fluentd 0.14.4-x86-mingw32

data/lib/fluent/plugin/bare_output.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#
+# Fluentd
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+#
+
+require 'fluent/plugin/base'
+
+require 'fluent/log'
+require 'fluent/plugin_id'
+require 'fluent/plugin_helper'
+
+module Fluent
+  module Plugin
+    class BareOutput < Base
+      # DO NOT USE THIS plugin for normal output plugin. Use Output instead.
+      # This output plugin base class is only for meta-output plugins
+      # which cannot be implemented on MultiOutput.
+      # E.g,: forest, config-expander
+
+      include PluginId
+      include PluginLoggerMixin
+      include PluginHelper::Mixin
+
+      attr_reader :num_errors, :emit_count, :emit_records
+
+      def process(tag, es)
+        raise NotImplementedError, "BUG: output plugins MUST implement this method"
+      end
+
+      def initialize
+        super
+        @counters_monitor = Monitor.new
+        # TODO: well organized counters
+        @num_errors = 0
+        @emit_count = 0
+        @emit_records = 0
+      end
+
+      def emit_sync(tag, es)
+        @counters_monitor.synchronize{ @emit_count += 1 }
+        begin
+          process(tag, es)
+          @counters_monitor.synchronize{ @emit_records += es.size }
+        rescue
+          @counters_monitor.synchronize{ @num_errors += 1 }
+          raise
+        end
+      end
+      alias :emit_events :emit_sync
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/fluent/plugin/base.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#
+# Fluentd
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+#
+
+require 'fluent/plugin'
+require 'fluent/configurable'
+require 'fluent/system_config'
+
+module Fluent
+  module Plugin
+    class Base
+      include Configurable
+      include SystemConfig::Mixin
+
+      State = Struct.new(:configure, :start, :after_start, :stop, :before_shutdown, :shutdown, :after_shutdown, :close, :terminate)
+
+      def initialize
+        super
+        @_state = State.new(false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false)
+      end
+
+      def has_router?
+        false
+      end
+
+      def configure(conf)
+        super
+        @_state ||= State.new(false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false)
+        @_state.configure = true
+        self
+      end
+
+      def start
+        @_state.start = true
+        self
+      end
+
+      def after_start
+        @_state.after_start = true
+        self
+      end
+
+      def stop
+        @_state.stop = true
+        self
+      end
+
+      def before_shutdown
+        @_state.before_shutdown = true
+        self
+      end
+
+      def shutdown
+        @_state.shutdown = true
+        self
+      end
+
+      def after_shutdown
+        @_state.after_shutdown = true
+        self
+      end
+
+      def close
+        @_state.close = true
+        self
+      end
+
+      def terminate
+        @_state.terminate = true
+        self
+      end
+
+      def configured?
+        @_state.configure
+      end
+
+      def started?
+        @_state.start
+      end
+
+      def after_started?
+        @_state.after_start
+      end
+
+      def stopped?
+        @_state.stop
+      end
+
+      def before_shutdown?
+        @_state.before_shutdown
+      end
+
+      def shutdown?
+        @_state.shutdown
+      end
+
+      def after_shutdown?
+        @_state.after_shutdown
+      end
+
+      def closed?
+        @_state.close
+      end
+
+      def terminated?
+        @_state.terminate
+      end
+
+      def inspect
+        # Plugin instances are sometimes too big to dump because it may have too many thins (buffer,storage, ...)
+        # Original commit comment says that:
+        #   To emulate normal inspect behavior `ruby -e'o=Object.new;p o;p (o.__id__<<1).to_s(16)'`.
+        #   https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/trunk/gc.c#L788
+        "#<%s:%014x>" % [self.class.name, '0x%014x' % (__id__ << 1)]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/fluent/plugin/buf_file.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#
+# Fluentd
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+#
+
+require 'fileutils'
+
+require 'fluent/plugin/buffer'
+require 'fluent/plugin/buffer/file_chunk'
+require 'fluent/system_config'
+
+module Fluent
+  module Plugin
+    class FileBuffer < Fluent::Plugin::Buffer
+      Plugin.register_buffer('file', self)
+
+      include SystemConfig::Mixin
+
+      DEFAULT_CHUNK_LIMIT_SIZE = 256 * 1024 * 1024        # 256MB
+      DEFAULT_TOTAL_LIMIT_SIZE =  64 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 #  64GB, same with v0.12 (TimeSlicedOutput + buf_file)
+
+      DIR_PERMISSION = 0755
+
+      # TODO: buffer_path based on system config
+      desc 'The path where buffer chunks are stored.'
+      config_param :path, :string
+
+      config_set_default :chunk_limit_size, DEFAULT_CHUNK_LIMIT_SIZE
+      config_set_default :total_limit_size, DEFAULT_TOTAL_LIMIT_SIZE
+
+      config_param :file_permission, :string, default: nil # '0644'
+      config_param :dir_permission,  :string, default: nil # '0755'
+
+      ##TODO: Buffer plugin cannot handle symlinks because new API @stage has many writing buffer chunks
+      ##      re-implement this feature on out_file, w/ enqueue_chunk(or generate_chunk) hook + chunk.path
+      # attr_accessor :symlink_path
+
+      @@buffer_paths = {}
+
+      def initialize
+        super
+        @symlink_path = nil
+      end
+
+      def configure(conf)
+        super
+
+        type_of_owner = Plugin.lookup_type_from_class(@_owner.class)
+        if @@buffer_paths.has_key?(@path) && !buffer_path_for_test?
+          type_using_this_path = @@buffer_paths[@path]
+          raise ConfigError, "Other '#{type_using_this_path}' plugin already use same buffer path: type = #{type_of_owner}, buffer path = #{@path}"
+        end
+
+        @@buffer_paths[@path] = type_of_owner
+
+        # TODO: create buffer path with plugin_id, under directory specified by system config
+        if File.exist?(@path)
+          if File.directory?(@path)
+            @path = File.join(@path, 'buffer.*.log')
+          elsif File.basename(@path).include?('.*.')
+            # valid path (buffer.*.log will be ignored)
+          elsif File.basename(@path).end_with?('.*')
+            @path = @path + '.log'
+          else
+            # existing file will be ignored
+            @path = @path + '.*.log'
+          end
+        else # path doesn't exist
+          if File.basename(@path).include?('.*.')
+            # valid path
+          elsif File.basename(@path).end_with?('.*')
+            @path = @path + '.log'
+          else
+            # path is handled as directory, and it will be created at #start
+            @path = File.join(@path, 'buffer.*.log')
+          end
+        end
+
+        unless @dir_permission
+          @dir_permission = system_config.dir_permission || DIR_PERMISSION
+        end
+      end
+
+      def buffer_path_for_test?
+        caller_locations.each do |location|
+          # Thread::Backtrace::Location#path returns base filename or absolute path.
+          # #absolute_path returns absolute_path always.
+          # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12159
+          if location.absolute_path =~ /\/test_[^\/]+\.rb$/ # location.path =~ /test_.+\.rb$/
+            return true
+          end
+        end
+        false
+      end
+
+      def start
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p File.dirname(@path), mode: @dir_permission
+
+        super
+      end
+
+      def persistent?
+        true
+      end
+
+      def resume
+        stage = {}
+        queue = []
+
+        Dir.glob(@path) do |path|
+          m = new_metadata() # this metadata will be overwritten by resuming .meta file content
+                             # so it should not added into @metadata_list for now
+          mode = Fluent::Plugin::Buffer::FileChunk.assume_chunk_state(path)
+          if mode == :unknown
+            log.debug "uknown state chunk found", path: path
+            next
+          end
+
+          chunk = Fluent::Plugin::Buffer::FileChunk.new(m, path, mode) # file chunk resumes contents of metadata
+          case chunk.state
+          when :staged
+            stage[chunk.metadata] = chunk
+          when :queued
+            queue << chunk
+          end
+        end
+
+        queue.sort_by!{ |chunk| chunk.modified_at }
+
+        return stage, queue
+      end
+
+      def generate_chunk(metadata)
+        # FileChunk generates real path with unique_id
+        if @file_permission
+          Fluent::Plugin::Buffer::FileChunk.new(metadata, @path, :create, perm: @file_permission)
+        else
+          Fluent::Plugin::Buffer::FileChunk.new(metadata, @path, :create)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/fluent/plugin/buf_memory.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#
+# Fluentd
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+#
+
+require 'fluent/plugin/buffer'
+require 'fluent/plugin/buffer/memory_chunk'
+
+module Fluent
+  module Plugin
+    class MemoryBuffer < Fluent::Plugin::Buffer
+      Plugin.register_buffer('memory', self)
+
+      def resume
+        return {}, []
+      end
+
+      def generate_chunk(metadata)
+        Fluent::Plugin::Buffer::MemoryChunk.new(metadata)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/fluent/plugin/buffer.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,603 @@
+#
+# Fluentd
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+#
+
+require 'fluent/plugin/base'
+require 'fluent/plugin/owned_by_mixin'
+require 'fluent/unique_id'
+
+require 'monitor'
+
+module Fluent
+  module Plugin
+    class Buffer < Base
+      include OwnedByMixin
+      include UniqueId::Mixin
+      include MonitorMixin
+
+      class BufferError < StandardError; end
+      class BufferOverflowError < BufferError; end
+      class BufferChunkOverflowError < BufferError; end # A record size is larger than chunk size limit
+
+      MINIMUM_APPEND_ATTEMPT_RECORDS = 10
+
+      DEFAULT_CHUNK_LIMIT_SIZE =   8 * 1024 * 1024 # 8MB
+      DEFAULT_TOTAL_LIMIT_SIZE = 512 * 1024 * 1024 # 512MB, same with v0.12 (BufferedOutput + buf_memory: 64 x 8MB)
+
+      DEFAULT_CHUNK_FULL_THRESHOLD = 0.95
+
+      configured_in :buffer
+
+      # TODO: system total buffer limit size in bytes by SystemConfig
+
+      config_param :chunk_limit_size, :size, default: DEFAULT_CHUNK_LIMIT_SIZE
+      config_param :total_limit_size, :size, default: DEFAULT_TOTAL_LIMIT_SIZE
+
+      # If user specify this value and (chunk_size * queue_length) is smaller than total_size,
+      # then total_size is automatically configured to that value
+      config_param :queue_length_limit, :integer, default: nil
+
+      # optional new limitations
+      config_param :chunk_records_limit, :integer, default: nil
+
+      # if chunk size (or records) is 95% or more after #write, then that chunk will be enqueued
+      config_param :chunk_full_threshold, :float, default: DEFAULT_CHUNK_FULL_THRESHOLD
+
+      Metadata = Struct.new(:timekey, :tag, :variables)
+
+      # for tests
+      attr_accessor :stage_size, :queue_size
+      attr_reader :stage, :queue, :dequeued, :queued_num
+
+      def initialize
+        super
+
+        @chunk_limit_size = nil
+        @total_limit_size = nil
+        @queue_length_limit = nil
+        @chunk_records_limit = nil
+
+        @stage = {}    #=> Hash (metadata -> chunk) : not flushed yet
+        @queue = []    #=> Array (chunks)           : already flushed (not written)
+        @dequeued = {} #=> Hash (unique_id -> chunk): already written (not purged)
+        @queued_num = {} # metadata => int (number of queued chunks)
+
+        @stage_size = @queue_size = 0
+        @metadata_list = [] # keys of @stage
+      end
+
+      def persistent?
+        false
+      end
+
+      def configure(conf)
+        super
+
+        unless @queue_length_limit.nil?
+          @total_limit_size = @chunk_limit_size * @queue_length_limit
+        end
+      end
+
+      def start
+        super
+
+        @stage, @queue = resume
+        @stage.each_pair do |metadata, chunk|
+          @metadata_list << metadata unless @metadata_list.include?(metadata)
+          @stage_size += chunk.bytesize
+        end
+        @queue.each do |chunk|
+          @metadata_list << chunk.metadata unless @metadata_list.include?(chunk.metadata)
+          @queued_num[chunk.metadata] ||= 0
+          @queued_num[chunk.metadata] += 1
+          @queue_size += chunk.bytesize
+        end
+        log.debug "buffer started", instance: self.object_id, stage_size: @stage_size, queue_size: @queue_size
+      end
+
+      def close
+        super
+        synchronize do
+          log.debug "closing buffer", instance: self.object_id
+          @dequeued.each_pair do |chunk_id, chunk|
+            chunk.close
+          end
+          until @queue.empty?
+            @queue.shift.close
+          end
+          @stage.each_pair do |metadata, chunk|
+            chunk.close
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def terminate
+        super
+        @dequeued = @stage = @queue = @queued_num = @metadata_list = nil
+        @stage_size = @queue_size = 0
+      end
+
+      def storable?
+        @total_limit_size > @stage_size + @queue_size
+      end
+
+      ## TODO: for back pressure feature
+      # def used?(ratio)
+      #   @total_size_limit * ratio > @stage_size + @queue_size
+      # end
+
+      def resume
+        # return {}, []
+        raise NotImplementedError, "Implement this method in child class"
+      end
+
+      def generate_chunk(metadata)
+        raise NotImplementedError, "Implement this method in child class"
+      end
+
+      def metadata_list
+        synchronize do
+          @metadata_list.dup
+        end
+      end
+
+      def new_metadata(timekey: nil, tag: nil, variables: nil)
+        Metadata.new(timekey, tag, variables)
+      end
+
+      def add_metadata(metadata)
+        log.trace "adding metadata", instance: self.object_id, metadata: metadata
+        synchronize do
+          if i = @metadata_list.index(metadata)
+            @metadata_list[i]
+          else
+            @metadata_list << metadata
+            metadata
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def metadata(timekey: nil, tag: nil, variables: nil)
+        meta = new_metadata(timekey: timekey, tag: tag, variables: variables)
+        add_metadata(meta)
+      end
+
+      # metadata MUST have consistent object_id for each variation
+      # data MUST be Array of serialized events, or EventStream
+      # metadata_and_data MUST be a hash of { metadata => data }
+      def write(metadata_and_data, format: nil, size: nil, enqueue: false)
+        return if metadata_and_data.size < 1
+        raise BufferOverflowError, "buffer space has too many data" unless storable?
+
+        log.trace "writing events into buffer", instance: self.object_id, metadata_size: metadata_and_data.size
+
+        staged_bytesize = 0
+        operated_chunks = []
+        unstaged_chunks = {} # metadata => [chunk, chunk, ...]
+        chunks_to_enqueue = []
+
+        begin
+          metadata_and_data.each do |metadata, data|
+            write_once(metadata, data, format: format, size: size) do |chunk, adding_bytesize|
+              chunk.mon_enter # add lock to prevent to be committed/rollbacked from other threads
+              operated_chunks << chunk
+              if chunk.staged?
+                staged_bytesize += adding_bytesize
+              elsif chunk.unstaged?
+                unstaged_chunks[metadata] ||= []
+                unstaged_chunks[metadata] << chunk
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          return if operated_chunks.empty?
+
+          # Now, this thread acquires many locks of chunks... getting buffer-global lock causes dead lock.
+          # Any operations needs buffer-global lock (including enqueueing) should be done after releasing locks.
+
+          first_chunk = operated_chunks.shift
+          # Following commits for other chunks also can finish successfully if the first commit operation
+          # finishes without any exceptions.
+          # In most cases, #commit just requires very small disk spaces, so major failure reason are
+          # permission errors, disk failures and other permanent(fatal) errors.
+          begin
+            first_chunk.commit
+            if enqueue || first_chunk.unstaged? || chunk_size_full?(first_chunk)
+              chunks_to_enqueue << first_chunk
+            end
+            first_chunk.mon_exit
+          rescue
+            operated_chunks.unshift(first_chunk)
+            raise
+          end
+
+          errors = []
+          # Buffer plugin estimates there's no serious error cause: will commit for all chunks eigher way
+          operated_chunks.each do |chunk|
+            begin
+              chunk.commit
+              if enqueue || chunk.unstaged? || chunk_size_full?(chunk)
+                chunks_to_enqueue << chunk
+              end
+              chunk.mon_exit
+            rescue => e
+              chunk.rollback
+              chunk.mon_exit
+              errors << e
+            end
+          end
+
+          # All locks about chunks are released.
+
+          synchronize do
+            # At here, staged chunks may be enqueued by other threads.
+            @stage_size += staged_bytesize
+
+            chunks_to_enqueue.each do |c|
+              if c.staged? && (enqueue || chunk_size_full?(c))
+                m = c.metadata
+                enqueue_chunk(m)
+                if unstaged_chunks[m]
+                  u = unstaged_chunks[m].pop
+                  if u.unstaged? && !chunk_size_full?(u)
+                    @stage[m] = u.staged!
+                    @stage_size += u.bytesize
+                  end
+                end
+              elsif c.unstaged?
+                enqueue_unstaged_chunk(c)
+              else
+                # previously staged chunk is already enqueued, closed or purged.
+                # no problem.
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          operated_chunks.clear if errors.empty?
+
+          if errors.size > 0
+            log.warn "error occurs in committing chunks: only first one raised", errors: errors.map(&:class)
+            raise errors.first
+          end
+        ensure
+          operated_chunks.each do |chunk|
+            chunk.rollback rescue nil # nothing possible to do for #rollback failure
+            if chunk.unstaged?
+              chunk.purge rescue nil # to prevent leakage of unstaged chunks
+            end
+            chunk.mon_exit rescue nil # this may raise ThreadError for chunks already committed
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def queued_records
+        synchronize { @queue.reduce(0){|r, chunk| r + chunk.size } }
+      end
+
+      def queued?(metadata=nil)
+        synchronize do
+          if metadata
+            n = @queued_num[metadata]
+            n && n.nonzero?
+          else
+            !@queue.empty?
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def enqueue_chunk(metadata)
+        log.debug "enqueueing chunk", instance: self.object_id, metadata: metadata
+        synchronize do
+          chunk = @stage.delete(metadata)
+          return nil unless chunk
+
+          chunk.synchronize do
+            if chunk.empty?
+              chunk.close
+            else
+              @queue << chunk
+              @queued_num[metadata] = @queued_num.fetch(metadata, 0) + 1
+              chunk.enqueued! if chunk.respond_to?(:enqueued!)
+            end
+          end
+          bytesize = chunk.bytesize
+          @stage_size -= bytesize
+          @queue_size += bytesize
+        end
+        nil
+      end
+
+      def enqueue_unstaged_chunk(chunk)
+        log.debug "enqueueing unstaged chunk", instance: self.object_id, metadata: chunk.metadata
+        synchronize do
+          chunk.synchronize do
+            metadata = chunk.metadata
+            @queue << chunk
+            @queued_num[metadata] = @queued_num.fetch(metadata, 0) + 1
+            chunk.enqueued! if chunk.respond_to?(:enqueued!)
+          end
+          @queue_size += chunk.bytesize
+        end
+      end
+
+      def enqueue_all
+        log.debug "enqueueing all chunks in buffer", instance: self.object_id
+        synchronize do
+          if block_given?
+            @stage.keys.each do |metadata|
+              chunk = @stage[metadata]
+              v = yield metadata, chunk
+              enqueue_chunk(metadata) if v
+            end
+          else
+            @stage.keys.each do |metadata|
+              enqueue_chunk(metadata)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def dequeue_chunk
+        return nil if @queue.empty?
+        log.debug "dequeueing a chunk", instance: self.object_id
+        synchronize do
+          chunk = @queue.shift
+
+          # this buffer is dequeued by other thread just before "synchronize" in this thread
+          return nil unless chunk
+
+          @dequeued[chunk.unique_id] = chunk
+          @queued_num[chunk.metadata] -= 1 # BUG if nil, 0 or subzero
+          log.debug "chunk dequeued", instance: self.object_id, metadata: chunk.metadata
+          chunk
+        end
+      end
+
+      def takeback_chunk(chunk_id)
+        log.debug "taking back a chunk", instance: self.object_id, chunk_id: dump_unique_id_hex(chunk_id)
+        synchronize do
+          chunk = @dequeued.delete(chunk_id)
+          return false unless chunk # already purged by other thread
+          @queue.unshift(chunk)
+          log.debug "chunk taken back", instance: self.object_id, chunk_id: dump_unique_id_hex(chunk_id), metadata: chunk.metadata
+          @queued_num[chunk.metadata] += 1 # BUG if nil
+        end
+        true
+      end
+
+      def purge_chunk(chunk_id)
+        synchronize do
+          chunk = @dequeued.delete(chunk_id)
+          return nil unless chunk # purged by other threads
+
+          metadata = chunk.metadata
+          log.debug "purging a chunk", instance: self.object_id, chunk_id: dump_unique_id_hex(chunk_id), metadata: metadata
+          begin
+            bytesize = chunk.bytesize
+            chunk.purge
+            @queue_size -= bytesize
+          rescue => e
+            log.error "failed to purge buffer chunk", chunk_id: dump_unique_id_hex(chunk_id), error_class: e.class, error: e
+            log.error_backtrace
+          end
+
+          if metadata && !@stage[metadata] && (!@queued_num[metadata] || @queued_num[metadata] < 1)
+            @metadata_list.delete(metadata)
+          end
+          log.debug "chunk purged", instance: self.object_id, chunk_id: dump_unique_id_hex(chunk_id), metadata: metadata
+        end
+        nil
+      end
+
+      def clear_queue!
+        log.debug "clearing queue", instance: self.object_id
+        synchronize do
+          until @queue.empty?
+            begin
+              q = @queue.shift
+              log.debug("purging a chunk in queue"){ {id: dump_unique_id_hex(chunk.unique_id), bytesize: chunk.bytesize, size: chunk.size} }
+              q.purge
+            rescue => e
+              log.error "unexpected error while clearing buffer queue", error_class: e.class, error: e
+              log.error_backtrace
+            end
+          end
+          @queue_size = 0
+        end
+      end
+
+      def chunk_size_over?(chunk)
+        chunk.bytesize > @chunk_limit_size || (@chunk_records_limit && chunk.size > @chunk_records_limit)
+      end
+
+      def chunk_size_full?(chunk)
+        chunk.bytesize >= @chunk_limit_size * @chunk_full_threshold || (@chunk_records_limit && chunk.size >= @chunk_records_limit * @chunk_full_threshold)
+      end
+
+      class ShouldRetry < StandardError; end
+
+      # write once into a chunk
+      # 1. append whole data into existing chunk
+      # 2. commit it & return unless chunk_size_over?
+      # 3. enqueue existing chunk & retry whole method if chunk was not empty
+      # 4. go to step_by_step writing
+
+      def write_once(metadata, data, format: nil, size: nil, &block)
+        return if data.empty?
+
+        stored = false
+        adding_bytesize = nil
+
+        chunk = synchronize { @stage[metadata] ||= generate_chunk(metadata).staged! }
+        enqueue_chunk_before_retry = false
+        chunk.synchronize do
+          # retry this method if chunk is already queued (between getting chunk and entering critical section)
+          raise ShouldRetry unless chunk.staged?
+
+          empty_chunk = chunk.empty?
+
+          original_bytesize = chunk.bytesize
+          begin
+            if format
+              serialized = format.call(data)
+              chunk.concat(serialized, size ? size.call : data.size)
+            else
+              chunk.append(data)
+            end
+            adding_bytesize = chunk.bytesize - original_bytesize
+
+            if chunk_size_over?(chunk)
+              if format && empty_chunk
+                log.warn "chunk bytes limit exceeds for an emitted event stream: #{adding_bytesize}bytes"
+              end
+              chunk.rollback
+
+              if format && !empty_chunk
+                # Event streams should be appended into a chunk at once
+                # as far as possible, to improve performance of formatting.
+                # Event stream may be a MessagePackEventStream. We don't want to split it into
+                # 2 or more chunks (except for a case that the event stream is larger than chunk limit).
+                enqueue_chunk_before_retry = true
+                raise ShouldRetry
+              end
+            else
+              stored = true
+            end
+          rescue
+            chunk.rollback
+            raise
+          end
+
+          if stored
+            block.call(chunk, adding_bytesize)
+          end
+        end
+
+        unless stored
+          # try step-by-step appending if data can't be stored into existing a chunk in non-bulk mode
+          #
+          # 1/10 size of original event stream (splits_count == 10) seems enough small
+          # to try emitting events into existing chunk.
+          # it does not matter to split event stream into very small splits, because chunks have less
+          # overhead to write data many times (even about file buffer chunks).
+          write_step_by_step(metadata, data, format, 10, &block)
+        end
+      rescue ShouldRetry
+        enqueue_chunk(metadata) if enqueue_chunk_before_retry
+        retry
+      end
+
+      # EventStream can be split into many streams
+      # because (es1 + es2).to_msgpack_stream == es1.to_msgpack_stream + es2.to_msgpack_stream
+
+      # 1. split event streams into many (10 -> 100 -> 1000 -> ...) chunks
+      # 2. append splits into the staged chunks as much as possible
+      # 3. create unstaged chunk and append rest splits -> repeat it for all splits
+
+      def write_step_by_step(metadata, data, format, splits_count, &block)
+        splits = []
+        if splits_count > data.size
+          splits_count = data.size
+        end
+        slice_size = if data.size % splits_count == 0
+                       data.size / splits_count
+                     else
+                       data.size / (splits_count - 1)
+                     end
+        slice_origin = 0
+        while slice_origin < data.size
+          splits << data.slice(slice_origin, slice_size)
+          slice_origin += slice_size
+        end
+
+        # This method will append events into the staged chunk at first.
+        # Then, will generate chunks not staged (not queued) to append rest data.
+        staged_chunk_used = false
+        modified_chunks = []
+        get_next_chunk = ->(){
+          c = if staged_chunk_used
+                # Staging new chunk here is bad idea:
+                # Recovering whole state including newly staged chunks is much harder than current implementation.
+                generate_chunk(metadata)
+              else
+                synchronize{ @stage[metadata] ||= generate_chunk(metadata).staged! }
+              end
+          modified_chunks << c
+          c
+        }
+
+        writing_splits_index = 0
+        enqueue_chunk_before_retry = false
+
+        while writing_splits_index < splits.size
+          chunk = get_next_chunk.call
+          chunk.synchronize do
+            raise ShouldRetry unless chunk.writable?
+            staged_chunk_used = true if chunk.staged?
+
+            original_bytesize = chunk.bytesize
+            begin
+              while writing_splits_index < splits.size
+                split = splits[writing_splits_index]
+                if format
+                  chunk.concat(format.call(split), split.size)
+                else
+                  chunk.append(split)
+                end
+
+                if chunk_size_over?(chunk) # split size is larger than difference between size_full? and size_over?
+                  chunk.rollback
+
+                  if split.size == 1 && original_bytesize == 0
+                    big_record_size = format ? format.call(split).bytesize : split.first.bytesize
+                    raise BufferChunkOverflowError, "a #{big_record_size}bytes record is larger than buffer chunk limit size"
+                  end
+
+                  if chunk_size_full?(chunk) || split.size == 1
+                    enqueue_chunk_before_retry = true
+                  else
+                    splits_count *= 10
+                  end
+
+                  raise ShouldRetry
+                end
+
+                writing_splits_index += 1
+
+                if chunk_size_full?(chunk)
+                  break
+                end
+              end
+            rescue
+              chunk.purge if chunk.unstaged? # unstaged chunk will leak unless purge it
+              raise
+            end
+
+            block.call(chunk, chunk.bytesize - original_bytesize)
+          end
+        end
+      rescue ShouldRetry
+        modified_chunks.each do |mc|
+          mc.rollback rescue nil
+          if mc.unstaged?
+            mc.purge rescue nil
+          end
+        end
+        enqueue_chunk(metadata) if enqueue_chunk_before_retry
+        retry
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end