default geoid model for the class. Returns the class for chaining.
 
 ```ruby
-Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.with_geoid_height('EGM96')
+Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.with_geoid_height('EGM96')
 ```
 
 ## Code Examples
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.with_geoid_height('EGM96')
 require 'geodetic'
 
 # Create an LLA coordinate
-lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 40.7128, lng: -74.0060, alt: 10.0)
+lla = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 40.7128, lng: -74.0060, alt: 10.0)
 
 # Convert to ECEF and back
 ecef = lla.to_ecef
@@ -269,8 +269,8 @@ lla_roundtrip = utm.to_lla
 ### Local tangent plane
 
 ```ruby
-origin = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 40.7128, lng: -74.0060, alt: 10.0)
-target = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 40.7138, lng: -74.0050, alt: 15.0)
+origin = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 40.7128, lng: -74.0060, alt: 10.0)
+target = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 40.7138, lng: -74.0050, alt: 15.0)
 
 enu = target.to_enu(origin)
 ned = target.to_ned(origin)
@@ -279,17 +279,17 @@ ned = target.to_ned(origin)
 ### DMS formatting
 
 ```ruby
-lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: -33.8688, lng: 151.2093, alt: 58.0)
+lla = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: -33.8688, lng: 151.2093, alt: 58.0)
 puts lla.to_dms
 # => "33° 52' 7.68" S, 151° 12' 33.48" E, 58.00 m"
 
-restored = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.from_dms(lla.to_dms)
+restored = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.from_dms(lla.to_dms)
 ```
 
 ### Geoid height operations
 
 ```ruby
-lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 50.0)
+lla = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 38.8977, lng: -77.0365, alt: 50.0)
 
 # Get geoid undulation at this location
 puts lla.geoid_height           # EGM2008 (default)

data/docs/coordinate-systems/mgrs.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Geodetic::Coordinates::MGRS - Military Grid Reference System
+# Geodetic::Coordinate::MGRS - Military Grid Reference System
 
 ## Overview
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ MGRS.new(
 ### Example
 
 ```ruby
-mgrs = Geodetic::Coordinates::MGRS.new(mgrs_string: "18SUJ2337006519")
+mgrs = Geodetic::Coordinate::MGRS.new(mgrs_string: "18SUJ2337006519")
 mgrs.to_s  # => "18SUJ2337006519"
 ```
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ MGRS converts to other coordinate systems via **UTM** and **LLA**:
 ## Example
 
 ```ruby
-mgrs = Geodetic::Coordinates::MGRS.new(mgrs_string: "18SUJ2337006519")
+mgrs = Geodetic::Coordinate::MGRS.new(mgrs_string: "18SUJ2337006519")
 
 mgrs.grid_zone  # => "18S"
 mgrs.square_id  # => "UJ"

data/docs/coordinate-systems/ned.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Geodetic::Coordinates::NED - North, East, Down
+# Geodetic::Coordinate::NED - North, East, Down
 
 ## Overview
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ The one exception is the conversion between NED and ENU, which does not require
 NED is a relative coordinate system. The universal `distance_to`, `straight_line_distance_to`, `bearing_to`, and `elevation_to` methods raise `ArgumentError` because NED cannot be converted to an absolute system without a reference point. Convert to an absolute system first:
 
 ```ruby
-ref = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 47.62, lng: -122.35, alt: 0.0)
+ref = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 47.62, lng: -122.35, alt: 0.0)
 lla = ned.to_lla(ref)
 lla.distance_to(other_lla)   # Vincenty great-circle distance
 lla.bearing_to(other_lla)    # Great-circle forward azimuth (Bearing object)
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Bearing is measured in **degrees from north**, clockwise, in the range **0-360**
 ## Example
 
 ```ruby
-point = Geodetic::Coordinates::NED.new(n: 200.0, e: 100.0, d: -50.0)
+point = Geodetic::Coordinate::NED.new(n: 200.0, e: 100.0, d: -50.0)
 
 point.north  # => 200.0
 point.east   # => 100.0

data/docs/coordinate-systems/olc.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Geodetic::Coordinates::OLC
+# Geodetic::Coordinate::OLC
 
 ## Open Location Code (Plus Codes)
 
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ OLC is a **2D coordinate system** (no altitude). Conversions to/from other syste
 
 ```ruby
 # From a plus code string
-coord = Geodetic::Coordinates::OLC.new("849VCWC8+R9")
+coord = Geodetic::Coordinate::OLC.new("849VCWC8+R9")
 
 # From any coordinate (converts via LLA)
-coord = Geodetic::Coordinates::OLC.new(lla_coord)
-coord = Geodetic::Coordinates::OLC.new(utm_coord, precision: 11)
+coord = Geodetic::Coordinate::OLC.new(lla_coord)
+coord = Geodetic::Coordinate::OLC.new(utm_coord, precision: 11)
 ```
 
 | Parameter   | Type              | Default | Description                                    |
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ OLC.from_ham(ham_coord)
 ### LLA Convenience Methods
 
 ```ruby
-lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 37.4220, lng: -122.0841)
+lla = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 37.4220, lng: -122.0841)
 olc = lla.to_olc                    # default precision 10
 olc = lla.to_olc(precision: 11)     # grid refinement precision
 
-lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.from_olc(olc)
+lla = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.from_olc(olc)
 ```
 
 ## Serialization

data/docs/coordinate-systems/state-plane.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Geodetic::Coordinates::StatePlane
+# Geodetic::Coordinate::StatePlane
 
 ## US State Plane Coordinate System
 
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ The State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS) is a set of 124 geographic zones used a
 ## Constructor
 
 ```ruby
-point = Geodetic::Coordinates::StatePlane.new(
+point = Geodetic::Coordinate::StatePlane.new(
   easting:   0.0,
   northing:  0.0,
   zone_code: 'CA_I',

data/docs/coordinate-systems/ups.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Geodetic::Coordinates::UPS
+# Geodetic::Coordinate::UPS
 
 ## Universal Polar Stereographic
 
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ The Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) coordinate system covers the polar regio
 ## Constructor
 
 ```ruby
-point = Geodetic::Coordinates::UPS.new(
+point = Geodetic::Coordinate::UPS.new(
   easting:    0.0,
   northing:   0.0,
   hemisphere: 'N',
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ Both easting and northing use a **false origin of 2,000,000 meters** to ensure a
 The universal `distance_to` method computes the Vincenty great-circle distance (in meters) to any other coordinate type. The `straight_line_distance_to` method computes the Euclidean distance in ECEF space. Both accept single or multiple targets.
 
 ```ruby
-ups_a = Geodetic::Coordinates::UPS.new(easting: 2000000.0, northing: 2000000.0, hemisphere: 'N', zone: 'Z')
-ups_b = Geodetic::Coordinates::UPS.new(easting: 2100000.0, northing: 2100000.0, hemisphere: 'N', zone: 'Z')
+ups_a = Geodetic::Coordinate::UPS.new(easting: 2000000.0, northing: 2000000.0, hemisphere: 'N', zone: 'Z')
+ups_b = Geodetic::Coordinate::UPS.new(easting: 2100000.0, northing: 2100000.0, hemisphere: 'N', zone: 'Z')
 ups_a.distance_to(ups_b)                # => Distance (meters, great-circle)
 ups_a.straight_line_distance_to(ups_b)  # => Distance (meters, Euclidean)
 ```

data/docs/coordinate-systems/usng.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Geodetic::Coordinates::USNG - US National Grid
+# Geodetic::Coordinate::USNG - US National Grid
 
 ## Overview
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ USNG <-> MGRS <-> UTM <-> LLA
 ## Example
 
 ```ruby
-usng = Geodetic::Coordinates::USNG.new(usng_string: "18T WL 12345 67890")
+usng = Geodetic::Coordinate::USNG.new(usng_string: "18T WL 12345 67890")
 
 usng.grid_zone  # => "18T"
 usng.square_id  # => "WL"

data/docs/coordinate-systems/utm.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-# Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM
+# Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM
 
 Universal Transverse Mercator -- a projected coordinate system that divides the Earth into 60 longitudinal zones (each 6 degrees wide) and two hemispheres (North and South). Positions within each zone are expressed as easting and northing distances in meters from the zone's origin. UTM is widely used in military, engineering, and surveying applications because it provides a flat, metric grid that minimizes distortion within each zone.
 
 ## Constructor
 
 ```ruby
-Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.new(easting: 0.0, northing: 0.0, altitude: 0.0, zone: 1, hemisphere: 'N')
+Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM.new(easting: 0.0, northing: 0.0, altitude: 0.0, zone: 1, hemisphere: 'N')
 ```
 
 | Parameter    | Type    | Default | Description                                 |
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ All conversion methods accept an optional `datum` parameter (defaults to `Geodet
 Converts to geodetic Latitude, Longitude, Altitude coordinates. Uses a series expansion for the inverse UTM projection.
 
 ```ruby
-utm = Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.new(easting: 580000.0, northing: 4510000.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
+utm = Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM.new(easting: 580000.0, northing: 4510000.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
 lla = utm.to_lla
-# => Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA
+# => Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA
 ```
 
 ### UTM.from_lla(lla, datum = WGS84)
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ lla = utm.to_lla
 Creates a UTM from an LLA instance. The zone and hemisphere are computed automatically. Raises `ArgumentError` if the argument is not an `LLA`.
 
 ```ruby
-utm = Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.from_lla(lla)
+utm = Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM.from_lla(lla)
 ```
 
 ### to_ecef(datum = WGS84)
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Converts to Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed Cartesian coordinates. Internally conver
 
 ```ruby
 ecef = utm.to_ecef
-# => Geodetic::Coordinates::ECEF
+# => Geodetic::Coordinate::ECEF
 ```
 
 ### UTM.from_ecef(ecef, datum = WGS84)
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ Creates a UTM from an ECEF instance. Raises `ArgumentError` if the argument is n
 Converts to East-North-Up local tangent plane coordinates relative to a reference LLA position.
 
 ```ruby
-origin = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 40.7128, lng: -74.0060, alt: 10.0)
+origin = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 40.7128, lng: -74.0060, alt: 10.0)
 enu = utm.to_enu(origin)
-# => Geodetic::Coordinates::ENU
+# => Geodetic::Coordinate::ENU
 ```
 
 Raises `ArgumentError` if `reference_lla` is not an `LLA`.
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Converts to North-East-Down local tangent plane coordinates relative to a refere
 
 ```ruby
 ned = utm.to_ned(origin)
-# => Geodetic::Coordinates::NED
+# => Geodetic::Coordinate::NED
 ```
 
 Raises `ArgumentError` if `reference_lla` is not an `LLA`.
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ Creates a UTM from a NED instance and a reference LLA origin. Raises `ArgumentEr
 Returns a comma-separated string of `easting, northing, altitude, zone, hemisphere`.
 
 ```ruby
-utm = Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.new(easting: 580000.0, northing: 4510000.0, altitude: 10.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
+utm = Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM.new(easting: 580000.0, northing: 4510000.0, altitude: 10.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
 utm.to_s
 # => "580000.0, 4510000.0, 10.0, 18, N"
 ```
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ utm.to_a
 Parses a comma-separated string into a UTM.
 
 ```ruby
-utm = Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.from_string("580000.0, 4510000.0, 10.0, 18, N")
+utm = Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM.from_string("580000.0, 4510000.0, 10.0, 18, N")
 ```
 
 ### UTM.from_array(array)
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ utm = Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.from_string("580000.0, 4510000.0, 10.0, 18, N")
 Creates a UTM from a five-element array `[easting, northing, altitude, zone, hemisphere]`.
 
 ```ruby
-utm = Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.from_array([580000.0, 4510000.0, 10.0, 18, "N"])
+utm = Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM.from_array([580000.0, 4510000.0, 10.0, 18, "N"])
 ```
 
 ## Additional Methods
@@ -157,8 +157,8 @@ Compares two UTM instances for approximate equality. Returns `true` if:
 Returns `false` if `other` is not a `UTM`.
 
 ```ruby
-a = Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.new(easting: 580000.0, northing: 4510000.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
-b = Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.new(easting: 580000.0, northing: 4510000.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
+a = Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM.new(easting: 580000.0, northing: 4510000.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
+b = Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM.new(easting: 580000.0, northing: 4510000.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
 a == b
 # => true
 ```
@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ a == b
 Computes the Vincenty great-circle distance to one or more other coordinates. Works across UTM zones and across different coordinate types (coordinates are converted to LLA internally). Returns a `Distance` for a single target or an Array of `Distance` objects for multiple targets (radial distances from the receiver).
 
 ```ruby
-a = Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.new(easting: 580000.0, northing: 4510000.0, altitude: 10.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
-b = Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.new(easting: 580100.0, northing: 4510200.0, altitude: 15.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
+a = Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM.new(easting: 580000.0, northing: 4510000.0, altitude: 10.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
+b = Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM.new(easting: 580100.0, northing: 4510200.0, altitude: 15.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
 a.distance_to(b)
 # => Distance (meters, great-circle distance)
 ```
@@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ a.straight_line_distance_to(b)
 Returns `true` if both UTM instances share the same zone number and hemisphere.
 
 ```ruby
-a = Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.new(easting: 580000.0, northing: 4510000.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
-b = Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.new(easting: 590000.0, northing: 4520000.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
+a = Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM.new(easting: 580000.0, northing: 4510000.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
+b = Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM.new(easting: 590000.0, northing: 4520000.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
 a.same_zone?(b)
 # => true
 ```
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ Raises `ArgumentError` if `other` is not a `UTM`.
 Returns the central meridian longitude (in degrees) for the UTM zone.
 
 ```ruby
-utm = Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.new(zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
+utm = Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM.new(zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N')
 utm.central_meridian
 # => -75
 ```
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ The formula is: `(zone - 1) * 6 - 180 + 3`.
 require 'geodetic'
 
 # Start with an LLA and convert to UTM
-lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 40.7128, lng: -74.0060, alt: 10.0)
+lla = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 40.7128, lng: -74.0060, alt: 10.0)
 utm = lla.to_utm
 puts utm.to_s
 # zone and hemisphere are determined automatically
@@ -228,11 +228,11 @@ lla_roundtrip = utm.to_lla
 ### Distance calculations
 
 ```ruby
-point_a = Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.new(
+point_a = Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM.new(
   easting: 583960.0, northing: 4507523.0,
   altitude: 10.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N'
 )
-point_b = Geodetic::Coordinates::UTM.new(
+point_b = Geodetic::Coordinate::UTM.new(
   easting: 584060.0, northing: 4507623.0,
   altitude: 15.0, zone: 18, hemisphere: 'N'
 )
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ puts "Same zone?   #{point_a.same_zone?(point_b)}"
 
 ```ruby
 # Check which zone a location falls in
-lla = Geodetic::Coordinates::LLA.new(lat: 48.8566, lng: 2.3522, alt: 35.0)  # Paris
+lla = Geodetic::Coordinate::LLA.new(lat: 48.8566, lng: 2.3522, alt: 35.0)  # Paris
 utm = lla.to_utm
 puts "Zone: #{utm.zone}#{utm.hemisphere}"       # => "31N"
 puts "Central meridian: #{utm.central_meridian}" # => 3