gccxml_gem 0.9.2-universal-darwin-10

data/share/gccxml-0.9/GCC/3.3/fstream

@@ -0,0 +1,842 @@
+// File based streams -*- C++ -*-
+
+// Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
+// Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
+// Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
+// USA.
+
+// As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free software
+// library without restriction.  Specifically, if other files instantiate
+// templates or use macros or inline functions from this file, or you compile
+// this file and link it with other files to produce an executable, this
+// file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by
+// the GNU General Public License.  This exception does not however
+// invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by
+// the GNU General Public License.
+
+//
+// ISO C++ 14882: 27.8  File-based streams
+//
+
+/** @file fstream
+ *  This is a Standard C++ Library header.  You should @c #include this header
+ *  in your programs, rather than any of the "st[dl]_*.h" implementation files.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _CPP_FSTREAM
+#define _CPP_FSTREAM    1
+
+#pragma GCC system_header
+
+#include <istream>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <locale>       // For codecvt
+#include <bits/basic_file.h>
+#include <bits/gthr.h>
+
+namespace std
+{
+  // [27.8.1.1] template class basic_filebuf
+  /**
+   *  @brief  The actual work of input and output (for files).
+   *
+   *  This class associates both its input and output sequence with an
+   *  external disk file, and maintains a joint file position for both
+   *  sequences.  Many of its sematics are described in terms of similar
+   *  behavior in the Standard C Library's @c FILE streams.
+  */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
+    class basic_filebuf : public basic_streambuf<_CharT, _Traits>
+    {
+    public:
+      // Types:
+      typedef _CharT                                    char_type;
+      typedef _Traits                                   traits_type;
+      typedef typename traits_type::int_type            int_type;
+      typedef typename traits_type::pos_type            pos_type;
+      typedef typename traits_type::off_type            off_type;
+
+      //@{
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      typedef basic_streambuf<char_type, traits_type>   __streambuf_type;
+      typedef basic_filebuf<char_type, traits_type>     __filebuf_type;
+      typedef __basic_file<char>                        __file_type;
+      typedef typename traits_type::state_type          __state_type;
+      typedef codecvt<char_type, char, __state_type>    __codecvt_type;
+      typedef ctype<char_type>                          __ctype_type;
+      //@}
+
+      friend class ios_base; // For sync_with_stdio.
+
+    protected:
+      // Data Members:
+      // MT lock inherited from libio or other low-level io library.
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      __c_lock                  _M_lock;
+
+      // External buffer.
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      __file_type               _M_file;
+
+      // Current and beginning state type for codecvt.
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      __state_type              _M_state_cur;
+      __state_type              _M_state_beg;
+
+      // Set iff _M_buf is allocated memory from _M_allocate_internal_buffer.
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      bool                      _M_buf_allocated;
+      
+      // XXX Needed?
+      bool                      _M_last_overflowed;
+
+      // The position in the buffer corresponding to the external file
+      // pointer.
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      char_type*                _M_filepos;
+
+    public:
+      // Constructors/destructor:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Does not open any files.
+       *
+       *  The default constructor initializes the parent class using its
+       *  own default ctor.
+      */
+      basic_filebuf();
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  The destructor closes the file first.
+      */
+      virtual
+      ~basic_filebuf()
+      {
+        this->close();
+        _M_last_overflowed = false;
+      }
+
+      // Members:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Returns true if the external file is open.
+      */
+      bool
+      is_open() const throw() { return _M_file.is_open(); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Opens an external file.
+       *  @param  s  The name of the file.
+       *  @param  mode  The open mode flags.
+       *  @return  @c this on success, NULL on failure
+       *
+       *  If a file is already open, this function immediately fails.
+       *  Otherwise it tries to open the file named @a s using the flags
+       *  given in @a mode.
+       *
+       *  [Table 92 gives the relation between openmode combinations and the
+       *  equivalent fopen() flags, but the table has not been copied yet.]
+      */
+      __filebuf_type*
+      open(const char* __s, ios_base::openmode __mode);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Closes the currently associated file.
+       *  @return  @c this on success, NULL on failure
+       *
+       *  If no file is currently open, this function immediately fails.
+       *
+       *  If a "put buffer area" exists, @c overflow(eof) is called to flush
+       *  all the characters.  The file is then closed.
+       *
+       *  If any operations fail, this function also fails.
+      */
+      __filebuf_type*
+      close() throw();
+
+    protected:
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      void
+      _M_allocate_internal_buffer();
+
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      void
+      _M_destroy_internal_buffer() throw();
+
+      // [27.8.1.4] overridden virtual functions
+      // [documentation is inherited]
+      virtual streamsize
+      showmanyc();
+
+      // Stroustrup, 1998, p. 628
+      // underflow() and uflow() functions are called to get the next
+      // charater from the real input source when the buffer is empty.
+      // Buffered input uses underflow()
+
+      // The only difference between underflow() and uflow() is that the
+      // latter bumps _M_in_cur after the read.  In the sync_with_stdio
+      // case, this is important, as we need to unget the read character in
+      // the underflow() case in order to maintain synchronization.  So
+      // instead of calling underflow() from uflow(), we create a common
+      // subroutine to do the real work.
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      int_type
+      _M_underflow_common(bool __bump);
+
+      // [documentation is inherited]
+      virtual int_type
+      underflow();
+
+      // [documentation is inherited]
+      virtual int_type
+      uflow();
+
+      // [documentation is inherited]
+      virtual int_type
+      pbackfail(int_type __c = _Traits::eof());
+
+      // NB: For what the standard expects of the overflow function,
+      // see _M_really_overflow(), below. Because basic_streambuf's
+      // sputc/sputn call overflow directly, and the complications of
+      // this implementation's setting of the initial pointers all
+      // equal to _M_buf when initializing, it seems essential to have
+      // this in actuality be a helper function that checks for the
+      // eccentricities of this implementation, and then call
+      // overflow() if indeed the buffer is full.
+
+      // [documentation is inherited]
+      virtual int_type
+      overflow(int_type __c = _Traits::eof());
+
+      // Stroustrup, 1998, p 648
+      // The overflow() function is called to transfer characters to the
+      // real output destination when the buffer is full. A call to
+      // overflow(c) outputs the contents of the buffer plus the
+      // character c.
+      // 27.5.2.4.5
+      // Consume some sequence of the characters in the pending sequence.
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      int_type
+      _M_really_overflow(int_type __c = _Traits::eof());
+
+      // Convert internal byte sequence to external, char-based
+      // sequence via codecvt.
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      void
+      _M_convert_to_external(char_type*, streamsize, streamsize&, streamsize&);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Manipulates the buffer.
+       *  @param  s  Pointer to a buffer area.
+       *  @param  n  Size of @a s.
+       *  @return  @c this
+       *
+       *  If no file has been opened, and both @a s and @a n are zero, then
+       *  the stream becomes unbuffered.  Otherwise, @c s is used as a
+       *  buffer; see
+       *  http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/27_io/howto.html#2
+       *  for more.
+      */
+      virtual __streambuf_type*
+      setbuf(char_type* __s, streamsize __n);
+
+      // [documentation is inherited]
+      virtual pos_type
+      seekoff(off_type __off, ios_base::seekdir __way,
+              ios_base::openmode __mode = ios_base::in | ios_base::out);
+
+      // [documentation is inherited]
+      virtual pos_type
+      seekpos(pos_type __pos,
+              ios_base::openmode __mode = ios_base::in | ios_base::out);
+
+      // [documentation is inherited]
+      virtual int
+      sync()
+      {
+        int __ret = 0;
+        bool __testput = this->_M_out_cur && this->_M_out_beg < this->_M_out_end;
+
+        // Make sure that the internal buffer resyncs its idea of
+        // the file position with the external file.
+        if (__testput)
+          {
+            // Need to restore current position after the write.
+            off_type __off = this->_M_out_cur - this->_M_out_end;
+
+            // _M_file.sync() will be called within
+            if (traits_type::eq_int_type(_M_really_overflow(),
+                                         traits_type::eof()))
+              __ret = -1;
+            else if (__off)
+              _M_file.seekoff(__off, ios_base::cur);
+          }
+        else
+          _M_file.sync();
+
+        _M_last_overflowed = false;
+        return __ret;
+      }
+
+      // [documentation is inherited]
+      virtual void
+      imbue(const locale& __loc);
+
+      // [documentation is inherited]
+      virtual streamsize
+      xsgetn(char_type* __s, streamsize __n)
+      {
+        streamsize __ret = 0;
+        // Clear out pback buffer before going on to the real deal...
+        if (this->_M_pback_init)
+          {
+            while (__ret < __n && this->_M_in_cur < this->_M_in_end)
+              {
+                *__s = *this->_M_in_cur;
+                ++__ret;
+                ++__s;
+                ++this->_M_in_cur;
+              }
+            this->_M_pback_destroy();
+          }
+        if (__ret < __n)
+          __ret += __streambuf_type::xsgetn(__s, __n - __ret);
+        return __ret;
+      }
+
+      // [documentation is inherited]
+      virtual streamsize
+      xsputn(const char_type* __s, streamsize __n)
+      {
+        this->_M_pback_destroy();
+        return __streambuf_type::xsputn(__s, __n);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      void
+      _M_output_unshift();
+
+      // These three functions are used to clarify internal buffer
+      // maintenance. After an overflow, or after a seekoff call that
+      // started at beg or end, or possibly when the stream becomes
+      // unbuffered, and a myrid other obscure corner cases, the
+      // internal buffer does not truly reflect the contents of the
+      // external buffer. At this point, for whatever reason, it is in
+      // an indeterminate state.
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      void
+      _M_set_indeterminate(void)
+      {
+        if (this->_M_mode & ios_base::in)
+          this->setg(this->_M_buf, this->_M_buf, this->_M_buf);
+        if (this->_M_mode & ios_base::out)
+          this->setp(this->_M_buf, this->_M_buf);
+        _M_filepos = this->_M_buf;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      void
+      _M_set_determinate(off_type __off)
+      {
+        bool __testin = this->_M_mode & ios_base::in;
+        bool __testout = this->_M_mode & ios_base::out;
+        if (__testin)
+          this->setg(this->_M_buf, this->_M_buf, this->_M_buf + __off);
+        if (__testout)
+          this->setp(this->_M_buf, this->_M_buf + __off);
+        _M_filepos = this->_M_buf + __off;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      bool
+      _M_is_indeterminate(void)
+      { 
+        bool __ret = false;
+        // Don't return true if unbuffered.
+        if (this->_M_buf)
+          {
+            if (this->_M_mode & ios_base::in)
+              __ret = this->_M_in_beg == this->_M_in_cur && this->_M_in_cur == this->_M_in_end;
+            if (this->_M_mode & ios_base::out)
+              __ret = this->_M_out_beg == this->_M_out_cur && this->_M_out_cur == this->_M_out_end;
+          }
+        return __ret;
+      }
+    };
+
+  // Explicit specialization declarations, defined in src/fstream.cc.
+  template<> 
+    basic_filebuf<char>::int_type 
+    basic_filebuf<char>::_M_underflow_common(bool __bump);
+
+ #ifdef _GLIBCPP_USE_WCHAR_T
+  template<> 
+    basic_filebuf<wchar_t>::int_type 
+    basic_filebuf<wchar_t>::_M_underflow_common(bool __bump);
+ #endif
+
+  // Generic definitions.
+  template <typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
+    typename basic_filebuf<_CharT, _Traits>::int_type
+    basic_filebuf<_CharT, _Traits>::underflow() 
+    { return _M_underflow_common(false); }
+
+  template <typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
+    typename basic_filebuf<_CharT, _Traits>::int_type
+    basic_filebuf<_CharT, _Traits>::uflow() 
+    { return _M_underflow_common(true); }
+
+
+  // [27.8.1.5] Template class basic_ifstream
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Controlling input for files.
+   *
+   *  This class supports reading from named files, using the inherited
+   *  functions from std::basic_istream.  To control the associated
+   *  sequence, an instance of std::basic_filebuf is used, which this page
+   *  refers to as @c sb.
+  */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
+    class basic_ifstream : public basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>
+    {
+    public:
+      // Types:
+      typedef _CharT                                    char_type;
+      typedef _Traits                                   traits_type;
+      typedef typename traits_type::int_type            int_type;
+      typedef typename traits_type::pos_type            pos_type;
+      typedef typename traits_type::off_type            off_type;
+
+      // Non-standard types:
+      typedef basic_filebuf<char_type, traits_type>     __filebuf_type;
+      typedef basic_istream<char_type, traits_type>     __istream_type;
+
+    private:
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      __filebuf_type    _M_filebuf;
+
+    public:
+      // Constructors/Destructors:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Default constructor.
+       *
+       *  Initializes @c sb using its default constructor, and passes
+       *  @c &sb to the base class initializer.  Does not open any files
+       *  (you haven't given it a filename to open).
+      */
+      basic_ifstream()
+      : __istream_type(NULL), _M_filebuf()
+      { this->init(&_M_filebuf); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Create an input file stream.
+       *  @param  s  Null terminated string specifying the filename.
+       *  @param  mode  Open file in specified mode (see std::ios_base).
+       *
+       *  @c ios_base::in is automatically included in @a mode.
+       *
+       *  Tip:  When using std::string to hold the filename, you must use
+       *  .c_str() before passing it to this constructor.
+      */
+      explicit
+      basic_ifstream(const char* __s, ios_base::openmode __mode = ios_base::in)
+      : __istream_type(NULL), _M_filebuf()
+      {
+        this->init(&_M_filebuf);
+        this->open(__s, __mode);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  The destructor does nothing.
+       *
+       *  The file is closed by the filebuf object, not the formatting
+       *  stream.
+      */
+      ~basic_ifstream()
+      { }
+
+      // Members:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Accessing the underlying buffer.
+       *  @return  The current basic_filebuf buffer.
+       *
+       *  This hides both signatures of std::basic_ios::rdbuf().
+      */
+      __filebuf_type*
+      rdbuf() const
+      { return const_cast<__filebuf_type*>(&_M_filebuf); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Wrapper to test for an open file.
+       *  @return  @c rdbuf()->is_open()
+      */
+      bool
+      is_open() { return _M_filebuf.is_open(); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Opens an external file.
+       *  @param  s  The name of the file.
+       *  @param  mode  The open mode flags.
+       *
+       *  Calls @c std::basic_filebuf::open(s,mode|in).  If that function
+       *  fails, @c failbit is set in the stream's error state.
+       *
+       *  Tip:  When using std::string to hold the filename, you must use
+       *  .c_str() before passing it to this constructor.
+      */
+      void
+      open(const char* __s, ios_base::openmode __mode = ios_base::in)
+      {
+        if (!_M_filebuf.open(__s, __mode | ios_base::in))
+          this->setstate(ios_base::failbit);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Close the file.
+       *
+       *  Calls @c std::basic_filebuf::close().  If that function
+       *  fails, @c failbit is set in the stream's error state.
+      */
+      void
+      close()
+      {
+        if (!_M_filebuf.close())
+          this->setstate(ios_base::failbit);
+      }
+    };
+
+
+  // [27.8.1.8] Template class basic_ofstream
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Controlling output for files.
+   *
+   *  This class supports reading from named files, using the inherited
+   *  functions from std::basic_ostream.  To control the associated
+   *  sequence, an instance of std::basic_filebuf is used, which this page
+   *  refers to as @c sb.
+  */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
+    class basic_ofstream : public basic_ostream<_CharT,_Traits>
+    {
+    public:
+      // Types:
+      typedef _CharT                                    char_type;
+      typedef _Traits                                   traits_type;
+      typedef typename traits_type::int_type            int_type;
+      typedef typename traits_type::pos_type            pos_type;
+      typedef typename traits_type::off_type            off_type;
+
+      // Non-standard types:
+      typedef basic_filebuf<char_type, traits_type>     __filebuf_type;
+      typedef basic_ostream<char_type, traits_type>     __ostream_type;
+
+    private:
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      __filebuf_type    _M_filebuf;
+
+    public:
+      // Constructors:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Default constructor.
+       *
+       *  Initializes @c sb using its default constructor, and passes
+       *  @c &sb to the base class initializer.  Does not open any files
+       *  (you haven't given it a filename to open).
+      */
+      basic_ofstream()
+      : __ostream_type(NULL), _M_filebuf()
+      { this->init(&_M_filebuf); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Create an output file stream.
+       *  @param  s  Null terminated string specifying the filename.
+       *  @param  mode  Open file in specified mode (see std::ios_base).
+       *
+       *  @c ios_base::out|ios_base::trunc is automatically included in
+       *  @a mode.
+       *
+       *  Tip:  When using std::string to hold the filename, you must use
+       *  .c_str() before passing it to this constructor.
+      */
+      explicit
+      basic_ofstream(const char* __s,
+                     ios_base::openmode __mode = ios_base::out|ios_base::trunc)
+      : __ostream_type(NULL), _M_filebuf()
+      {
+        this->init(&_M_filebuf);
+        this->open(__s, __mode);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  The destructor does nothing.
+       *
+       *  The file is closed by the filebuf object, not the formatting
+       *  stream.
+      */
+      ~basic_ofstream()
+      { }
+
+      // Members:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Accessing the underlying buffer.
+       *  @return  The current basic_filebuf buffer.
+       *
+       *  This hides both signatures of std::basic_ios::rdbuf().
+      */
+      __filebuf_type*
+      rdbuf() const
+      { return const_cast<__filebuf_type*>(&_M_filebuf); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Wrapper to test for an open file.
+       *  @return  @c rdbuf()->is_open()
+      */
+      bool
+      is_open() { return _M_filebuf.is_open(); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Opens an external file.
+       *  @param  s  The name of the file.
+       *  @param  mode  The open mode flags.
+       *
+       *  Calls @c std::basic_filebuf::open(s,mode|out|trunc).  If that
+       *  function fails, @c failbit is set in the stream's error state.
+       *
+       *  Tip:  When using std::string to hold the filename, you must use
+       *  .c_str() before passing it to this constructor.
+      */
+      void
+      open(const char* __s,
+           ios_base::openmode __mode = ios_base::out | ios_base::trunc)
+      {
+        if (!_M_filebuf.open(__s, __mode | ios_base::out))
+          this->setstate(ios_base::failbit);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Close the file.
+       *
+       *  Calls @c std::basic_filebuf::close().  If that function
+       *  fails, @c failbit is set in the stream's error state.
+      */
+      void
+      close()
+      {
+        if (!_M_filebuf.close())
+          this->setstate(ios_base::failbit);
+      }
+    };
+
+
+  // [27.8.1.11] Template class basic_fstream
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Controlling intput and output for files.
+   *
+   *  This class supports reading from and writing to named files, using
+   *  the inherited functions from std::basic_iostream.  To control the
+   *  associated sequence, an instance of std::basic_filebuf is used, which
+   *  this page refers to as @c sb.
+  */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
+    class basic_fstream : public basic_iostream<_CharT, _Traits>
+    {
+    public:
+      // Types:
+      typedef _CharT                                    char_type;
+      typedef _Traits                                   traits_type;
+      typedef typename traits_type::int_type            int_type;
+      typedef typename traits_type::pos_type            pos_type;
+      typedef typename traits_type::off_type            off_type;
+
+      // Non-standard types:
+      typedef basic_filebuf<char_type, traits_type>     __filebuf_type;
+      typedef basic_ios<char_type, traits_type>         __ios_type;
+      typedef basic_iostream<char_type, traits_type>    __iostream_type;
+
+    private:
+      /**
+       *  @if maint
+       *  @doctodo
+       *  @endif
+      */
+      __filebuf_type    _M_filebuf;
+
+    public:
+      // Constructors/destructor:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Default constructor.
+       *
+       *  Initializes @c sb using its default constructor, and passes
+       *  @c &sb to the base class initializer.  Does not open any files
+       *  (you haven't given it a filename to open).
+      */
+      basic_fstream()
+      : __iostream_type(NULL), _M_filebuf()
+      { this->init(&_M_filebuf); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Create an input/output file stream.
+       *  @param  s  Null terminated string specifying the filename.
+       *  @param  mode  Open file in specified mode (see std::ios_base).
+       *
+       *  Tip:  When using std::string to hold the filename, you must use
+       *  .c_str() before passing it to this constructor.
+      */
+      explicit
+      basic_fstream(const char* __s,
+                    ios_base::openmode __mode = ios_base::in | ios_base::out)
+      : __iostream_type(NULL), _M_filebuf()
+      {
+        this->init(&_M_filebuf);
+        this->open(__s, __mode);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  The destructor does nothing.
+       *
+       *  The file is closed by the filebuf object, not the formatting
+       *  stream.
+      */
+      ~basic_fstream()
+      { }
+
+      // Members:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Accessing the underlying buffer.
+       *  @return  The current basic_filebuf buffer.
+       *
+       *  This hides both signatures of std::basic_ios::rdbuf().
+      */
+      __filebuf_type*
+      rdbuf() const
+      { return const_cast<__filebuf_type*>(&_M_filebuf); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Wrapper to test for an open file.
+       *  @return  @c rdbuf()->is_open()
+      */
+      bool
+      is_open() { return _M_filebuf.is_open(); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Opens an external file.
+       *  @param  s  The name of the file.
+       *  @param  mode  The open mode flags.
+       *
+       *  Calls @c std::basic_filebuf::open(s,mode).  If that
+       *  function fails, @c failbit is set in the stream's error state.
+       *
+       *  Tip:  When using std::string to hold the filename, you must use
+       *  .c_str() before passing it to this constructor.
+      */
+      void
+      open(const char* __s,
+           ios_base::openmode __mode = ios_base::in | ios_base::out)
+      {
+        if (!_M_filebuf.open(__s, __mode))
+          this->setstate(ios_base::failbit);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Close the file.
+       *
+       *  Calls @c std::basic_filebuf::close().  If that function
+       *  fails, @c failbit is set in the stream's error state.
+      */
+      void
+      close()
+      {
+        if (!_M_filebuf.close())
+          this->setstate(ios_base::failbit);
+      }
+    };
+} // namespace std
+
+#ifdef _GLIBCPP_NO_TEMPLATE_EXPORT
+# define export
+#endif
+#ifdef  _GLIBCPP_FULLY_COMPLIANT_HEADERS
+# include <bits/fstream.tcc>
+#endif
+
+#endif