gbarcode 0.98.16-mswin32

data/ext/code39.c

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+/*
+ * code39.c -- encoding for code39
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 1999 Alessandro Rubini (rubini@gnu.org)
+ * Copyright (c) 1999 Prosa Srl. (prosa@prosa.it)
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "barcode.h"
+
+
+/* this is ordered in decades to simplify encoding */
+static char alphabet[] = 
+   "1234567890" "ABCDEFGHIJ" "KLMNOPQRST" "UVWXYZ-. *" "$/+%";
+
+/* the checksum alphabet has a different order */
+static char checkbet[] = 
+   "0123456789" "ABCDEFGHIJ" "KLMNOPQRST" "UVWXYZ-. $" "/+%";
+
+/* The first 40 symbols repeat this bar pattern */
+static char *bars[] = {
+   "31113","13113","33111","11313","31311",
+   "13311","11133","31131","13131","11331"};
+
+/* The first 4 decades use these space patterns */
+static char *spaces[] = {"1311","1131","1113","3111"};
+
+/* the last four symbols are special */
+static char *specialbars[] = {
+   "11111","11111","11111","11111"};
+
+static char *specialspaces[] = {
+   "3331","3313","3133","1333"};
+
+static char *fillers[]= {
+    "0a3a1c1c1a",
+    "1a3a1c1c1a"
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * Check that the text can be encoded. Returns 0 or -1.
+ * If it's all lowecase convert to uppercase and accept it
+ */
+int Barcode_39_verify(unsigned char *text)
+{
+    int i, lower=0, upper=0;
+
+    if (text[0] == '\0')
+	return -1;
+    for (i=0; text[i]; i++) {
+        if (isupper(text[i])) upper++;
+        if (islower(text[i])) lower++;
+        if (!strchr(alphabet,toupper(text[i])))
+            return -1;
+    }
+    if (lower && upper)
+        return -1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_one(char *ptr, int code)
+{
+    char *b, *s;
+
+    if (code < 40) {
+        b = bars[code%10];
+        s = spaces[code/10];
+    } else {
+        b = specialbars[code-40];
+        s = specialspaces[code-40];
+    }
+    sprintf(ptr,"1%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c", /* separator */
+            b[0], s[0], b[1], s[1], b[2], s[2],
+            b[3], s[3], b[4]);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The encoding functions fills the "partial" and "textinfo" fields.
+ * Lowercase chars are converted to uppercase
+ */
+int Barcode_39_encode(struct Barcode_Item *bc)
+{
+    static char *text;
+    static char *partial;  /* dynamic */
+    static char *textinfo; /* dynamic */
+    char *c, *ptr, *textptr;
+    int i, code, textpos, checksum = 0;
+
+    if (bc->partial)
+	free(bc->partial);
+    if (bc->textinfo)
+	free(bc->textinfo);
+    bc->partial = bc->textinfo = NULL; /* safe */
+
+    if (!bc->encoding)
+	bc->encoding = strdup("code 39");
+
+    text = bc->ascii;
+    if (!text) {
+        bc->error = EINVAL;
+        return -1;
+    }
+    /* the partial code is 10* (head + text + check + tail) + margin + term. */
+    partial = malloc( (strlen(text) + 3) * 10 +2);
+    if (!partial) {
+        bc->error = errno;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* the text information is at most "nnn:fff:c " * strlen +term */
+    textinfo = malloc(10*strlen(text) + 2);
+    if (!textinfo) {
+        bc->error = errno;
+        free(partial);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    strcpy(partial, fillers[0]);
+    ptr = partial + strlen(partial);
+    textptr = textinfo;
+    textpos = 22;
+
+    for (i=0; text[i]; i++) {
+        c = strchr(alphabet, toupper(text[i]));
+        if (!c) {
+            bc->error = EINVAL; /* impossible if text is verified */
+            free(partial);
+            free(textinfo);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        code = c - alphabet;
+        add_one(ptr, code);
+        c = strchr(checkbet,*c);
+        if (c) /* the '*' is not there */
+            checksum += (c-checkbet);
+        sprintf(textptr, "%i:12:%c ", textpos, toupper(text[i]));
+        
+        textpos += 16; /* width of each code */
+        textptr += strlen(textptr);
+        ptr += strlen(ptr); 
+    }
+    /* Add the checksum */
+    if ( (bc->flags & BARCODE_NO_CHECKSUM)==0 ) {
+	code = (strchr(alphabet, checkbet[checksum % 43]) - alphabet);
+	add_one(ptr, code);
+    }
+    strcat(ptr, fillers[1]); /* end */
+    bc->partial = partial;
+    bc->textinfo = textinfo;
+
+    return 0;
+}

data/ext/code93.c

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/*
+ * code39.c -- encoding for code39
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 1999 Alessandro Rubini (rubini@gnu.org) 
+ * Copyright (c) 1999 Prosa Srl. (prosa@prosa.it)
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 Nathan D. Holmes / FedEx Services (ndholmes@fedex.com) 
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "barcode.h"
+
+
+/* this is ordered in decades to simplify encoding */
+static char alphabet[] = 
+   "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ-. $/+%";
+
+static char *codeset[] = {
+	"131112", "111213", "111312", "111411", "121113",  /*  0  -  4 */
+	"121212", "121311", "111114", "131211", "141111",  /*  5  -  9 */
+	"211113", "211212", "211311", "221112", "221211",  /*  A  -  E */
+	"231111", "112113", "112212", "112311", "122112",  /*  F  -  J */
+	"132111", "111123", "111222", "111321", "121122",  /*  K  -  O */
+	"131121", "212112", "212211", "211122", "211221",  /*  P  -  T */
+	"221121", "222111", "112122", "112221", "122121",  /*  U  -  Y */
+	"123111", "121131", "311112", "311211", "321111",  /*  Z  -  $ */
+	"112131", "113121", "211131", "121221", "312111",  /*  /  - (%) */
+	"311121", "122211", "111141"                       /* (/) -  (terminator) */
+};
+
+
+/*      00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111111111111111111111111 */
+/*      00000000001111111111222222222233333333334444444444555555555566666666667777777777888888888899999999990000000000111111111122222222 */
+/*      01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567 */
+static char shiftset[] =
+       "%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$%%%%% ///  ///// /             /%%%%%%                          %%%%%%++++++++++++++++++++++++++%%%%%";
+static char shiftset2[] =
+       "UABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDE ABC  FGHIJ L             ZFGHIJV                          KLMNOWABCDEFGHIJLKMNOPQRSTUVWXYZPQRST";
+
+#define START_STOP 47
+#define EXTEND_DOLLAR   43
+#define EXTEND_PERCENT   44
+#define EXTEND_SLASH   45
+#define EXTEND_PLUS   46
+
+/*
+ * Check that the text can be encoded. Returns 0 or -1.
+ * All of ASCII-7 is accepted.
+ */
+int Barcode_93_verify(unsigned char *text)
+{
+    int i;
+
+    if (!strlen(text))
+	return -1;
+    for (i=0; text[i]; i++) {
+
+        /* Test if beyond the range of 7-bit ASCII */
+        if ((int)text[i] > 127)
+            return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The encoding functions fills the "partial" and "textinfo" fields.
+ * Lowercase chars are converted to uppercase
+ */
+int Barcode_93_encode(struct Barcode_Item *bc)
+{
+    static unsigned char *text;
+    static char *partial;  /* dynamic */
+    static char *textinfo; /* dynamic */
+    char *c, *textptr;
+    int *checksum_str;
+    int i, code, textpos, checksum_len=0;
+    int c_checksum = 0;
+    int k_checksum = 0;
+
+    if (bc->partial)
+	free(bc->partial);
+    if (bc->textinfo)
+	free(bc->textinfo);
+    bc->partial = bc->textinfo = NULL; /* safe */
+
+    if (!bc->encoding)
+	bc->encoding = strdup("code 93");
+
+    text = bc->ascii;
+    if (!text) {
+        bc->error = EINVAL;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* the partial code is 6 * (head + 2* text + 2* check + tail) + margin + term. */
+    partial = malloc( (strlen(text) *2 + 4) * 6 +2);
+    if (!partial) {
+        bc->error = errno;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    checksum_str = (int *)malloc( (strlen(text) + 3) * 2 * sizeof(int));
+    if (!checksum_str) {
+	free(partial);
+        bc->error = errno;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* the text information is at most "nnn:fff:c " * strlen +term */
+    textinfo = malloc(10*strlen(text) + 2);
+    if (!textinfo) {
+        bc->error = errno;
+        free(partial);
+	free(checksum_str);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    textptr = textinfo;
+    textpos = 22;
+    strcpy(partial, "0");
+    strcat(partial, codeset[START_STOP]);
+
+    for (i=0; i<strlen(text); i++) {
+        c = strchr(alphabet, text[i]);
+        if (!c) {
+           /* Encode the shift character */
+	   switch(shiftset[text[i]])
+           {
+              case '$':
+                 code = EXTEND_DOLLAR;
+                 break;
+              case '%':
+                 code = EXTEND_PERCENT;
+                 break;
+              case '/':
+                 code = EXTEND_SLASH;
+                 break;
+              case '+':
+                 code = EXTEND_PLUS;
+                 break;
+              default:
+                 code = 0;
+                 break;
+           }
+
+           strcat(partial, codeset[code]);
+           checksum_str[checksum_len++] = code;
+
+           /* Encode the second character */
+           code = strchr(alphabet, shiftset2[text[i]]) - alphabet;
+           strcat(partial, codeset[code]);
+           checksum_str[checksum_len++] = code;
+        } else {
+            /* Character is natively supported by the symbology, encode directly */
+            code = c - alphabet;
+            strcat(partial, codeset[c -alphabet]);
+            checksum_str[checksum_len++] = code;
+        }
+        sprintf(textptr, "%i:12:%c ", textpos, text[i]);
+        textptr += strlen(textptr);
+	/*
+	 * width of each code is 9; composed codes are 18, but aligning
+	 * the text behind the right bars would be ugly, so use 9 anyways
+	 */
+        textpos += 9;
+    }
+    c_checksum=0;
+    k_checksum=0;
+
+    /* Add the checksum */
+    if ( (bc->flags & BARCODE_NO_CHECKSUM)==0 ) 
+    {
+        for(i=1; i<=checksum_len; i++)
+        {
+           c_checksum += i * (int)checksum_str[checksum_len - i];
+           k_checksum += (i+1) * (int)checksum_str[checksum_len - i];
+        }
+
+        c_checksum = c_checksum % 47;
+        k_checksum += c_checksum;                           
+        k_checksum = k_checksum % 47;
+
+        strcat(partial, codeset[c_checksum]);
+        strcat(partial, codeset[k_checksum]);
+
+    }
+    strcat(partial, codeset[START_STOP]); /* end */
+
+    /* Encodes final 1-unit width bar to turn the start character into a stop char */
+    strcat(partial, "1");
+    bc->partial = partial;
+    bc->textinfo = textinfo;
+
+    return 0;
+}

data/ext/ean.c

@@ -0,0 +1,774 @@
+/*
+ * ean.c -- encoding for ean, upc and isbn
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 1999 Alessandro Rubini <rubini@gnu.org>
+ * Copyright (c) 1999 Prosa Srl. <prosa@prosa.it>
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 Boszormenyi Zoltan <zboszor@mail.externet.hu>
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "barcode.h"
+
+/*
+ * IMPORTANT NOTE: if you are reading this file to learn how to add a
+ * new encoding type, this is the wrong place as there are too many
+ * special cases. Please refer to code39.c instead. If you want to
+ * learn how UPC, EAN, ISBN work, on the other hand, I did my best to
+ * commend things and hope you enjoy it.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * These following static arrays are used to describe the barcode.
+ *
+ * The various forms of UPC and EAN are documented as using three
+ * different alphabets to encode the ten digits. However, each digit
+ * has exactly one encoding; only, it is sometimes mirrored. Moreover,
+ * if you represent the width of each symbol (bar/space) instead of
+ * the sequence of 1's and 0's, you find that even-parity and odd-parity
+ * encoding are exactly the same. So, here are the digits: */
+static char *digits[] = {
+     "3211","2221","2122","1411","1132",
+     "1231","1114","1312","1213","3112"};
+
+/*
+ * What EAN encoding does is adding a leading digit (the 13th digit).
+ * Such an extra digit is encoded by mirroring three of the six digits that
+ * appear in the left half of the UPC code. Here how mirroring works:
+ */
+static char *ean_mirrortab[] = {
+     "------","--1-11","--11-1","--111-","-1--11",
+     "-11--1","-111--","-1-1-1","-1-11-","-11-1-"
+};
+
+/*
+ * UPC-E (the 6-digit one), instead, encodes the check character as
+ * a mirroring of the symbols. This is similar, but the encoding for "0" is
+ * different (EAN uses no mirroring for "0" to be compatible with UPC).
+ * The same rule is used for UPC-5 (the supplemental digits for ISBN)
+ */
+static char *upc_mirrortab[] = {
+     "---111","--1-11","--11-1","--111-","-1--11",
+     "-11--1","-111--","-1-1-1","-1-11-","-11-1-"
+};
+
+/*
+ * UPC-E mirroring for encoding "1"
+ */
+static char *upc_mirrortab1[] = {
+     "111---","11-1--","11--1-","11---1","1-11--",
+     "1--11-","1---11","1-1-1-","1-1--1","1--1-1"
+};
+
+/* UPC-2 has just two digits to mirror */
+static char *upc_mirrortab2[] = {
+    "11","1-","-1","--"
+};
+
+/*
+ * initial, middle, final guard bars (first symbol is a a space).
+ * EAN-13 overwrites the first "0" with "9" to make space for the extra digit.
+ */
+static char *guard[] = {"0a1a","1a1a1","a1a"};
+
+/* initial, final guard bars for UPC-E*/
+static char *guardE[] = {"0a1a","1a1a1a"};
+
+/* initial and inter-char guard bars for supplementals (first is space) */
+static char *guardS[] = {"9112","11"};
+
+/*
+ * These functions are shortcuts I use in the encoding engine
+ */
+static int ean_make_checksum(char *text, int mode)
+{
+    int esum = 0, osum = 0, i;
+    int even=1; /* last char is even */
+
+    if (strchr(text, ' '))
+	i = strchr(text, ' ') - text; /* end of first part */
+    else 
+	i = strlen(text); /* end of all */
+
+    while (i-- > 0) {
+	if (even) esum += text[i]-'0';
+	else      osum += text[i]-'0';
+	even = !even;
+    }
+    if (!mode) { /* standard upc/ean checksum */
+	i = (3*esum + osum) % 10;
+	return (10-i) % 10; /* complement to 10 */
+    } else { /* add-5 checksum */
+	i = (3*esum + 9*osum);
+	return i%10;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check that the text can be encoded. Returns 0 or -1.
+ * Accept:
+ *   13 or 12 digits: EAN-13 w/ or w/o checksum
+ * or
+ *   8 or 7 digits: EAN-8 w/ or w/o checksum.
+ * For both EAN-13 and EAN-8, accept an addon of 2 or 5 digits,
+ * separated by ' '
+ */
+int Barcode_ean_verify(unsigned char *text)
+{
+    int i, len0, len, addon;
+    unsigned char tmp[24], *spc;
+
+    len = strlen(text);
+    spc = strchr(text, ' ');
+    if (spc) {
+	len0 = spc - text;
+	addon = len - len0 - 1;
+	if (addon != 2 && addon != 5)
+		return -1;
+	for (i=len0+1; i<len; i++)
+	    if (!isdigit(text[i]))
+		return -1;
+    } else
+	len0 = len;
+
+    for (i=0; i<len0; i++)
+        if (!isdigit(text[i]))
+            return -1;
+
+    switch (len0) {
+    case 8:
+	strncpy(tmp, text, 7);
+	tmp[7] = '\0';
+	if (text[7] != (ean_make_checksum(tmp, 0) + '0'))
+		return -1;
+    case 7:
+    	break;
+    case 13:
+	strncpy(tmp, text, 12);
+	tmp[12] = '\0';
+	if (text[12] != (ean_make_checksum(tmp, 0) + '0'))
+		return -1;
+    case 12:
+    	break;
+    default:
+	return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Expand the middle part of UPC-E to UPC-A */
+static char *upc_e_to_a0(unsigned char *text)
+{
+    static char result[16];
+    strcpy(result, "00000000000"); /* 11 0's */
+
+    switch(text[5]) { /* last char */
+        case '0': case '1': case '2':
+	    strncpy(result+1, text,  2); result[3]=text[5]; /* Manuf. */
+	    memcpy(result+8, text+2, 3); /* Product */
+	    break;
+        case '3':
+	    memcpy(result+1, text,   3); /* Manufacturer */
+	    memcpy(result+9, text+3, 2); /* Product */
+	    break;
+        case '4':
+	    memcpy(result+1,  text,   4); /* Manufacturer */
+	    memcpy(result+10, text+4, 1); /* Product */
+	    break;
+        default:
+	    memcpy(result+1,  text,   5); /* Manufacturer */
+	    memcpy(result+10, text+5, 1); /* Product */
+	    break;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/* Try to expand an UPC-E barcode to its UPC-A equivalent.
+ * Accept 6, 7 or 8-digit sequence (not counting the addon):
+ *  6:  only the middle part, encoding "0", w/o checksum.
+ *  7:  the middle part, encoding "0" with a correct checksum
+ *    or
+ *      the middle part, encoding "0" or "1" prepended
+ *  8:  fully qualified UPC-E with checksum.
+ *
+ * Returns a 11 digit UPC-A (w/o checksum) for valid EPC-E barcode
+ * or an empty string for an invalid one.
+ *
+ * The checksum for UPC-E is calculated using its UPC-A equivalent.
+ */
+static char *upc_e_to_a(unsigned char *text)
+{
+    static unsigned char	result[16], *spc;
+    int				len, chk;
+
+    spc = strchr(text, ' ');
+    if (spc)
+	len = spc - text;
+    else
+	len = strlen(text);
+
+    switch (len) {
+    case 6:
+	strcpy(result, upc_e_to_a0(text));
+	return result;
+    case 7:
+	/* the first char is '0' or '1':
+	 * valid number system for UPC-E and no checksum
+	 */
+	if (text[0] == '0' || text[0] == '1') {
+		strcpy(result, upc_e_to_a0(text+1));
+		result[0] = text[0];
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	/* Find out whether the 7th char is correct checksum */
+	strcpy(result, upc_e_to_a0(text));
+	chk = ean_make_checksum(result, 0);
+
+	if (chk == (text[len-1] - '0'))
+		return result;
+	/* Invalid 7 digit representation for UPC-E. */
+	return NULL;
+    case 8:
+	if (text[0] == '0' || text[0] == '1') {
+		strcpy(result, upc_e_to_a0(text+1));
+		result[0] = text[0];
+		chk = ean_make_checksum(result, 0);
+		if (chk == (text[len-1] - '0'))
+			return result;
+	}
+    default:
+	/* Invalid representation for UPC-E. */
+	return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Accept a 11 or 12 digit UPC-A barcode and
+ * shrink it into an 8-digit UPC-E equivalent if possible.
+ * Return NULL if impossible, the UPC-E barcode if possible.
+ */
+static unsigned char *upc_a_to_e(unsigned char *text)
+{
+    static unsigned char	result[16];
+    int				len, chksum;
+
+    len = strlen(text);
+    switch (len) {
+    case 12:
+	strcpy(result, text);
+	result[11] = '\0';
+	chksum = ean_make_checksum(result, 0);
+	if (text[11] != (chksum - '0'))
+		return NULL;
+	break;
+    case 11:
+	chksum = ean_make_checksum(text, 0);
+	break;
+    default:
+	return NULL;
+    }
+
+    strcpy(result, "00000000"); /* 8 0's*/
+
+    /* UPC-E can only be used with number system 0 or 1 */
+    if (text[0] != '0' && text[0] != '1')
+    	return NULL;
+
+    result[0] = text[0];
+
+    if ((text[3] == '0' || text[3] == '1' || text[3] == '2')
+	    && !strncmp(text+4, "0000", 4)) {
+ 	memcpy(&result[1], text+1, 2);
+ 	memcpy(&result[3], text+8, 3);
+	result[6] = text[3];
+    } else if (!strncmp(text+4, "00000", 5)) {
+ 	memcpy(&result[1], text+1, 3);
+ 	memcpy(&result[4], text+9, 2);
+	result[6] = '3';
+    } else if (!strncmp(text+5, "00000", 5)) {
+	memcpy(&result[1], text+1, 4);
+	result[5] = text[10];
+	result[6] = '4';
+    } else if ((text[5] != '0') && !strncmp(text+6, "0000", 4)
+	    && text[10] >= '5' && text[10] <= '9') {
+ 	memcpy(&result[1], text+1, 5);
+	result[6] = text[10];
+    } else {
+	return NULL;
+    }
+    result[7] = chksum + '0';
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * UPC-A is the same as EAN, but accept
+ *    12 or 11 digits (UPC-A w/ or w/o checksum)
+ * or accept UPC-E as:
+ *    6 digits (w/o number system and checksum): number system '0' assumed,
+ *    7 digits (either w/o number system or checksum),
+ *    8 digits (w/ number system and checksum)
+ * plus the 2 or 5-digit add-on
+ */
+int Barcode_upc_verify(unsigned char *text)
+{
+    int i, len0, len, addon;
+    unsigned char tmp[24], *spc;
+
+    len = strlen(text);
+    spc = strchr(text, ' ');
+    if (spc) {
+	len0 = spc - text;
+	addon = len - len0 - 1;
+	if (addon != 2 && addon != 5)
+		return -1;
+	for (i=len0+1; i<len; i++)
+	    if (!isdigit(text[i]))
+		return -1;
+    } else
+	len0 = len;
+
+    for (i=0; i<len0; i++)
+        if (!isdigit(text[i]))
+            return -1;
+
+    switch (len0) {
+    case 6: case 7: case 8:
+	strncpy(tmp, text, len0);
+	tmp[len0] = '\0';
+	if (!upc_e_to_a(tmp))
+		return -1;
+	break;
+    case 12:
+	strncpy(tmp, text, 11);
+	tmp[11] = '\0';
+	if (text[11] != (ean_make_checksum(tmp, 0) + '0'))
+		return -1;
+    case 11:
+    	break;
+    default:
+	return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Isbn is the same as EAN, just shorter. Dashes are accepted, the
+ * check character (if specified) is skipped, the extra 5 digits are
+ * accepted after a blank.
+ */
+int Barcode_isbn_verify(unsigned char *text)
+{
+    int i, ndigit=0;
+
+    for (i=0; text[i]; i++) {
+	if (text[i] == '-')
+	    continue;
+	if (isdigit(text[i])) {
+	    ndigit++;
+	    if (ndigit == 9) { /* got it all */
+		i++; break;
+	    }
+	    continue;
+	}
+	return -1; /* found non-digit */
+    }
+    if (ndigit!=9) return -1; /* too short */
+
+    /* skip an hyphen, if any */
+    if (text[i] == '-')
+	i++;
+    /* accept one more char if any (the checksum) */
+    if (isdigit(text[i]) || toupper(text[i])=='X')
+	i++;
+    if (text[i] == '\0')
+	return 0; /* Ok */
+
+    /* and accept the extra price tag (blank + 5 digits), if any */
+    if (strlen(text+i) != 6)
+	return -1;
+    if (text[i] != ' ')
+	return -1;
+    i++; /* skip the blank */
+    while (text[i]) {
+	if (!isdigit(text[i]))
+	    return -1;
+	i++;
+    }
+    return 0; /* Ok: isbn + 5-digit addon */
+}
+
+static int width_of_partial(unsigned char *partial)
+{
+    int i=0;
+    while (*partial) {
+	if (isdigit(*partial))
+	    i += *partial - '0';
+	else if (islower(*partial))
+	    i += *partial - 'a' + 1;
+	partial++;
+    }
+    return i;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The encoding functions fills the "partial" and "textinfo" fields.
+ * This one deals with both upc (-A and -E) and ean (13 and 8).
+ */
+int Barcode_ean_encode(struct Barcode_Item *bc)
+{
+    static char text[24];
+    static char partial[256];
+    static char textinfo[256];
+    char *mirror, *ptr1, *ptr2, *tptr = textinfo; /* where text is written */
+    char *spc;
+
+    enum {UPCA, UPCE, EAN13, EAN8, ISBN} encoding = ISBN;
+    int i, xpos, checksum, len, len0, addon;
+
+    if (!bc->ascii) {
+	bc->error = EINVAL;
+	return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Find out whether the barcode has addon and
+     * the length of the barcode w/o the addon.
+     */
+    len = strlen(bc->ascii);
+    spc = strchr(bc->ascii, ' ');
+    if (spc) {
+	len0 = spc - bc->ascii;
+	addon = strlen(spc + 1);
+	if (addon != 2 && addon != 5) {
+	    bc->error = EINVAL; /* impossible, actually */
+	    return -1;
+	}
+    } else {
+	len0 = len;
+	addon = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (!bc->encoding) {
+	/* ISBN already wrote what it is; if unknown, find it out */
+
+	/*
+	 * Do not decide only by barcode length, it may be ambiguous.
+	 * Anyway, either the user specified the barcode type or
+	 * we already found a fitting one.
+	 */
+	switch(bc->flags & BARCODE_ENCODING_MASK) {
+	case BARCODE_EAN:
+		switch (len0) {
+		case 7: case 8:
+			bc->encoding = strdup("EAN-8");
+			encoding = EAN8;
+			break;
+		case 12: case 13:
+			bc->encoding = strdup("EAN-13");
+			encoding = EAN13;
+			break;
+		default:
+			bc->error = -EINVAL;
+			return -1;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case BARCODE_UPC:
+		switch (len0) {
+		case 6: case 7: case 8:
+			bc->encoding = strdup("UPC-E");
+			encoding = UPCE;
+			break;
+		case 11: case 12:
+			bc->encoding = strdup("UPC-A");
+			encoding = UPCA;
+			break;
+		default:
+			bc->error = -EINVAL;
+			return -1;
+		}
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* else, it's wrong (impossible, as the text is checked) */
+		bc->error = -EINVAL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+    }
+
+    /* better safe than sorry */
+    if (bc->partial)	free(bc->partial);  bc->partial =  NULL;
+    if (bc->textinfo)	free(bc->textinfo); bc->textinfo = NULL;
+
+    if (encoding == UPCA) { /* add the leading 0 (not printed) */
+	text[0] = '0';
+	strcpy(text+1, bc->ascii);
+    } else if (encoding == UPCE) {
+	strcpy(text, upc_a_to_e(upc_e_to_a(bc->ascii)));
+    } else {
+	strcpy(text, bc->ascii);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * build the checksum and the bars: any encoding is slightly different
+     */
+    if (encoding == UPCA || encoding == EAN13 || encoding == ISBN) {
+	if (!(encoding == UPCA && len0 == 12) &&
+		!(encoding == EAN13 && len0 == 13)) {
+		checksum = ean_make_checksum(text, 0);
+		text[12] = '0' + checksum; /* add it to the text */
+		text[13] = '\0';
+	}
+
+	strcpy(partial, guard[0]);
+	if (encoding == EAN13 || encoding == ISBN) { /* The first digit */
+	    sprintf(tptr,"0:12:%c ",text[0]);
+	    tptr += strlen(tptr);
+	    partial[0] = '9'; /* extra space for the digit */
+	} else if (encoding == UPCA)
+	    partial[0] = '9'; /* UPC has one digit before the symbol, too */
+	xpos = width_of_partial(partial);
+	mirror = ean_mirrortab[text[0]-'0'];
+
+	/* left part */
+	for (i=1;i<7;i++) {      
+	    ptr1 = partial + strlen(partial); /* target */
+	    ptr2 =  digits[text[i]-'0'];      /* source */
+	    strcpy(ptr1, ptr2);
+	    if (mirror[i-1] == '1') {
+		/* mirror this */
+		ptr1[0] = ptr2[3];
+		ptr1[1] = ptr2[2];
+		ptr1[2] = ptr2[1];
+		ptr1[3] = ptr2[0];
+	    }
+	    /*
+	     * Write the ascii digit. UPC has a special case
+	     * for the first digit, which is out of the bars
+	     */
+	    if (encoding == UPCA && i==1) {
+		sprintf(tptr, "0:10:%c ", text[i]);
+		tptr += strlen(tptr);
+		ptr1[1] += 'a'-'1'; /* bars are long */
+		ptr1[3] += 'a'-'1';
+	    } else {
+		sprintf(tptr, "%i:12:%c ", xpos, text[i]);
+		tptr += strlen(tptr);
+	    }
+	    /* count the width of the symbol */
+	    xpos += 7; /* width_of_partial(ptr2) */
+	}
+
+	strcat(partial, guard[1]); /* middle */
+	xpos += width_of_partial(guard[1]);
+    
+	/* right part */
+	for (i=7;i<13;i++) {  
+	    ptr1 = partial + strlen(partial); /* target */
+	    ptr2 =  digits[text[i]-'0'];      /* source */
+	    strcpy(ptr1, ptr2);
+	    /*
+	     * Ascii digit. Once again, UPC has a special
+	     * case for the last digit
+	     */
+	    if (encoding == UPCA && i==12) {
+		sprintf(tptr, "%i:10:%c ", xpos+13, text[i]);
+		tptr += strlen(tptr);
+		ptr1[0] += 'a'-'1'; /* bars are long */
+		ptr1[2] += 'a'-'1';
+	    } else {
+		sprintf(tptr, "%i:12:%c ", xpos, text[i]);
+		tptr += strlen(tptr);
+	    }
+	    xpos += 7; /* width_of_partial(ptr2) */
+	}
+	tptr[-1] = '\0'; /* overwrite last space */
+	strcat(partial, guard[2]); /* end */
+	xpos += width_of_partial(guard[2]);
+
+    } else if (encoding == UPCE) {
+	checksum = text[7] - '0';
+
+	strcpy(partial, guardE[0]);
+	partial[0] = '9'; /* UPC-A has one digit before the symbol, too */
+	xpos = width_of_partial(partial);
+
+	/* UPC-E has the number system written before the bars. */
+	sprintf(tptr, "0:10:%c ", text[0]);
+	tptr += strlen(tptr);
+
+	if (text[0] == '0')
+		mirror = upc_mirrortab[checksum];
+	else
+		mirror = upc_mirrortab1[checksum];
+
+	for (i=0;i<6;i++) {      
+	    ptr1 = partial + strlen(partial); /* target */
+	    ptr2 =  digits[text[i+1]-'0'];      /* source */
+	    strcpy(ptr1, ptr2);
+	    if (mirror[i] != '1') { /* negated wrt EAN13 */
+		/* mirror this */
+		ptr1[0] = ptr2[3];
+		ptr1[1] = ptr2[2];
+		ptr1[2] = ptr2[1];
+		ptr1[3] = ptr2[0];
+	    }
+	    sprintf(tptr, "%i:12:%c ", xpos, text[i+1]);
+	    tptr += strlen(tptr);
+	    xpos += 7; /* width_of_partial(ptr2) */
+	}
+
+	sprintf(tptr, "%i:10:%c ", xpos+10, text[7]);
+	tptr += strlen(tptr);
+	ptr1[0] += 'a'-'1'; /* bars are long */
+	ptr1[2] += 'a'-'1';
+
+	tptr[-1] = '\0'; /* overwrite last space */
+	strcat(partial, guardE[1]); /* end */
+
+    } else { /* EAN-8  almost identical to EAN-13 but no mirroring */
+
+	if (len0 != 8) {
+	    checksum = ean_make_checksum(text, 0);
+	    text[7] = '0' + checksum; /* add it to the text */
+	    text[8] = '\0';
+	}
+
+	strcpy(partial, guard[0]);
+	xpos = width_of_partial(partial);
+
+	/* left part */
+	for (i=0;i<4;i++) {      
+	    strcpy(partial + strlen(partial), digits[text[i]-'0']);
+	    sprintf(tptr, "%i:12:%c ", xpos, text[i]);
+	    tptr += strlen(tptr);
+	    xpos += 7; /* width_of_partial(digits[text[i]-'0' */
+	}
+	strcat(partial, guard[1]); /* middle */
+	xpos += width_of_partial(guard[1]);
+    
+	/* right part */
+	for (i=4;i<8;i++) {      
+	    strcpy(partial + strlen(partial), digits[text[i]-'0']);
+	    sprintf(tptr, "%i:12:%c ", xpos, text[i]);
+	    tptr += strlen(tptr);
+	    xpos += 7; /* width_of_partial(digits[text[i]-'0' */
+	}
+	tptr[-1] = '\0'; /* overwrite last space */
+	strcat(partial, guard[2]); /* end */
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * And that's it. Now, in case some add-on is specified it
+     * must be encoded too. Look for it.
+     */
+    if ( (ptr1 = spc) ) {
+	ptr1++;
+	strcpy(text, ptr1);
+	if (strlen(ptr1)==5) {
+	    checksum = ean_make_checksum(text, 1 /* special way */);
+	    mirror = upc_mirrortab[checksum]+1; /* only last 5 digits */
+	} else {
+	    checksum = atoi(text)%4;
+	    mirror = upc_mirrortab2[checksum];
+	}
+	strcat(textinfo, " +"); strcat(partial, "+");
+	tptr = textinfo + strlen(textinfo);
+	for (i=0; i<strlen(text); i++) {
+	    if (!i) {
+		strcat(partial, guardS[0]); /* separation and head */
+		xpos += width_of_partial(guardS[0]);
+	    } else {
+		strcat(partial, guardS[1]);
+		xpos += width_of_partial(guardS[1]);
+	    }
+	    ptr1 = partial + strlen(partial); /* target */
+	    ptr2 =  digits[text[i]-'0'];      /* source */
+	    strcpy(ptr1, ptr2);
+	    if (mirror[i] != '1') { /* negated wrt EAN13 */
+		/* mirror this */
+		ptr1[0] = ptr2[3];
+		ptr1[1] = ptr2[2];
+		ptr1[2] = ptr2[1];
+		ptr1[3] = ptr2[0];
+	    }
+	    /* and the text */
+	    sprintf(tptr, " %i:12:%c", xpos, text[i]);
+	    tptr += strlen(tptr);
+	    xpos += 7; /* width_of_partial(ptr2) */
+	}
+    }
+
+    /* all done, copy results to the data structure */
+    bc->partial = strdup(partial);
+    if (!bc->partial) {
+	bc->error = errno;
+	return -1;
+    }
+    bc->textinfo = strdup(textinfo);
+    if (!bc->textinfo) {
+	bc->error = errno;
+	free(bc->partial);
+	bc->partial = NULL;
+	return -1;
+    }
+    if (!bc->width)
+	bc->width = width_of_partial(partial);
+
+    return 0; /* success */
+}
+
+int Barcode_upc_encode(struct Barcode_Item *bc)
+{
+    return Barcode_ean_encode(bc); /* UPC is folded into EAN */
+}
+
+int Barcode_isbn_encode(struct Barcode_Item *bc)
+{
+    /* For ISBN we must normalize the string and prefix "978" */
+    unsigned char *text = malloc(24); /* 13 + ' ' + 5 plus some slack */
+    unsigned char *otext;
+    int i, j, retval;
+
+    if (!text) {
+	bc->error = ENOMEM;
+	return -1;
+    }
+    strcpy(text, "978"); j=3;
+
+    otext = bc->ascii;
+    for (i=0; otext[i]; i++) {
+	if (isdigit(otext[i]))
+	    text[j++] = otext[i];
+	if (j == 12) /* checksum added later */
+	    break;
+    }
+    text[j]='\0';
+    if (strchr(otext, ' '))
+	strcat(text, strchr(otext, ' '));
+    bc->ascii = text;
+    bc->encoding = strdup("ISBN");
+    retval = Barcode_ean_encode(bc);
+    bc->ascii = otext; /* restore ascii for the ps comments */
+    free(text);
+    return retval;
+}
+