fire_and_forget 0.2.0 → 0.3.0

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@@ -1,340 +0,0 @@
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- GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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- Version 2, June 1991
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-
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- Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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- 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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- GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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- NO WARRANTY
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- END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
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- How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
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-
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- GNU General Public License for more details.
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-
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- Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
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-
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- Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
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- `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
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-
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- <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
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- Ty Coon, President of Vice
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-
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- This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
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- proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
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- consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
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- library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
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- Public License instead of this License.
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- == Description
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-
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- This is a implementation of the JSON specification according to RFC 4627
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- http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt . Starting from version 1.0.0 on there
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- will be two variants available:
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-
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- * A pure ruby variant, that relies on the iconv and the stringscan
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- extensions, which are both part of the ruby standard library.
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- * The quite a bit faster C extension variant, which is in parts implemented
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- in C and comes with its own unicode conversion functions and a parser
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- generated by the ragel state machine compiler
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- http://www.cs.queensu.ca/~thurston/ragel .
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-
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- Both variants of the JSON generator generate UTF-8 character sequences by
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- default. If an :ascii_only option with a true value is given, they escape all
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- non-ASCII and control characters with \uXXXX escape sequences, and support
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- UTF-16 surrogate pairs in order to be able to generate the whole range of
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- unicode code points.
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-
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- All strings, that are to be encoded as JSON strings, should be UTF-8 byte
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- sequences on the Ruby side. To encode raw binary strings, that aren't UTF-8
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- encoded, please use the to_json_raw_object method of String (which produces
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- an object, that contains a byte array) and decode the result on the receiving
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- endpoint.
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-
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- The JSON parsers can parse UTF-8, UTF-16BE, UTF-16LE, UTF-32BE, and UTF-32LE
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- JSON documents under Ruby 1.8. Under Ruby 1.9 they take advantage of Ruby's
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- M17n features and can parse all documents which have the correct
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- String#encoding set. If a document string has ASCII-8BIT as an encoding the
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- parser attempts to figure out which of the UTF encodings from above it is and
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- trys to parse it.
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-
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- == Installation
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-
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- It's recommended to use the extension variant of JSON, because it's faster than
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- the pure ruby variant. If you cannot build it on your system, you can settle
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- for the latter.
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-
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- Just type into the command line as root:
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-
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- # rake install
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-
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- The above command will build the extensions and install them on your system.
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-
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- # rake install_pure
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-
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- or
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-
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- # ruby install.rb
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-
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- will just install the pure ruby implementation of JSON.
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-
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- If you use Rubygems you can type
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-
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- # gem install json
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-
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- instead, to install the newest JSON version.
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-
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- There is also a pure ruby json only variant of the gem, that can be installed
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- with:
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-
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- # gem install json_pure
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-
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- == Compiling the extensions yourself
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-
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- If you want to build the extensions yourself you need rake:
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-
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- You can get it from rubyforge:
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- http://rubyforge.org/projects/rake
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-
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- or just type
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-
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- # gem install rake
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-
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- for the installation via rubygems.
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-
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- If you want to create the parser.c file from its parser.rl file or draw nice
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- graphviz images of the state machines, you need ragel from: http://www.cs.queensu.ca/~thurston/ragel
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-
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-
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- == Usage
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-
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- To use JSON you can
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- require 'json'
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- to load the installed variant (either the extension 'json' or the pure
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- variant 'json_pure'). If you have installed the extension variant, you can
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- pick either the extension variant or the pure variant by typing
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- require 'json/ext'
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- or
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- require 'json/pure'
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-
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- Now you can parse a JSON document into a ruby data structure by calling
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-
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- JSON.parse(document)
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-
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- If you want to generate a JSON document from a ruby data structure call
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- JSON.generate(data)
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-
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- You can also use the pretty_generate method (which formats the output more
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- verbosely and nicely) or fast_generate (which doesn't do any of the security
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- checks generate performs, e. g. nesting deepness checks).
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-
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- To create a valid JSON document you have to make sure, that the output is
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- embedded in either a JSON array [] or a JSON object {}. The easiest way to do
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- this, is by putting your values in a Ruby Array or Hash instance.
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-
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- There are also the JSON and JSON[] methods which use parse on a String or
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- generate a JSON document from an array or hash:
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-
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- document = JSON 'test' => 23 # => "{\"test\":23}"
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- document = JSON['test'] => 23 # => "{\"test\":23}"
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-
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- and
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-
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- data = JSON '{"test":23}' # => {"test"=>23}
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- data = JSON['{"test":23}'] # => {"test"=>23}
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-
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- You can choose to load a set of common additions to ruby core's objects if
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- you
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- require 'json/add/core'
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-
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- After requiring this you can, e. g., serialise/deserialise Ruby ranges:
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-
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- JSON JSON(1..10) # => 1..10
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-
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- To find out how to add JSON support to other or your own classes, read the
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- section "More Examples" below.
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-
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- To get the best compatibility to rails' JSON implementation, you can
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- require 'json/add/rails'
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-
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- Both of the additions attempt to require 'json' (like above) first, if it has
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- not been required yet.
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-
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- == More Examples
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-
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- To create a JSON document from a ruby data structure, you can call
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- JSON.generate like that:
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-
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- json = JSON.generate [1, 2, {"a"=>3.141}, false, true, nil, 4..10]
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- # => "[1,2,{\"a\":3.141},false,true,null,\"4..10\"]"
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-
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- To get back a ruby data structure from a JSON document, you have to call
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- JSON.parse on it:
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-
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- JSON.parse json
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- # => [1, 2, {"a"=>3.141}, false, true, nil, "4..10"]
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-
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- Note, that the range from the original data structure is a simple
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- string now. The reason for this is, that JSON doesn't support ranges
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- or arbitrary classes. In this case the json library falls back to call
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- Object#to_json, which is the same as #to_s.to_json.
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-
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- It's possible to add JSON support serialization to arbitrary classes by
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- simply implementing a more specialized version of the #to_json method, that
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- should return a JSON object (a hash converted to JSON with #to_json) like
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- this (don't forget the *a for all the arguments):
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-
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- class Range
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- def to_json(*a)
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- {
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- 'json_class' => self.class.name, # = 'Range'
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- 'data' => [ first, last, exclude_end? ]
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- }.to_json(*a)
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- end
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- end
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-
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- The hash key 'json_class' is the class, that will be asked to deserialise the
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- JSON representation later. In this case it's 'Range', but any namespace of
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- the form 'A::B' or '::A::B' will do. All other keys are arbitrary and can be
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- used to store the necessary data to configure the object to be deserialised.
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-
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- If a the key 'json_class' is found in a JSON object, the JSON parser checks
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- if the given class responds to the json_create class method. If so, it is
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- called with the JSON object converted to a Ruby hash. So a range can
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- be deserialised by implementing Range.json_create like this:
177
-
178
- class Range
179
- def self.json_create(o)
180
- new(*o['data'])
181
- end
182
- end
183
-
184
- Now it possible to serialise/deserialise ranges as well:
185
-
186
- json = JSON.generate [1, 2, {"a"=>3.141}, false, true, nil, 4..10]
187
- # => "[1,2,{\"a\":3.141},false,true,null,{\"json_class\":\"Range\",\"data\":[4,10,false]}]"
188
- JSON.parse json
189
- # => [1, 2, {"a"=>3.141}, false, true, nil, 4..10]
190
-
191
- JSON.generate always creates the shortest possible string representation of a
192
- ruby data structure in one line. This is good for data storage or network
193
- protocols, but not so good for humans to read. Fortunately there's also
194
- JSON.pretty_generate (or JSON.pretty_generate) that creates a more readable
195
- output:
196
-
197
- puts JSON.pretty_generate([1, 2, {"a"=>3.141}, false, true, nil, 4..10])
198
- [
199
- 1,
200
- 2,
201
- {
202
- "a": 3.141
203
- },
204
- false,
205
- true,
206
- null,
207
- {
208
- "json_class": "Range",
209
- "data": [
210
- 4,
211
- 10,
212
- false
213
- ]
214
- }
215
- ]
216
-
217
- There are also the methods Kernel#j for generate, and Kernel#jj for
218
- pretty_generate output to the console, that work analogous to Core Ruby's p and
219
- the pp library's pp methods.
220
-
221
- The script tools/server.rb contains a small example if you want to test, how
222
- receiving a JSON object from a webrick server in your browser with the
223
- javasript prototype library http://www.prototypejs.org works.
224
-
225
- == Speed Comparisons
226
-
227
- I have created some benchmark results (see the benchmarks/data-p4-3Ghz
228
- subdir of the package) for the JSON-parser to estimate the speed up in the C
229
- extension:
230
-
231
- Comparing times (call_time_mean):
232
- 1 ParserBenchmarkExt#parser 900 repeats:
233
- 553.922304770 ( real) -> 21.500x
234
- 0.001805307
235
- 2 ParserBenchmarkYAML#parser 1000 repeats:
236
- 224.513358139 ( real) -> 8.714x
237
- 0.004454078
238
- 3 ParserBenchmarkPure#parser 1000 repeats:
239
- 26.755020642 ( real) -> 1.038x
240
- 0.037376163
241
- 4 ParserBenchmarkRails#parser 1000 repeats:
242
- 25.763381731 ( real) -> 1.000x
243
- 0.038814780
244
- calls/sec ( time) -> speed covers
245
- secs/call
246
-
247
- In the table above 1 is JSON::Ext::Parser, 2 is YAML.load with YAML
248
- compatbile JSON document, 3 is is JSON::Pure::Parser, and 4 is
249
- ActiveSupport::JSON.decode. The ActiveSupport JSON-decoder converts the
250
- input first to YAML and then uses the YAML-parser, the conversion seems to
251
- slow it down so much that it is only as fast as the JSON::Pure::Parser!
252
-
253
- If you look at the benchmark data you can see that this is mostly caused by
254
- the frequent high outliers - the median of the Rails-parser runs is still
255
- overall smaller than the median of the JSON::Pure::Parser runs:
256
-
257
- Comparing times (call_time_median):
258
- 1 ParserBenchmarkExt#parser 900 repeats:
259
- 800.592479481 ( real) -> 26.936x
260
- 0.001249075
261
- 2 ParserBenchmarkYAML#parser 1000 repeats:
262
- 271.002390644 ( real) -> 9.118x
263
- 0.003690004
264
- 3 ParserBenchmarkRails#parser 1000 repeats:
265
- 30.227910865 ( real) -> 1.017x
266
- 0.033082008
267
- 4 ParserBenchmarkPure#parser 1000 repeats:
268
- 29.722384421 ( real) -> 1.000x
269
- 0.033644676
270
- calls/sec ( time) -> speed covers
271
- secs/call
272
-
273
- I have benchmarked the JSON-Generator as well. This generated a few more
274
- values, because there are different modes that also influence the achieved
275
- speed:
276
-
277
- Comparing times (call_time_mean):
278
- 1 GeneratorBenchmarkExt#generator_fast 1000 repeats:
279
- 547.354332608 ( real) -> 15.090x
280
- 0.001826970
281
- 2 GeneratorBenchmarkExt#generator_safe 1000 repeats:
282
- 443.968212317 ( real) -> 12.240x
283
- 0.002252414
284
- 3 GeneratorBenchmarkExt#generator_pretty 900 repeats:
285
- 375.104545883 ( real) -> 10.341x
286
- 0.002665923
287
- 4 GeneratorBenchmarkPure#generator_fast 1000 repeats:
288
- 49.978706968 ( real) -> 1.378x
289
- 0.020008521
290
- 5 GeneratorBenchmarkRails#generator 1000 repeats:
291
- 38.531868759 ( real) -> 1.062x
292
- 0.025952543
293
- 6 GeneratorBenchmarkPure#generator_safe 1000 repeats:
294
- 36.927649925 ( real) -> 1.018x 7 (>=3859)
295
- 0.027079979
296
- 7 GeneratorBenchmarkPure#generator_pretty 1000 repeats:
297
- 36.272134441 ( real) -> 1.000x 6 (>=3859)
298
- 0.027569373
299
- calls/sec ( time) -> speed covers
300
- secs/call
301
-
302
- In the table above 1-3 are JSON::Ext::Generator methods. 4, 6, and 7 are
303
- JSON::Pure::Generator methods and 5 is the Rails JSON generator. It is now a
304
- bit faster than the generator_safe and generator_pretty methods of the pure
305
- variant but slower than the others.
306
-
307
- To achieve the fastest JSON document output, you can use the fast_generate
308
- method. Beware, that this will disable the checking for circular Ruby data
309
- structures, which may cause JSON to go into an infinite loop.
310
-
311
- Here are the median comparisons for completeness' sake:
312
-
313
- Comparing times (call_time_median):
314
- 1 GeneratorBenchmarkExt#generator_fast 1000 repeats:
315
- 708.258020939 ( real) -> 16.547x
316
- 0.001411915
317
- 2 GeneratorBenchmarkExt#generator_safe 1000 repeats:
318
- 569.105020353 ( real) -> 13.296x
319
- 0.001757145
320
- 3 GeneratorBenchmarkExt#generator_pretty 900 repeats:
321
- 482.825371244 ( real) -> 11.280x
322
- 0.002071142
323
- 4 GeneratorBenchmarkPure#generator_fast 1000 repeats:
324
- 62.717626652 ( real) -> 1.465x
325
- 0.015944481
326
- 5 GeneratorBenchmarkRails#generator 1000 repeats:
327
- 43.965681162 ( real) -> 1.027x
328
- 0.022745013
329
- 6 GeneratorBenchmarkPure#generator_safe 1000 repeats:
330
- 43.929073409 ( real) -> 1.026x 7 (>=3859)
331
- 0.022763968
332
- 7 GeneratorBenchmarkPure#generator_pretty 1000 repeats:
333
- 42.802514491 ( real) -> 1.000x 6 (>=3859)
334
- 0.023363113
335
- calls/sec ( time) -> speed covers
336
- secs/call
337
-
338
- == Author
339
-
340
- Florian Frank <mailto:flori@ping.de>
341
-
342
- == License
343
-
344
- Ruby License, see the COPYING file included in the source distribution. The
345
- Ruby License includes the GNU General Public License (GPL), Version 2, so see
346
- the file GPL as well.
347
-
348
- == Download
349
-
350
- The latest version of this library can be downloaded at
351
-
352
- * http://rubyforge.org/frs?group_id=953
353
-
354
- Online Documentation should be located at
355
-
356
- * http://json.rubyforge.org