fluent-plugin-input-opensearch 1.1.9

data/test/plugin/test_out_opensearch.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,3980 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# The fluent-plugin-opensearch Contributors require contributions made to
+# this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+# compatible open source license.
+#
+# Modifications Copyright fluent-plugin-opensearch Contributors. See
+# GitHub history for details.
+#
+# Licensed to Uken Inc. under one or more contributor
+# license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright
+# ownership. Uken Inc. licenses this file to you under
+# the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
+# not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+require_relative '../helper'
+require 'date'
+require 'fluent/test/helpers'
+require 'json'
+require 'fluent/test/driver/output'
+require 'flexmock/test_unit'
+require 'fluent/plugin/out_opensearch'
+
+class OpenSearchOutputTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  include FlexMock::TestCase
+  include Fluent::Test::Helpers
+
+  attr_accessor :index_cmds, :index_command_counts, :index_cmds_all_requests
+
+  def setup
+    Fluent::Test.setup
+    @driver = nil
+    log = Fluent::Engine.log
+    log.out.logs.slice!(0, log.out.logs.length)
+  end
+
+  def driver(conf='', os_version=1, client_version="\"1.2\"")
+    # For request stub to detect compatibility.
+    @os_version ||= os_version
+    @client_version ||= client_version
+    if @os_version
+      Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput.module_eval(<<-CODE)
+        def detect_os_major_version
+          #{@os_version}
+        end
+      CODE
+    end
+    Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput.module_eval(<<-CODE)
+      def client_library_version
+        #{@client_version}
+      end
+    CODE
+    @driver ||= Fluent::Test::Driver::Output.new(Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput) {
+      # v0.12's test driver assume format definition. This simulates ObjectBufferedOutput format
+      if !defined?(Fluent::Plugin::Output)
+        def format(tag, time, record)
+          [time, record].to_msgpack
+        end
+      end
+    }.configure(conf)
+  end
+
+  def default_type_name
+    Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput::DEFAULT_TYPE_NAME
+  end
+
+  def sample_record(content={})
+    {'age' => 26, 'request_id' => '42', 'parent_id' => 'parent', 'routing_id' => 'routing'}.merge(content)
+  end
+
+  def nested_sample_record
+    {'nested' =>
+     {'age' => 26, 'parent_id' => 'parent', 'routing_id' => 'routing', 'request_id' => '42'}
+    }
+  end
+
+  def stub_opensearch_info(url="http://localhost:9200/", version="1.2.2")
+    body ="{\"version\":{\"number\":\"#{version}\", \"distribution\":\"opensearch\"},\"tagline\":\"The OpenSearch Project: https://opensearch.org/\"}"
+    stub_request(:get, url).to_return({:status => 200, :body => body, :headers => { 'Content-Type' => 'json' } })
+  end
+
+  def stub_opensearch(url="http://localhost:9200/_bulk")
+    stub_request(:post, url).with do |req|
+      @index_cmds = req.body.split("\n").map {|r| JSON.parse(r) }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def stub_opensearch_all_requests(url="http://localhost:9200/_bulk")
+    @index_cmds_all_requests = Array.new
+    stub_request(:post, url).with do |req|
+      @index_cmds = req.body.split("\n").map {|r| JSON.parse(r) }
+      @index_cmds_all_requests << @index_cmds
+    end
+  end
+
+  def stub_opensearch_unavailable(url="http://localhost:9200/_bulk")
+    stub_request(:post, url).to_return(:status => [503, "Service Unavailable"])
+  end
+
+  def stub_opensearch_timeout(url="http://localhost:9200/_bulk")
+    stub_request(:post, url).to_timeout
+  end
+
+  def stub_opensearch_with_store_index_command_counts(url="http://localhost:9200/_bulk")
+    if @index_command_counts == nil
+       @index_command_counts = {}
+       @index_command_counts.default = 0
+    end
+
+    stub_request(:post, url).with do |req|
+      index_cmds = req.body.split("\n").map {|r| JSON.parse(r) }
+      @index_command_counts[url] += index_cmds.size
+    end
+  end
+
+  def make_response_body(req, error_el = nil, error_status = nil, error = nil)
+    req_index_cmds = req.body.split("\n").map { |r| JSON.parse(r) }
+    items = []
+    count = 0
+    ids = 1
+    op = nil
+    index = nil
+    type = nil
+    id = nil
+    req_index_cmds.each do |cmd|
+      if count.even?
+        op = cmd.keys[0]
+        index = cmd[op]['_index']
+        type = cmd[op]['_type']
+        if cmd[op].has_key?('_id')
+          id = cmd[op]['_id']
+        else
+          # Note: this appears to be an undocumented feature of OpenSearch (and Elasticsearch)
+          # https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/2.4/docs-bulk.html
+          # When you submit an "index" write_operation, with no "_id" field in the
+          # metadata header, OpenSearch will turn this into a "create"
+          # operation in the response.
+          if "index" == op
+            op = "create"
+          end
+          id = ids
+          ids += 1
+        end
+      else
+        item = {
+          op => {
+            '_index' => index, '_type' => type, '_id' => id, '_version' => 1,
+            '_shards' => { 'total' => 1, 'successful' => 1, 'failed' => 0 },
+            'status' => op == 'create' ? 201 : 200
+          }
+        }
+        items.push(item)
+      end
+      count += 1
+    end
+    if !error_el.nil? && !error_status.nil? && !error.nil?
+      op = items[error_el].keys[0]
+      items[error_el][op].delete('_version')
+      items[error_el][op].delete('_shards')
+      items[error_el][op]['error'] = error
+      items[error_el][op]['status'] = error_status
+      errors = true
+    else
+      errors = false
+    end
+    @index_cmds = items
+    body = { 'took' => 6, 'errors' => errors, 'items' => items }
+    return body.to_json
+  end
+
+  def stub_opensearch_bad_argument(url="http://localhost:9200/_bulk")
+    error = {
+      "type" => "mapper_parsing_exception",
+      "reason" => "failed to parse [...]",
+      "caused_by" => {
+        "type" => "illegal_argument_exception",
+        "reason" => "Invalid format: \"...\""
+      }
+    }
+    stub_request(:post, url).to_return(lambda { |req| { :status => 200, :body => make_response_body(req, 1, 400, error), :headers => { 'Content-Type' => 'json' } } })
+  end
+
+  def stub_opensearch_bulk_error(url="http://localhost:9200/_bulk")
+    error = {
+      "type" => "some-unrecognized-error",
+      "reason" => "some message printed here ...",
+    }
+    stub_request(:post, url).to_return(lambda { |req| { :status => 200, :body => make_response_body(req, 1, 500, error), :headers => { 'Content-Type' => 'json' } } })
+  end
+
+  def stub_opensearch_bulk_rejected(url="http://localhost:9200/_bulk")
+    error = {
+      "status" => 500,
+      "type" => "rejected_execution_exception",
+      "reason" => "rejected execution of org.opensearch.transport.TransportService$4@1a34d37a on OpenSearchThreadPoolExecutor[bulk, queue capacity = 50, org.opensearch.common.util.concurrent.OpenSearchThreadPoolExecutor@312a2162[Running, pool size = 32, active threads = 32, queued tasks = 50, completed tasks = 327053]]"
+    }
+    stub_request(:post, url).to_return(lambda { |req| { :status => 200, :body => make_response_body(req, 1, 429, error), :headers => { 'Content-Type' => 'json' } } })
+  end
+
+  def stub_opensearch_out_of_memory(url="http://localhost:9200/_bulk")
+    error = {
+      "status" => 500,
+      "type" => "out_of_memory_error",
+      "reason" => "Java heap space"
+    }
+    stub_request(:post, url).to_return(lambda { |req| { :status => 200, :body => make_response_body(req, 1, 500, error), :headers => { 'Content-Type' => 'json' } } })
+  end
+
+  def stub_opensearch_unexpected_response_op(url="http://localhost:9200/_bulk")
+    error = {
+      "category" => "some-other-type",
+      "reason" => "some-other-reason"
+    }
+    stub_request(:post, url).to_return(lambda { |req| bodystr = make_response_body(req, 0, 500, error); body = JSON.parse(bodystr); body['items'][0]['unknown'] = body['items'][0].delete('create'); { :status => 200, :body => body.to_json, :headers => { 'Content-Type' => 'json' } } })
+  end
+
+  def assert_logs_include(logs, msg, exp_matches=1)
+    matches = logs.grep(/#{msg}/)
+    assert_equal(exp_matches, matches.length, "Logs do not contain '#{msg}' '#{logs}'")
+  end
+
+  def assert_logs_include_compare_size(exp_matches=1, operator="<=", logs="", msg="")
+    matches = logs.grep(/#{msg}/)
+    assert_compare(exp_matches, operator, matches.length, "Logs do not contain '#{msg}' '#{logs}'")
+  end
+
+  def alias_endpoint
+    "_aliases"
+  end
+
+  def test_configure
+    config = %{
+      host     logs.google.com
+      port     777
+      scheme   https
+      path     /os/
+      user     john
+      password doe
+    }
+    instance = driver(config).instance
+
+    assert_equal 'logs.google.com', instance.host
+    assert_equal 777, instance.port
+    assert_equal :https, instance.scheme
+    assert_equal '/os/', instance.path
+    assert_equal 'john', instance.user
+    assert_equal 'doe', instance.password
+    assert_equal Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchTLS::DEFAULT_VERSION, instance.ssl_version
+    assert_nil instance.ssl_max_version
+    assert_nil instance.ssl_min_version
+    if Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchTLS::USE_TLS_MINMAX_VERSION
+      if defined?(OpenSSL::SSL::TLS1_3_VERSION)
+        assert_equal({max_version: OpenSSL::SSL::TLS1_3_VERSION, min_version: OpenSSL::SSL::TLS1_2_VERSION},
+                     instance.ssl_version_options)
+      else
+        assert_equal({max_version: nil, min_version: OpenSSL::SSL::TLS1_2_VERSION},
+                     instance.ssl_version_options)
+      end
+    else
+      assert_equal({version: Fluent::Plugin::OpensearchTLS::DEFAULT_VERSION},
+                   instance.ssl_version_options)
+    end
+    assert_nil instance.client_key
+    assert_nil instance.client_cert
+    assert_nil instance.client_key_pass
+    assert_false instance.with_transporter_log
+    assert_equal "_doc", default_type_name
+    assert_equal :excon, instance.http_backend
+    assert_false instance.prefer_oj_serializer
+    assert_equal ["out_of_memory_error", "rejected_execution_exception"], instance.unrecoverable_error_types
+    assert_true instance.verify_os_version_at_startup
+    assert_equal Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput::DEFAULT_OPENSEARCH_VERSION, instance.default_opensearch_version
+    assert_false instance.log_os_400_reason
+    assert_equal(-1, Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput::DEFAULT_TARGET_BULK_BYTES)
+    assert_false instance.compression
+    assert_equal :no_compression, instance.compression_level
+    assert_true instance.http_backend_excon_nonblock
+
+    assert_nil instance.endpoint
+  end
+
+  test 'configure endpoint section' do
+    config = Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+      'ROOT', '', {
+        '@type' => 'opensearch',
+      }, [
+        Fluent::Config::Element.new('endpoint', '', {
+                                      'url' => "https://search-opensearch.aws.example.com/",
+                                      'region' => "local",
+                                      'access_key_id' => 'YOUR_AWESOME_KEY',
+                                      'secret_access_key' => 'YOUR_AWESOME_SECRET',
+                                    }, []),
+        Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag', {}, [])
+
+      ])
+    instance = driver(config).instance
+
+    assert_equal "https://search-opensearch.aws.example.com", instance.endpoint.url
+    assert_equal "local", instance.endpoint.region
+    assert_equal "YOUR_AWESOME_KEY", instance.endpoint.access_key_id
+    assert_equal "YOUR_AWESOME_SECRET", instance.endpoint.secret_access_key
+    assert_nil instance.endpoint.assume_role_arn
+    assert_nil instance.endpoint.ecs_container_credentials_relative_uri
+    assert_equal "fluentd", instance.endpoint.assume_role_session_name
+    assert_nil instance.endpoint.assume_role_web_identity_token_file
+    assert_nil instance.endpoint.sts_credentials_region
+    assert_equal :es, instance.endpoint.aws_service_name
+  end
+
+  data("OpenSearch Service" => [:es, 'es'],
+       "OpenSearch Serverless" => [:aoss, 'aoss'])
+  test 'configure endpoint section w/ aws_service_name' do |data|
+    expected, conf = data
+    config = Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+      'ROOT', '', {
+        '@type' => 'opensearch',
+      }, [
+        Fluent::Config::Element.new('endpoint', '', {
+                                      'url' => "https://search-opensearch.aws.example.com/",
+                                      'region' => "local",
+                                      'access_key_id' => 'YOUR_AWESOME_KEY',
+                                      'secret_access_key' => 'YOUR_AWESOME_SECRET',
+                                      'aws_service_name' => conf,
+                                    }, []),
+        Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag', {}, [])
+
+      ])
+    instance = driver(config).instance
+
+    assert_equal "https://search-opensearch.aws.example.com", instance.endpoint.url
+    assert_equal "local", instance.endpoint.region
+    assert_equal "YOUR_AWESOME_KEY", instance.endpoint.access_key_id
+    assert_equal "YOUR_AWESOME_SECRET", instance.endpoint.secret_access_key
+    assert_nil instance.endpoint.assume_role_arn
+    assert_nil instance.endpoint.ecs_container_credentials_relative_uri
+    assert_equal "fluentd", instance.endpoint.assume_role_session_name
+    assert_nil instance.endpoint.assume_role_web_identity_token_file
+    assert_nil instance.endpoint.sts_credentials_region
+    assert_equal expected, instance.endpoint.aws_service_name
+  end
+
+  test 'configure compression' do
+    config = %{
+      compression_level best_compression
+    }
+    instance = driver(config).instance
+
+    assert_equal true, instance.compression
+  end
+
+  test 'check compression strategy' do
+    config = %{
+      compression_level best_speed
+    }
+    instance = driver(config).instance
+
+    assert_equal Zlib::BEST_SPEED, instance.compression_strategy
+  end
+
+  test 'check content-encoding header with compression' do
+    config = %{
+      compression_level best_compression
+    }
+    instance = driver(config).instance
+
+    assert_equal nil, instance.client.transport.transport.options[:transport_options][:headers]["Content-Encoding"]
+
+    stub_request(:post, "http://localhost:9200/_bulk").
+      to_return(status: 200, body: "", headers: {})
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    compressable = instance.compressable_connection
+
+    assert_equal "gzip", instance.client(nil, compressable).transport.transport.options[:transport_options][:headers]["Content-Encoding"]
+  end
+
+  test 'check compression option is passed to transport' do
+    config = %{
+      compression_level best_compression
+    }
+    instance = driver(config).instance
+
+    assert_equal false, instance.client.transport.transport.options[:compression]
+
+    stub_request(:post, "http://localhost:9200/_bulk").
+      to_return(status: 200, body: "", headers: {})
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    compressable = instance.compressable_connection
+
+    assert_equal true, instance.client(nil, compressable).transport.transport.options[:compression]
+  end
+
+  test 'invalid specification of times of retrying template installation' do
+    config = %{
+      max_retry_putting_template -3
+    }
+    assert_raise(Fluent::ConfigError) {
+      driver(config)
+    }
+  end
+
+  test 'invalid specification of times of retrying get es version' do
+    config = %{
+      max_retry_get_os_version -3
+    }
+    assert_raise(Fluent::ConfigError) {
+      driver(config)
+    }
+  end
+
+  sub_test_case 'Check client.info response' do
+    def create_driver(conf='', os_version=1, client_version="\"1.20\"")
+      # For request stub to detect compatibility.
+      @client_version ||= client_version
+      @default_opensearch_version ||= os_version
+      Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput.module_eval(<<-CODE)
+        def detect_os_major_version
+          @_os_info ||= client.info
+          begin
+            unless version = @_os_info.dig("version", "number")
+              version = @default_opensearch_version
+            end
+          rescue NoMethodError => e
+            log.warn "#{@_os_info} can not dig version information. Assuming OpenSearch #{@default_opensearch_version}", error: e
+            version = @default_opensearch_version
+          end
+          version.to_i
+        end
+      CODE
+
+      Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput.module_eval(<<-CODE)
+        def client_library_version
+          #{@client_version}
+        end
+      CODE
+      @driver ||= Fluent::Test::Driver::Output.new(Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput) {
+        # v0.12's test driver assume format definition. This simulates ObjectBufferedOutput format
+        if !defined?(Fluent::Plugin::Output)
+          def format(tag, time, record)
+            [time, record].to_msgpack
+          end
+        end
+      }.configure(conf)
+    end
+
+    def stub_opensearch_info_bad(url="http://localhost:9200/", version="6.4.2")
+      body ="{\"version\":{\"number\":\"#{version}\",\"build_flavor\":\"default\"},\"tagline\":\"You Know, for Search\"}"
+      stub_request(:get, url).to_return({:status => 200, :body => body, :headers => { 'Content-Type' => 'text/plain' } })
+    end
+
+    test 'handle invalid client.info' do
+      stub_opensearch_info_bad("https://logs.fluentd.com:24225/es//", "7.7.1")
+      config = %{
+        host     logs.fluentd.com
+        port     24225
+        scheme   https
+        path     /es/
+        user     john
+        password doe
+        default_elasticsearch_version 7
+        scheme https
+        @log_level info
+      }
+      assert_raise(NoMethodError) do
+        _d = create_driver(config, 1, "\"1.2.2\"")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  sub_test_case 'Check TLS handshake stuck warning log' do
+    test 'warning TLS log' do
+      config = %{
+        scheme https
+        http_backend_excon_nonblock false
+        ssl_version TLSv1_2
+        @log_level info
+      }
+      driver(config)
+      logs = driver.logs
+      assert_logs_include(logs, /TLS handshake will be stucked with block connection.\n                    Consider to set `http_backend_excon_nonblock` as true\n/)
+    end
+  end
+
+  test 'Detected insecure security' do
+    config = %{
+      ssl_version TLSv1_1
+      @log_level warn
+      scheme https
+    }
+    driver(config, 6)
+    logs = driver.logs
+    assert_logs_include(logs, /Detected OpenSearch 1.x or above and enabled insecure security/, 1)
+  end
+
+  test 'Detected Elasticsearch 7 and secure security' do
+    config = %{
+      ssl_version TLSv1_2
+      @log_level warn
+      scheme https
+    }
+    driver(config, 7)
+    logs = driver.logs
+    assert_logs_include(logs, /Detected ES 6.x or above and enabled insecure security/, 0)
+  end
+
+  test 'Pass OpenSearch and client library are same' do
+    config = %{
+      @log_level warn
+      validate_client_version true
+    }
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      driver(config, 1, "\"1.2.2\"")
+    end
+  end
+
+  test 'Detected Elasticsearch and client library mismatch' do
+    config = %{
+      @log_level warn
+      validate_client_version true
+    }
+    assert_raise_message(/Detected OpenSearch 1 but you use OpenSearch client 2.0/) do
+      driver(config, 1, "\"2.0.0\"")
+    end
+  end
+
+  sub_test_case "placeholder substitution needed?" do
+    data("host placeholder" => ["host", "host-${tag}.google.com"],
+         "index_name_placeholder" => ["index_name", "logstash-${tag}"],
+         "template_name_placeholder" => ["template_name", "logstash-${tag}"],
+         "customize_template" => ["customize_template", '{"<<TAG>>":"${tag}"}'],
+         "logstash_prefix_placeholder" => ["logstash_prefix", "fluentd-${tag}"],
+         "application_name_placeholder" => ["application_name", "fluentd-${tag}"],
+        )
+    test 'tag placeholder' do |data|
+      param, value = data
+      config = Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+        'ROOT', '', {
+          '@type' => 'opensearch',
+          param => value
+        }, [
+          Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag', {}, [])
+        ])
+      driver(config)
+
+      assert_true driver.instance.placeholder_substitution_needed_for_template?
+    end
+
+
+    data("host placeholder" => ["host", "host-%Y%m%d.google.com"],
+         "index_name_placeholder" => ["index_name", "logstash-%Y%m%d"],
+         "template_name_placeholder" => ["template_name", "logstash-%Y%m%d"],
+         "customize_template" => ["customize_template", '{"<<TAG>>":"fluentd-%Y%m%d"}'],
+         "logstash_prefix_placeholder" => ["logstash_prefix", "fluentd-%Y%m%d"],
+         "application_name_placeholder" => ["application_name", "fluentd-%Y%m%d"],
+        )
+    test 'time placeholder' do |data|
+      param, value = data
+      config = Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+        'ROOT', '', {
+          '@type' => 'opensearch',
+          param => value
+        }, [
+          Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'time', {
+                                        'timekey' => '1d'
+                                      }, [])
+        ])
+      driver(config)
+
+      assert_true driver.instance.placeholder_substitution_needed_for_template?
+    end
+
+    data("host placeholder" => ["host", "host-${mykey}.google.com"],
+         "index_name_placeholder" => ["index_name", "logstash-${mykey}"],
+         "template_name_placeholder" => ["template_name", "logstash-${mykey}"],
+         "customize_template" => ["customize_template", '{"<<TAG>>":"${mykey}"}'],
+         "logstash_prefix_placeholder" => ["logstash_prefix", "fluentd-${mykey}"],
+         "logstash_dateformat_placeholder" => ["logstash_dateformat", "${mykey}"],
+         "application_name_placeholder" => ["application_name", "fluentd-${mykey}"],
+        )
+    test 'custom placeholder' do |data|
+      param, value = data
+      config = Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+        'ROOT', '', {
+          '@type' => 'elasticsearch',
+          param => value
+        }, [
+          Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'mykey', {
+                                        'chunk_keys' => 'mykey',
+                                        'timekey' => '1d',
+                                      }, [])
+        ])
+      driver(config)
+
+      assert_true driver.instance.placeholder_substitution_needed_for_template?
+    end
+
+    data("host placeholder" => ["host", "host-${tag}.google.com"],
+         "index_name_placeholder" => ["index_name", "logstash-${es_index}-%Y%m%d"],
+         "template_name_placeholder" => ["template_name", "logstash-${tag}-%Y%m%d"],
+         "customize_template" => ["customize_template", '{"<<TAG>>":"${os_index}"}'],
+         "logstash_prefix_placeholder" => ["logstash_prefix", "fluentd-${os_index}-%Y%m%d"],
+         "logstash_dateformat_placeholder" => ["logstash_dateformat", "${os_index}"],
+         "application_name_placeholder" => ["application_name", "fluentd-${tag}-${os_index}-%Y%m%d"],
+        )
+    test 'mixed placeholder' do |data|
+      param, value = data
+      config = Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+        'ROOT', '', {
+          '@type' => 'opensearch',
+          param => value
+        }, [
+          Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag,time,os_index', {
+                                        'chunk_keys' => 'os_index',
+                                        'timekey' => '1d',
+                                      }, [])
+        ])
+      driver(config)
+
+      assert_true driver.instance.placeholder_substitution_needed_for_template?
+    end
+  end
+
+  sub_test_case 'chunk_keys requirement' do
+    test 'tag in chunk_keys' do
+      assert_nothing_raised do
+        driver(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                 'ROOT', '', {
+                   '@type' => 'opensearch',
+                   'host' => 'log.google.com',
+                   'port' => 777,
+                   'scheme' => 'https',
+                   'path' => '/os/',
+                   'user' => 'john',
+                   'password' => 'doe',
+                 }, [
+                   Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag', {
+                                                 'chunk_keys' => 'tag'
+                                               }, [])
+                 ]
+               ))
+      end
+    end
+
+    test '_index in chunk_keys' do
+      assert_nothing_raised do
+        driver(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                 'ROOT', '', {
+                   '@type' => 'opensearch',
+                   'host' => 'log.google.com',
+                   'port' => 777,
+                   'scheme' => 'https',
+                   'path' => '/os/',
+                   'user' => 'john',
+                   'password' => 'doe',
+                 }, [
+                   Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', '_index', {
+                                                 'chunk_keys' => '_index'
+                                               }, [])
+                 ]
+               ))
+      end
+    end
+
+    test 'lack of tag and _index in chunk_keys' do
+      assert_raise_message(/'tag' or '_index' in chunk_keys is required./) do
+        driver(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                 'ROOT', '', {
+                   '@type' => 'opensearch',
+                   'host' => 'log.google.com',
+                   'port' => 777,
+                   'scheme' => 'https',
+                   'path' => '/os/',
+                   'user' => 'john',
+                   'password' => 'doe',
+                 }, [
+                   Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'mykey', {
+                                                 'chunk_keys' => 'mykey'
+                                               }, [])
+                 ]
+               ))
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  test 'Detected exclusive features which are host placeholder, template installation, and verify OpenSearch version at startup' do
+    cwd = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+    template_file = File.join(cwd, 'test_template.json')
+
+    assert_raise_message(/host placeholder, template installation, and verify OpenSearch version at startup are exclusive feature at same time./) do
+      config = %{
+        host            logs-${tag}.google.com
+        port            777
+        scheme          https
+        path            /os/
+        user            john
+        password        doe
+        template_name   logstash
+        template_file   #{template_file}
+        verify_os_version_at_startup true
+        default_opensearch_version 1
+      }
+      driver(config)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class GetOpenSearchVersionTest < self
+    def create_driver(conf='', client_version="\"1.0\"")
+      # For request stub to detect compatibility.
+      @client_version ||= client_version
+      # Ensure original implementation existence.
+      Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput.module_eval(<<-CODE)
+        def detect_os_major_version
+          @_os_info ||= client.info
+          unless version = @_os_info.dig("version", "number")
+            version = @default_opensearch_version
+          end
+          version.to_i
+        end
+      CODE
+      Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput.module_eval(<<-CODE)
+        def client_library_version
+          #{@client_version}
+        end
+      CODE
+      Fluent::Test::Driver::Output.new(Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput).configure(conf)
+    end
+
+    def test_retry_get_os_version
+      config = %{
+        host            logs.google.com
+        port            778
+        scheme          https
+        path            /os/
+        user            john
+        password        doe
+        verify_os_version_at_startup true
+        max_retry_get_os_version 3
+      }
+
+      connection_resets = 0
+      stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:778/os//").
+        with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']) do |req|
+        connection_resets += 1
+        raise Faraday::ConnectionFailed, "Test message"
+      end
+
+      assert_raise(Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchError::RetryableOperationExhaustedFailure) do
+        create_driver(config)
+      end
+
+      assert_equal(4, connection_resets)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class GetOpenSearchVersionWithFallbackTest < self
+    def create_driver(conf='', client_version="\"1.2\"")
+      # For request stub to detect compatibility.
+      @client_version ||= client_version
+      # Ensure original implementation existence.
+      Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput.module_eval(<<-CODE)
+        def detect_os_major_version
+          @_os_info ||= client.info
+          unless version = @_os_info.dig("version", "number")
+            version = @default_opensearch_version
+          end
+          version.to_i
+        end
+      CODE
+      Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput.module_eval(<<-CODE)
+        def client_library_version
+          #{@client_version}
+        end
+      CODE
+      Fluent::Test::Driver::Output.new(Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput).configure(conf)
+    end
+
+    data("OpenSearch 1" => ["1.2", 1])
+    def test_retry_get_os_version_without_fail_on_detecting_os_version_retry_exceeded(data)
+      client_version, os_major_version = data
+      config = %{
+        host            logs.google.com
+        port            778
+        scheme          https
+        path            /os/
+        user            john
+        password        doe
+        verify_os_version_at_startup true
+        max_retry_get_os_version 2
+        fail_on_detecting_os_version_retry_exceed false
+        default_opensearch_version #{os_major_version}
+        @log_level info
+      }
+
+      connection_resets = 0
+      stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:778/os//").
+        with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']) do |req|
+        connection_resets += 1
+        raise Faraday::ConnectionFailed, "Test message"
+      end
+
+      d = create_driver(config, client_version)
+
+      assert_equal os_major_version, d.instance.default_opensearch_version
+      assert_equal 3, connection_resets
+      assert_equal os_major_version, d.instance.instance_variable_get(:@last_seen_major_version)
+    end
+  end
+
+  data("legacy_template" => [true, "_template"],
+       "new_template"    => [false, "_index_template"])
+  def test_template_already_present(data)
+    use_legacy_template_flag, endpoint = data
+    config = %{
+      host            logs.google.com
+      port            777
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      template_name   logstash
+      template_file   /abc123
+      use_legacy_template #{use_legacy_template_flag}
+    }
+
+    # connection start
+    stub_request(:head, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    # check if template exists
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs.google.com:777/os//")
+
+    driver(config)
+
+    assert_not_requested(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash")
+  end
+
+  data("legacy_template" => [true, "_template"],
+       "new_template"    => [false, "_index_template"])
+  def test_template_create(data)
+    use_legacy_template_flag, endpoint = data
+    cwd = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+    template_file = if use_legacy_template_flag
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_template.json')
+                    else
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_index_template.json')
+                    end
+
+    config = %{
+      host            logs.google.com
+      port            777
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      template_name   logstash
+      template_file   #{template_file}
+      use_legacy_template #{use_legacy_template_flag}
+    }
+
+    # connection start
+    stub_request(:head, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    # check if template exists
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 404, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    # creation
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs.google.com:777/os//")
+
+    driver(config)
+
+    assert_requested(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash", times: 1)
+  end
+
+  data("legacy_template" => [true, "_template"],
+       "new_template"    => [false, "_index_template"])
+  def test_custom_template_create(data)
+    use_legacy_template_flag, endpoint = data
+    cwd = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+    template_file = if use_legacy_template_flag
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_alias_template.json')
+                    else
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_index_alias_template.json')
+                    end
+
+    config = %{
+      host            logs.google.com
+      port            777
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      template_name   myapp_alias_template
+      template_file   #{template_file}
+      customize_template {"--appid--": "myapp-logs","--index_prefix--":"mylogs"}
+      use_legacy_template #{use_legacy_template_flag}
+    }
+
+    # connection start
+    stub_request(:head, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    # check if template exists
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/myapp_alias_template").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 404, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    # creation
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/myapp_alias_template").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs.google.com:777/os//")
+
+    driver(config)
+
+    assert_requested(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/myapp_alias_template", times: 1)
+  end
+
+  data("legacy_template" => [true, "_template"],
+       "new_template"    => [false, "_index_template"])
+  def test_custom_template_create_with_customize_template_related_placeholders(data)
+    use_legacy_template_flag, endpoint = data
+    cwd = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+    template_file = if use_legacy_template_flag
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_alias_template.json')
+                    else
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_index_alias_template.json')
+                    end
+
+    config = %{
+      host            logs.google.com
+      port            777
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      template_name   myapp_alias_template-${tag}
+      template_file   #{template_file}
+      customize_template {"--appid--": "${tag}-logs","--index_prefix--":"${tag}"}
+      use_legacy_template #{use_legacy_template_flag}
+    }
+
+    # connection start
+    stub_request(:head, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    # check if template exists
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/myapp_alias_template-test.template").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 404, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    # creation
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/myapp_alias_template-test.template").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//%3Cfluentd-test-default-000001%3E").
+      to_return(status: 200, body: "", headers: {})
+
+    driver(config)
+
+    stub_opensearch("https://logs.google.com:777/os//_bulk")
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs.google.com:777/os//")
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test.template') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+
+    assert_requested(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/myapp_alias_template-test.template", times: 1)
+  end
+
+  data("legacy_template" => [true, "_template"],
+       "new_template"    => [false, "_index_template"])
+  def test_custom_template_installation_for_host_placeholder(data)
+    use_legacy_template_flag, endpoint = data
+    cwd = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+    template_file = if use_legacy_template_flag
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_template.json')
+                    else
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_index_template.json')
+                    end
+
+    config = %{
+      host            logs-${tag}.google.com
+      port            777
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      template_name   logstash
+      template_file   #{template_file}
+      verify_os_version_at_startup false
+      default_elasticsearch_version 6
+      customize_template {"--appid--": "myapp-logs","--index_prefix--":"mylogs"}
+      use_legacy_template #{use_legacy_template_flag}
+    }
+
+    # connection start
+    stub_request(:head, "https://logs-test.google.com:777/os//").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    # check if template exists
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs-test.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 404, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs-test.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(status: 200, body: "", headers: {})
+
+    driver(config)
+
+    stub_opensearch("https://logs-test.google.com:777/os//_bulk")
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs-test.google.com:777/os//")
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+  end
+
+  data("legacy_template" => [true, "_template"],
+       "new_template"    => [false, "_index_template"])
+  def test_template_overwrite(data)
+    use_legacy_template_flag, endpoint = data
+    cwd = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+    template_file = if use_legacy_template_flag
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_template.json')
+                    else
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_index_template.json')
+                    end
+
+    config = %{
+      host            logs.google.com
+      port            777
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      template_name   logstash
+      template_file   #{template_file}
+      template_overwrite true
+      use_legacy_template #{use_legacy_template_flag}
+    }
+
+    # connection start
+    stub_request(:head, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    # check if template exists
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    # creation
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs.google.com:777/os//")
+
+    driver(config)
+
+    assert_requested(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash", times: 1)
+  end
+
+  data("legacy_template" => [true, "_template"],
+       "new_template"    => [false, "_index_template"])
+  def test_custom_template_overwrite(data)
+    use_legacy_template_flag, endpoint = data
+    cwd = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+    template_file = if use_legacy_template_flag
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_template.json')
+                    else
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_index_template.json')
+                    end
+
+    config = %{
+      host            logs.google.com
+      port            777
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      template_name   myapp_alias_template
+      template_file   #{template_file}
+      template_overwrite true
+      customize_template {"--appid--": "myapp-logs","--index_prefix--":"mylogs"}
+      use_legacy_template #{use_legacy_template_flag}
+    }
+
+    # connection start
+    stub_request(:head, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    # check if template exists
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/myapp_alias_template").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    # creation
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/myapp_alias_template").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs.google.com:777/os//")
+
+    driver(config)
+
+    assert_requested(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/myapp_alias_template", times: 1)
+  end
+
+  def test_template_create_invalid_filename
+    config = %{
+      host            logs.google.com
+      port            777
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      template_name   logstash
+      template_file   /abc123
+    }
+
+    # connection start
+    stub_request(:head, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    # check if template exists
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//_template/logstash").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 404, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs.google.com:777/os//")
+
+    assert_raise(RuntimeError) {
+      driver(config)
+    }
+  end
+
+  data("legacy_template" => [true, "_template"],
+       "new_template"    => [false, "_index_template"])
+  def test_template_create_for_host_placeholder(data)
+    use_legacy_template_flag, endpoint = data
+    cwd = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+    template_file = if use_legacy_template_flag
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_template.json')
+                    else
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_index_template.json')
+                    end
+
+    config = %{
+      host            logs-${tag}.google.com
+      port            777
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      template_name   logstash
+      template_file   #{template_file}
+      verify_os_version_at_startup false
+      default_elasticsearch_version 6
+      use_legacy_template #{use_legacy_template_flag}
+    }
+
+    # connection start
+    stub_request(:head, "https://logs-test.google.com:777/os//").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    # check if template exists
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs-test.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 404, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs-test.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(status: 200, body: "", headers: {})
+    stub_request(:post, "https://logs-test.google.com:777/os//_bulk").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(status: 200, body: "", headers: {})
+
+    driver(config)
+
+    stub_opensearch("https://logs-test.google.com:777/os//_bulk")
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs-test.google.com:777/os//")
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+  end
+
+  data("legacy_template" => [true, "_template"],
+       "new_template"    => [false, "_index_template"])
+  def test_template_retry_install_fails(data)
+    use_legacy_template_flag, endpoint = data
+    cwd = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+    template_file = if use_legacy_template_flag
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_template.json')
+                    else
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_index_template.json')
+                    end
+
+    config = %{
+      host            logs.google.com
+      port            778
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      template_name   logstash
+      template_file   #{template_file}
+      max_retry_putting_template 3
+      use_legacy_template #{use_legacy_template_flag}
+    }
+
+    connection_resets = 0
+    # check if template exists
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:778/os//#{endpoint}/logstash")
+      .with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']) do |req|
+      connection_resets += 1
+      raise Faraday::ConnectionFailed, "Test message"
+    end
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs.google.com:778/os//")
+
+    assert_raise(Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchError::RetryableOperationExhaustedFailure) do
+      driver(config)
+    end
+
+    assert_equal(4, connection_resets)
+  end
+
+  transport_errors_handled_separately = [OpenSearch::Transport::Transport::Errors::NotFound]
+  transport_errors = OpenSearch::Transport::Transport::Errors.constants.map { |err| [err, OpenSearch::Transport::Transport::Errors.const_get(err)]  }
+  transport_errors_hash = Hash[transport_errors.select { |err| !transport_errors_handled_separately.include?(err[1]) } ]
+
+  data(transport_errors_hash)
+  def test_template_retry_transport_errors(error)
+    endpoint, use_legacy_template_flag = ["_index_template".freeze, false]
+    cwd = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+    template_file = File.join(cwd, 'test_index_template.json')
+
+    config = %{
+      host            logs.google.com
+      port            778
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      template_name   logstash
+      template_file   #{template_file}
+      max_retry_putting_template 0
+      use_legacy_template #{use_legacy_template_flag}
+    }
+
+    retries = 0
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:778/os//#{endpoint}/logstash")
+      .with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']) do |req|
+      retries += 1
+      raise error
+    end
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs.google.com:778/os//")
+
+    assert_raise(Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchError::RetryableOperationExhaustedFailure) do
+      driver(config)
+    end
+
+    assert_equal(1, retries)
+  end
+
+  data("legacy_template" => [true, "_template"],
+       "new_template"    => [false, "_index_template"])
+  def test_template_retry_install_does_not_fail(data)
+    use_legacy_template_flag, endpoint = data
+    cwd = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+    template_file = if use_legacy_template_flag
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_template.json')
+                    else
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_index_template.json')
+                    end
+
+    config = %{
+      host            logs.google.com
+      port            778
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      template_name   logstash
+      template_file   #{template_file}
+      max_retry_putting_template 3
+      fail_on_putting_template_retry_exceed false
+      use_legacy_template #{use_legacy_template_flag}
+    }
+
+    connection_resets = 0
+    # check if template exists
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:778/os//#{endpoint}/logstash")
+      .with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']) do |req|
+      connection_resets += 1
+      raise Faraday::ConnectionFailed, "Test message"
+    end
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs.google.com:778/os//")
+
+    driver(config)
+
+    assert_equal(4, connection_resets)
+  end
+
+  data("legacy_template" => [true, "_template"],
+       "new_template"    => [false, "_index_template"])
+  def test_templates_create(data)
+    use_legacy_template_flag, endpoint = data
+    cwd = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+    template_file = if use_legacy_template_flag
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_template.json')
+                    else
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_index_template.json')
+                    end
+
+    config = %{
+      host            logs.google.com
+      port            777
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      templates       {"logstash1":"#{template_file}", "logstash2":"#{template_file}","logstash3":"#{template_file}" }
+      use_legacy_template #{use_legacy_template_flag}
+    }
+
+    stub_request(:head, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+     # check if template exists
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash1").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 404, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash2").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 404, :body => "", :headers => {})
+
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash3").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {}) #exists
+
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash1").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash2").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash3").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs.google.com:777/os//")
+
+    driver(config)
+
+    assert_requested( :put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash1", times: 1)
+    assert_requested( :put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash2", times: 1)
+    assert_not_requested(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash3") #exists
+  end
+
+  data("legacy_template" => [true, "_template"],
+       "new_template"    => [false, "_index_template"])
+  def test_templates_overwrite(data)
+    use_legacy_template_flag, endpoint = data
+    cwd = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+    template_file = if use_legacy_template_flag
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_template.json')
+                    else
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_index_template.json')
+                    end
+
+    config = %{
+      host            logs.google.com
+      port            777
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      templates       {"logstash1":"#{template_file}", "logstash2":"#{template_file}","logstash3":"#{template_file}" }
+      template_overwrite true
+      use_legacy_template #{use_legacy_template_flag}
+    }
+
+    stub_request(:head, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+     # check if template exists
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash1").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash2").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash3").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {}) #exists
+
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash1").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash2").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash3").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs.google.com:777/os//")
+
+    driver(config)
+
+    assert_requested(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash1", times: 1)
+    assert_requested(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash2", times: 1)
+    assert_requested(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash3", times: 1)
+  end
+
+  data("legacy_template" => [true, "_template"],
+       "new_template"    => [false, "_index_template"])
+  def test_templates_are_also_used(data)
+    use_legacy_template_flag, endpoint = data
+    cwd = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+    template_file = if use_legacy_template_flag
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_template.json')
+                    else
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_index_template.json')
+                    end
+
+    config = %{
+      host            logs.google.com
+      port            777
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      template_name   logstash
+      template_file   #{template_file}
+      templates       {"logstash1":"#{template_file}", "logstash2":"#{template_file}" }
+      use_legacy_template #{use_legacy_template_flag}
+    }
+    # connection start
+    stub_request(:head, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    # check if template exists
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 404, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash1").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 404, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash2").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 404, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    #creation
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash1").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash2").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs.google.com:777/os//")
+
+    driver(config)
+
+    assert_requested(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash", times: 1)
+
+    assert_requested(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash1")
+    assert_requested(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash2")
+  end
+
+  data("legacy_template" => [true, "_template"],
+       "new_template"    => [false, "_index_template"])
+  def test_templates_can_be_partially_created_if_error_occurs(data)
+    use_legacy_template_flag, endpoint = data
+    cwd = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+    template_file = if use_legacy_template_flag
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_template.json')
+                    else
+                      File.join(cwd, 'test_index_template.json')
+                    end
+
+    config = %{
+      host            logs.google.com
+      port            777
+      scheme          https
+      path            /os/
+      user            john
+      password        doe
+      templates       {"logstash1":"#{template_file}", "logstash2":"/abc" }
+      use_legacy_template #{use_legacy_template_flag}
+    }
+    stub_request(:head, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+     # check if template exists
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash1").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 404, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_request(:get, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash2").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 404, :body => "", :headers => {})
+
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash1").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_request(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash2").
+      with(basic_auth: ['john', 'doe']).
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://logs.google.com:777/os//")
+
+    assert_raise(RuntimeError) {
+      driver(config)
+    }
+
+    assert_requested(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash1", times: 1)
+    assert_not_requested(:put, "https://logs.google.com:777/os//#{endpoint}/logstash2")
+  end
+
+  def test_legacy_hosts_list
+    config = %{
+      hosts    host1:50,host2:100,host3
+      scheme   https
+      path     /os/
+      port     123
+    }
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://host1:50")
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://host2:100")
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://host3:123")
+    instance = driver(config).instance
+
+    assert_equal 3, instance.get_connection_options[:hosts].length
+    host1, host2, host3 = instance.get_connection_options[:hosts]
+
+    assert_equal 'host1', host1[:host]
+    assert_equal 50, host1[:port]
+    assert_equal 'https', host1[:scheme]
+    assert_equal '/os/', host2[:path]
+    assert_equal 'host3', host3[:host]
+    assert_equal 123, host3[:port]
+    assert_equal 'https', host3[:scheme]
+    assert_equal '/os/', host3[:path]
+  end
+
+  def test_hosts_list
+    config = %{
+      hosts    https://john:password@host1:443/elastic/,http://host2
+      path     /default_path
+      user     default_user
+      password default_password
+    }
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://john:password@host1:443/elastic/")
+    stub_opensearch_info("http://host2")
+    instance = driver(config).instance
+
+    assert_equal 2, instance.get_connection_options[:hosts].length
+    host1, host2 = instance.get_connection_options[:hosts]
+
+    assert_equal 'host1', host1[:host]
+    assert_equal 443, host1[:port]
+    assert_equal 'https', host1[:scheme]
+    assert_equal 'john', host1[:user]
+    assert_equal 'password', host1[:password]
+    assert_equal '/elastic/', host1[:path]
+
+    assert_equal 'host2', host2[:host]
+    assert_equal 'http', host2[:scheme]
+    assert_equal 'default_user', host2[:user]
+    assert_equal 'default_password', host2[:password]
+    assert_equal '/default_path', host2[:path]
+  end
+
+  def test_hosts_list_with_escape_placeholders
+    config = %{
+      hosts    https://%{j+hn}:%{passw@rd}@host1:443/elastic/,http://host2
+      path     /default_path
+      user     default_user
+      password default_password
+    }
+    stub_opensearch_info("https://j%2Bhn:passw%40rd@host1:443/elastic/")
+    stub_opensearch_info("http://host2")
+
+    instance = driver(config).instance
+
+    assert_equal 2, instance.get_connection_options[:hosts].length
+    host1, host2 = instance.get_connection_options[:hosts]
+
+    assert_equal 'host1', host1[:host]
+    assert_equal 443, host1[:port]
+    assert_equal 'https', host1[:scheme]
+    assert_equal 'j%2Bhn', host1[:user]
+    assert_equal 'passw%40rd', host1[:password]
+    assert_equal '/elastic/', host1[:path]
+
+    assert_equal 'host2', host2[:host]
+    assert_equal 'http', host2[:scheme]
+    assert_equal 'default_user', host2[:user]
+    assert_equal 'default_password', host2[:password]
+    assert_equal '/default_path', host2[:path]
+  end
+
+  class IPv6AdressStringHostsTest < self
+    def test_legacy_hosts_list
+      config = %{
+        hosts    "[2404:7a80:d440:3000:192a:a292:bd7f:ca19]:50,host2:100,host3"
+        scheme   https
+        path     /os/
+        port     123
+      }
+      instance = driver(config).instance
+
+      assert_raise(URI::InvalidURIError) do
+        instance.get_connection_options[:hosts].length
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_hosts_list
+      config = %{
+        hosts    https://john:password@[2404:7a80:d440:3000:192a:a292:bd7f:ca19]:443/opensearch/,http://host2
+        path     /default_path
+        user     default_user
+        password default_password
+      }
+      instance = driver(config).instance
+
+      assert_equal 2, instance.get_connection_options[:hosts].length
+      host1, host2 = instance.get_connection_options[:hosts]
+
+      assert_equal '[2404:7a80:d440:3000:192a:a292:bd7f:ca19]', host1[:host]
+      assert_equal 443, host1[:port]
+      assert_equal 'https', host1[:scheme]
+      assert_equal 'john', host1[:user]
+      assert_equal 'password', host1[:password]
+      assert_equal '/opensearch/', host1[:path]
+
+      assert_equal 'host2', host2[:host]
+      assert_equal 'http', host2[:scheme]
+      assert_equal 'default_user', host2[:user]
+      assert_equal 'default_password', host2[:password]
+      assert_equal '/default_path', host2[:path]
+    end
+
+    def test_hosts_list_with_escape_placeholders
+      config = %{
+        hosts    https://%{j+hn}:%{passw@rd}@[2404:7a80:d440:3000:192a:a292:bd7f:ca19]:443/opensearch/,http://host2
+        path     /default_path
+        user     default_user
+        password default_password
+      }
+      instance = driver(config).instance
+
+      assert_equal 2, instance.get_connection_options[:hosts].length
+      host1, host2 = instance.get_connection_options[:hosts]
+
+      assert_equal '[2404:7a80:d440:3000:192a:a292:bd7f:ca19]', host1[:host]
+      assert_equal 443, host1[:port]
+      assert_equal 'https', host1[:scheme]
+      assert_equal 'j%2Bhn', host1[:user]
+      assert_equal 'passw%40rd', host1[:password]
+      assert_equal '/opensearch/', host1[:path]
+
+      assert_equal 'host2', host2[:host]
+      assert_equal 'http', host2[:scheme]
+      assert_equal 'default_user', host2[:user]
+      assert_equal 'default_password', host2[:password]
+      assert_equal '/default_path', host2[:path]
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_single_host_params_and_defaults
+    config = %{
+      host     logs.google.com
+      user     john
+      password doe
+    }
+    instance = driver(config).instance
+
+    assert_equal 1, instance.get_connection_options[:hosts].length
+    host1 = instance.get_connection_options[:hosts][0]
+
+    assert_equal 'logs.google.com', host1[:host]
+    assert_equal 9200, host1[:port]
+    assert_equal 'http', host1[:scheme]
+    assert_equal 'john', host1[:user]
+    assert_equal 'doe', host1[:password]
+    assert_equal nil, host1[:path]
+  end
+
+  def test_single_host_params_and_defaults_with_escape_placeholders
+    config = %{
+      host     logs.google.com
+      user     %{j+hn}
+      password %{d@e}
+    }
+    instance = driver(config).instance
+
+    assert_equal 1, instance.get_connection_options[:hosts].length
+    host1 = instance.get_connection_options[:hosts][0]
+
+    assert_equal 'logs.google.com', host1[:host]
+    assert_equal 9200, host1[:port]
+    assert_equal 'http', host1[:scheme]
+    assert_equal 'j%2Bhn', host1[:user]
+    assert_equal 'd%40e', host1[:password]
+    assert_equal nil, host1[:path]
+  end
+
+  def test_host_and_port_are_ignored_if_specify_hosts
+    config = %{
+      host  logs.google.com
+      port  9200
+      hosts host1:50,host2:100
+    }
+    instance = driver(config).instance
+
+    params = instance.get_connection_options[:hosts]
+    hosts = params.map { |p| p[:host] }
+    ports = params.map { |p| p[:port] }
+    assert(hosts.none? { |h| h == 'logs.google.com' })
+    assert(ports.none? { |p| p == 9200 })
+  end
+
+  class IPv6AdressStringHostTest < self
+    def test_single_host_params_and_defaults
+      config = %{
+        host     2404:7a80:d440:3000:192a:a292:bd7f:ca19
+        user     john
+        password doe
+      }
+      instance = driver(config).instance
+
+      assert_equal 1, instance.get_connection_options[:hosts].length
+      host1 = instance.get_connection_options[:hosts][0]
+
+      assert_equal '[2404:7a80:d440:3000:192a:a292:bd7f:ca19]', host1[:host]
+      assert_equal 9200, host1[:port]
+      assert_equal 'http', host1[:scheme]
+      assert_equal 'john', host1[:user]
+      assert_equal 'doe', host1[:password]
+      assert_equal nil, host1[:path]
+    end
+
+    def test_single_host_params_and_defaults_with_escape_placeholders
+      config = %{
+        host     2404:7a80:d440:3000:192a:a292:bd7f:ca19
+        user     %{j+hn}
+        password %{d@e}
+      }
+      instance = driver(config).instance
+
+      assert_equal 1, instance.get_connection_options[:hosts].length
+      host1 = instance.get_connection_options[:hosts][0]
+
+      assert_equal '[2404:7a80:d440:3000:192a:a292:bd7f:ca19]', host1[:host]
+      assert_equal 9200, host1[:port]
+      assert_equal 'http', host1[:scheme]
+      assert_equal 'j%2Bhn', host1[:user]
+      assert_equal 'd%40e', host1[:password]
+      assert_equal nil, host1[:path]
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_password_is_required_if_specify_user
+    config = %{
+      user john
+    }
+
+    assert_raise(Fluent::ConfigError) do
+      driver(config)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_content_type_header
+    stub_request(:head, "http://localhost:9200/").
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    elastic_request = stub_request(:post, "http://localhost:9200/_bulk").
+                        with(headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/x-ndjson" })
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_requested(elastic_request)
+  end
+
+  def test_custom_headers
+    stub_request(:head, "http://localhost:9200/").
+      to_return(:status => 200, :body => "", :headers => {})
+    elastic_request = stub_request(:post, "http://localhost:9200/_bulk").
+                        with(headers: {'custom' => 'header1','and_others' => 'header2' })
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.configure(%[custom_headers {"custom":"header1", "and_others":"header2"}])
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_requested(elastic_request)
+  end
+
+  def test_write_message_with_bad_chunk
+    driver.configure("target_index_key bad_value\n@log_level debug\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed({'bad_value'=>"\255"})
+    end
+    error_log = driver.error_events.map {|e| e.last.message }
+
+    assert_logs_include(error_log, /(input string invalid)|(invalid byte sequence in UTF-8)/)
+  end
+
+  data('OpenSearch 1' => [1, 'fluentd'],
+      )
+  def test_writes_to_default_index(data)
+    version, index_name = data
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver("", version)
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_equal(index_name, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  # gzip compress data
+  def gzip(string, strategy)
+    wio = StringIO.new("w")
+    w_gz = Zlib::GzipWriter.new(wio, strategy = strategy)
+    w_gz.write(string)
+    w_gz.close
+    wio.string
+  end
+
+
+  def test_writes_to_default_index_with_compression
+    config = %[
+      compression_level default_compression
+    ]
+
+    bodystr = %({
+          "took" : 500,
+          "errors" : false,
+          "items" : [
+            {
+              "create": {
+                "_index" : "fluentd",
+                "_type"  : "fluentd"
+              }
+            }
+           ]
+        })
+
+    compressed_body = gzip(bodystr, Zlib::DEFAULT_COMPRESSION)
+
+    elastic_request = stub_request(:post, "http://localhost:9200/_bulk").
+        to_return(:status => 200, :headers => {'Content-Type' => 'Application/json'}, :body => compressed_body)
+    stub_opensearch_info("http://localhost:9200/")
+
+    driver(config)
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+
+    assert_requested(elastic_request)
+  end
+
+  data('OpenSearch 1' => [1, Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput::DEFAULT_TYPE_NAME],
+      )
+  def test_writes_to_default_type(data)
+    version, index_type = data
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver("", version)
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_equal(index_type, index_cmds.first['index']['_type'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_speficied_index
+    driver.configure("index_name myindex\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_equal('myindex', index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_with_huge_records
+    driver.configure(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                       'ROOT', '', {
+                         '@type' => 'opensearch',
+                         'bulk_message_request_threshold' => 20 * 1024 * 1024,
+                       }, [
+                         Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag', {
+                                                       'chunk_keys' => ['tag', 'time'],
+                                                       'chunk_limit_size' => '64MB',
+                                                     }, [])
+                       ]
+                     ))
+    request = stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record('huge_record' => ("a" * 20 * 1024 * 1024)))
+      driver.feed(sample_record('huge_record' => ("a" * 20 * 1024 * 1024)))
+    end
+    assert_requested(request, times: 2)
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_with_record_metadata
+    chunk_id_key = "metadata_key".freeze
+    driver.configure(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                       'ROOT', '', {
+                         '@type' => 'opensearch',
+                       }, [
+                         Fluent::Config::Element.new('metadata', '', {
+                                                       'include_chunk_id' => true,
+                                                       'chunk_id_key' => chunk_id_key,
+                                                     }, [])
+                       ]
+                     ))
+    stub_request(:post, "http://localhost:9200/_bulk").
+      with(
+        body: /{"index":{"_index":"fluentd","_type":"_doc"}}\n{"age":26,"request_id":"42","parent_id":"parent","routing_id":"routing","#{chunk_id_key}":".*"}\n/) do |req|
+      @index_cmds = req.body.split("\n").map {|r| JSON.parse(r) }
+    end
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test', shutdown: false) do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_true index_cmds[1].has_key?(chunk_id_key)
+    first_chunk_id = index_cmds[1].fetch(chunk_id_key)
+
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_true index_cmds[1].has_key?(chunk_id_key)
+    second_chunk_id = index_cmds[1].fetch(chunk_id_key)
+    assert do
+      first_chunk_id != second_chunk_id
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_with_huge_records_but_uncheck
+    driver.configure(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                       'ROOT', '', {
+                         '@type' => 'opensearch',
+                         'bulk_message_request_threshold' => -1,
+                       }, [
+                         Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag', {
+                                                       'chunk_keys' => ['tag', 'time'],
+                                                       'chunk_limit_size' => '64MB',
+                                                     }, [])
+                       ]
+                     ))
+    request = stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record('huge_record' => ("a" * 20 * 1024 * 1024)))
+      driver.feed(sample_record('huge_record' => ("a" * 20 * 1024 * 1024)))
+    end
+    assert_false(driver.instance.split_request?({}, nil))
+    assert_requested(request, times: 1)
+  end
+
+  class IndexNamePlaceholdersTest < self
+    def test_writes_to_speficied_index_with_tag_placeholder
+      driver.configure("index_name myindex.${tag}\n")
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal('myindex.test', index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+    end
+
+    def test_writes_to_speficied_index_with_time_placeholder
+      driver.configure(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                         'ROOT', '', {
+                           '@type' => 'opensearch',
+                           'index_name' => 'myindex.%Y.%m.%d',
+                         }, [
+                           Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag,time', {
+                                                         'chunk_keys' => ['tag', 'time'],
+                                                         'timekey' => 3600,
+                                                       }, [])
+                         ]
+                       ))
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal("myindex.#{time.utc.strftime("%Y.%m.%d")}", index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+    end
+
+    def test_writes_to_speficied_index_with_custom_key_placeholder
+      driver.configure(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                         'ROOT', '', {
+                           '@type' => 'opensearch',
+                           'index_name' => 'myindex.${pipeline_id}',
+                         }, [
+                           Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag,pipeline_id', {}, [])
+                         ]
+                       ))
+      time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+      pipeline_id = "mypipeline"
+      logstash_index = "myindex.#{pipeline_id}"
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record.merge({"pipeline_id" => pipeline_id}))
+      end
+      assert_equal(logstash_index, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_speficied_index_uppercase
+    driver.configure("index_name MyIndex\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    # Allthough index_name has upper-case characters,
+    # it should be set as lower-case when sent to elasticsearch.
+    assert_equal('myindex', index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_target_index_key
+    driver.configure("target_index_key @target_index\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    record = sample_record.clone
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge('@target_index' => 'local-override'))
+    end
+    assert_equal('local-override', index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+    assert_nil(index_cmds[1]['@target_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_target_index_key_logstash
+    driver.configure("target_index_key @target_index
+                      logstash_format true")
+    time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record.merge('@target_index' => 'local-override'))
+    end
+    assert_equal('local-override', index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_target_index_key_logstash_uppercase
+    driver.configure("target_index_key @target_index
+                      logstash_format true")
+    time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record.merge('@target_index' => 'LOCAL-OVERRIDE'))
+    end
+    # Allthough @target_index has upper-case characters,
+    # it should be set as lower-case when sent to elasticsearch.
+    assert_equal('local-override', index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_default_index_with_pipeline
+    pipeline = "fluentd"
+    driver.configure("pipeline #{pipeline}")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_equal(pipeline, index_cmds.first['index']['pipeline'])
+  end
+
+  def stub_opensearch_affinity_target_index_search_with_body(url="http://localhost:9200/logstash-*/_search", ids, return_body_str)
+    # Note: ids used in query is unique list of ids
+    stub_request(:post, url)
+      .with(
+        body: "{\"query\":{\"ids\":{\"values\":#{ids.uniq.to_json}}},\"_source\":false,\"sort\":[{\"_index\":{\"order\":\"desc\"}}]}",
+      )
+      .to_return(lambda do |req|
+      { :status => 200,
+        :headers => { 'Content-Type' => 'json' },
+        :body => return_body_str
+      }
+    end)
+  end
+
+  def stub_opensearch_affinity_target_index_search(url="http://localhost:9200/logstash-*/_search", ids, indices)
+    # Example ids and indices arrays.
+    #  [ "3408a2c8eecd4fbfb82e45012b54fa82", "2816fc6ef4524b3f8f7e869002005433"]
+    #  [ "logstash-2021.04.28", "logstash-2021.04.29"]
+    body = %({
+      "took" : 31,
+      "timed_out" : false,
+      "_shards" : {
+        "total" : 52,
+        "successful" : 52,
+        "skipped" : 48,
+        "failed" : 0
+      },
+      "hits" : {
+        "total" : {
+          "value" : 356,
+          "relation" : "eq"
+        },
+        "max_score" : null,
+        "hits" : [
+          {
+            "_index" : "#{indices[0]}",
+            "_type" : "_doc",
+            "_id" : "#{ids[0]}",
+            "_score" : null,
+            "sort" : [
+              "#{indices[0]}"
+            ]
+          },
+          {
+            "_index" : "#{indices[1]}",
+            "_type" : "_doc",
+            "_id" : "#{ids[1]}",
+            "_score" : null,
+            "sort" : [
+              "#{indices[1]}"
+            ]
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    })
+    stub_opensearch_affinity_target_index_search_with_body(ids, body)
+  end
+
+  def stub_opensearch_affinity_target_index_search_return_empty(url="http://localhost:9200/logstash-*/_search", ids)
+    empty_body = %({
+      "took" : 5,
+      "timed_out" : false,
+      "_shards" : {
+        "total" : 54,
+        "successful" : 54,
+        "skipped" : 53,
+        "failed" : 0
+      },
+      "hits" : {
+        "total" : {
+          "value" : 0,
+          "relation" : "eq"
+        },
+        "max_score" : null,
+        "hits" : [ ]
+      }
+    })
+    stub_opensearch_affinity_target_index_search_with_body(ids, empty_body)
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_affinity_target_index
+    driver.configure("target_index_affinity true
+                      logstash_format true
+                      id_key my_id
+                      write_operation update")
+
+    my_id_value = "3408a2c8eecd4fbfb82e45012b54fa82"
+    ids = [my_id_value]
+    indices = ["logstash-2021.04.28"]
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    stub_opensearch_affinity_target_index_search(ids, indices)
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record('my_id' => my_id_value))
+    end
+    assert_equal('logstash-2021.04.28', index_cmds.first['update']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_affinity_target_index_write_operation_upsert
+    driver.configure("target_index_affinity true
+                      logstash_format true
+                      id_key my_id
+                      write_operation upsert")
+
+    my_id_value = "3408a2c8eecd4fbfb82e45012b54fa82"
+    ids = [my_id_value]
+    indices = ["logstash-2021.04.28"]
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    stub_opensearch_affinity_target_index_search(ids, indices)
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record('my_id' => my_id_value))
+    end
+    assert_equal('logstash-2021.04.28', index_cmds.first['update']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_affinity_target_index_index_not_exists_yet
+    driver.configure("target_index_affinity true
+                      logstash_format true
+                      id_key my_id
+                      write_operation update")
+
+    my_id_value = "3408a2c8eecd4fbfb82e45012b54fa82"
+    ids = [my_id_value]
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    stub_opensearch_affinity_target_index_search_return_empty(ids)
+    time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record('my_id' => my_id_value))
+    end
+    assert_equal("logstash-#{time.utc.strftime("%Y.%m.%d")}", index_cmds.first['update']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_affinity_target_index_multiple_indices
+    driver.configure("target_index_affinity true
+                      logstash_format true
+                      id_key my_id
+                      write_operation update")
+
+    my_id_value = "2816fc6ef4524b3f8f7e869002005433"
+    my_id_value2 = "3408a2c8eecd4fbfb82e45012b54fa82"
+    ids = [my_id_value, my_id_value2]
+    indices = ["logstash-2021.04.29", "logstash-2021.04.28"]
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    stub_opensearch_all_requests
+    stub_opensearch_affinity_target_index_search(ids, indices)
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record('my_id' => my_id_value))
+      driver.feed(sample_record('my_id' => my_id_value2))
+    end
+    assert_equal(2, index_cmds_all_requests.count)
+    assert_equal('logstash-2021.04.29', index_cmds_all_requests[0].first['update']['_index'])
+    assert_equal(my_id_value, index_cmds_all_requests[0].first['update']['_id'])
+    assert_equal('logstash-2021.04.28', index_cmds_all_requests[1].first['update']['_index'])
+    assert_equal(my_id_value2, index_cmds_all_requests[1].first['update']['_id'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_affinity_target_index_same_id_dublicated_write_to_oldest_index
+    driver.configure("target_index_affinity true
+                      logstash_format true
+                      id_key my_id
+                      write_operation update")
+
+    my_id_value = "2816fc6ef4524b3f8f7e869002005433"
+    # It may happen than same id has inserted to two index while data inserted during rollover period
+    ids = [my_id_value, my_id_value]
+    # Simulate the used sorting here, as search sorts indices in DESC order to pick only oldest index per single _id
+    indices = ["logstash-2021.04.29", "logstash-2021.04.28"]
+
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    stub_opensearch_all_requests
+    stub_opensearch_affinity_target_index_search(ids, indices)
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record('my_id' => my_id_value))
+      driver.feed(sample_record('my_id' => my_id_value))
+    end
+    assert_equal('logstash-2021.04.28', index_cmds.first['update']['_index'])
+
+    assert_equal(1, index_cmds_all_requests.count)
+    assert_equal('logstash-2021.04.28', index_cmds_all_requests[0].first['update']['_index'])
+    assert_equal(my_id_value, index_cmds_all_requests[0].first['update']['_id'])
+  end
+
+  class PipelinePlaceholdersTest < self
+    def test_writes_to_default_index_with_pipeline_tag_placeholder
+      pipeline = "fluentd-${tag}"
+      driver.configure("pipeline #{pipeline}")
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test.builtin.placeholder') do
+        driver.feed(sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal("fluentd-test.builtin.placeholder", index_cmds.first['index']['pipeline'])
+    end
+
+    def test_writes_to_default_index_with_pipeline_time_placeholder
+      driver.configure(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                         'ROOT', '', {
+                           '@type' => 'elasticsearch',
+                           'pipeline' => 'fluentd-%Y%m%d',
+                         }, [
+                           Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag,time', {
+                                                         'chunk_keys' => ['tag', 'time'],
+                                                         'timekey' => 3600,
+                                                       }, [])
+                         ]
+                       ))
+      time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+      pipeline = "fluentd-#{time.getutc.strftime("%Y%m%d")}"
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal(pipeline, index_cmds.first['index']['pipeline'])
+    end
+
+    def test_writes_to_default_index_with_pipeline_custom_key_placeholder
+      driver.configure(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                         'ROOT', '', {
+                           '@type' => 'elasticsearch',
+                           'pipeline' => 'fluentd-${pipeline_id}',
+                         }, [
+                           Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag,pipeline_id', {}, [])
+                         ]
+                       ))
+      time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+      pipeline_id = "mypipeline"
+      logstash_index = "fluentd-#{pipeline_id}"
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record.merge({"pipeline_id" => pipeline_id}))
+      end
+      assert_equal(logstash_index, index_cmds.first['index']['pipeline'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_target_index_key_fallack
+    driver.configure("target_index_key @target_index\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_equal('fluentd', index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_target_index_key_fallack_logstash
+    driver.configure("target_index_key @target_index\n
+                      logstash_format true")
+    time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+    logstash_index = "logstash-#{time.getutc.strftime("%Y.%m.%d")}"
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_equal(logstash_index, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  data(
+    "OpenSearch default" => {"os_version" => 1, "_type" => "_doc", "suppress_type" => false},
+    "Suppressed type"    => {"os_version" => 1, "_type" => nil,    "suppress_type" => true},
+    "OpenSearch 2"       => {"os_version" => 2, "_type" => nil,    "suppress_type" => true},
+  )
+  def test_writes_to_speficied_type(data)
+    driver('', data["os_version"]).configure("suppress_type_name #{data['suppress_type']}")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    if data["suppress_type"] || data["os_version"] >= 2
+      assert_false(index_cmds.first['index'].has_key?("_type"))
+    else
+      assert_true(index_cmds.first['index'].has_key?("_type"))
+      assert_equal(data['_type'], index_cmds.first['index']['_type'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_speficied_host
+    driver.configure("host 192.168.33.50\n")
+    elastic_request = stub_opensearch("http://192.168.33.50:9200/_bulk")
+    stub_opensearch_info("http://192.168.33.50:9200/")
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_requested(elastic_request)
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_speficied_port
+    driver.configure("port 9201\n")
+    elastic_request = stub_opensearch("http://localhost:9201/_bulk")
+    stub_opensearch_info("http://localhost:9201")
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_requested(elastic_request)
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_multi_hosts
+    hosts = [['192.168.33.50', 9201], ['192.168.33.51', 9201], ['192.168.33.52', 9201]]
+    hosts_string = hosts.map {|x| "#{x[0]}:#{x[1]}"}.compact.join(',')
+
+    driver.configure("hosts #{hosts_string}")
+
+    hosts.each do |host_info|
+      host, port = host_info
+      stub_opensearch_with_store_index_command_counts("http://#{host}:#{port}/_bulk")
+      stub_opensearch_info("http://#{host}:#{port}/")
+    end
+
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      1000.times do
+        driver.feed(sample_record.merge('age'=>rand(100)))
+      end
+    end
+
+    # @note: we cannot make multi chunks with options (flush_interval, buffer_chunk_limit)
+    # it's Fluentd test driver's constraint
+    # so @index_command_counts.size is always 1
+
+    assert(@index_command_counts.size > 0, "not working with hosts options")
+
+    total = 0
+    @index_command_counts.each do |url, count|
+      total += count
+    end
+    assert_equal(2000, total)
+  end
+
+  def test_nested_record_with_flattening_on
+    driver.configure("flatten_hashes true
+                      flatten_hashes_separator |")
+
+    original_hash =  {"foo" => {"bar" => "baz"}, "people" => [
+      {"age" => "25", "height" => "1ft"},
+      {"age" => "30", "height" => "2ft"}
+    ]}
+
+    expected_output = {"foo|bar"=>"baz", "people" => [
+      {"age" => "25", "height" => "1ft"},
+      {"age" => "30", "height" => "2ft"}
+    ]}
+
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(original_hash)
+    end
+    assert_equal expected_output, index_cmds[1]
+  end
+
+  def test_nested_record_with_flattening_off
+    # flattening off by default
+
+    original_hash =  {"foo" => {"bar" => "baz"}}
+    expected_output = {"foo" => {"bar" => "baz"}}
+
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(original_hash)
+    end
+    assert_equal expected_output, index_cmds[1]
+  end
+
+  def test_makes_bulk_request
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge('age' => 27))
+    end
+    assert_equal(4, index_cmds.count)
+  end
+
+  def test_all_re
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge('age' => 27))
+    end
+    assert_equal(26, index_cmds[1]['age'])
+    assert_equal(27, index_cmds[3]['age'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_logstash_index
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true\n")
+    #
+    # This is 1 second past midnight in BST, so the UTC index should be the day before
+    dt = DateTime.new(2015, 6, 1, 0, 0, 1, "+01:00")
+    logstash_index = "logstash-2015.05.31"
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(dt.to_time.to_i, sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_equal(logstash_index, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_logstash_non_utc_index
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      utc_index false")
+    # When using `utc_index false` the index time will be the local day of
+    # ingestion time
+    time = Date.today.to_time
+    index = "logstash-#{time.strftime("%Y.%m.%d")}"
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_equal(index, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_logstash_index_with_specified_prefix
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      logstash_prefix myprefix")
+    time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+    logstash_index = "myprefix-#{time.getutc.strftime("%Y.%m.%d")}"
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_equal(logstash_index, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_logstash_index_with_specified_prefix_and_separator
+    separator = '_'
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      logstash_prefix_separator #{separator}
+                      logstash_prefix myprefix")
+    time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+    logstash_index = "myprefix#{separator}#{time.getutc.strftime("%Y.%m.%d")}"
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_equal(logstash_index, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  class LogStashPrefixPlaceholdersTest < self
+    def test_writes_to_logstash_index_with_specified_prefix_and_tag_placeholder
+      driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      logstash_prefix myprefix-${tag}")
+      time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+      logstash_index = "myprefix-test-#{time.getutc.strftime("%Y.%m.%d")}"
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal(logstash_index, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+    end
+
+    def test_writes_to_logstash_index_with_specified_prefix_and_time_placeholder
+      driver.configure(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                         'ROOT', '', {
+                           '@type' => 'opensearch',
+                           'logstash_format' => true,
+                           'logstash_prefix' => 'myprefix-%H',
+                         }, [
+                           Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag,time', {
+                                                         'chunk_keys' => ['tag', 'time'],
+                                                         'timekey' => 3600,
+                                                       }, [])
+                         ]
+                       ))
+      time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+      logstash_index = "myprefix-#{time.getutc.strftime("%H")}-#{time.getutc.strftime("%Y.%m.%d")}"
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal(logstash_index, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+    end
+
+    def test_writes_to_logstash_index_with_specified_prefix_and_custom_key_placeholder
+      driver.configure(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                         'ROOT', '', {
+                           '@type' => 'opensearch',
+                           'logstash_format' => true,
+                           'logstash_prefix' => 'myprefix-${pipeline_id}',
+                         }, [
+                           Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag,pipeline_id', {}, [])
+                         ]
+                       ))
+      time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+      pipeline_id = "mypipeline"
+      logstash_index = "myprefix-#{pipeline_id}-#{time.getutc.strftime("%Y.%m.%d")}"
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record.merge({"pipeline_id" => pipeline_id}))
+      end
+      assert_equal(logstash_index, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  class LogStashDateformatPlaceholdersTest < self
+    def test_writes_to_logstash_index_with_specified_prefix_and_dateformat_placeholder_pattern_1
+      driver.configure(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                         'ROOT', '', {
+                           '@type' => 'opensearch',
+                           'logstash_format' => true,
+                           'logstash_dateformat' => '${indexformat}',
+                           'logstash_prefix' => 'myprefix',
+                         }, [
+                           Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag,time,indexformat', {
+                                                         'chunk_keys' => ['tag', 'time', 'indexformat'],
+                                                         'timekey' => 3600,
+                                                       }, [])
+                         ]
+                       ))
+      time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+      logstash_index = "myprefix-#{time.getutc.strftime("%Y.%m.%d")}"
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record.merge('indexformat' => '%Y.%m.%d'))
+      end
+      assert_equal(logstash_index, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+    end
+
+    def test_writes_to_logstash_index_with_specified_prefix_and_dateformat_placeholder_pattern_2
+      driver.configure(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                         'ROOT', '', {
+                           '@type' => 'opensearch',
+                           'logstash_format' => true,
+                           'logstash_dateformat' => '${indexformat}',
+                           'logstash_prefix' => 'myprefix',
+                         }, [
+                           Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag,time,indexformat', {
+                                                         'chunk_keys' => ['tag', 'time', 'indexformat'],
+                                                         'timekey' => 3600,
+                                                       }, [])
+                         ]
+                       ))
+      time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+      logstash_index = "myprefix-#{time.getutc.strftime("%Y.%m")}"
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record.merge('indexformat' => '%Y.%m'))
+      end
+      assert_equal(logstash_index, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  class HostnamePlaceholders < self
+    def test_writes_to_extracted_host
+      driver.configure("host ${tag}\n")
+      time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+      elastic_request = stub_opensearch("http://extracted-host:9200/_bulk")
+      stub_opensearch_info("http://extracted-host:9200/")
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'extracted-host') do
+        driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_requested(elastic_request)
+    end
+
+    def test_writes_to_multi_hosts_with_placeholders
+      hosts = [['${tag}', 9201], ['192.168.33.51', 9201], ['192.168.33.52', 9201]]
+      hosts_string = hosts.map {|x| "#{x[0]}:#{x[1]}"}.compact.join(',')
+
+      driver.configure("hosts #{hosts_string}")
+
+      hosts.each do |host_info|
+        host, port = host_info
+        host = "extracted-host" if host == '${tag}'
+        stub_opensearch_with_store_index_command_counts("http://#{host}:#{port}/_bulk")
+        stub_opensearch_info("http://#{host}:#{port}")
+      end
+
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'extracted-host') do
+        1000.times do
+          driver.feed(sample_record.merge('age'=>rand(100)))
+        end
+      end
+
+      # @note: we cannot make multi chunks with options (flush_interval, buffer_chunk_limit)
+      # it's Fluentd test driver's constraint
+      # so @index_command_counts.size is always 1
+
+      assert(@index_command_counts.size > 0, "not working with hosts options")
+
+      total = 0
+      @index_command_counts.each do |url, count|
+        total += count
+      end
+      assert_equal(2000, total)
+    end
+
+    def test_writes_to_extracted_host_with_time_placeholder
+      driver.configure(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                         'ROOT', '', {
+                           '@type' => 'elasticsearch',
+                           'host' => 'host-%Y%m%d',
+                         }, [
+                           Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag,time', {
+                                                         'chunk_keys' => ['tag', 'time'],
+                                                         'timekey' => 3600,
+                                                       }, [])
+                         ]
+                       ))
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+      elastic_request = stub_opensearch("http://host-#{time.utc.strftime('%Y%m%d')}:9200/_bulk")
+      stub_opensearch_info("http://host-#{time.utc.strftime('%Y%m%d')}:9200/")
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_requested(elastic_request)
+    end
+
+    def test_writes_to_extracted_host_with_custom_key_placeholder
+      driver.configure(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                         'ROOT', '', {
+                           '@type' => 'opensearch',
+                           'host' => 'myhost-${pipeline_id}',
+                         }, [
+                           Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag,pipeline_id', {}, [])
+                         ]
+                       ))
+      time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+      first_pipeline_id = "1"
+      second_pipeline_id = "2"
+      first_request = stub_opensearch("http://myhost-1:9200/_bulk")
+      second_request = stub_opensearch("http://myhost-2:9200/_bulk")
+      stub_opensearch_info("http://myhost-1:9200/")
+      stub_opensearch_info("http://myhost-2:9200/")
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record.merge({"pipeline_id" => first_pipeline_id}))
+        driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record.merge({"pipeline_id" => second_pipeline_id}))
+      end
+      assert_requested(first_request)
+      assert_requested(second_request)
+    end
+
+    def test_writes_to_extracted_host_with_placeholder_replaced_in_exception_message
+      driver.configure(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+                         'ROOT', '', {
+                           '@type' => 'opensearch',
+                           'host' => 'myhost-${pipeline_id}',
+                         }, [
+                           Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', 'tag,pipeline_id', {}, [])
+                         ]
+                       ))
+      time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+      pipeline_id = "1"
+      request = stub_opensearch_unavailable("http://myhost-1:9200/_bulk")
+      stub_opensearch_info("http://myhost-1:9200/")
+      exception = assert_raise(Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput::RecoverableRequestFailure) {
+        driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+          driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record.merge({"pipeline_id" => pipeline_id}))
+        end
+      }
+      assert_equal("could not push logs to OpenSearch cluster ({:host=>\"myhost-1\", :port=>9200, :scheme=>\"http\"}): [503] ", exception.message)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_logstash_index_with_specified_prefix_uppercase
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      logstash_prefix MyPrefix")
+    time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+    logstash_index = "myprefix-#{time.getutc.strftime("%Y.%m.%d")}"
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record)
+    end
+    # Allthough logstash_prefix has upper-case characters,
+    # it should be set as lower-case when sent to elasticsearch.
+    assert_equal(logstash_index, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_logstash_index_with_specified_dateformat
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      logstash_dateformat %Y.%m")
+    time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+    logstash_index = "logstash-#{time.getutc.strftime("%Y.%m")}"
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_equal(logstash_index, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_writes_to_logstash_index_with_specified_prefix_and_dateformat
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      logstash_prefix myprefix
+                      logstash_dateformat %Y.%m")
+    time = Time.parse Date.today.iso8601
+    logstash_index = "myprefix-#{time.getutc.strftime("%Y.%m")}"
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(time.to_i, sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_equal(logstash_index, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_error_if_tag_not_in_chunk_keys
+    assert_raise(Fluent::ConfigError) {
+      config = %{
+        <buffer foo>
+        </buffer>
+      }
+      driver.configure(config)
+    }
+  end
+
+  def test_can_use_custom_chunk_along_with_tag
+    config = %{
+      <buffer tag, foo>
+      </buffer>
+    }
+    driver.configure(config)
+  end
+
+  def test_doesnt_add_logstash_timestamp_by_default
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_nil(index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+  end
+
+  def test_adds_timestamp_when_logstash
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    ts = DateTime.now
+    time = Fluent::EventTime.from_time(ts.to_time)
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(time, sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key? '@timestamp')
+    assert_equal(ts.iso8601(9), index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+  end
+
+  def test_adds_timestamp_when_include_timestamp
+    driver.configure("include_timestamp true\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    ts = DateTime.now
+    time = Fluent::EventTime.from_time(ts.to_time)
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(time, sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key? '@timestamp')
+    assert_equal(ts.iso8601(9), index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+  end
+
+  def test_uses_custom_timestamp_when_included_in_record
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    ts = DateTime.new(2001,2,3).iso8601
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge!('@timestamp' => ts))
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key? '@timestamp')
+    assert_equal(ts, index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+  end
+
+  def test_uses_custom_timestamp_when_included_in_record_without_logstash
+    driver.configure("include_timestamp true\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    ts = DateTime.new(2001,2,3).iso8601
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge!('@timestamp' => ts))
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key? '@timestamp')
+    assert_equal(ts, index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+  end
+
+  def test_uses_custom_time_key
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      time_key vtm\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    ts = DateTime.new(2001,2,3).iso8601(9)
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge!('vtm' => ts))
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key? '@timestamp')
+    assert_equal(ts, index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+  end
+
+  def test_uses_custom_time_key_with_float_record
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      time_precision 3
+                      time_key vtm\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    time = Time.now
+    float_time = time.to_f
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge!('vtm' => float_time))
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key? '@timestamp')
+    assert_equal(time.to_datetime.iso8601(3), index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+  end
+
+  def test_uses_custom_time_key_with_format
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      time_key_format %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%N%z
+                      time_key vtm\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    ts = "2001-02-03 13:14:01.673+02:00"
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge!('vtm' => ts))
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key? '@timestamp')
+    assert_equal(DateTime.parse(ts).iso8601(9), index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+    assert_equal("logstash-2001.02.03", index_cmds[0]['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_uses_custom_time_key_with_float_record_and_format
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      time_key_format %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%N%z
+                      time_key vtm\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    ts = "2001-02-03 13:14:01.673+02:00"
+    time = Time.parse(ts)
+    current_zone_offset = Time.new(2001, 02, 03).to_datetime.offset
+    float_time = time.to_f
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge!('vtm' => float_time))
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key? '@timestamp')
+    assert_equal(DateTime.parse(ts).new_offset(current_zone_offset).iso8601(9), index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+  end
+
+  def test_uses_custom_time_key_with_format_without_logstash
+    driver.configure("include_timestamp true
+                      index_name test
+                      time_key_format %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%N%z
+                      time_key vtm\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    ts = "2001-02-03 13:14:01.673+02:00"
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge!('vtm' => ts))
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key? '@timestamp')
+    assert_equal(DateTime.parse(ts).iso8601(9), index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+    assert_equal("test", index_cmds[0]['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_uses_custom_time_key_exclude_timekey
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      time_key vtm
+                      time_key_exclude_timestamp true\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    ts = DateTime.new(2001,2,3).iso8601
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge!('vtm' => ts))
+    end
+    assert(!index_cmds[1].key?('@timestamp'), '@timestamp should be messing')
+  end
+
+  def test_uses_custom_time_key_format
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      time_key_format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%N%z\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    ts = "2001-02-03T13:14:01.673+02:00"
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge!('@timestamp' => ts))
+    end
+    assert_equal("logstash-2001.02.03", index_cmds[0]['index']['_index'])
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key? '@timestamp')
+    assert_equal(ts, index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+  end
+
+  def test_uses_custom_time_key_format_without_logstash
+    driver.configure("include_timestamp true
+                      index_name test
+                      time_key_format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%N%z\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    ts = "2001-02-03T13:14:01.673+02:00"
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge!('@timestamp' => ts))
+    end
+    assert_equal("test", index_cmds[0]['index']['_index'])
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key? '@timestamp')
+    assert_equal(ts, index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+  end
+
+  data(:default => nil,
+       :custom_tag => 'es_plugin.output.time.error')
+  def test_uses_custom_time_key_format_logs_an_error(tag_for_error)
+    tag_config = tag_for_error ? "time_parse_error_tag #{tag_for_error}" : ''
+    tag_for_error = 'opensearch_plugin.output.time.error' if tag_for_error.nil?
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      time_key_format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%N%z\n#{tag_config}\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+
+    ts = "2001/02/03 13:14:01,673+02:00"
+    index = "logstash-#{Time.now.getutc.strftime("%Y.%m.%d")}"
+
+    flexmock(driver.instance.router).should_receive(:emit_error_event)
+      .with(tag_for_error, Fluent::EventTime, Hash, ArgumentError).once
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge!('@timestamp' => ts))
+    end
+
+    assert_equal(index, index_cmds[0]['index']['_index'])
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key? '@timestamp')
+    assert_equal(ts, index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+  end
+
+
+  def test_uses_custom_time_key_format_obscure_format
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      time_key_format %a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Z %Y\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    ts = "Thu Nov 29 14:33:20 GMT 2001"
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge!('@timestamp' => ts))
+    end
+    assert_equal("logstash-2001.11.29", index_cmds[0]['index']['_index'])
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key? '@timestamp')
+    assert_equal(ts, index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+  end
+
+  def test_uses_nanosecond_precision_by_default
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    time = Fluent::EventTime.new(Time.now.to_i, 123456789)
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(time, sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key? '@timestamp')
+    assert_equal(Time.at(time).iso8601(9), index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+  end
+
+  def test_uses_subsecond_precision_when_configured
+    driver.configure("logstash_format true
+                      time_precision 3\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    time = Fluent::EventTime.new(Time.now.to_i, 123456789)
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(time, sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key? '@timestamp')
+    assert_equal(Time.at(time).iso8601(3), index_cmds[1]['@timestamp'])
+  end
+
+  def test_doesnt_add_tag_key_by_default
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_nil(index_cmds[1]['tag'])
+  end
+
+  def test_adds_tag_key_when_configured
+    driver.configure("include_tag_key true\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'mytag') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key?('tag'))
+    assert_equal('mytag', index_cmds[1]['tag'])
+  end
+
+  def test_adds_id_key_when_configured
+    driver.configure("id_key request_id\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_equal('42', index_cmds[0]['index']['_id'])
+  end
+
+  class NestedIdKeyTest < self
+    def test_adds_nested_id_key_with_dot
+      driver.configure("id_key nested.request_id\n")
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(nested_sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal('42', index_cmds[0]['index']['_id'])
+    end
+
+    def test_adds_nested_id_key_with_dollar_dot
+      driver.configure("id_key $.nested.request_id\n")
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(nested_sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal('42', index_cmds[0]['index']['_id'])
+    end
+
+    def test_adds_nested_id_key_with_bracket
+      driver.configure("id_key $['nested']['request_id']\n")
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(nested_sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal('42', index_cmds[0]['index']['_id'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_doesnt_add_id_key_if_missing_when_configured
+    driver.configure("id_key another_request_id\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(!index_cmds[0]['index'].has_key?('_id'))
+  end
+
+  def test_adds_id_key_when_not_configured
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(!index_cmds[0]['index'].has_key?('_id'))
+  end
+
+  def test_adds_parent_key_when_configured
+    driver.configure("parent_key parent_id\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_equal('parent', index_cmds[0]['index']['_parent'])
+  end
+
+  class NestedParentKeyTest < self
+    def test_adds_nested_parent_key_with_dot
+      driver.configure("parent_key nested.parent_id\n")
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(nested_sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal('parent', index_cmds[0]['index']['_parent'])
+    end
+
+    def test_adds_nested_parent_key_with_dollar_dot
+      driver.configure("parent_key $.nested.parent_id\n")
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(nested_sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal('parent', index_cmds[0]['index']['_parent'])
+    end
+
+    def test_adds_nested_parent_key_with_bracket
+      driver.configure("parent_key $['nested']['parent_id']\n")
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(nested_sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal('parent', index_cmds[0]['index']['_parent'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_doesnt_add_parent_key_if_missing_when_configured
+    driver.configure("parent_key another_parent_id\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(!index_cmds[0]['index'].has_key?('_parent'))
+  end
+
+  def test_adds_parent_key_when_not_configured
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(!index_cmds[0]['index'].has_key?('_parent'))
+  end
+
+  class AddsRoutingKeyWhenConfiguredTest < self
+    def test_os1
+      driver("routing_key routing_id\n", 1)
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal('routing', index_cmds[0]['index']['routing'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  class NestedRoutingKeyTest < self
+    def test_adds_nested_routing_key_with_dot
+      driver.configure("routing_key nested.routing_id\n")
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(nested_sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal('routing', index_cmds[0]['index']['routing'])
+    end
+
+    def test_adds_nested_routing_key_with_dollar_dot
+      driver.configure("routing_key $.nested.routing_id\n")
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(nested_sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal('routing', index_cmds[0]['index']['routing'])
+    end
+
+    def test_adds_nested_routing_key_with_bracket
+      driver.configure("routing_key $['nested']['routing_id']\n")
+      stub_opensearch
+      stub_opensearch_info
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+        driver.feed(nested_sample_record)
+      end
+      assert_equal('routing', index_cmds[0]['index']['routing'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_doesnt_add_routing_key_if_missing_when_configured
+    driver.configure("routing_key another_routing_id\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(!index_cmds[0]['index'].has_key?('_routing'))
+  end
+
+  def test_adds_routing_key_when_not_configured
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(!index_cmds[0]['index'].has_key?('_routing'))
+  end
+
+  def test_remove_one_key
+    driver.configure("remove_keys key1\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge('key1' => 'v1', 'key2' => 'v2'))
+    end
+    assert(!index_cmds[1].has_key?('key1'))
+    assert(index_cmds[1].has_key?('key2'))
+  end
+
+  def test_remove_multi_keys
+    driver.configure("remove_keys key1, key2\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record.merge('key1' => 'v1', 'key2' => 'v2'))
+    end
+    assert(!index_cmds[1].has_key?('key1'))
+    assert(!index_cmds[1].has_key?('key2'))
+  end
+
+  def test_request_error
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    stub_opensearch_unavailable
+    assert_raise(Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput::RecoverableRequestFailure) {
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test', shutdown: false) do
+        driver.feed(sample_record)
+      end
+    }
+  end
+
+  def test_request_forever
+    omit("retry_forever test is unstable.") if ENV["CI"]
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.configure(Fluent::Config::Element.new(
+               'ROOT', '', {
+                 '@type' => 'opensearch',
+               }, [
+                 Fluent::Config::Element.new('buffer', '', {
+                                               'retry_forever' => true
+                                             }, [])
+               ]
+             ))
+    stub_opensearch_timeout
+    assert_raise(Timeout::Error) {
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test', timeout: 10, force_flush_retry: true) do
+        driver.feed(sample_record)
+      end
+    }
+  end
+
+  def test_connection_failed
+    connection_resets = 0
+
+    stub_request(:post, "http://localhost:9200/_bulk").with do |req|
+      connection_resets += 1
+      raise Faraday::ConnectionFailed, "Test message"
+    end
+    stub_opensearch_info
+
+    assert_raise(Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput::RecoverableRequestFailure) {
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test', shutdown: false) do
+        driver.feed(sample_record)
+      end
+    }
+    assert_equal(1, connection_resets)
+  end
+
+  def test_reconnect_on_error_enabled
+    connection_resets = 0
+
+    stub_request(:post, "http://localhost:9200/_bulk").with do |req|
+      connection_resets += 1
+      raise ZeroDivisionError, "any not host_unreachable_exceptions exception"
+    end
+    stub_opensearch_info
+
+    driver.configure("reconnect_on_error true\n")
+
+    assert_raise(Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput::RecoverableRequestFailure) {
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test', shutdown: false) do
+        driver.feed(sample_record)
+      end
+    }
+
+    assert_raise(Timeout::Error) {
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test', shutdown: false) do
+        driver.feed(sample_record)
+      end
+    }
+    # FIXME: Consider keywords arguments in #run and how to test this later.
+    # Because v0.14 test driver does not have 1 to 1 correspondence between #run and #flush in tests.
+    assert_equal(1, connection_resets)
+  end
+
+  def test_reconnect_on_error_disabled
+    connection_resets = 0
+
+    stub_request(:post, "http://localhost:9200/_bulk").with do |req|
+      connection_resets += 1
+      raise ZeroDivisionError, "any not host_unreachable_exceptions exception"
+    end
+    stub_opensearch_info
+
+    driver.configure("reconnect_on_error false\n")
+
+    assert_raise(Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput::RecoverableRequestFailure) {
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test', shutdown: false) do
+        driver.feed(sample_record)
+      end
+    }
+
+    assert_raise(Timeout::Error) {
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test', shutdown: false) do
+        driver.feed(sample_record)
+      end
+    }
+    assert_equal(1, connection_resets)
+  end
+
+  def test_bulk_error_retags_when_configured
+    driver.configure("retry_tag retry\n")
+    stub_request(:post, 'http://localhost:9200/_bulk')
+        .to_return(lambda do |req|
+      { :status => 200,
+        :headers => { 'Content-Type' => 'json' },
+        :body => %({
+          "took" : 1,
+          "errors" : true,
+          "items" : [
+            {
+              "create" : {
+                "_index" : "foo",
+                "_type"  : "bar",
+                "_id" : "abc",
+                "status" : 500,
+                "error" : {
+                  "type" : "some unrecognized type",
+                  "reason":"some error to cause version mismatch"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+           ]
+        })
+     }
+    end)
+    stub_opensearch_info
+
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(1, sample_record)
+    end
+
+    assert_equal [['retry', 1, sample_record]], driver.events
+  end
+
+  class FulfilledBufferRetryStreamTest < self
+    def test_bulk_error_retags_with_error_when_configured_and_fullfilled_buffer
+      def create_driver(conf='', os_version=1, client_version="\"1.0\"")
+        @client_version ||= client_version
+        Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput.module_eval(<<-CODE)
+          def retry_stream_retryable?
+            false
+          end
+        CODE
+        # For request stub to detect compatibility.
+        @os_version ||= os_version
+        @client_version ||= client_version
+        if @os_version
+          Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput.module_eval(<<-CODE)
+          def detect_os_major_version
+            #{@os_version}
+          end
+        CODE
+        end
+        Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput.module_eval(<<-CODE)
+          def client_library_version
+            #{@client_version}
+          end
+        CODE
+        Fluent::Test::Driver::Output.new(Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput).configure(conf)
+      end
+      driver = create_driver("retry_tag retry\n")
+      stub_request(:post, 'http://localhost:9200/_bulk')
+        .to_return(lambda do |req|
+                     { :status => 200,
+                       :headers => { 'Content-Type' => 'json' },
+                       :body => %({
+          "took" : 1,
+          "errors" : true,
+          "items" : [
+            {
+              "create" : {
+                "_index" : "foo",
+                "_type"  : "bar",
+                "_id" : "abc1",
+                "status" : 403,
+                "error" : {
+                  "type" : "cluster_block_exception",
+                  "reason":"index [foo] blocked by: [FORBIDDEN/8/index write (api)]"
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "create" : {
+                "_index" : "foo",
+                "_type"  : "bar",
+                "_id" : "abc2",
+                "status" : 403,
+                "error" : {
+                  "type" : "cluster_block_exception",
+                  "reason":"index [foo] blocked by: [FORBIDDEN/8/index write (api)]"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+           ]
+        })
+                     }
+                   end)
+      stub_opensearch_info
+
+      # Check buffer fulfillment condition
+      assert_raise(Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput::RetryStreamEmitFailure) do
+        driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+          driver.feed(1, sample_record)
+          driver.feed(1, sample_record)
+        end
+      end
+
+      assert_equal [], driver.events
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_create_should_write_records_with_ids_and_skip_those_without
+    driver.configure("write_operation create\nid_key my_id\n@log_level debug")
+    stub_request(:post, 'http://localhost:9200/_bulk')
+        .to_return(lambda do |req|
+      { :status => 200,
+        :headers => { 'Content-Type' => 'json' },
+        :body => %({
+          "took" : 1,
+          "errors" : true,
+          "items" : [
+            {
+              "create" : {
+                "_index" : "foo",
+                "_type"  : "bar",
+                "_id" : "abc"
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "create" : {
+                "_index" : "foo",
+                "_type"  : "bar",
+                "_id" : "xyz",
+                "status" : 500,
+                "error" : {
+                  "type" : "some unrecognized type",
+                  "reason":"some error to cause version mismatch"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+           ]
+        })
+     }
+    end)
+    stub_opensearch_info
+
+    sample_record1 = sample_record('my_id' => 'abc')
+    sample_record4 = sample_record('my_id' => 'xyz')
+
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(1, sample_record1)
+      driver.feed(2, sample_record)
+      driver.feed(3, sample_record)
+      driver.feed(4, sample_record4)
+    end
+
+    logs = driver.logs
+    # one record succeeded while the other should be 'retried'
+    assert_equal [['test', 4, sample_record4]], driver.events
+    assert_logs_include(logs, /(Dropping record)/, 2)
+  end
+
+  def test_create_should_write_records_with_ids_and_emit_those_without
+    driver.configure("write_operation create\nid_key my_id\nemit_error_for_missing_id true\n@log_level debug")
+    stub_request(:post, 'http://localhost:9200/_bulk')
+        .to_return(lambda do |req|
+      { :status => 200,
+        :headers => { 'Content-Type' => 'json' },
+        :body => %({
+          "took" : 1,
+          "errors" : true,
+          "items" : [
+            {
+              "create" : {
+                "_index" : "foo",
+                "_type"  : "bar",
+                "_id" : "abc"
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "create" : {
+                "_index" : "foo",
+                "_type"  : "bar",
+                "_id" : "xyz",
+                "status" : 500,
+                "error" : {
+                  "type" : "some unrecognized type",
+                  "reason":"some error to cause version mismatch"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+           ]
+        })
+     }
+    end)
+    stub_opensearch_info
+
+    sample_record1 = sample_record('my_id' => 'abc')
+    sample_record4 = sample_record('my_id' => 'xyz')
+
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(1, sample_record1)
+      driver.feed(2, sample_record)
+      driver.feed(3, sample_record)
+      driver.feed(4, sample_record4)
+    end
+
+    error_log = driver.error_events.map {|e| e.last.message }
+    # one record succeeded while the other should be 'retried'
+    assert_equal [['test', 4, sample_record4]], driver.events
+    assert_logs_include(error_log, /(Missing '_id' field)/, 2)
+  end
+
+  def test_bulk_error
+    stub_request(:post, 'http://localhost:9200/_bulk')
+        .to_return(lambda do |req|
+      { :status => 200,
+        :headers => { 'Content-Type' => 'json' },
+        :body => %({
+          "took" : 1,
+          "errors" : true,
+          "items" : [
+            {
+              "create" : {
+                "_index" : "foo",
+                "_type"  : "bar",
+                "_id" : "abc",
+                "status" : 500,
+                "error" : {
+                  "type" : "some unrecognized type",
+                  "reason":"some error to cause version mismatch"
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "create" : {
+                "_index" : "foo",
+                "_type"  : "bar",
+                "_id" : "abc",
+                "status" : 201
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "create" : {
+                "_index" : "foo",
+                "_type"  : "bar",
+                "_id" : "abc",
+                "status" : 500,
+                "error" : {
+                  "type" : "some unrecognized type",
+                  "reason":"some error to cause version mismatch"
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "create" : {
+                "_index" : "foo",
+                "_type"  : "bar",
+                "_id" : "abc",
+                "_id" : "abc",
+                "status" : 409
+              }
+            }
+           ]
+        })
+     }
+    end)
+    stub_opensearch_info
+
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(1, sample_record)
+      driver.feed(2, sample_record)
+      driver.feed(3, sample_record)
+      driver.feed(4, sample_record)
+    end
+
+    expect = [['test', 1, sample_record],
+              ['test', 3, sample_record]]
+    assert_equal expect, driver.events
+  end
+
+  def test_update_should_not_write_if_theres_no_id
+    driver.configure("write_operation update\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_nil(index_cmds)
+  end
+
+  def test_upsert_should_not_write_if_theres_no_id
+    driver.configure("write_operation upsert\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_nil(index_cmds)
+  end
+
+  def test_create_should_not_write_if_theres_no_id
+    driver.configure("write_operation create\n")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert_nil(index_cmds)
+  end
+
+  def test_update_should_write_update_op_and_doc_as_upsert_is_false
+    driver.configure("write_operation update
+                      id_key request_id")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[0].has_key?("update"))
+    assert(!index_cmds[1]["doc_as_upsert"])
+    assert(!index_cmds[1]["upsert"])
+  end
+
+  def test_update_should_remove_keys_from_doc_when_keys_are_skipped
+    driver.configure("write_operation update
+                      id_key request_id
+                      remove_keys_on_update parent_id")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[1]["doc"])
+    assert(!index_cmds[1]["doc"]["parent_id"])
+  end
+
+  def test_upsert_should_write_update_op_and_doc_as_upsert_is_true
+    driver.configure("write_operation upsert
+                      id_key request_id")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[0].has_key?("update"))
+    assert(index_cmds[1]["doc_as_upsert"])
+    assert(!index_cmds[1]["upsert"])
+  end
+
+  def test_upsert_should_write_update_op_upsert_and_doc_when_keys_are_skipped
+    driver.configure("write_operation upsert
+                      id_key request_id
+                      remove_keys_on_update parent_id")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[0].has_key?("update"))
+    assert(!index_cmds[1]["doc_as_upsert"])
+    assert(index_cmds[1]["upsert"])
+    assert(index_cmds[1]["doc"])
+  end
+
+  def test_upsert_should_remove_keys_from_doc_when_keys_are_skipped
+    driver.configure("write_operation upsert
+                      id_key request_id
+                      remove_keys_on_update parent_id")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[1]["upsert"] != index_cmds[1]["doc"])
+    assert(!index_cmds[1]["doc"]["parent_id"])
+    assert(index_cmds[1]["upsert"]["parent_id"])
+  end
+
+  def test_upsert_should_remove_multiple_keys_when_keys_are_skipped
+    driver.configure("write_operation upsert
+                      id_key id
+                      remove_keys_on_update foo,baz")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed("id" => 1, "foo" => "bar", "baz" => "quix", "zip" => "zam")
+    end
+    assert(
+      index_cmds[1]["doc"] == {
+        "id" => 1,
+        "zip" => "zam",
+      }
+    )
+    assert(
+      index_cmds[1]["upsert"] == {
+        "id" => 1,
+        "foo" => "bar",
+        "baz" => "quix",
+        "zip" => "zam",
+      }
+    )
+  end
+
+  def test_upsert_should_remove_keys_from_when_the_keys_are_in_the_record
+    driver.configure("write_operation upsert
+                      id_key id
+                      remove_keys_on_update_key keys_to_skip")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed("id" => 1, "foo" => "bar", "baz" => "quix", "keys_to_skip" => ["baz"])
+    end
+    assert(
+      index_cmds[1]["doc"] == {
+        "id" => 1,
+        "foo" => "bar",
+      }
+    )
+    assert(
+      index_cmds[1]["upsert"] == {
+        "id" => 1,
+        "foo" => "bar",
+        "baz" => "quix",
+      }
+    )
+  end
+
+  def test_upsert_should_remove_keys_from_key_on_record_has_higher_presedence_than_config
+    driver.configure("write_operation upsert
+                      id_key id
+                      remove_keys_on_update foo,bar
+                      remove_keys_on_update_key keys_to_skip")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed("id" => 1, "foo" => "bar", "baz" => "quix", "keys_to_skip" => ["baz"])
+    end
+    assert(
+      index_cmds[1]["doc"] == {
+        "id" => 1,
+        # we only expect baz to be stripped here, if the config was more important
+        # foo would be stripped too.
+        "foo" => "bar",
+      }
+    )
+    assert(
+      index_cmds[1]["upsert"] == {
+        "id" => 1,
+        "foo" => "bar",
+        "baz" => "quix",
+      }
+    )
+  end
+
+  def test_create_should_write_create_op
+    driver.configure("write_operation create
+                      id_key request_id")
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    assert(index_cmds[0].has_key?("create"))
+  end
+
+  def test_include_index_in_url
+    stub_opensearch('http://localhost:9200/logstash-2018.01.01/_bulk')
+    stub_opensearch_info('http://localhost:9200/')
+
+    driver.configure("index_name logstash-2018.01.01
+                      include_index_in_url true")
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+
+    assert_equal(2, index_cmds.length)
+    assert_equal(nil, index_cmds.first['index']['_index'])
+  end
+
+  def test_use_simple_sniffer
+    require 'fluent/plugin/opensearch_simple_sniffer'
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    config = %[
+      sniffer_class_name Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchSimpleSniffer
+      log_level debug
+      with_transporter_log true
+      reload_connections true
+      reload_after 1
+    ]
+    driver(config, nil)
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+    log = driver.logs
+    # 2 or 3 - one for the ping, one for the _bulk, (and client.info)
+    assert_logs_include_compare_size(3, ">", log, /In Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchSimpleSniffer hosts/)
+    assert_logs_include_compare_size(1, "<=", log, /In Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchSimpleSniffer hosts/)
+  end
+
+  def test_suppress_doc_wrap
+    driver.configure('write_operation update
+                      id_key id
+                      remove_keys id
+                      suppress_doc_wrap true')
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    doc_body = {'field' => 'value'}
+    script_body = {'source' => 'ctx._source.counter += params.param1',
+                   'lang' => 'painless',
+                   'params' => {'param1' => 1}}
+    upsert_body = {'counter' => 1}
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed('id' => 1, 'doc' => doc_body)
+      driver.feed('id' => 2, 'script' => script_body, 'upsert' => upsert_body)
+    end
+    assert(
+      index_cmds[1] == {'doc' => doc_body}
+    )
+    assert(
+      index_cmds[3] == {
+        'script' => script_body,
+        'upsert' => upsert_body
+      }
+    )
+  end
+
+  def test_suppress_doc_wrap_should_handle_record_as_is_at_upsert
+    driver.configure('write_operation upsert
+                      id_key id
+                      remove_keys id
+                      suppress_doc_wrap true')
+    stub_opensearch
+    stub_opensearch_info
+    doc_body = {'field' => 'value'}
+    script_body = {'source' => 'ctx._source.counter += params.param1',
+                   'lang' => 'painless',
+                   'params' => {'param1' => 1}}
+    upsert_body = {'counter' => 1}
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed('id' => 1, 'doc' => doc_body, 'doc_as_upsert' => true)
+      driver.feed('id' => 2, 'script' => script_body, 'upsert' => upsert_body)
+    end
+    assert(
+      index_cmds[1] == {
+        'doc' => doc_body,
+        'doc_as_upsert' => true
+      }
+    )
+    assert(
+      index_cmds[3] == {
+        'script' => script_body,
+        'upsert' => upsert_body
+      }
+    )
+  end
+
+  def test_ignore_exception
+    driver.configure('ignore_exceptions ["OpenSearch::Transport::Transport::Errors::ServiceUnavailable"]')
+    stub_opensearch_unavailable
+    stub_opensearch_info
+
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_ignore_exception_with_superclass
+    driver.configure('ignore_exceptions ["OpenSearch::Transport::Transport::ServerError"]')
+    stub_opensearch_unavailable
+    stub_opensearch_info
+
+    driver.run(default_tag: 'test') do
+      driver.feed(sample_record)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_ignore_excetion_handles_appropriate_ones
+    driver.configure('ignore_exceptions ["Faraday::ConnectionFailed"]')
+    stub_opensearch_unavailable
+    stub_opensearch_info
+
+    assert_raise(Fluent::Plugin::OpenSearchOutput::RecoverableRequestFailure) {
+      driver.run(default_tag: 'test', shutdown: false) do
+        driver.feed(sample_record)
+      end
+    }
+  end
+end