functor 0.3.1 → 0.4.2
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- data/doc/HISTORY +2 -1
- data/doc/README +34 -8
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Functor.html +207 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Functor.src/M000001.html +18 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Functor.src/M000002.html +19 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Functor.src/M000003.html +18 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Functor.src/M000004.html +19 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Functor.src/M000005.html +16 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Functor/Method.html +131 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Functor/Method.src/M000006.html +25 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Object.html +147 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Object.src/M000007.html +25 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/created.rid +1 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/doc/HISTORY.html +111 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/doc/README.html +210 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/functor_rb.html +108 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/object_rb.html +101 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/fr_class_index.html +29 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/fr_file_index.html +30 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/fr_method_index.html +33 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/index.html +24 -0
- data/doc/rdoc/rdoc-style.css +208 -0
- data/lib/functor.rb +16 -11
- data/test/guards.rb +18 -8
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<pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/functor.rb, line 6</span>
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6: <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">self</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">included</span>( <span class="ruby-identifier">k</span> )
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7: <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">k</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">functors</span> ; <span class="ruby-ivar">@__functors</span> <span class="ruby-operator">||=</span> {} ; <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
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8: <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">k</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">functor</span>( <span class="ruby-identifier">name</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">&</span><span class="ruby-identifier">block</span> )
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9: <span class="ruby-keyword kw">unless</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">functors</span>[ <span class="ruby-identifier">name</span> ]
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10: <span class="ruby-identifier">functors</span>[ <span class="ruby-identifier">name</span> ] = <span class="ruby-constant">Functor</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>
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11: <span class="ruby-identifier">klass</span> = <span class="ruby-keyword kw">self</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">name</span> ; <span class="ruby-identifier">module_eval</span> <span class="ruby-value str">"def \#{name}( *args, &block )\nbegin\n\#{klass}.functors[ :\#{name} ].apply( self, *args, &block )\nrescue ArgumentError => e\nbegin\nsuper\nrescue NoMethodError => f\nraise e\nend\nend\nend\n"</span>
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12: <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
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13: <span class="ruby-identifier">functors</span>[ <span class="ruby-identifier">name</span> ].<span class="ruby-identifier">given</span>( <span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">&</span><span class="ruby-identifier">block</span> )
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14: <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
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15: <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span></pre>
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<title>Class: Object</title>
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<td><strong>Class</strong></td>
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<td class="class-name-in-header">Object</td>
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<td><strong>In:</strong></td>
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<td>
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<a href="../files/lib/object_rb.html">
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lib/object.rb
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Object
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<h3 class="section-bar">Methods</h3>
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<a href="#M000007">instance_exec</a>
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<span class="method-name">instance_exec</span><span class="method-args">(*args, &block)</span>
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<p>
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This is an extremely powerful little function that will be built-in to Ruby
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1.9. This version is from Mauricio Fernandez via ruby-talk. Works like
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instance_eval except that you can pass parameters to the block. This means
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you can define a block intended for use with instance_eval, pass it to
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another method, which can then invoke with parameters. This is used quite a
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bit by the Waves::Mapping code.
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<pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/object.rb, line 7</span>
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7: <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">instance_exec</span>(<span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">&</span><span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>)
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8: <span class="ruby-identifier">mname</span> = <span class="ruby-node">"__instance_exec_#{Thread.current.object_id.abs}"</span>
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9: <span class="ruby-keyword kw">class</span> <span class="ruby-operator"><<</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">self</span>; <span class="ruby-keyword kw">self</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">class_eval</span>{ <span class="ruby-identifier">define_method</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">mname</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">&</span><span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>) }
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10: <span class="ruby-keyword kw">begin</span>
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11: <span class="ruby-identifier">ret</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">send</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">mname</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>)
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12: <span class="ruby-keyword kw">ensure</span>
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13: <span class="ruby-keyword kw">class</span> <span class="ruby-operator"><<</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">self</span>; <span class="ruby-keyword kw">self</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">class_eval</span>{ <span class="ruby-identifier">undef_method</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">mname</span>) } <span class="ruby-keyword kw">rescue</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">nil</span>
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14: <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
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15: <span class="ruby-identifier">ret</span>
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16: <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span></pre>
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Mon, 16 Jun 2008 10:19:27 -0700
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<h1>HISTORY</h1>
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<td><strong>Path:</strong></td>
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<td>doc/HISTORY
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</td>
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<td><strong>Last Update:</strong></td>
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<td>Sun Jun 15 18:02:06 -0700 2008</td>
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0.1 - Initial implemention of <a
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href="../../classes/Functor.html">Functor</a> class. 0.2 - Added method
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dispatch, to_proc support, tests. 0.3 - Added support for guards and
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redefinition. 0.3.1 - Made thread-safe and added ability to call base class
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functors.
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<h1>README</h1>
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<table class="header-table">
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<tr class="top-aligned-row">
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<td><strong>Path:</strong></td>
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<td>doc/README
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="top-aligned-row">
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<td><strong>Last Update:</strong></td>
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<td>Mon Jun 16 10:19:05 -0700 2008</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<!-- banner header -->
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<div id="contextContent">
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<div id="description">
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<p>
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<a href="../../classes/Functor.html">Functor</a> provides pattern-based
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function and method dispatch for Ruby, originally inspired by Topher
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Cyll‘s multi gem.
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</p>
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<h1>Method Functors</h1>
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<p>
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To use it in a class:
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</p>
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<pre>
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class Repeater
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attr_accessor :times
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include Functor::Method
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functor( :repeat, Integer ) { |x| x * @times }
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functor( :repeat, String ) { |s| [].fill( s, 0..@times ).join(' ') }
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end
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r = Repeater.new
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r.times = 5
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r.repeat( 5 ) # => 25
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r.repeat( "-" ) # => "- - - - -"
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r.repeat( 7.3 ) # => ArgumentError!
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</pre>
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<p>
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Warning: This defines a class instance variable <tt>@__functors</tt> behind
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the scenes as a side-effect. Also, although inheritance works within a
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functor method, super does not. To call the parent method, you need to call
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it explicitly using the <tt>functors</tt> class method, like this:
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</p>
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<pre>
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A.functors[ :foo ].apply( self, 'bar' )
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</pre>
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<h1>Stand-Alone Functors</h1>
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<p>
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You can also define <a href="../../classes/Functor.html">Functor</a>
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objects directly:
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</p>
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<pre>
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fib = Functor.new do
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given( 0 ) { 0 }
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given( 1 ) { 1 }
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given( Integer ) { |n| self.call( n - 1 ) + self.call( n - 2 ) }
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end
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</pre>
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<p>
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You can use functors directly with functions taking a block like this:
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</p>
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<pre>
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[ *0..10 ].map( &fib ) # => [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55]
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</pre>
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<p>
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You can call a functor as a method using apply:
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</p>
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<pre>
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fun.apply( obj, 7 )
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</pre>
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<p>
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which is actually how the method functors are implemented.
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</p>
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<h1>Pattern Matching</h1>
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<p>
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Arguments are matched first using === and then ==, so anything that
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supports these methods can be matched against. In addition, you may pass
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"guards," any object that responds to call and which take and
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object (the argument) and return true or false. This allows you to do
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things like this:
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</p>
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<pre>
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stripe ||= Functor.new do
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given( lambda { |x| x % 2 == 0 } ) { 'white' }
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given( lambda { |x| x % 2 == 1 } ) { 'silver' }
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end
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</pre>
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<p>
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which will return "white" and "silver" alternately for
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a sequence of numbers.
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</p>
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<h1>Precedence</h1>
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<p>
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Precedence is defined in order of declaration: first-come, first-serve, aka
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FIFO. Thus, you need to be careful in how you define your functor. The
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Fibonacci example above would not work properly if the Integer pattern was
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given first. That said, it is possible to redefine earlier cases, which, in
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effect, "demotes" it, as if it had not been declared before. So
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the following will work properly:
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</p>
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<pre>
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fib = Functor.new do
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given( Integer ) { |n| raise "this would start an infinite loop ..." }
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given( 0 ) { 0 }
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given( 1 ) { 1 }
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# but this will "demote" the Integer pattern and now it will work ...
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given( Integer ) { |n| self.call( n - 1 ) + self.call( n - 2 ) }
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end
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</pre>
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<p>
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This isn‘t perfect, but it is very easy to predict, simple to
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implement, and reasonably fast, which other approaches (such as
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implementing a precedence scheme) are not.
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</p>
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<h1>Credits And Support</h1>
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<p>
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<a href="../../classes/Functor.html">Functor</a> was written by Dan Yoder,
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Matthew King, and Lawrence Pit. Send email to dan at zeraweb.com for
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support or questions.
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<div id="validator-badges">
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<p><small><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer">[Validate]</a></small></p>
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