ffi 1.9.3-x64-mingw32

data/lib/ffi/buffer.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#
+# All the code from this file is now implemented in C.  This file remains
+# to satisfy any leftover require 'ffi/buffer' in user code
+#

data/lib/ffi/callback.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#
+# All the code from this file is now implemented in C.  This file remains
+# to satisfy any leftover require 'ffi/callback' in user code
+#

data/lib/ffi/enum.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2009, 2010 Wayne Meissner
+# Copyright (C) 2009 Luc Heinrich
+#
+# This file is part of ruby-ffi.
+#
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+#   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the names of its contributors
+#   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+#   without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+# OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+module FFI
+
+  # An instance of this class permits to manage {Enum}s. In fact, Enums is a collection of {Enum}s.
+  class Enums
+
+    # @return [nil]
+    def initialize
+      @all_enums = Array.new
+      @tagged_enums = Hash.new
+      @symbol_map = Hash.new
+    end
+
+    # @param [Enum] enum
+    # Add an {Enum} to the collection.
+    def <<(enum)
+      @all_enums << enum
+      @tagged_enums[enum.tag] = enum unless enum.tag.nil?
+      @symbol_map.merge!(enum.symbol_map)
+    end
+
+    # @param query enum tag or part of an enum name
+    # @return [Enum]
+    # Find a {Enum} in collection.
+    def find(query)
+      if @tagged_enums.has_key?(query)
+        @tagged_enums[query]
+      else
+        @all_enums.detect { |enum| enum.symbols.include?(query) }
+      end
+    end
+
+    # @param symbol a symbol to find in merge symbol maps of all enums.
+    # @return a symbol
+    def __map_symbol(symbol)
+      @symbol_map[symbol]
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  # Represents a C enum.
+  #
+  # For a C enum:
+  #  enum fruits {
+  #    apple,
+  #    banana,
+  #    orange,
+  #    pineapple
+  #  };
+  # are defined this vocabulary:
+  # * a _symbol_ is a word from the enumeration (ie. _apple_, by example);
+  # * a _value_ is the value of a symbol in the enumeration (by example, apple has value _0_ and banana _1_).
+  class Enum
+    include DataConverter
+
+    attr_reader :tag
+
+    # @param [nil, Enumerable] info
+    # @param tag enum tag
+    def initialize(info, tag=nil)
+      @tag = tag
+      @kv_map = Hash.new
+      unless info.nil?
+        last_cst = nil
+        value = 0
+        info.each do |i|
+          case i
+          when Symbol
+            raise ArgumentError, "duplicate enum key" if @kv_map.has_key?(i)
+            @kv_map[i] = value
+            last_cst = i
+            value += 1
+          when Integer
+            @kv_map[last_cst] = i
+            value = i+1
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      @vk_map = @kv_map.invert
+    end
+
+    # @return [Array] enum symbol names
+    def symbols
+      @kv_map.keys
+    end
+
+    # Get a symbol or a value from the enum.
+    # @overload [](query)
+    #  Get enum value from symbol.
+    #  @param [Symbol] query
+    #  @return [Integer]
+    # @overload [](query)
+    #  Get enum symbol from value.
+    #  @param [Integer] query
+    #  @return [Symbol]
+    def [](query)
+      case query
+      when Symbol
+        @kv_map[query]
+      when Integer
+        @vk_map[query]
+      end
+    end
+    alias find []
+
+    # Get the symbol map.
+    # @return [Hash]
+    def symbol_map
+      @kv_map
+    end
+    
+    alias to_h symbol_map
+    alias to_hash symbol_map
+
+    # Get native type of Enum
+    # @return [Type::INT]
+    def native_type
+      Type::INT
+    end
+
+    # @param [Symbol, Integer, #to_int] val
+    # @param ctx unused
+    # @return [Integer] value of a enum symbol
+    def to_native(val, ctx)
+      @kv_map[val] || if val.is_a?(Integer)
+        val
+      elsif val.respond_to?(:to_int)
+        val.to_int
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid enum value, #{val.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # @param val
+    # @return symbol name if it exists for +val+.
+    def from_native(val, ctx)
+      @vk_map[val] || val
+    end
+
+  end
+
+end

data/lib/ffi/errno.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Wayne Meissner
+#
+# This file is part of ruby-ffi.
+#
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+#   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the names of its contributors
+#   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+#   without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+# OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.#
+
+module FFI
+  # @return (see FFI::LastError.error)
+  # @see FFI::LastError.error
+  def self.errno
+    FFI::LastError.error
+  end
+  # @param error (see FFI::LastError.error=)
+  # @return (see FFI::LastError.error=)
+  # @see FFI::LastError.error=
+  def self.errno=(error)
+    FFI::LastError.error = error
+  end
+end

data/lib/ffi/ffi.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2010 JRuby project
+#
+# This file is part of ruby-ffi.
+#
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+#   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the names of its contributors
+#   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+#   without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+# OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+require 'ffi/platform'
+require 'ffi/types'
+require 'ffi/library'
+require 'ffi/errno'
+require 'ffi/pointer'
+require 'ffi/memorypointer'
+require 'ffi/struct'
+require 'ffi/union'
+require 'ffi/managedstruct'
+require 'ffi/callback'
+require 'ffi/io'
+require 'ffi/autopointer'
+require 'ffi/variadic'
+require 'ffi/enum'

data/lib/ffi/io.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2008, 2009 Wayne Meissner
+#
+# This file is part of ruby-ffi.
+#
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+#   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the names of its contributors
+#   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+#   without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+# OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.#
+
+module FFI
+  
+  # This module implements a couple of class methods to play with IO.
+  module IO
+    # @param [Integer] fd file decriptor
+    # @param [String] mode mode string
+    # @return [::IO]
+    # Synonym for IO::for_fd.
+    def self.for_fd(fd, mode = "r")
+      ::IO.for_fd(fd, mode)
+    end
+
+    # @param [#read] io io to read from
+    # @param [AbstractMemory] buf destination for data read from +io+
+    # @param [nil, Numeric] len maximul number of bytes to read from +io+. If +nil+, 
+    #  read until end of file.
+    # @return [Numeric] length really read, in bytes
+    #
+    # A version of IO#read that reads data from an IO and put then into a native buffer.
+    # 
+    # This will be optimized at some future time to eliminate the double copy.
+    #
+    def self.native_read(io, buf, len)
+      tmp = io.read(len)
+      return -1 unless tmp
+      buf.put_bytes(0, tmp)
+      tmp.length
+    end
+
+  end
+end
+

data/lib/ffi/library.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Wayne Meissner
+#
+# This file is part of ruby-ffi.
+#
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+#   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the names of its contributors
+#   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+#   without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+# OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.#
+
+module FFI
+  CURRENT_PROCESS = USE_THIS_PROCESS_AS_LIBRARY = Object.new
+
+  # @param [#to_s] lib library name
+  # @return [String] library name formatted for current platform
+  # Transform a generic library name to a platform library name
+  # @example
+  #  # Linux
+  #  FFI.map_library_name 'c'     # -> "libc.so.6"
+  #  FFI.map_library_name 'jpeg'  # -> "libjpeg.so"
+  #  # Windows
+  #  FFI.map_library_name 'c'     # -> "msvcrt.dll"
+  #  FFI.map_library_name 'jpeg'  # -> "jpeg.dll"
+  def self.map_library_name(lib)
+    # Mangle the library name to reflect the native library naming conventions
+    lib = lib.to_s unless lib.kind_of?(String)
+    lib = Library::LIBC if lib == 'c'
+
+    if lib && File.basename(lib) == lib
+      lib = Platform::LIBPREFIX + lib unless lib =~ /^#{Platform::LIBPREFIX}/
+      r = Platform::IS_GNU ? "\\.so($|\\.[1234567890]+)" : "\\.#{Platform::LIBSUFFIX}$"
+      lib += ".#{Platform::LIBSUFFIX}" unless lib =~ /#{r}/
+    end
+
+    lib
+  end
+
+  # Exception raised when a function is not found in libraries
+  class NotFoundError < LoadError
+    def initialize(function, *libraries)
+      super("Function '#{function}' not found in [#{libraries[0].nil? ? 'current process' : libraries.join(", ")}]")
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This module is the base to use native functions.
+  #
+  # A basic usage may be:
+  #  require 'ffi'
+  #  
+  #  module Hello
+  #    extend FFI::Library
+  #    ffi_lib FFI::Library::LIBC
+  #    attach_function 'puts', [ :string ], :int
+  #  end
+  #  
+  #  Hello.puts("Hello, World")
+  #
+  # 
+  module Library
+    CURRENT_PROCESS = FFI::CURRENT_PROCESS
+    LIBC = FFI::Platform::LIBC
+
+    # @param mod extended object
+    # @return [nil]
+    # @raise {RuntimeError} if +mod+ is not a Module
+    # Test if extended object is a Module. If not, raise RuntimeError.
+    def self.extended(mod)
+      raise RuntimeError.new("must only be extended by module") unless mod.kind_of?(Module)
+    end
+
+    
+    # @param [Array] names names of libraries to load
+    # @return [Array<DynamicLibrary>]
+    # @raise {LoadError} if a library cannot be opened
+    # Load native libraries.
+    def ffi_lib(*names)
+      raise LoadError.new("library names list must not be empty") if names.empty?
+
+      lib_flags = defined?(@ffi_lib_flags) ? @ffi_lib_flags : FFI::DynamicLibrary::RTLD_LAZY | FFI::DynamicLibrary::RTLD_LOCAL
+      ffi_libs = names.map do |name|
+
+        if name == FFI::CURRENT_PROCESS
+          FFI::DynamicLibrary.open(nil, FFI::DynamicLibrary::RTLD_LAZY | FFI::DynamicLibrary::RTLD_LOCAL)
+
+        else
+          libnames = (name.is_a?(::Array) ? name : [ name ]).map { |n| [ n, FFI.map_library_name(n) ].uniq }.flatten.compact
+          lib = nil
+          errors = {}
+
+          libnames.each do |libname|
+            begin
+              lib = FFI::DynamicLibrary.open(libname, lib_flags)
+              break if lib
+
+            rescue Exception => ex
+              ldscript = false
+              if ex.message =~ /(([^ \t()])+\.so([^ \t:()])*):([ \t])*invalid ELF header/
+                if File.read($1) =~ /GROUP *\( *([^ \)]+) *\)/
+                  libname = $1
+                  ldscript = true
+                end
+              end
+
+              if ldscript
+                retry
+              else
+                errors[libname] = ex
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          if lib.nil?
+            raise LoadError.new(errors.values.join(".\n"))
+          end
+
+          # return the found lib
+          lib
+        end
+      end
+
+      @ffi_libs = ffi_libs
+    end
+
+    # Set the calling convention for {#attach_function} and {#callback}
+    #
+    # @see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stdcall#stdcall
+    # @note +:stdcall+ is typically used for attaching Windows API functions
+    #
+    # @param [Symbol] convention one of +:default+, +:stdcall+
+    # @return [Symbol] the new calling convention
+    def ffi_convention(convention = nil)
+      @ffi_convention ||= :default
+      @ffi_convention = convention if convention
+      @ffi_convention
+    end
+
+    # @see #ffi_lib
+    # @return [Array<FFI::DynamicLibrary>] array of currently loaded FFI libraries
+    # @raise [LoadError] if no libraries have been loaded (using {#ffi_lib})
+    # Get FFI libraries loaded using {#ffi_lib}.
+    def ffi_libraries
+      raise LoadError.new("no library specified") if !defined?(@ffi_libs) || @ffi_libs.empty?
+      @ffi_libs
+    end
+
+    # Flags used in {#ffi_lib}.
+    #
+    # This map allows you to supply symbols to {#ffi_lib_flags} instead of
+    # the actual constants.
+    FlagsMap = {
+      :global => DynamicLibrary::RTLD_GLOBAL,
+      :local => DynamicLibrary::RTLD_LOCAL,
+      :lazy => DynamicLibrary::RTLD_LAZY,
+      :now => DynamicLibrary::RTLD_NOW
+    }
+
+    # Sets library flags for {#ffi_lib}.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   ffi_lib_flags(:lazy, :local) # => 5
+    #
+    # @param [Symbol, …] flags (see {FlagsMap})
+    # @return [Fixnum] the new value
+    def ffi_lib_flags(*flags)
+      @ffi_lib_flags = flags.inject(0) { |result, f| result | FlagsMap[f] }
+    end
+
+
+    ##
+    # @overload attach_function(func, args, returns, options = {})
+    #  @example attach function without an explicit name
+    #    module Foo
+    #      extend FFI::Library
+    #      ffi_lib FFI::Library::LIBC
+    #      attach_function :malloc, [:size_t], :pointer
+    #    end
+    #    # now callable via Foo.malloc
+    # @overload attach_function(name, func, args, returns, options = {})
+    #  @example attach function with an explicit name
+    #    module Bar
+    #      extend FFI::Library
+    #      ffi_lib FFI::Library::LIBC
+    #      attach_function :c_malloc, :malloc, [:size_t], :pointer
+    #    end
+    #    # now callable via Bar.c_malloc
+    #
+    # Attach C function +func+ to this module.
+    #
+    #
+    # @param [#to_s] name name of ruby method to attach as
+    # @param [#to_s] func name of C function to attach
+    # @param [Array<Symbol>] args an array of types
+    # @param [Symbol] returns type of return value
+    # @option options [Boolean] :blocking (@blocking) set to true if the C function is a blocking call
+    # @option options [Symbol] :convention (:default) calling convention (see {#ffi_convention})
+    # @option options [FFI::Enums] :enums
+    # @option options [Hash] :type_map
+    #
+    # @return [FFI::VariadicInvoker]
+    #
+    # @raise [FFI::NotFoundError] if +func+ cannot be found in the attached libraries (see {#ffi_lib})
+    def attach_function(name, func, args, returns = nil, options = nil)
+      mname, a2, a3, a4, a5 = name, func, args, returns, options
+      cname, arg_types, ret_type, opts = (a4 && (a2.is_a?(String) || a2.is_a?(Symbol))) ? [ a2, a3, a4, a5 ] : [ mname.to_s, a2, a3, a4 ]
+
+      # Convert :foo to the native type
+      arg_types = arg_types.map { |e| find_type(e) }
+      options = {
+        :convention => ffi_convention,
+        :type_map => defined?(@ffi_typedefs) ? @ffi_typedefs : nil,
+        :blocking => defined?(@blocking) && @blocking,
+        :enums => defined?(@ffi_enums) ? @ffi_enums : nil,
+      }
+
+      @blocking = false
+      options.merge!(opts) if opts && opts.is_a?(Hash)
+
+      # Try to locate the function in any of the libraries
+      invokers = []
+      ffi_libraries.each do |lib|
+        if invokers.empty?
+          begin
+            function = nil
+            function_names(cname, arg_types).find do |fname|
+              function = lib.find_function(fname)
+            end
+            raise LoadError unless function
+
+            invokers << if arg_types.length > 0 && arg_types[arg_types.length - 1] == FFI::NativeType::VARARGS
+              VariadicInvoker.new(function, arg_types, find_type(ret_type), options)
+
+            else
+              Function.new(find_type(ret_type), arg_types, function, options)
+            end
+
+          rescue LoadError
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      invoker = invokers.compact.shift
+      raise FFI::NotFoundError.new(cname.to_s, ffi_libraries.map { |lib| lib.name }) unless invoker
+
+      invoker.attach(self, mname.to_s)
+      invoker
+    end
+
+    # @param [#to_s] name function name
+    # @param [Array] arg_types function's argument types
+    # @return [Array<String>]
+    # This function returns a list of possible names to lookup.
+    # @note Function names on windows may be decorated if they are using stdcall. See
+    #   * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_mangling#C_name_decoration_in_Microsoft_Windows
+    #   * http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zxk0tw93%28v=VS.100%29.aspx
+    #   * http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/X86_Disassembly/Calling_Conventions#STDCALL
+    #   Note that decorated names can be overridden via def files.  Also note that the
+    #   windows api, although using, doesn't have decorated names.
+    def function_names(name, arg_types)
+      result = [name.to_s]
+      if ffi_convention == :stdcall
+        # Get the size of each parameter
+        size = arg_types.inject(0) do |mem, arg|
+          mem + arg.size
+        end
+
+        # Next, the size must be a multiple of 4
+        size += (4 - size) % 4
+
+        result << "_#{name.to_s}@#{size}" # win32
+        result << "#{name.to_s}@#{size}" # win64
+      end
+      result
+    end
+
+    # @overload attach_variable(mname, cname, type)
+    #  @example
+    #   module Bar
+    #     extend FFI::Library
+    #     ffi_lib 'my_lib'
+    #     attach_variable :c_myvar, :myvar, :long
+    #   end
+    #   # now callable via Bar.c_myvar
+    # @overload attach_variable(cname, type)
+    #  @example
+    #   module Bar
+    #     extend FFI::Library
+    #     ffi_lib 'my_lib'
+    #     attach_variable :myvar, :long
+    #   end
+    #   # now callable via Bar.myvar
+    # @param [#to_s] mname name of ruby method to attach as
+    # @param [#to_s] cname name of C variable to attach
+    # @param [DataConverter, Struct, Symbol, Type] type C varaible's type
+    # @return [DynamicLibrary::Symbol]
+    # @raise {FFI::NotFoundError} if +cname+ cannot be found in libraries
+    #
+    # Attach C variable +cname+ to this module.
+    def attach_variable(mname, a1, a2 = nil)
+      cname, type = a2 ? [ a1, a2 ] : [ mname.to_s, a1 ]
+      address = nil
+      ffi_libraries.each do |lib|
+        begin
+          address = lib.find_variable(cname.to_s)
+          break unless address.nil?
+        rescue LoadError
+        end
+      end
+
+      raise FFI::NotFoundError.new(cname, ffi_libraries) if address.nil? || address.null?
+      if type.is_a?(Class) && type < FFI::Struct
+        # If it is a global struct, just attach directly to the pointer
+        s = type.new(address)
+        self.module_eval <<-code, __FILE__, __LINE__
+          @@ffi_gvar_#{mname} = s
+          def self.#{mname}
+            @@ffi_gvar_#{mname}
+          end
+code
+
+      else
+        sc = Class.new(FFI::Struct)
+        sc.layout :gvar, find_type(type)
+        s = sc.new(address)
+        #
+        # Attach to this module as mname/mname=
+        #
+        self.module_eval <<-code, __FILE__, __LINE__
+          @@ffi_gvar_#{mname} = s
+          def self.#{mname}
+            @@ffi_gvar_#{mname}[:gvar]
+          end
+          def self.#{mname}=(value)
+            @@ffi_gvar_#{mname}[:gvar] = value
+          end
+        code
+
+      end
+
+      address
+    end
+
+
+    # @overload callback(name, params, ret)
+    # @overload callback(params, ret)
+    # @param name callback name to add to type map
+    # @param [Array] params array of parameters' types
+    # @param [DataConverter, Struct, Symbol, Type] ret callback return type
+    # @return [FFI::CallbackInfo]
+    def callback(*args)
+      raise ArgumentError, "wrong number of arguments" if args.length < 2 || args.length > 3
+      name, params, ret = if args.length == 3
+        args
+      else
+        [ nil, args[0], args[1] ]
+      end
+
+      native_params = params.map { |e| find_type(e) }
+      raise ArgumentError, "callbacks cannot have variadic parameters" if native_params.include?(FFI::Type::VARARGS)
+      options = Hash.new
+      options[:convention] = ffi_convention
+      options[:enums] = @ffi_enums if defined?(@ffi_enums)
+      cb = FFI::CallbackInfo.new(find_type(ret), native_params, options)
+
+      # Add to the symbol -> type map (unless there was no name)
+      unless name.nil?
+        typedef cb, name
+      end
+
+      cb
+    end
+
+    # @param [DataConverter, Symbol, Type] old
+    # @param  add
+    # @param [] info
+    # @return [FFI::Enum, FFI::Type]
+    # Register or get an already registered type definition.
+    #
+    # To register a new type definition, +old+ should be a {FFI::Type}. +add+
+    # is in this case the type definition.
+    #
+    # If +old+ is a {DataConverter}, a {Type::Mapped} is returned.
+    #
+    # If +old+ is +:enum+
+    # * and +add+ is an +Array+, a call to {#enum} is made with +add+ as single parameter;
+    # * in others cases, +info+ is used to create a named enum.
+    #
+    # If +old+ is a key for type map, #typedef get +old+ type definition.
+    def typedef(old, add, info=nil)
+      @ffi_typedefs = Hash.new unless defined?(@ffi_typedefs)
+
+      @ffi_typedefs[add] = if old.kind_of?(FFI::Type)
+        old
+
+      elsif @ffi_typedefs.has_key?(old)
+        @ffi_typedefs[old]
+
+      elsif old.is_a?(DataConverter)
+        FFI::Type::Mapped.new(old)
+
+      elsif old == :enum
+        if add.kind_of?(Array)
+          self.enum(add)
+        else
+          self.enum(info, add)
+        end
+
+      else
+        FFI.find_type(old)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # @overload enum(name, values)
+    #  Create a named enum.
+    #  @example
+    #   enum :foo, [:zero, :one, :two]  # named enum
+    #  @param [Symbol] name name for new enum
+    #  @param [Array] values values for enum
+    # @overload enum(*args)
+    #  Create an unnamed enum.
+    #  @example
+    #   enum :zero, :one, :two  # unnamed enum
+    #  @param args values for enum
+    # @overload enum(values)
+    #  Create an unnamed enum.
+    #  @example
+    #   enum [:zero, :one, :two]  # unnamed enum, equivalent to above example
+    #  @param [Array] values values for enum
+    # @return [FFI::Enum]
+    # Create a new {FFI::Enum}.
+    def enum(*args)
+      name, values = if args[0].kind_of?(Symbol) && args[1].kind_of?(Array)
+        [ args[0], args[1] ]
+      elsif args[0].kind_of?(Array)
+        [ nil, args[0] ]
+      else
+        [ nil, args ]
+      end
+      @ffi_enums = FFI::Enums.new unless defined?(@ffi_enums)
+      @ffi_enums << (e = FFI::Enum.new(values, name))
+
+      # If called as enum :foo, [ :zero, :one, :two ], add a typedef alias
+      typedef(e, name) if name
+      e
+    end
+
+    # @param name
+    # @return [FFI::Enum]
+    # Find an enum by name.
+    def enum_type(name)
+      @ffi_enums.find(name) if defined?(@ffi_enums)
+    end
+
+    # @param symbol
+    # @return [FFI::Enum]
+    # Find an enum by a symbol it contains.
+    def enum_value(symbol)
+      @ffi_enums.__map_symbol(symbol)
+    end
+
+    # @param [DataConverter, Type, Struct, Symbol] t type to find
+    # @return [Type]
+    # Find a type definition.
+    def find_type(t)
+      if t.kind_of?(Type)
+        t
+
+      elsif defined?(@ffi_typedefs) && @ffi_typedefs.has_key?(t)
+        @ffi_typedefs[t]
+
+      elsif t.is_a?(Class) && t < Struct
+        Type::POINTER
+
+      elsif t.is_a?(DataConverter)
+        # Add a typedef so next time the converter is used, it hits the cache
+        typedef Type::Mapped.new(t), t
+
+      end || FFI.find_type(t)
+    end
+  end
+end