gentooboontoo-ruby-netcdf 0.6.6.2

data/lib/numru/netcdf.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,792 @@
+require 'narray'
+require 'numru/netcdfraw'
+
+# NetCDF$B%/%i%9$K4X$7$F(B
+module NumRu
+  class NetCDF
+
+    Max_Try = 100
+
+    def NetCDF.open(filename,mode="r",share=false)
+       call_create=false   # false-> nc_open; true->nc_create
+       case(mode)
+       when "r","rb"                          # read only
+	  mode=NC_NOWRITE
+       when "w","w+","wb","w+b"               # overwrite if exits
+          call_create=true
+	  mode=NC_CLOBBER
+       when "a","a+","r+","ab","a+b","r+b"    # append if exits
+	  if( File.exists?(filename) )
+	     mode=NC_WRITE
+	  else
+	     call_create=true   #(nonexsitent --> create)
+	     mode=NC_CLOBBER
+	  end
+       else
+	  raise NetcdfError, "Mode #{mode} is not supported"
+       end
+       case(share)
+       when false
+	  share=0
+       when true
+	  share=NC_SHARE
+       else
+	  raise NetcdfError, "We can't use the sharing mode you typed"
+       end
+       omode = mode | share
+       if(!call_create)
+	  nc_open(filename,omode)
+       else
+	  nc_create(filename,omode)
+       end
+    end
+    
+    class << NetCDF
+      alias new open
+    end
+    
+    
+    def NetCDF.create(filename,noclobber=false,share=false)
+      case(noclobber)
+      when false
+	noclobber=NC_CLOBBER
+      when true
+	noclobber=NC_NOCLOBBER
+      else
+	raise NetcdfError,"noclobber (2nd argument) must be true or false"
+      end
+      case(share)
+      when false
+	share=0
+      when true
+	share=NC_SHARE
+      else
+	raise NetcdfError,"share (3rd argument) must be true or false"
+      end
+      
+      cmode=noclobber | share
+      nc_create(filename,cmode)
+    end
+    
+    class << NetCDF
+       def clean_tmpfile(path)
+	  proc {
+	     print "removing ", path, "..." if $DEBUG
+	     if File.exist?(path)
+		File.unlink(path) 
+	     end
+	     print "done\n" if $DEBUG
+	  }
+       end
+       protected :clean_tmpfile
+    end
+
+    def NetCDF.create_tmp(tmpdir=ENV['TMPDIR']||ENV['TMP']||ENV['TEMP']||'.', 
+			  share=false)
+       basename = 'temp'
+       if $SAFE > 0 and tmpdir.tainted?
+	  tmpdir = '.'
+       end
+
+       n = 0
+       while true
+	 begin
+	   tmpname = sprintf('%s/%s%d_%d.nc', tmpdir, basename, $$, n)
+	   unless File.exist?(tmpname)
+	      netcdf = NetCDF.create(tmpname, true, share)
+	      ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(netcdf, 
+					   NetCDF.clean_tmpfile(tmpname))
+	      break
+	   end
+	 rescue
+	   raise NetcdfError, "cannot generate tempfile `%s'" % tmpname if n >= Max_Try
+	 end
+	 n += 1
+       end
+       netcdf
+    end
+
+
+    def put_att(attname,val,atttype=nil)
+       put_attraw(attname,val,atttype)
+    end
+    
+    def def_var_with_dim(name, vartype, shape_ul0, dimnames)
+       # Same as def_var but defines dimensions first if needed.
+       # Use zero in shape to define an unlimited dimension.
+       if (shape_ul0.length != dimnames.length ) then
+	  raise ArgumentError, 'lengths of shape and dimnames do not agree'
+       end
+       dims = []
+       dimnames.each_index{ |i|
+	  dim = self.dim( dimnames[i] )
+	  if ( dim != nil ) then
+	     # dim exists --> check the length
+	     if (shape_ul0[i] != dim.length_ul0 ) then
+		raise ArgumentError, "dimension length do not agree: #{i}th dim: "+\
+		"#{shape_ul0[i]} and #{dim.length_ul0}"
+	     end
+	     dims.push(dim)
+	  else
+	     # dim does not exist --> define it
+	     dims.push( def_dim( dimnames[i], shape_ul0[i] ) )
+	  end
+       }
+       def_var(name, vartype, dims)
+    end
+
+    # Iterators:
+    def each_dim
+      num_dim=ndims()    
+      for dimid in 0..num_dim-1
+	obj_Dim=id2dim(dimid)
+	 yield(obj_Dim)
+      end
+    end
+    
+    def each_var
+      num_var=nvars()
+      for varid in 0..num_var-1
+	obj_Var=id2var(varid)
+	yield(obj_Var)
+      end
+    end
+    
+    def each_att
+      num_att=natts()
+      for attnum in 0..num_att-1
+	obj_Att=id2att(attnum)
+	 yield(obj_Att)
+      end
+    end
+    
+    def dims( names=nil )   # return all if names==nil
+       if names == nil
+	  dims = (0..ndims()-1).collect{|dimid| id2dim(dimid)}
+       else
+	  raise TypeError, "names is not an array" if ! names.is_a?(Array)
+	  dims = names.collect{|name| dim(name)}
+	  raise ArgumentError, "One or more dimensions do not exist" if dims.include?(nil)
+       end
+       dims
+    end
+
+    def vars( names=nil )   # return all if names==nil
+       if names == nil
+	  vars = (0..nvars()-1).collect{ |varid| id2var(varid) }
+       else
+	  raise TypeError, "names is not an array" if ! names.is_a?(Array)
+	  vars = names.collect{|name| var(name)}
+	  raise ArgumentError, "One or more variables do not exist" if vars.include?(nil)
+       end
+       vars
+    end
+
+    def dim_names
+      num_dim=ndims()
+      names=[]
+      for dimid in 0..num_dim-1
+	obj_Dim=id2dim(dimid)    
+	names=names+[obj_Dim.name]
+      end
+      return names
+    end    
+    
+    def var_names
+      num_var=nvars()
+      names=[]
+      for varid in 0..num_var-1
+	obj_Var=id2var(varid)
+	names=names+[obj_Var.name]
+      end
+      return names
+    end
+    
+    def att_names
+      num_att=natts()
+      names=[]
+      for attnum in 0..num_att-1
+	obj_Att=id2att(attnum)    
+	names=names+[obj_Att.name]
+      end
+      return names
+    end
+    
+    def inspect
+      "NetCDF:"+path
+    end
+    
+  end
+  
+  #NetCDFVar class $B$K4X$7$F(B
+  class NetCDFVar
+    
+    class << NetCDFVar
+       def new(file,varname,mode="r",share=false)
+	  if(file.is_a?(String))
+	     file = NetCDF.open(file,mode,share)
+	  elsif(!file.is_a?(NetCDF))
+	    raise TypeError, "1st arg must be a NetCDF (file object) or a String (path)"
+	  end
+	  file.var(varname)
+       end
+
+       alias open new
+    end
+
+    alias :rank :ndims
+
+    def each_att
+      num_att=natts()
+      for attnum in 0..num_att-1
+	obj_Att=id2att(attnum)
+	yield(obj_Att)
+      end
+    end
+    
+    def dim_names
+      ary = Array.new()
+      dims.each{|dim| ary.push(dim.name)}
+      ary
+    end
+    
+   def att_names
+     num_att=natts()
+     names=[]
+     for attnum in 0..num_att-1
+       obj_Att=id2att(attnum)
+       names=names+[obj_Att.name]
+     end
+     return names
+   end
+   
+   def put_att(attname,val,atttype=nil)
+      put_attraw(attname,val,atttype)
+   end
+
+   def shape_ul0
+      sh = []
+      dims.each{|d|
+	 if d.unlimited? then
+	    sh.push(0)
+	 else
+	    sh.push(d.length)
+	 end
+      }
+      sh
+   end
+   
+   def shape_current
+      sh = []
+      dims.each{|d|
+	 sh.push(d.length)
+      }
+      sh
+   end
+   
+   # The put and get methods in the NetCDFVar class
+
+   def pack(na)
+     sf = att('scale_factor')
+     ao = att('add_offset')
+     if ( sf == nil && ao == nil ) then
+       na
+     else
+       na = NArray.to_na(na) if na.is_a?(Array)
+       if sf
+	 csf = sf.get
+	 raise NetcdfError,"scale_factor is not a numeric" if csf.is_a?(String)
+	 raise NetcdfError, "scale_factor is not unique" if csf.length != 1
+	 raise NetcdfError, "zero scale_factor" if csf[0] == 0
+       else
+	 csf = nil
+       end
+       if ao
+	 cao = ao.get
+	 raise NetcdfError, "add_offset is not a numeric" if cao.is_a?(String)
+	 raise NetcdfError, "add_offset is not unique" if cao.length != 1
+       else
+	 cao = nil
+       end
+       if csf and cao
+	 packed = (na - cao) / csf
+       elsif csf
+	 packed = na / csf
+       elsif cao
+	 packed = na - cao
+       end
+       if self.typecode <= NArray::LINT
+         packed = packed.round
+       end
+       packed
+     end
+   end
+   
+   def scaled_put(var,hash=nil)
+     simple_put( pack(var), hash)
+   end
+
+   @@unpack_type = nil
+   class << NetCDFVar
+     def unpack_type
+       @@unpack_type
+     end
+     def unpack_type=(na_type)
+       if [NArray::BYTE, NArray::SINT, NArray::INT, 
+	   NArray::SFLOAT, NArray::FLOAT, nil].include?(na_type)
+	 @@unpack_type = na_type
+       else
+	 raise ArgumentError, "Arg must be one of NArray::BYTE, NArray::SINT, NArray::INT, NArray::SFLOAT, NArray::FLOAT"
+       end
+     end
+
+   end
+
+   def unpack(na)
+     sf = att('scale_factor')
+     ao = att('add_offset')
+     if ( sf == nil && ao == nil ) then
+       na
+     else
+       if sf
+	 csf = sf.get
+	 raise NetcdfError,"scale_factor is not a numeric" if csf.is_a?(String)
+	 raise NetcdfError, "scale_factor is not unique" if csf.length != 1
+	 raise NetcdfError, "zero scale_factor" if csf[0] == 0
+       else
+	 csf =nil
+       end
+       if ao
+	 cao = ao.get
+	 raise NetcdfError, "add_offset is not a numeric" if cao.is_a?(String)
+	 raise NetcdfError, "add_offset is not unique" if cao.length != 1
+       else
+	 cao = nil
+       end
+       if csf and cao
+	 una = na * csf + cao  # csf & cao are NArray -> coerced to their types
+       elsif csf
+	 una = na * csf
+       elsif cao
+	 una = na + cao
+       end
+       una = una.to_type(@@unpack_type) if @@unpack_type
+       una
+     end
+   end
+
+   def scaled_get(hash=nil)
+     unpack( simple_get(hash) )
+   end
+
+   def simple_put(var,hash=nil)
+     if hash==nil
+       if self.vartype == "char"
+	 put_var_char(var)
+       elsif self.vartype == "byte"
+	 put_var_byte(var)
+       elsif self.vartype == "sint"
+	 put_var_sint(var)
+       elsif self.vartype == "int"
+	 put_var_int(var)
+       elsif self.vartype == "sfloat"
+	 put_var_sfloat(var)
+       elsif self.vartype == "float"
+	 put_var_float(var)
+       else 
+	 raise NetcdfError,"variable type isn't supported in netCDF" 
+       end
+     elsif hash.key?("index")==true 
+       if self.vartype == "char"
+	 put_var1_char(var,hash["index"])
+       elsif self.vartype=="byte"
+	 put_var1_byte(var,hash["index"])
+       elsif self.vartype=="sint"
+	 put_var1_sint(var,hash["index"])
+       elsif self.vartype == "int"
+	 put_var1_int(var,hash["index"])
+       elsif self.vartype == "sfloat"
+	 put_var1_sfloat(var,hash["index"])
+       elsif self.vartype == "float"
+	 put_var1_float(var,hash["index"])
+       else 
+	 raise NetcdfError,"variable type isn't supported in netCDF"
+       end
+     elsif hash.key?("start")==true
+       if hash.key?("end")==false && hash.key?("stride")==false
+	 if self.vartype == "char"
+	   put_vars_char(var,hash["start"],nil,nil)
+	 elsif self.vartype=="byte"
+	   put_vars_byte(var,hash["start"],nil,nil)
+	 elsif self.vartype=="sint"
+	   put_vars_sint(var,hash["start"],nil,nil)
+	 elsif self.vartype=="int"
+	   put_vars_int(var,hash["start"],nil,nil)
+	 elsif self.vartype=="sfloat"
+	   put_vars_sfloat(var,hash["start"],nil,nil)
+	 elsif self.vartype=="float"
+	   put_vars_float(var,hash["start"],nil,nil)
+	 else
+	   raise NetcdfError, "variable type isn't supported in netCDF"
+	 end
+       elsif hash.key?("end")==true && hash.key?("stride") == false
+	 if self.vartype == "char"
+	   put_vars_char(var,hash["start"],hash["end"],nil)
+	 elsif self.vartype=="byte"
+	   put_vars_byte(var,hash["start"],hash["end"],nil)
+	 elsif self.vartype=="sint"
+	   put_vars_sint(var,hash["start"],hash["end"],nil)
+	 elsif self.vartype=="int"
+	   put_vars_int(var,hash["start"],hash["end"],nil)
+	 elsif self.vartype == "sfloat"
+	   put_vars_sfloat(var,hash["start"],hash["end"],nil)
+	 elsif self.vartype =="float"
+	   put_vars_float(var,hash["start"],hash["end"],nil)
+	 else
+	   raise NetcdfError, "variable type isn't supported in netCDF"
+	 end
+       elsif hash.key?("end")==false && hash.key?("stride")==true
+	 if self.vartype == "char"
+	   put_vars_char(var,hash["start"],nil,hash["stride"])
+	 elsif self.vartype=="byte"
+	   put_vars_byte(var,hash["start"],nil,hash["stride"])
+	 elsif self.vartype=="sint"
+	   put_vars_sint(var,hash["start"],nil,hash["stride"])
+	 elsif self.vartype=="int"
+	   put_vars_int(var,hash["start"],nil,hash["stride"])
+	 elsif self.vartype=="sfloat"
+	   put_vars_sfloat(var,hash["start"],nil,hash["stride"])
+	 elsif self.vartype=="float"
+	   put_vars_float(var,hash["start"],nil,hash["stride"])
+	 else
+	   raise NetcdfError, "variable type isn't supported in netCDF"
+	 end
+       else hash.key?("end")==true && hash.key?("stride")==true
+	 if self.vartype == "char"
+	   put_vars_char(var,hash["start"],hash["end"],hash["stride"])
+	 elsif self.vartype=="byte"
+	   put_vars_byte(var,hash["start"],hash["end"],hash["stride"])
+	 elsif self.vartype=="sint"
+	   put_vars_sint(var,hash["start"],hash["end"],hash["stride"])
+	 elsif self.vartype=="int"
+	   put_vars_int(var,hash["start"],hash["end"],hash["stride"])
+	 elsif self.vartype=="sfloat"
+	   put_vars_sfloat(var,hash["start"],hash["end"],hash["stride"])
+	 elsif self.vartype=="float"
+	   put_vars_float(var,hash["start"],hash["end"],hash["stride"])
+	 else
+	   raise NetcdfError, "variable type isn't supported in netCDF"
+	 end
+       end
+     else
+       raise ArgumentError,"{'start'}=>[ARRAY] or {'index'}=>[ARRAY] is needed"
+     end
+   end
+
+   alias put simple_put
+
+   def simple_get(hash=nil)
+     t_var = self.vartype
+     if hash == nil
+       if t_var == "char"
+	 get_var_char
+       elsif t_var == "byte"
+	 get_var_byte
+       elsif t_var == "sint"
+	 get_var_sint
+       elsif t_var == "int"
+	 get_var_int
+       elsif t_var == "sfloat"
+	 get_var_sfloat
+       elsif t_var == "float"
+	 get_var_float
+       else
+	  raise NetcdfError, "variable type #{t_var} isn't supported in netCDF"
+       end
+     elsif hash.key?("index")==true
+       ind = hash["index"]
+       if t_var == "char"
+	 get_var1_char(ind)
+       elsif t_var == "byte"
+	 get_var1_byte(ind)
+       elsif t_var == "sint"
+	 get_var1_sint(ind)
+       elsif t_var == "int"
+	 get_var1_int(ind)
+       elsif t_var == "sfloat"
+	 get_var1_sfloat(ind)
+       elsif t_var == "float"
+	 get_var1_float(ind)
+       else
+	 raise NetcdfError,"variable type #{t_var} isn't supported in netCDF"
+       end
+     elsif hash.key?("start")==true
+       h_sta = hash["start"]
+       endq = hash.key?("end")
+       strq = hash.key?("stride")
+       if endq == false && strq == false
+	 if t_var == "char"
+	   get_vars_char(h_sta,nil,nil)
+	 elsif t_var == "byte"
+	   get_vars_byte(h_sta,nil,nil)
+	 elsif t_var == "sint" 
+	   get_vars_sint(h_sta,nil,nil)
+	 elsif t_var == "int"
+	   get_vars_int(h_sta,nil,nil)
+	 elsif t_var == "sfloat"
+	   get_vars_sfloat(h_sta,nil,nil)
+	 elsif t_var == "float"
+	   get_vars_float(h_sta,nil,nil)
+	 else 
+	   raise NetcdfError, "varialbe type #{t_var} isn't supported in netCDF"
+	 end
+       elsif endq == true && strq == false
+	 h_end = hash["end"]
+ 	 if t_var == "char"
+	   get_vars_char(h_sta,h_end,nil)
+ 	 elsif t_var == "byte"
+	   get_vars_byte(h_sta,h_end,nil)
+	 elsif t_var == "sint"
+	   get_vars_sint(h_sta,h_end,nil)
+	 elsif t_var == "int"
+	   get_vars_int(h_sta,h_end,nil)
+	 elsif t_var == "sfloat"
+	   get_vars_sfloat(h_sta,h_end,nil)
+	 elsif t_var == "float"
+	   get_vars_float(h_sta,h_end,nil)
+	 else
+	   raise NetcdfError, "variable type #{t_var} isn't supported in netCDF"
+	 end
+       elsif endq == false && strq == true
+	 h_str = hash["stride"]
+ 	 if t_var == "char"
+	   get_vars_char(h_sta,nil,h_str)
+ 	 elsif t_var == "byte"
+	   get_vars_byte(h_sta,nil,h_str)
+	 elsif t_var == "sint"
+	   get_vars_sint(h_sta,nil,h_str)
+	 elsif t_var == "int"
+	   get_vars_int(h_sta,nil,h_str)
+	 elsif t_var == "sfloat"
+	   get_vars_sfloat(h_sta,nil,h_str)
+	 elsif t_var == "float"
+	   get_vars_float(h_sta,nil,h_str)
+	 else
+	   raise NetcdfError, "variable type #{t_var} isn't supported in netCDF"
+	 end
+       else endq == true && strq == true
+	 h_end = hash["end"]
+	 h_str = hash["stride"]
+	 if t_var == "char"
+	   get_vars_char(h_sta,h_end,h_str)
+	 elsif t_var == "byte"
+	   get_vars_byte(h_sta,h_end,h_str)
+	 elsif t_var == "sint"
+	   get_vars_sint(h_sta,h_end,h_str)
+	 elsif t_var == "int"
+	   get_vars_int(h_sta,h_end,h_str)
+	 elsif t_var == "sfloat"
+	   get_vars_sfloat(h_sta,h_end,h_str)
+	 elsif t_var == "float"
+	   get_vars_float(h_sta,h_end,h_str)
+	 else
+	   raise NetcdfError, "variable type #{t_var} isn't supported in netCDF"
+	 end
+       end
+     else
+       raise ArgumentError,"{'start'}=>{ARRAY} or {'index'}=>{ARRAY} is needed"
+     end
+   end
+
+   alias get simple_get
+
+   def __rubber_expansion( args )
+     if (id = args.index(false))  # substitution into id
+       # false is incuded
+       alen = args.length
+       if args.rindex(false) != id
+	 raise ArguemntError,"only one rubber dimension is permitted"
+       elsif alen > rank+1
+	 raise ArgumentError, "too many args"
+       end
+       ar = ( id!=0 ? args[0..id-1] : [] )
+       args = ar + [true]*(rank-alen+1) + args[id+1..-1]
+     elsif args.length == 0   # to support empty [], []=
+       args = [true]*rank
+     end
+     args
+   end
+   private :__rubber_expansion
+
+   def [](*a)
+     if a.length == 0
+       return self.get
+     end
+     a = __rubber_expansion(a)
+     first = Array.new
+     last = Array.new
+     stride = Array.new
+     set_stride = false
+     a.each{|i|
+       if(i.is_a?(Fixnum))
+	 first.push(i)
+	 last.push(i)
+	 stride.push(1)
+       elsif(i.is_a?(Range))
+	 first.push(i.first)
+	 last.push(i.exclude_end? ? i.last-1 : i.last)
+	 stride.push(1)
+       elsif(i.is_a?(Hash))
+	 r = (i.to_a[0])[0]
+         s = (i.to_a[0])[1]
+         if ( !( r.is_a?(Range) ) || ! ( s.is_a?(Integer) ) )
+	    raise TypeError, "Hash argument must be {a_Range, step}"
+	 end
+	 first.push(r.first) 
+	 last.push(r.exclude_end? ? r.last-1 : r.last)
+	 stride.push(s)
+	 set_stride = true
+       elsif(i.is_a?(TrueClass))
+	 first.push(0)
+	 last.push(-1)
+	 stride.push(1)
+       elsif( i.is_a?(Array) || i.is_a?(NArray))
+	 a_new = a.dup
+	 at = a.index(i)
+	 i = NArray.to_na(i) if i.is_a?(Array)
+	 for n in 0..i.length-1
+	   a_new[at] = i[n]..i[n]
+	   na_tmp = self[*a_new]
+	   if n==0 then
+	     k = at
+	     if at > 0
+	       a[0..at-1].each{|x| if x.is_a?(Fixnum) then k -= 1 end}
+	     end
+	     shape_tmp = na_tmp.shape
+	     shape_tmp[k] = i.length
+	     na = na_tmp.class.new(na_tmp.typecode,*shape_tmp)
+	     index_tmp = Array.new(shape_tmp.length,true)
+	   end
+	   index_tmp[k] = n..n
+	   na[*index_tmp] = na_tmp
+	 end
+	 return na
+       else
+	 raise TypeError, "argument must be Fixnum, Range, Hash, TrueClass, Array, or NArray"
+       end
+     }
+
+     if(set_stride)
+       na = self.get({"start"=>first, "end"=>last, "stride"=>stride})
+     else
+       na = self.get({"start"=>first, "end"=>last})
+     end
+     shape = na.shape
+     (a.length-1).downto(0){ |i|
+	 shape.delete_at(i) if a[i].is_a?(Fixnum)
+      }
+      na.reshape!( *shape )
+     na
+   end
+
+   def []=(*a)
+     val = a.pop
+     a = __rubber_expansion(a)
+     first = Array.new
+     last = Array.new
+     stride = Array.new
+     set_stride = false
+     a.each{|i|
+       if(i.is_a?(Fixnum))
+	 first.push(i)
+	 last.push(i)
+	 stride.push(1)
+       elsif(i.is_a?(Range))
+	 first.push(i.first)
+	 last.push(i.exclude_end? ? i.last-1 : i.last)
+	 stride.push(1)
+       elsif(i.is_a?(Hash))
+	 r = (i.to_a[0])[0]
+         s = (i.to_a[0])[1]
+         if ( !( r.is_a?(Range) ) || ! ( s.is_a?(Integer) ) )
+	    raise ArgumentError, "Hash argument must be {first..last, step}"
+	 end
+	 first.push(r.first) 
+	 last.push(r.exclude_end? ? r.last-1 : r.last)
+	 stride.push(s)
+	 set_stride = true
+       elsif(i.is_a?(TrueClass))
+	 first.push(0)
+	 last.push(-1)
+	 stride.push(1)
+       elsif(i.is_a?(Array) || i.is_a?(NArray))
+	 a_new = a.dup
+	 at = a.index(i)
+	 i = NArray.to_na(i) if i.is_a?(Array)
+	 val = NArray.to_na(val) if val.is_a?(Array)
+	 rank_of_subset = a.dup.delete_if{|v| v.is_a?(Fixnum)}.length
+	 if val.rank != rank_of_subset
+	   raise "rank of the rhs (#{val.rank}) is not equal to the rank "+
+                 "of the subset specified by #{a.inspect} (#{rank_of_subset})"
+	 end
+	 k = at
+	 a[0..at-1].each{|x| if x.is_a?(Fixnum) then k -= 1 end}
+	 if i.length != val.shape[k]
+	   raise "length of the #{k+1}-th dim of rhs is incorrect "+
+                 "(#{i.length} for #{val.shape[k]})"
+	 end
+	 index_tmp = Array.new(val.rank,true) if !val.is_a?(Numeric) #==>Array-like
+	 for n in 0..i.length-1
+	   a_new[at] = i[n]..i[n]
+	   if !val.is_a?(Numeric) then
+	     index_tmp[k] = n..n
+	     self[*a_new] = val[*index_tmp]
+	   else
+	     self[*a_new] = val
+	   end
+	 end
+	 return self
+       else
+	 raise TypeError, "argument must be Fixnum, Range, Hash, TrueClass, Array, or NArray"
+       end
+     }
+
+     if(set_stride)
+	self.put(val, {"start"=>first, "end"=>last, "stride"=>stride})
+     else
+	self.put(val, {"start"=>first, "end"=>last})
+     end
+   end
+
+   def inspect
+     'NetCDFVar:'+file.path+'?var='+name
+   end
+   
+ end
+ 
+ class NetCDFAtt
+   
+   def put(val,atttype=nil)
+      putraw(val,atttype)
+   end
+   
+   def inspect
+     'NetCDFAtt:'+name
+   end
+ end
+ 
+ class NetCDFDim
+   def inspect
+     'NetCDFDim:'+name
+   end
+
+   def length_ul0
+      if unlimited?
+	 0
+      else
+	 length
+      end
+   end
+
+ end
+end