first-class-postcodes 0.0.1

data/lib/first-class-postcodes/api_client.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+require 'date'
+require 'json'
+require 'logger'
+require 'tempfile'
+require 'typhoeus'
+
+module FCP
+  class ApiClient
+    # The Configuration object holding settings to be used in the API client.
+    attr_accessor :config
+
+    # Defines the headers to be used in HTTP requests of all API calls by default.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash]
+    attr_accessor :default_headers
+
+    # Initializes the ApiClient
+    # @option config [Configuration] Configuration for initializing the object, default to Configuration.default
+    def initialize(config = Configuration.default)
+      @config = config
+      @user_agent = "FCP/ruby"
+      @default_headers = {
+        'Content-Type' => 'application/json',
+        'User-Agent' => @user_agent
+      }
+    end
+
+    def self.default
+      @@default ||= ApiClient.new
+    end
+
+    # Call an API with given options.
+    #
+    # @return [Array<(Object, Integer, Hash)>] an array of 3 elements:
+    #   the data deserialized from response body (could be nil), response status code and response headers.
+    def call_api(http_method, path, opts = {})
+      request = build_request(http_method, path, opts)
+      response = request.run
+
+      if @config.debugging
+        @config.logger.debug "HTTP response body ~BEGIN~\n#{response.body}\n~END~\n"
+      end
+
+      unless response.success?
+        if response.timed_out?
+          fail ApiError.new('Connection timed out')
+        elsif response.code == 0
+          # Errors from libcurl will be made visible here
+          fail ApiError.new(:code => 0,
+                            :message => response.return_message)
+        else
+          fail ApiError.new(:code => response.code,
+                            :response_headers => response.headers,
+                            :response_body => response.body),
+               response.status_message
+        end
+      end
+
+      if opts[:return_type]
+        data = deserialize(response, opts[:return_type])
+      else
+        data = nil
+      end
+      return data, response.code, response.headers
+    end
+
+    # Builds the HTTP request
+    #
+    # @param [String] http_method HTTP method/verb (e.g. POST)
+    # @param [String] path URL path (e.g. /account/new)
+    # @option opts [Hash] :header_params Header parameters
+    # @option opts [Hash] :query_params Query parameters
+    # @option opts [Hash] :form_params Query parameters
+    # @option opts [Object] :body HTTP body (JSON/XML)
+    # @return [Typhoeus::Request] A Typhoeus Request
+    def build_request(http_method, path, opts = {})
+      url = build_request_url(path)
+      http_method = http_method.to_sym.downcase
+
+      header_params = @default_headers.merge(opts[:header_params] || {})
+      query_params = opts[:query_params] || {}
+      form_params = opts[:form_params] || {}
+
+      update_params_for_auth! header_params, query_params, opts[:auth_names]
+
+      # set ssl_verifyhosts option based on @config.verify_ssl_host (true/false)
+      _verify_ssl_host = @config.verify_ssl_host ? 2 : 0
+
+      req_opts = {
+        :method => http_method,
+        :headers => header_params,
+        :params => query_params,
+        :params_encoding => @config.params_encoding,
+        :timeout => @config.timeout,
+        :ssl_verifypeer => @config.verify_ssl,
+        :ssl_verifyhost => _verify_ssl_host,
+        :sslcert => @config.cert_file,
+        :sslkey => @config.key_file,
+        :verbose => @config.debugging
+      }
+
+      # set custom cert, if provided
+      req_opts[:cainfo] = @config.ssl_ca_cert if @config.ssl_ca_cert
+
+      if [:post, :patch, :put, :delete].include?(http_method)
+        req_body = build_request_body(header_params, form_params, opts[:body])
+        req_opts.update :body => req_body
+        if @config.debugging
+          @config.logger.debug "HTTP request body param ~BEGIN~\n#{req_body}\n~END~\n"
+        end
+      end
+
+      request = Typhoeus::Request.new(url, req_opts)
+      download_file(request) if opts[:return_type] == 'File'
+      request
+    end
+
+    # Check if the given MIME is a JSON MIME.
+    # JSON MIME examples:
+    #   application/json
+    #   application/json; charset=UTF8
+    #   APPLICATION/JSON
+    #   */*
+    # @param [String] mime MIME
+    # @return [Boolean] True if the MIME is application/json
+    def json_mime?(mime)
+      (mime == '*/*') || !(mime =~ /Application\/.*json(?!p)(;.*)?/i).nil?
+    end
+
+    # Deserialize the response to the given return type.
+    #
+    # @param [Response] response HTTP response
+    # @param [String] return_type some examples: "User", "Array<User>", "Hash<String, Integer>"
+    def deserialize(response, return_type)
+      body = response.body
+
+      # handle file downloading - return the File instance processed in request callbacks
+      # note that response body is empty when the file is written in chunks in request on_body callback
+      return @tempfile if return_type == 'File'
+
+      return nil if body.nil? || body.empty?
+
+      # return response body directly for String return type
+      return body if return_type == 'String'
+
+      # ensuring a default content type
+      content_type = response.headers['Content-Type'] || 'application/json'
+
+      fail "Content-Type is not supported: #{content_type}" unless json_mime?(content_type)
+
+      begin
+        data = JSON.parse("[#{body}]", :symbolize_names => true)[0]
+      rescue JSON::ParserError => e
+        if %w(String Date DateTime).include?(return_type)
+          data = body
+        else
+          raise e
+        end
+      end
+
+      convert_to_type data, return_type
+    end
+
+    # Convert data to the given return type.
+    # @param [Object] data Data to be converted
+    # @param [String] return_type Return type
+    # @return [Mixed] Data in a particular type
+    def convert_to_type(data, return_type)
+      return nil if data.nil?
+      case return_type
+      when 'String'
+        data.to_s
+      when 'Integer'
+        data.to_i
+      when 'Float'
+        data.to_f
+      when 'Boolean'
+        data == true
+      when 'DateTime'
+        # parse date time (expecting ISO 8601 format)
+        DateTime.parse data
+      when 'Date'
+        # parse date time (expecting ISO 8601 format)
+        Date.parse data
+      when 'Object'
+        # generic object (usually a Hash), return directly
+        data
+      when /\AArray<(.+)>\z/
+        # e.g. Array<Pet>
+        sub_type = $1
+        data.map { |item| convert_to_type(item, sub_type) }
+      when /\AHash\<String, (.+)\>\z/
+        # e.g. Hash<String, Integer>
+        sub_type = $1
+        {}.tap do |hash|
+          data.each { |k, v| hash[k] = convert_to_type(v, sub_type) }
+        end
+      else
+        # models, e.g. Pet
+        FCP.const_get(return_type).build_from_hash(data)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Save response body into a file in (the defined) temporary folder, using the filename
+    # from the "Content-Disposition" header if provided, otherwise a random filename.
+    # The response body is written to the file in chunks in order to handle files which
+    # size is larger than maximum Ruby String or even larger than the maximum memory a Ruby
+    # process can use.
+    #
+    # @see Configuration#temp_folder_path
+    def download_file(request)
+      tempfile = nil
+      encoding = nil
+      request.on_headers do |response|
+        content_disposition = response.headers['Content-Disposition']
+        if content_disposition && content_disposition =~ /filename=/i
+          filename = content_disposition[/filename=['"]?([^'"\s]+)['"]?/, 1]
+          prefix = sanitize_filename(filename)
+        else
+          prefix = 'download-'
+        end
+        prefix = prefix + '-' unless prefix.end_with?('-')
+        encoding = response.body.encoding
+        tempfile = Tempfile.open(prefix, @config.temp_folder_path, encoding: encoding)
+        @tempfile = tempfile
+      end
+      request.on_body do |chunk|
+        chunk.force_encoding(encoding)
+        tempfile.write(chunk)
+      end
+      request.on_complete do |response|
+        tempfile.close if tempfile
+        @config.logger.info "Temp file written to #{tempfile.path}, please copy the file to a proper folder "\
+                            "with e.g. `FileUtils.cp(tempfile.path, '/new/file/path')` otherwise the temp file "\
+                            "will be deleted automatically with GC. It's also recommended to delete the temp file "\
+                            "explicitly with `tempfile.delete`"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Sanitize filename by removing path.
+    # e.g. ../../sun.gif becomes sun.gif
+    #
+    # @param [String] filename the filename to be sanitized
+    # @return [String] the sanitized filename
+    def sanitize_filename(filename)
+      filename.gsub(/.*[\/\\]/, '')
+    end
+
+    def build_request_url(path)
+      # Add leading and trailing slashes to path
+      path = "/#{path}".gsub(/\/+/, '/')
+      @config.base_url + path
+    end
+
+    # Builds the HTTP request body
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] header_params Header parameters
+    # @param [Hash] form_params Query parameters
+    # @param [Object] body HTTP body (JSON/XML)
+    # @return [String] HTTP body data in the form of string
+    def build_request_body(header_params, form_params, body)
+      # http form
+      if header_params['Content-Type'] == 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' ||
+          header_params['Content-Type'] == 'multipart/form-data'
+        data = {}
+        form_params.each do |key, value|
+          case value
+          when ::File, ::Array, nil
+            # let typhoeus handle File, Array and nil parameters
+            data[key] = value
+          else
+            data[key] = value.to_s
+          end
+        end
+      elsif body
+        data = body.is_a?(String) ? body : body.to_json
+      else
+        data = nil
+      end
+      data
+    end
+
+    # Update hearder and query params based on authentication settings.
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] header_params Header parameters
+    # @param [Hash] query_params Query parameters
+    # @param [String] auth_names Authentication scheme name
+    def update_params_for_auth!(header_params, query_params, auth_names)
+      Array(auth_names).each do |auth_name|
+        auth_setting = @config.auth_settings[auth_name]
+        next unless auth_setting
+        case auth_setting[:in]
+        when 'header' then header_params[auth_setting[:key]] = auth_setting[:value]
+        when 'query'  then query_params[auth_setting[:key]] = auth_setting[:value]
+        else fail ArgumentError, 'Authentication token must be in `query` of `header`'
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Sets user agent in HTTP header
+    #
+    # @param [String] user_agent User agent (e.g. openapi-generator/ruby/1.0.0)
+    def user_agent=(user_agent)
+      @user_agent = user_agent
+      @default_headers['User-Agent'] = @user_agent
+    end
+
+    # Return Accept header based on an array of accepts provided.
+    # @param [Array] accepts array for Accept
+    # @return [String] the Accept header (e.g. application/json)
+    def select_header_accept(accepts)
+      return nil if accepts.nil? || accepts.empty?
+      # use JSON when present, otherwise use all of the provided
+      json_accept = accepts.find { |s| json_mime?(s) }
+      json_accept || accepts.join(',')
+    end
+
+    # Return Content-Type header based on an array of content types provided.
+    # @param [Array] content_types array for Content-Type
+    # @return [String] the Content-Type header  (e.g. application/json)
+    def select_header_content_type(content_types)
+      # use application/json by default
+      return 'application/json' if content_types.nil? || content_types.empty?
+      # use JSON when present, otherwise use the first one
+      json_content_type = content_types.find { |s| json_mime?(s) }
+      json_content_type || content_types.first
+    end
+
+    # Convert object (array, hash, object, etc) to JSON string.
+    # @param [Object] model object to be converted into JSON string
+    # @return [String] JSON string representation of the object
+    def object_to_http_body(model)
+      return model if model.nil? || model.is_a?(String)
+      local_body = nil
+      if model.is_a?(Array)
+        local_body = model.map { |m| object_to_hash(m) }
+      else
+        local_body = object_to_hash(model)
+      end
+      local_body.to_json
+    end
+
+    # Convert object(non-array) to hash.
+    # @param [Object] obj object to be converted into JSON string
+    # @return [String] JSON string representation of the object
+    def object_to_hash(obj)
+      if obj.respond_to?(:to_hash)
+        obj.to_hash
+      else
+        obj
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Build parameter value according to the given collection format.
+    # @param [String] collection_format one of :csv, :ssv, :tsv, :pipes and :multi
+    def build_collection_param(param, collection_format)
+      case collection_format
+      when :csv
+        param.join(',')
+      when :ssv
+        param.join(' ')
+      when :tsv
+        param.join("\t")
+      when :pipes
+        param.join('|')
+      when :multi
+        # return the array directly as typhoeus will handle it as expected
+        param
+      else
+        fail "unknown collection format: #{collection_format.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/first-class-postcodes/api_error.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+module FCP
+  class ApiError < StandardError
+    attr_reader :code, :response_headers, :response_body
+
+    # Usage examples:
+    #   ApiError.new
+    #   ApiError.new("message")
+    #   ApiError.new(:code => 500, :response_headers => {}, :response_body => "")
+    #   ApiError.new(:code => 404, :message => "Not Found")
+    def initialize(arg = nil)
+      if arg.is_a? Hash
+        if arg.key?(:message) || arg.key?('message')
+          super(arg[:message] || arg['message'])
+        else
+          super arg
+        end
+
+        arg.each do |k, v|
+          instance_variable_set "@#{k}", v
+        end
+      else
+        super arg
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Override to_s to display a friendly error message
+    def to_s
+      message
+    end
+
+    def message
+      if @message.nil?
+        msg = "Error message: the server returns an error"
+      else
+        msg = @message
+      end
+
+      msg += "\nHTTP status code: #{code}" if code
+      msg += "\nResponse headers: #{response_headers}" if response_headers
+      msg += "\nResponse body: #{response_body}" if response_body
+
+      msg
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/first-class-postcodes/configuration.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+module FCP
+  class Configuration
+    # Defines url scheme
+    attr_accessor :scheme
+
+    # Defines url host
+    attr_accessor :host
+
+    # Defines url base path
+    attr_accessor :base_path
+
+    # Defines API keys used with API Key authentications.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash] key: parameter name, value: parameter value (API key)
+    #
+    # @example parameter name is "api_key", API key is "xxx" (e.g. "api_key=xxx" in query string)
+    #   config.api_key['api_key'] = 'xxx'
+    attr_accessor :api_key
+
+    # Defines API key prefixes used with API Key authentications.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash] key: parameter name, value: API key prefix
+    #
+    # @example parameter name is "Authorization", API key prefix is "Token" (e.g. "Authorization: Token xxx" in headers)
+    #   config.api_key_prefix['api_key'] = 'Token'
+    attr_accessor :api_key_prefix
+
+    # Defines the username used with HTTP basic authentication.
+    #
+    # @return [String]
+    attr_accessor :username
+
+    # Defines the password used with HTTP basic authentication.
+    #
+    # @return [String]
+    attr_accessor :password
+
+    # Defines the access token (Bearer) used with OAuth2.
+    attr_accessor :access_token
+
+    # Set this to enable/disable debugging. When enabled (set to true), HTTP request/response
+    # details will be logged with `logger.debug` (see the `logger` attribute).
+    # Default to false.
+    #
+    # @return [true, false]
+    attr_accessor :debugging
+
+    # Defines the logger used for debugging.
+    # Default to `Rails.logger` (when in Rails) or logging to STDOUT.
+    #
+    # @return [#debug]
+    attr_accessor :logger
+
+    # Defines the temporary folder to store downloaded files
+    # (for API endpoints that have file response).
+    # Default to use `Tempfile`.
+    #
+    # @return [String]
+    attr_accessor :temp_folder_path
+
+    # The time limit for HTTP request in seconds.
+    # Default to 0 (never times out).
+    attr_accessor :timeout
+
+    # Set this to false to skip client side validation in the operation.
+    # Default to true.
+    # @return [true, false]
+    attr_accessor :client_side_validation
+
+    ### TLS/SSL setting
+    # Set this to false to skip verifying SSL certificate when calling API from https server.
+    # Default to true.
+    #
+    # @note Do NOT set it to false in production code, otherwise you would face multiple types of cryptographic attacks.
+    #
+    # @return [true, false]
+    attr_accessor :verify_ssl
+
+    ### TLS/SSL setting
+    # Set this to false to skip verifying SSL host name
+    # Default to true.
+    #
+    # @note Do NOT set it to false in production code, otherwise you would face multiple types of cryptographic attacks.
+    #
+    # @return [true, false]
+    attr_accessor :verify_ssl_host
+
+    ### TLS/SSL setting
+    # Set this to customize the certificate file to verify the peer.
+    #
+    # @return [String] the path to the certificate file
+    #
+    # @see The `cainfo` option of Typhoeus, `--cert` option of libcurl. Related source code:
+    # https://github.com/typhoeus/typhoeus/blob/master/lib/typhoeus/easy_factory.rb#L145
+    attr_accessor :ssl_ca_cert
+
+    ### TLS/SSL setting
+    # Client certificate file (for client certificate)
+    attr_accessor :cert_file
+
+    ### TLS/SSL setting
+    # Client private key file (for client certificate)
+    attr_accessor :key_file
+
+    # Set this to customize parameters encoding of array parameter with multi collectionFormat.
+    # Default to nil.
+    #
+    # @see The params_encoding option of Ethon. Related source code:
+    # https://github.com/typhoeus/ethon/blob/master/lib/ethon/easy/queryable.rb#L96
+    attr_accessor :params_encoding
+
+    attr_accessor :inject_format
+
+    attr_accessor :force_ending_format
+
+    def initialize
+      @scheme = 'https'
+      @host = 'api.firstclasspostcodes.com'
+      @base_path = '/data'
+      @api_key = {}
+      @api_key_prefix = {}
+      @timeout = 0
+      @client_side_validation = true
+      @verify_ssl = true
+      @verify_ssl_host = true
+      @params_encoding = nil
+      @cert_file = nil
+      @key_file = nil
+      @debugging = false
+      @inject_format = false
+      @force_ending_format = false
+      @logger = defined?(Rails) ? Rails.logger : Logger.new(STDOUT)
+
+      yield(self) if block_given?
+    end
+
+    # The default Configuration object.
+    def self.default
+      @@default ||= Configuration.new
+    end
+
+    def configure
+      yield(self) if block_given?
+    end
+
+    def scheme=(scheme)
+      # remove :// from scheme
+      @scheme = scheme.sub(/:\/\//, '')
+    end
+
+    def host=(host)
+      # remove http(s):// and anything after a slash
+      @host = host.sub(/https?:\/\//, '').split('/').first
+    end
+
+    def base_path=(base_path)
+      # Add leading and trailing slashes to base_path
+      @base_path = "/#{base_path}".gsub(/\/+/, '/')
+      @base_path = '' if @base_path == '/'
+    end
+
+    def base_url
+      "#{scheme}://#{[host, base_path].join('/').gsub(/\/+/, '/')}".sub(/\/+\z/, '')
+    end
+
+    # Gets API key (with prefix if set).
+    # @param [String] param_name the parameter name of API key auth
+    def api_key_with_prefix(param_name)
+      if @api_key_prefix[param_name]
+        "#{@api_key_prefix[param_name]} #{@api_key[param_name]}"
+      else
+        @api_key[param_name]
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Gets Basic Auth token string
+    def basic_auth_token
+      'Basic ' + ["#{username}:#{password}"].pack('m').delete("\r\n")
+    end
+
+    # Returns Auth Settings hash for api client.
+    def auth_settings
+      {
+        'Authorizer' =>
+          {
+            type: 'api_key',
+            in: 'header',
+            key: 'X-Api-Key',
+            value: api_key_with_prefix('X-Api-Key')
+          },
+      }
+    end
+
+    # Returns an array of Server setting
+    def server_settings
+      [
+        {
+          url: "https://api.firstclasspostcodes.com/data",
+          description: "No descriptoin provided",
+        }
+      ]
+    end
+
+    # Returns URL based on server settings
+    #
+    # @param index array index of the server settings
+    # @param variables hash of variable and the corresponding value
+    def server_url(index, variables = {})
+      servers = server_settings
+
+      # check array index out of bound
+      if (index < 0 || index >= servers.size)
+        fail ArgumentError, "Invalid index #{index} when selecting the server. Must be less than #{servers.size}"
+      end
+
+      server = servers[index]
+      url = server[:url]
+
+      # go through variable and assign a value
+      server[:variables].each do |name, variable|
+        if variables.key?(name)
+          if (server[:variables][name][:enum_values].include? variables[name])
+            url.gsub! "{" + name.to_s + "}", variables[name]
+          else
+            fail ArgumentError, "The variable `#{name}` in the server URL has invalid value #{variables[name]}. Must be #{server[:variables][name][:enum_values]}."
+          end
+        else
+          # use default value
+          url.gsub! "{" + name.to_s + "}", server[:variables][name][:default_value]
+        end
+      end
+
+      url
+    end
+  end
+end